Unit 12 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1(课件PPT)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 篇章助读释疑 01 基础梳理 新知落实 02 核心知识 关键能力 04 语篇理解 要点领悟 03 课时作业 知能达标 06 随堂演练 巩固提升 05 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 01 篇章助读释疑 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 02 基础梳理 新知落实 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 03 语篇理解 要点领悟 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 04 核心知识 关键能力 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 05 随堂演练 巩固提升 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 06 课时作业 知能达标 点击进入Word 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 谢谢观看 栏目导航 UNIT 12　INNOVATION 1 原文呈现 Scientific① Breakthroughs If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century，you would have a real problem on your hands.[1] In just 100 years，the world has changed completely.Amazing discoveries were made in medicine，communications and transport，not to mention②our knowledge of the world and space.Medical advances ranged from③ discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes④to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated⑤ ones.Communications changed with the introduction of⑥ mobile phones，and the way we correspond⑦went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant⑧messages.We started flying around the world，launching⑨satellites⑩ into orbit ⑪ and，at the same time，scientists figured out how to split⑫the atom，previously thought to be the smallest particle⑬ of matter in the universe[2]． [1]此处if引导虚拟条件状语从句，意为“如果”。 [2]此处含有“连词＋to do sth”的结构，在句中作宾语；previously thought to be...过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the atom。 Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery，it is possible to single out⑭ a few pioneers of the 20th century.Here are some of them. One of the 20th century's premier⑮ scientists was Albert Einstein.In the summer of 1905，this outspoken⑯young man was rocking his one­year­old baby when[3]he was suddenly inspired.Subsequently⑰，“E＝mc2” was born.It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy.[4] Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity⑱” that not even time，mass or length are constant⑲—they change according to our experience of them. [3]此处be doing sth when...是固定句式，意为“正在做某事，这时……”。 [4]此处how引导宾语从句，作动词showed的宾语。 In 1929，another important finding⑳was made by biologisteq \o(○,\s\up3(21))Alexander Fleming.Before he went on holiday，Fleming left a dish of bacteria in his laboratory.When he came back，he noticed something strange.He double­checkedeq \o(○,\s\up3(22))and saw a blue mouldeq \o(○,\s\up3(23))in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed[5]．This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillineq \o(○,\s\up3(24))，which Fleming perceivedeq \o(○,\s\up3(25))could be used to kill bacteria[6]．A few years later，penicillin was being mass­producedeq \o(○,\s\up3(26)) and helping to save the lives of millionseq \o(○,\s\up3(27)).Fleming remained humbleeq \o(○,\s\up3(28))about the amazing outcomeeq \o(○,\s\up3(29))of his discovery.“Nature made penicillin，” he said，“I just found it.” [5]此处含有“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a blue mould。 [6]此处which引导的非限制性定语从句。which代替penicillin，作从句的主语。 During World War Ⅱ，when Fleming's discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navyeq \o(○,\s\up3(30))was looking for ways of improving the accuracyeq \o(○,\s\up3(31))of their missileseq \o(○,\s\up3(32)).The navy turned toeq \o(○,\s\up3(33))Eckert，an engineer，and Mauchly，a physicisteq \o(○,\s\up3(34))，to deal witheq \o(○,\s\up3(35))the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a jointeq \o(○,\s\up3(36))effort.Although they only finished after the war in 1946，it did not matter.This huge machine was the world's first computer，but it was nothing likeeq \o(○,\s\up3(37))our computers