Unit 12 Section Ⅲ Grammar(课件PPT)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 语法精讲 技能培养 01 课时作业 知能达标 03 随堂演练 巩固提升 02 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 01 语法精讲 技能培养 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 02 随堂演练 巩固提升 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 03 课时作业 知能达标 点击进入Word 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 谢谢观看 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 项目一 形容词 一、形容词的基本用法 1．形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。 Unlike traditional gyms，app­backed gyms offer people flexible options to exercise. 不像传统的健身房，应用程序支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。 2．形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。 Lighthearted and optimistic，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. 她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。 常见的以­ly结尾的形容词有 friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly，deadly等。 [即学活用1]　写出下列句中加黑词所作的成分 ①My bike was old and shaky but did the job.　表语　 ②During that time，increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.　 宾语补足语　 ③Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.　定语　 ④Tired，he fell into the sofa after coming back from the playground.　 状语　 二、名词、动词转换为形容词 后缀 例词 ­able accept→acceptable可接受的 comfort→comfortable舒适的 fashion→fashionable时髦的 suit→suitable合适的 reason→reasonable合理的 ­al music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的 person→personal个人的；私人的 centre→central中央的；中心的 nature→natural自然的；天生的 ­ful doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 harm→harmful有害的 hope→hopeful有希望的 peace→peaceful和平的 ­ed scare→scared感到恐惧的 confuse→confused感到困惑的 underline→underlined加下划线的 ­ing surprise→surprising令人惊讶的 convince→convincing令人信服的 satisfy→satisfying令人满意的 ­ible access→accessible可到达的 horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible可怕的；糟糕的 ­ive act→active积极的；活跃的 effect→effective有效的；生效的 attract→attractive有吸引力的 impress→impressive给人深刻印象的 ­ous continue→continuous 不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious忧虑的 caution→cautious小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious好奇的 humor→humorous幽默的 ­some tire→tiresome令人厌烦的 trouble→troublesome麻烦的 ­y taste→tasty美味的；可口的 health→healthy健康的 wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的 ­ern east→eastern东方的；向东的 ­ish child→childish孩子气的 fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的 self→selfish自私的 [即学活用2]　单句语法填空 ①But that's how nature is—always leaving us　astonished　(astonish). ②After spending some time looking at all the　defensive　(defend) equipment at the wall，we decided it was time for some action. ③It is different from　traditional　(tradition) tourism. ④It allows the traveler to become　educated　(educate) about the areas. ⑤Ecotourism has its origin with the　environmental　(environment) movement of the 1970s. 三、形容词转换为副词 类别 例词 直接加ly clear→clearly清楚地 great→greatly很，非常，大大地 以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加ly happy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily沉重地 以ble/le结尾的形容词，去掉e，再加y terrible→terribly可怕地；极度地 gentle→gently轻轻地 以ue结尾的形容词，去掉e再加ly true→truly真实地 以ll结尾的形容词，直接加y full→fully充分地；完全地dull→dully迟钝地 以ic结尾的形容词，直接加ally basic→basically主要地，基本上 scientific→scientifically科学地 [即学活用3]　单句语法填空 ①It was built　originally　(original) to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty. ②　Beautifully　(beautiful) restored (修复) to its 1860 appearance，the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. ③She was　extremely　(extreme) pretty，and her house was a reflection of herself. ④Ecotourism is　commonly　(common) regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. 四、形容词的比较等级 1．形容词比较级和最高级的变化 规则变化 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加er或est tall taller tallest long longer longest 以e结尾的，只加r或st nice nicer nicest fine finer finest 规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加er或est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以辅音字母＋y结尾的，先变y为i，再加er或est happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 规则变化 其他双音节词和多音节词 在前面加more 或most difficult more difficult most difficult beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst old older/elder oldest/eldest little less least far farther(具体) farthest(具体) further(抽象) furthest(抽象) 2．比较级的用法 (1)as＋形容词的原级＋as ...