Unit 12 Section 5(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P41] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．She　overcame　(克服，战胜) her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness. 2.　Cosmology　(宇宙学) is the study of the origin and nature of the universe. 3．If the Chinese people work hard，they can definitely attain this　grand　(宏伟的) strategic objective. 4．The number of tourists to the resort　declined　(减少) by 10% last year. 5．Being able to walk to work is an added　bonus　(意外收获) of the new job. 6．When there is no　gravity　(重力，引力)，our feet no longer stay on the ground. 7．As the war　progressed　(进展，进行)，more and more countries became involved. 8．The Tundra Times，a weekly newspaper in Alaska，　ceased　(停止) publication this week. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．He showed that the technique could　theoretically　(theoretical) be used to measure the size of stars. 2．Because the　organisation　(organise) is a charitable enterprise，it is free from tax worldwide. 3．The Green Party have called for a substantial　reduction　(reduce) in the emission of greenhouse gases by the UK. 4．She wanted to work for a bigger and more　influential　(influence) newspaper. 5．His　argument　(argue) was that public spending must be reduced. 6．The children have been　completely　(complete) out of control since their father left. 7.　Despite　the heavy snow，he managed to come. 8．Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is　on　the decline. 9．Her sudden arrival prevented him　going　(go) out. 10．Not only　are　mothers not paid but also most of their boring work is unnoticed. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．It's　not just　a requirement for some of us，but for all of us. 这不只是对我们中一部分人的要求，而是对我们所有人。 2．Her earliest memory is of singing　at the age of　four to wounded soldiers. 她最早的记忆是在4岁时为受伤的士兵唱歌。 3．Raw meat　must be separated from　cooked meat. 生肉和熟肉必须分开存放。 4．He made one big mistake，and，　as a result　，lost his job. 他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。 5．The drought　has led to　widespread loss of life. 旱灾导致了许多人的死亡。 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 On 14 March，2018，one of the world's most 1.　influential　(influence) scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home.He was famous not only for his great achievements but for 2.　overcoming　(overcome) the challenges of ALS.When Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge，he was diagnosed 3.　with　ALS，who was only expected 4.　to live　(live) for a few years.In the 5.　following　(follow) years，his illness got worse.Although his physical 6.　abilities　(ability) declined，he never 7.　ceased　(cease) his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.In his books，as well as at the opening of the London 2012 Olympics，Hawking encouraged us to be 8.　curious　(curiosity) about the world. In spite of his disease，Hawking didn't consider himself unlucky.In his opinion，ever since 21，everything has been 9.　a　bonus to him.And he believed this was because of the help 10.　that/which　he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·玉溪高二下期末) Creative Travel Guide With impressive museums，trendy fashion，and incredible innovations，Stockholm is a city you must go. Best Time to Travel The best time to visit Stockholm is from July to September when the temperatures are the warmest and you can enjoy long sunny days.However，hotel prices are at their highest at this time too.Visiting at the beginning of June can give you better hotel prices.While at the end of September offers plenty of light，but the temperature does begin to drop slightly. Transportation As the biggest city in Sweden，Stockholm is a transportation hub for the region，meaning that there are plenty of national and international connections to the city.You could choose to fly to one of the two airports that aren't too far from the city with Stockholm Orlando Airport being the biggest airport in the country. Flights are available from across Europe，Asia，and the Middle East.From the airport，you can take a bus or commuter train into the city center. Getting Around Stockholm has an excellent public transport system that is made up of several bus lines，commuter rails，trams metros，and ferries covering the majority of the city efficiently.Many people choose to cycle around Stockholm as the city has plenty of bike lanes and paths to get around.You can get yourself a Go City Stockholm card offering free entry to over 60 top attractions.You could also choose to take a taxi but it is expensive.So try to avoid if possible. Food and Board Hostel dorm prices can be found for under 350 Krona while budget Hotels begin at 2，000，and four­ or five­star hotels can be found for around 4，000 Krona.Breakfast costs around 50 Krona and lunch begins at 120，while dinner starts at around 200 Krona. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章是前往斯德哥尔摩游览的旅游指南。 1．When will you get cheaper hotel prices? A．In July. B．At the beginning of June. C．In August. D．At the end of September. 解析　细节理解题。根据Best Time to Travel中“Visiting at the beginning of June can give you better hotel prices.(在六月初旅游，旅馆的价格会比较优惠。)”可知，六月初来的话，旅馆的价格会便宜一些。故选B。 答案　B 2．Which part will be helpful if accommodation is needed? A．Best Time to Travel. B．Transportation. C．Getting Around. D．Food and Board. 解析　细节理解题。根据Food and Board的内容(旅馆宿舍的价格在350克朗以下，经济型酒店2 000克朗起，四星级或五星级酒店4 000克朗左右。早餐约50克朗，午餐120克朗起，晚餐约200克朗起。)可知，这部分介绍了旅馆的食宿信息，所以如果需要住宿，这部分会有帮助。故选D。 答案　D 3．In which column of a newspaper will you find the text? A．Entertainment. B．Technology. C．Travel. D．History. 解析　推理判断题。根据标题“Creative Travel Guide(创意旅游指南)”可知，本文是一则旅游指南，所以能在旅游专栏找到。故选C。 答案　C B (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro­Fam (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically，it's a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored.Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre­seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover，having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single­use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment，”said a BMF employee. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一家旨在为人们提供新鲜食材的BMF公司。 4．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A．It guarantees the variety of food. B．It requires day­to­day care. C．It cuts the farm­to­table distance. D．It relies on farmer's markets. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.”和“Babylon Micro­Farm(BMF) shortens it even more.”可知，大部分商店的农产品要经历几周的运输并跨越很长距离才能到达人们的餐桌。BMF公司大大缩短了这一过程。末句中的“it”代指前文的“journey”，并和选项 C 中的“distance”构成同义词替换，故选C。 5．What information does the convenient app offer? A．Real­time weather changes. B．Current condition of the plants. C．Chemical pollutants in the soil. D．Availability of pre­seeded pods. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time”可知，有一个便捷的应用程序实时提供(植物的)生长数据，这和B项的意思契合。故选B。 6．What can be concluded about BMF employees? A．They have a great passion for sports. B．They are devoted to community service. C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D．They have a strong environmental awareness. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据文章末段中对BMF 公司员工的生活和工作情况的描述以及BMF 员工的自述“We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment”可知，BMF员工们在日常生活中践行可持续发展，大约半数的员工走路或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶数量及避免使用一次性塑料的方式鼓励回收利用及减少废物。他们都热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学物质。据此可以推断：BMF公司的员工有着强烈的环保意识，故选D。 7．What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management. C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards. 解析　A　文章主旨大意题。文章首段介绍BMF公司缩短了食物到餐桌的运输过程，接着第二至四段介绍了BMF的创新设计系统及其优势，最后一段介绍了BMF员工在生活和工作中践行可持续发展。综上所述，文章从各个方面凸显了 BMF的优势。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·宁德高二下期末)In today's rapidly evolving information age，Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a vital role in our lives，particularly in the field of education. 1 And that will help us better adapt to future trends in language education. Traditional teaching models usually require all students to follow the same learning plan，often overlooking individual needs，while AI technology can adjust instructional content based on the learner's ability. 2 Therefore，this approach can greatly improve learning outcomes. 3 Timely feedback is crucial for correcting mistakes and reinforcing understanding during the learning process.AI systems can instantly point out errors and offer suggestions for improvement.This rapid feedback mechanism is highly effective in enhancing learners' language skills. AI technology makes English learning more interactive and fun.AI­assisted teaching tools，such as Virtual Reality (VR) technology，help to create real life settings. 4 They can immerse (沉浸) themselves in an environment where they communicate entirely in English. The application of AI in English learning is not limited to enhancing specific skills like speaking. 5 By providing more diverse and in­depth reading materials and targeted writing guidance through the analysis of vast text data，AI helps learners improve their abilities in all aspects of language. In conclusion，learning English with AI enhances learning efficiency.With the advancement of technology，we look forward to seeing more innovative learning tools emerge，helping people better learn and use English. A．It offers a personalized learning experience. B．Learners can get engaged in them to practice their oral English. C．AI can also be applied in English learning to provide continuous feedback. D．This article will explore how AI technology helps to learn English efficiently. E.It can help learners improve reading comprehension and writing skills as well. F．