today.It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30,000 kilograms.With 18,000 tubeseq \o(○,\s\up3(38))，thousands of circuitseq \o(○,\s\up3(39))and 6,000 switches，it used so much energy that when it was turned on，the lights in the local town went outeq \o(○,\s\up3(40))[7]! With the development of computers，people expected to get more things done[8]efficientlyeq \o(○,\s\up3(41)).During the Cold War，a “huge network” of computers was proposedeq \o(○,\s\up3(42))by two American scientists.With computers talking to one another，[9] it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other.By the end of the 1960s，some mini­networks were established，but only a few computers could connect to them.In 1990，Tim Berners­Lee invented the World Wide Web，which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other.Nowadays，life without the Internet for most people is unimaginableeq \o(○,\s\up3(43)). [7]此处so...that“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句。该结果状语从句中又包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句。 [8]此处含有“get sth done”结构，意为“使某事被做”。 [9]此处with复合结构，其中现在分词作补语，补充说明computer。 These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated toeq \o(○,\s\up3(44))improving the qualityeq \o(○,\s\up3(45)) of human life on Earth.Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”，with all the different countries linked in the chain ofeq \o(○,\s\up3(46))common interests.There is no doubt about it.[10] Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned[11]，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place. [10]There is no doubt about/that ...毫无疑问…… [11]whether lucky or planned是一个省略句，补全为whether it was lucky or it was planned。 语料积累 ①scientific adj.科学(上)的 ②not to mention 更不必说；不必提及 ③range from...to...从……到……不等 ④microscope n.显微镜 ⑤donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献 donation n.捐赠物，捐赠 ⑥with the introduction of...随着……的引入 ⑦correspond vi.通信 correspondence n.信件，信函；通信 ⑧instant adj.立刻的，马上的 ⑨launch v.发射；发动，发起，开始从事 ⑩satellite n.人造卫星；卫星 ⑪orbit n.轨道 vi.& vt.沿轨道运行 ⑫split vi & vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分) ⑬particle n.粒子，质点 ⑭single out挑选出，选拔出 ⑮premier adj.最好的；最重要的 ⑯outspoken adj.坦率的，直言不讳的 ⑰subsequently adv.后来，随后 ⑱relativity n.相对性 ⑲constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的n.常量，恒量 ⑳finding n.研究的结果；发现 eq \o(○,\s\up1(21))biologist n.生物学家 eq \o(○,\s\up1(22))double­check vt.将……仔细检查，复核 eq \o(○,\s\up1(23))mould n.霉，霉菌 eq \o(○,\s\up1(24))penicillin n.青霉素，盘尼西林 eq \o(○,\s\up1(25))perceive v.察觉，注意到，发觉 eq \o(○,\s\up1(26))mass­produced adj.大量生产的，大批生产的 eq \o(○,\s\up1(27))million num.百万 eq \o(○,\s\up1(28))humble adj.谦虚的，谦卑的 eq \o(○,\s\up1(29))outcome n.结果，后果 eq \o(○,\s\up1(30))navy n.海军 eq \o(○,\s\up1(31))accuracy n.准确性；精准度；正确，准确 eq \o(○,\s\up1(32))missile n.导弹，飞弹 eq \o(○,\s\up1(33))turn to求助于 eq \o(○,\s\up1(34))physicist n.物理学家 eq \o(○,\s\up1(35))deal with 处理；涉及；做生意 eq \o(○,\s\up1(36))joint adj.联合的，共同的，共有的 eq \o(○,\s\up1(37))nothing like一点儿也不像 eq \o(○,\s\up1(38))tube n.圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管 eq \o(○,\s\up1(39))circuit n.电路，线路；环形道路 eq \o(○,\s\up1(40))go out 出去；熄灭；过时 eq \o(○,\s\up1(41))efficiently adv.有效率地，高效能地 eq \o(○,\s\up1(42))propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等) eq \o(○,\s\up1(43))unimaginable adj.不可思议的；难以想像的 eq \o(○,\s\up1(44))be dedicated to doing致力于做 eq \o(○,\s\up1(45))quality n.质量，品质，性质 quantity n.数量 eq \o(○,\s\up1(46))in the chain of在……链条中 课文译文 科学突破 如果必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项，这可不是件容易的事。在仅仅100年中，世界就完全变样了。医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，施行手术，到用捐赠的器官做器官移植。移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子，在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。 尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。例如以下几位。 20世纪最杰出的科学家，爱因斯坦是其一。1905年夏天，这个坦率的年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时，突然受到启发。于是，“E＝mc2”诞生了。它证明了一小块物质可以产生巨大的能量。爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。 1929年，另一项重要的发现由生物学家亚历山大·弗莱明发现了。在去度假之前，弗莱明在实验室里放了一个培养细菌的器皿。回来时，他注意到器皿里有点儿奇怪。经过反复检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。数年后，青霉素开始大量生产，帮助挽救了数百万人的生命。弗莱明对他这一惊人的发现态度谦虚，他说：“是大自然制造了青霉素，我只是发现了它。” 第二次世界大战期间，正当弗莱明的发现首次用来帮助治愈疾病时，美国海军正在寻找提高导弹精度的方法。海军求助于工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利，两人共同制造一台机器来完成这项工作。尽管机器在1946年战争结束后才制造出来，但仍产生了巨大影响。这台巨大的机器是世界上第一台计算机，但是与今天的计算机完全不同。它长100英尺，高10英尺，重30 000多公斤。它有18 000个显像管，数千条电路和6 000个开关，耗电量异常巨大，以至于当它启动的时候，当地所有的灯都熄灭了！ 随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。计算机能互换信息，可使政府领导人相互沟通。到20 世纪60 年代末，一些小型网络已经建立起来，但只有少数计算机可以接入。1990 年，蒂姆·伯纳·李发明了万维网，使世界各地的计算机能够相互通信。如今，对大多数人来说，没有互联网的生活是难以想象的。 这些20 世纪的先驱都致力于改善地球上人类的生活质量。不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。毫无疑问，如果没有这些先驱取得的科学突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的这个世界将会是一个完全不同的地方。 Ⅰ.重点单词 ◎核心单词 1．　launch　vt. 发射；发动，发起，开始从事 2．　split　vi.&vt. 分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分) 3．　outspoken　adj. 坦率的，直言不讳的 4．　perceive　vt. 察觉，注意到，发觉 5．　million　num.百万 6．　humble　adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的 7．　outcome　n.结果，后果 8．　physicist　n.物理学家 9．　joint　adj. 联合的，共同的，共有的 ◎拓展单词 10．　productive　adj.多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的→product n.产品；结果；作品→production n.成果；产品；生产；作品 11．　scientific　adj.科学(上)的→science n.科学；技术；学科；理科→scientist n.科学家 12．　donate　vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献→donation n.捐款，捐赠物；捐赠→donator n.捐赠者；供者；赠送人 13．　correspond　vi.通信→correspondence n.通信；一致；相当 14．　instant　adj.立刻的，马上的→instantly adv.立即地；马上地；即刻地conj.一……就…… 15．　subsequently　adv.后来，随后→subsequent adj.随后的 16．　relativity　n.相对性→relate vt.叙述；使……有联系→relative adj.相对的；有关系的；成比例的n.亲戚；相关物→relation n.关系；叙述；故事；亲属关系→relationship n.关系 17．　constant　adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的n.常量，恒量→constantly adv.不断地；时常地 18．　accuracy　n.准确性；精准度；正确，准确→accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地，准确地 19．　efficiently　adv.有效率地，高效能地→efficient adj.有效率的；有能力的；生效的→efficiency n.效率；效能；功效 20．　propose　vt.提出(某观点、方法等)→proposal n.提议，建议;求婚 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．　single out　单独挑出 2．　with the introduction of...　随着……的引进 3．　deal with　处理；涉及；做生意 4．　turn on　打开；发动；攻击 5．　with the development of...　随着……发展 6．　one another　彼此，互相 7．　be dedicated to　奉献；从事于；献身于 8．　figure out　算出；弄明白 9．　not to mention　更不用说，且不说 10．　range from ...to ...　在……范围内变化 11．　come back　回来；记起；恢复原状，重新流行 12．　turn to　转向；变成；求助于；致力于；开始行动 13．　nothing like　没有什么能比得上；一点也不像 14．　go out　出去；熄灭；过时 15．　in the chain of　在……链中 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．be doing...when...……正……这时/那时突然…… In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man　was rocking his one­year­old baby when　he was suddenly inspired. 1905年夏天，这个坦率的年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时，突然受到了启发。 2．without引导委婉虚拟条件句 Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology　，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would have been a completely different place. 毫无疑问，如果没有这些先驱取得的科学突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的这个世界将会是一个完全不同的地方。 3．the way(that/in which)...……的方式 ...and　the way we correspond　went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. ……我们通信的方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。 4．“介词＋which”引导定语从句 He double­checked and saw a blue mould in the dish　around which the bacteria had been destroyed　. 他仔细检查了一遍，发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。 5．There is no doubt about...毫无疑问…… There is no doubt about　it. 这是毫无疑问的。 Ⅰ.Read carefully and choose the best answer. 1．Why would people have a real dilemma，if they had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century? A．Because different people have different ideas and it's difficult to choose. B．Because there were no great discoveries in the 20th century. C．Because there was no common standard to judge. D．