与not as/so＋形容词的原级＋as ...均表示同级比较。 The book is not so/as difficult as you imagine. 这本书没有你想象的那么难。 (2)比较级＋than表示一方超过或低于另一方的情况。 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. 研究发现早起锻炼的人要比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。 (3)比较级的特殊结构 ①“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……” The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。 ②“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……” Our city becomes more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。 修饰比较级的副词有much，even，still，far，a little，a lot，rather 等。more，very 等副词不可用来修饰比较级。 3．最高级的用法 (1)the＋序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 非洲是世界上第二大洲。 (2)one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我国最大的城市之一。 (3)“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级的意义。 I have never read a better book than this. 这是我读过的最好的一本书。 [即学活用4]　单句语法填空 ①When the house was built，it was much　smaller　(small) than it is today. ②Farming produced more food per person　than　hunting and gathering. ③One day，the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done，so he called all great artists to come and present their　finest　(fine) works. 项目二 短语介词 一、基本概念 短语介词就是由两个或几个词构成的短语，其作用相当于一个介词，其后接名词、宾格代词、动词­ing形式等，构成较为复杂的介词短语。介词短语由“介词(或者短语介词)＋宾语”构成，能充当介词宾语的主要有名词、宾格代词、动词­ing形式等，介词短语在句中可作表语、定语和状语。 二、短语介词的构成 1．连词＋介词 because of因为 as for就……方面 as to至于 but for要不是 2．介词＋介词 along with连同……一起，与……一道 except for除了 3．介词＋名词＋介词 by way of通过……的方向 by means of通过 with/in regard to关于，就……而论 in case of以防 in charge of掌管 in honor of为了表达对……的敬意 in addition to除了 4．形容词＋介词 regardless of不管，不顾 due to由于 owing to由于 speaking of谈起 5．副词＋介词 apart from除……之外还有 ahead of在……之前 away from远离 instead of代替 according to根据，按照 6．介词＋the＋名词＋介词 for the purpose of为了 in the charge of由……掌管 at the expense of以……为代价 at the mercy of在……的支配下 in the hope of怀着……的期望 under the control of在……的控制之下 at the risk of冒着……的风险 at the sight of一见到……就 三、短语介词和介词短语的区别 短语介词是相当于一个介词的词组，它不能单独充当句子成分；介词短语是由“介词＋宾语”或“短语介词＋宾语”构成的，它可以单独充当句子成分。 [即学活用5]　单句语法填空 ①I firmly support the opinion that even the hero has his weakness　in　some respect. ②On the basis　of　these facts，we can conclude that the ridiculous rumor was spread by my niece. ③Much　to　my sorrow，all of my classmates teased my nursery rhyme，saying that it lacked rhythms. ④Your car is less than a year old，so it is still　under　guarantee. ⑤The scenery there is so fascinating that it is totally　beyond　description. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Provide　financial　(finance) aid and other benefits for local people. 2．Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the　natural　(nature) environment. 3．The staff is friendly and　helpful　(help)，providing you with a map of the city when you arrive. 4.　Equally　(equal) attractive are the tips on how to learn English，which is of great significance to my English study. 5．I　highly　(high) recommend visiting this exhibition. 6．We can use all kinds of resources to make learning　more interesting　(interest) than traditional learning. 7．Staring at the screen is　harmful　(harm) to our eyes. 8．The Hong Kong­Zhuhai­Macao Bridge，as the　longest　(long) sea­crossing bridge in the world，is expected to have 5G service in the future. 9．Though badly　frightened　(frighten)，she remained outwardly composed. 10．It is　certainly　(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．The amazing thing about the spring is that　the colder the temperature gets，the hotter the spring　！ 温泉的神奇之处在于，温度越低，温泉就越热！ 2.　It was not widely accepted as a travel concept　until the late 1980s. 直到20世纪80年代末，它才作为一个旅游概念被广泛接受。 3．At last，we arrived home，　tired and hungry　. 终于，我们到家了，又累又饿。 4.　Singing songs is relaxing　，which can help reduce stress. 唱歌可以使人放松，帮助减轻压力。 5．The tour to Beijing was fantastic.I　had never experienced a more interesting and exciting one　. 去北京的这次旅行真是妙极了。我从来没有经历过比这更有趣、更令人兴奋的旅行。 Ⅲ.用适当的介词填空 Speaking 1.　of　continuation writing，we are all worried about it due 2.　to　its difficulty and lack of practice.3.　For　the purpose of increasing our interest，our English teacher divided the whole class into several groups according 4.　to　our academic performance.I was 5.　in　charge of our team.In the hope 6.　of　winning the first place，I made every effort to get the whole team members involved.Owing 7.　to　our joint effort，our team made it at last. $$