This article will discuss the potential of AI technology in language education. G．Another significant application of AI in English learning is providing immediate response. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文阐述了人工智能在英语教育中的应用，包括个性化学习、即时反馈、互动实践及综合技能提升，展现了AI助力高效语言学习的潜力。 1．解析　文章开头提到 “Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a vital role in our lives，particularly in the field of education.(人工智能在我们的生活中扮演着至关重要的角色，特别是在教育领域。)”人工智能在生活中特别是在教育领域扮演着至关重要的角色，D选项(本文将探讨人工智能技术如何帮助有效地学习英语。)明确指出文章主题是关于人工智能技术如何促进英语学习效率的提升，并且D选项中的“how AI technology helps to learn English efficiently”既和上文中的“the field of education”相对应，也和下文的“language education”吻合。故选D。 答案　D 2．解析　上文 “while AI technology can adjust instructional content based on the learner's ability.(而人工智能技术可以根据学习者的能力调整教学内容。)”提到人工智能技术可以根据学习者的能力调整教学内容，选项A(它提供一种个性化的学习体验。)提到人工智能技术能够提供个性化的学习体验，与上文提到的人工智能技术能适应学生个体差异相呼应。故选A。 答案　A 3．解析　从下文的“Timely feedback is crucial for correcting mistakes and reinforcing understanding during the learning process.(及时反馈对于纠正错误和加强理解过程中的学习至关重要。)”可知，及时反馈在语言学习中很重要。选项G(英语学习中人工智能的另一个重要应用是提供即时响应。)引出下文对即时反馈在学习过程中的重要性的讨论，强调了人工智能技术能够立即给出反馈的优势。并且，G选项中的“providing immediate response”也和下文的“Timely feedback”吻合。故选G。 答案　G 4．解析　上文提到“AI technology makes English learning more interactive and fun.AI­assisted teaching tools，such as Virtual Reality (VR) technology，help to create real life settings.(人工智能技术使英语学习更具互动性和趣味性。AI辅助教学工具，如虚拟现实(VR)技术，有助于创造真实的生活场景。)”人工智能技术使英语学习更具互动性和趣味性，选项B(学习者可以参与其中练习他们的英语口语。)解释了AI辅助工具如VR技术如何帮助学习者在模拟的真实环境中练习英语口语，符合上文描述的增强互动性和实践机会的情境。故选B。 答案　B 5．解析　上文提到“The application of AI in English learning is not limited to enhancing specific skills like speaking.(人工智能在英语学习中的应用并不局限于提高口语等特定技能。)”人工智能在英语学习中的应用并不局限于提高口语，下文提到“AI helps learners improve their abilities in all aspects of language.(AI帮助学习者在语言的所有方面提高能力。)”人工智能可在所有方面帮助学习者提高能力，而选项E(它还可以帮助学习者提高阅读理解和写作技能)的内容正好可以承上启下，从口语转向阅读和写作技能的提升，与下文描述的人工智能如何全面促进语言能力相吻合。故选E。 答案　E Ⅲ.语法填空 Robotic Age Draws Closer These days，robots are 1. (common) than you might think.Consider the Roomba，2. robotic vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) which cleans floors on its own. “We wanted to make something simple 3. people could use every day，” says Greiner，cofounder of iRobot，the company that makes the smart vacuum cleaner.“And that's what inspired us to build the Roomba.” Some robots like the Roomba are already very common in many US households. iRobot makes everything from the Roomba to robots that someday might become a part of us. “You can have robotics 4. (equip) into your body，to get back that arm or leg that you've lost，either in some accident or disease，” says Greiner. Although robots have been developed mainly for military 5. (apply)，civilian uses for the technology are growing，according to Michael Toscano，president of the Association for Unmanned (自控的) Vehicle Systems International. “Unmanned systems allow human beings to do their tasks 6. an extension of their hands，their eyes and their ears.” “We can put them in the ocean and they 7. (swim) for eight or nine months，collecting data and monitoring ocean pollution，” says Hudson of iRobot. Recently the US government's Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) displayed a “robotic man”． Instead of depending on the remote control，DARPA's “robotic man” can 8. (actual) look at some blocks，find one with a special pattern，and move it to a new location.Mandelbaum，DARPA's project manager，says more 9. (challenge) tasks lie ahead. Someday，a DARPA robot might find a hidden bomb or help a disabled person select a shirt and button 10. ． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了机器人的使用在人们生活中越来越普遍，并介绍了一些在未来机器人可能会帮人类完成的具有挑战性的任务。 1．解析　考查形容词的比较级。根据空后“than you might think”可知，空格处用形容词的比较级，表示“更普遍”。故填more common。 答案　more common 2．解析　考查冠词。根据空后“robotic vacuum cleaner”可知，此处表示“一种机器人真空吸尘器”，为泛指，且robotic的读音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 答案　a 3．解析　考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词something，指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导。故填that。 答案　that 4．解析　考查非谓语动词。固定短语have sth done表示“让某事被做”，所以空格处用动词­ed形式作宾语补足语，表示被动。故填equipped。 答案　equipped 5．解析　考查名词。句意：国际无人车辆系统协会主席迈克尔·托斯卡诺表示，尽管机器人的开发主要是为了军事用途，但该技术的民用用途正在增长。此处意为“军事用途”，作介词for的宾语，所以用apply的名词形式application，要用名词复数。故填applications。 答案　applications 6．解析　考查介词。固定短语with an extension of表示“通过……的延伸”，所以用介词with。故填with。 答案　with 7．解析　考查动词的时态。表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填will swim。 答案　will swim 8．解析　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式。故填actually。 答案　actually 9．解析　考查形容词。修饰名词tasks应用形容词challenging，意为“具有挑战性的”。故填challenging。 答案　challenging 10．解析　考查代词。此处表示“为衬衫扣扣子”，应用代词it指代前面出现过的单数名词a shirt，故填it。 答案　it 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$