Because so many amazing discoveries were made in medicine，communications，transport and many other fields，and they all had a great influence on the world. 2．How did Einstein think of the equation “E＝mc2”？ A．When he was at work. B．His assistant helped him. C．When he was rocking his one­year­old baby，he was inspired. D．His dream inspired him. 3．Whose discovery can be used to save people's lives according to the text? A．Alexander Fleming's. B．Edwin Hubble's. C．Albert Einstein's. D．Eckert and Mauchly's. 4．What's the original purpose of designing the first computer? A．To do some difficult experiments. B．To improve the accuracy of the missiles. C．To help people make mathematics calculations. D．To replace the missiles，becoming a new weapon. 5．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Education. B．History. C．Science. D．Entertainment. 答案　1—5　DCABC Ⅱ.Read the passage again and fill in the blanks. Introduction In the 20th century，the world has changed completely. 1.　Amazing discoveries　were made in medicine，communications and transport，not to mention our knowledge of the world and space. Pioneers Albert Einstein He discovered “E＝mc2”．He then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time，mass or length are constant — they change according to our experience of them. Alexander Fleming He discovered penicillin which he 2.　perceived　could be used to kill bacteria.A few years later，penicillin was being mass­produced and helping 3.　to save the lives of millions　.Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery. Pioneers Eckert and Mauchly They produced the world's first computer which 4.　measured　100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30，000 kilograms.With 18，000 tubes，thousands of circuits and 6，000 switches，it used so much energy that when it 5.　was turned on　，the lights in the local town went out！ Pioneers Two American scientists They 6.　proposed　the idea “huge network”.7.　With computers talking to one another　，it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other. Tim Berners­Lee In 1990，Tim Berners­Lee invented 8.　the World Wide Web　，which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other. Conclusion These pioneers 9.　were all dedicated to　improving the quality of human life，and the world has been transformed into a “global village”．Without their 10.　breakthroughs　，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place. Ⅲ.教材对接高考：续写微技能——事物特征描写 阅读课文中含有事物特征描写的语句 1．This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin，which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria. 2．This huge machine was the world's first computer，but it was nothing like our computers today. 3．It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30，000 kilograms. [重点词汇] [经典佳句]　According to estimates，the global population of Fin Whale ranges from below 100，000 to around 119，000. 据估计，长须鲸的全球种群数量从不到 100 000 只到大约 119 000 只不等。 range n.一系列；范围，界限vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化 range between A to/and　B在A和B之间变动 a wide/full range of＝a variety of　各种各样的 in/within the/one's range (of ...)　在……可及的范围内 out of/beyond the/one's range (of ...)　超出(……的)范围 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/词汇升级 ①The national park has a large collection of wildlife，　ranging　(range) from butterflies to elephants. ②If we aren't　within/in　the range of the signal，our phones can't be used. ③The price was　beyond　our range，so we declined. ④In addition to these traditional activities，we have many different choices such as traveling and visiting our relatives or friends. →In addition to these traditional activities，we have　a wide range of　choices such as traveling and visiting our relatives or friends. [经典佳句]　I would appreciate it if you could donate some money to help set up the reserve. 如果你能捐款帮助建保护区的话，我将不胜感激。 donation n.　捐款，赠送，捐赠(物) donator n.　捐赠者 donate sth to ...　把某物捐献给…… collect donations for ...　为……募捐 make/give/present a donation to　给……捐赠 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①The work of the charity is funded by voluntary　donations　(donate). ②All　donated　(donate) blood is tested for HIV and other infections. ③Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops　are donated　(donate) by the public. ④Besides，we donated 120，000 yuan to you，expecting that it can help you get through the difficulties. →Besides，we　made a donation of　120，000 yuan to you，expecting that it can help you get through the difficulties. [经典佳句]　Actually，all of us desire to achieve success，but sometimes our actions don't correspond to/with what we desire. 实际上，我们都渴望成功，但有时我们的行动和我们的欲望不相符。 (1)correspond with sb　和某人通信 correspond to/with sth　与某物相一致 (2)correspondence n.　相符，一致；和……有通信联系 in correspondence with　与……一致；与……有通信联系 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The marks on the products don't correspond　with/to　the goods I purchased on the Internet. ②What she just said isn't in　correspondence　(correspond) with the views of the majority. ③When corresponding　with　your foreign friends，you should give them your detailed address. ④她仍与9年前结识的朋友们通信。 a．She　still corresponds with　friends she met nine years ago. (correspond) b．She　is still in correspondence with　friends she met nine years ago. (correspondence) correspond为不及物动词，若表示“与……一致或相符”，其后可接介词to或with；若表示“与……相当或相等”，其后只接介词to，不接with；若表示“与……通信”，其后只接with，不接to。 [经典佳句]　Once published，the novel was an instant success and was soon translated into nine foreign languages. 一经出版，这部小说就立即获得成功，不久就被翻译成九种语言。 in an instant　立刻；马上 for an instant　一会儿 instant coffee　速溶咖啡 instant noodles　方便面 the instant/instantly　一……就…… [即学活用] 完成句子/一句多译 ①Jim burst into tears　instantly/the instant he was declared the winner　of the singing competition.(读后续写之情绪描写) 一宣布吉姆为歌唱比赛的获胜者，他就哭了起来。 ②Please send me an email　the instant/instantly　you reach Yunnan. 请你一到云南就给我发封电子邮件。 ③让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。 a．Much to my surprise，she burst into tears　instantly　she read the letter. b．Much to my surprise，she burst into tears　the instant　she read the letter. [经典佳句]　If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to your friends and teachers until you figure it out. 如果你不了解某事物，你可以研究、学习、与你的朋友和老师探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。 figure n.　数字；人物；体形；图形；人影v.认为，以为 figure on/upon　指望；计划 figure that　认为…… keep one's figure　保持体形/身材 [即学活用]　一词多义/完成句子 ①He is an important political figure in Indian history.　人物　 ②The wall is covered with figures of birds and flowers.　图形　 ③I will exercise more to keep my figure.　体形　 ④Add all the figures，and you'll get a larger one.　数字　 ⑤I couldn't　figure out　how she managed to　keep her figure　.She　figured　that taking exercise was the best way to lose weight. 我弄不明白她是怎样保持身材的。她认为锻炼是最好的减肥方法。 [经典佳句]　Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens，split between watching television and using the Internet. 今天的孩子平均每天花四个半小时看屏幕，主要是看电视和上网。 split up　分裂，分离 split off (from sth)　(使)脱离，分裂出去，分离 split on sb (to sb)　(向……)告发，揭发 split sth (between sb/sth)　分担；分摊；分享 split (sth) (into sth)　分开，使分开(成为几个部分) [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Research suggests that children whose parents split　up　are more likely to drop out of high school. ②A rebel faction has split away　from　the main group. ③Don't worry—he won't split　on　us. ④She　split the class into　groups of four. 她把全班学生分成四人一组。 [经典佳句]　Some people propose a suggestion that smoking should be banned in all public places. 一些人提出在所有公共场合禁止吸烟的建议。 propose that sb(should)do sth　建议/提议某人做某事 It is proposed that...　有人提议…… propose doing sth　建议做某事 propose to do sth　打算做某事 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①　It　is proposed that Lucy give a performance at the party. ②He proposed that　we(should) have another discussion　(我们再讨论一次). [经典佳句]　The most honorable thing that I can do is to be dedicated to my country and strive for my ideal. 能够献身于自己祖国的事业，为实现理想而奋斗，这是我能做的最光荣不过的事情了。 (1)dedicate vt.　致力于，献身于 dedicate oneself to (doing) sth　致力于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事 (2)dedicated adj.　献身的；专心致志的；一心一意的 (3)dedication n.　献身，奉献 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Zhong Nanshan felt that medicine was the most important cause that he could dedicate himself　to　. ②The teacher's　dedication　(dedicate) to teaching gained the respect of all his students. ③China will continue to be dedicated to　promoting　(promote) international cooperation in this area. ④五十多年来，樊锦诗一直致力于保护和研究敦煌石窟。 a．Fan Jinshi　has dedicated herself to　protecting and researching the Dunhuang Caves for more than fifty years. b．Fan Jinshi　has been dedicated to　protecting and researching the Dunhuang Caves for more than fifty years. [重点句型] 此事毋庸置疑。 [句式分析] There is no doubt about ...意为“……毫无疑问”。 (1)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether(不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。 (2)动词doubt在肯定句中，后多跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定/疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I have no doubt　that　he will come on time. ②I doubted　whether/if　my parents would agree that I had the right to manage my earnings. ③There is some doubt　whether 　I can inspire him to study hard to achieve his goal. ④　There is no doubt that I gained numerous knowledge on plants　and have become interested in them through this meaningful activity. 毫无疑问，通过这次有意义的活动，我获得了许多关于植物的知识，并对它们产生了兴趣。 毫无疑问，如果没有这些先驱取得的科学突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的这个世界将会是一个完全不同的地方。 [句式分析] 本句为含蓄虚拟条件句，without短语表示含蓄虚拟条件。 (1)有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，不出现条件句，而是以介词短语、并列句、副词或非谓语动词的形式出现。这种句子我们称其为“含蓄条件句”。 (2)常见介词短语有without ...“没有……”；but for ...“要不是……”；常用连词有but“但是”；常用副词有otherwise“否则的话”等。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①　Without　electricity，the world would be dark. ②I might have given you more help，　but　I was too busy. ③If it hadn't been for your advice，I wouldn't have made such great progress. →　But for　your advice，I wouldn't have made such great progress. ④If you don't spend time with happy people，your health could suffer. →Spend time with happy people，　otherwise　your health could suffer. ⑤I couldn't have finished the work so soon without your help. →　I couldn't have finished the work so soon if you hadn't helped me. (用if从句改写) → I couldn't have finished the work so soon if it hadn't been for your help.　 (用if it had not been for改写) →　I couldn't have finished the work so soon but for your help.　 (用but for改写) Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．　launch an attack　发起攻击 2．　split neatly into two groups　恰巧分成两类 3．　an outspoken opponent of the leader　一个直言不讳反对领导的人 4．　perceive a change in his behaviour　注意到他举止有些改变 5．　tens of millions of dollars　数千万美元 6．　a man of humble birth　出身低微的人 7．　the final outcome of the negotiations　谈判的最终结果 8．　a joint account　联合账户 9．　a nuclear physicist　核物理学家 10．　the main findings of the survey　调查的主要结果 11．　an evolutionary biologist 　进化生物学家 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．You need to know that every time you　donate　(捐赠)clothes，books or toys to a charity shop，you are helping people. 2．I used to　correspond　(通信) with my friends by letters while now the Internet is more convenient. 3．It can provide students with　instant　(立刻的) feedback，including reports about their strengths and weaknesses. 4．After a few years of　constant　(持续不断的) writing practice，my hard work eventually paid off. 5．Researchers served a nine­item lunch to 44 participants who were　split　(分成) into two groups. 6．　Without your selfless assistance　，we couldn't have taken the doctors and nurses to the earthquake­stricken area last week. 没有你的无私帮助，我们上周就不可能把医生和护士送到地震灾区。 7．　There is no doubt about　her suitability for the job. 毫无疑问，她适合这份工作。 $$