基础必备 选择性必修第四册 UNIT 12 INNOVATION（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（北师大版）

基础必备 UNIT 12 主题语境人与社会 创新 INNOVATION 词块背诵 佳句赏析 1.improve the well-being of human life 1.Innovation is found something which the ancient 提高人类生活的幸福指数 people did not find in your life. 2.discover the mysteries of the universe 发现宇宙的奥秘 创新就是在生活中发现了古人没有发现的东西。 3.environmental protection device 2.If you try to change something,first of all you 环境保护装置 should accept many things. 4.launch satellites into orbit 把卫星送入轨道 如果试图改变一些东西，首先应该接受许多东西。 5.choose the most important discovery 3.Genius of the main mark is not perfect but creation, 选择最重要的发现 days to create a new situation. 6.produce an unbelievable amount of energy 产生令人难以置信的能量 天才的主要标记不是完美而是创造，天才能开创新 7.communicate with each other 的局面。 相互沟通 4.A man with a genius of genius,is not to follow the 8.have a flash of insights normal way of thinking. 有一闪而过的见解 9.write a simpler version 一个具有天才的禀赋的人，绝不遵循常人的思维 编写更简单的版本 途径。 聚焦层级突破 对应学生P224 聚焦核心要点落实 第一板块 (3)The donator (donate)donated lots of money to -DIYIBANKUAI- 单词点拔台 charity,hoping his donation donate)can make [核心单词] the world a better place to live in. 1.donate v.捐献，捐赠 [教材原句]Medical advances ranged from discove- [金句]—句型转换 ring the causes of diseases under microscopes to (4)Would you like to donate something to our chari- staging operations to replace diseased organs with ty cause? donated ones. >Would you like to make a donation to our 医学的进步，囊括了从显微镜下发现疾病的根源，到 用捐献的器官代替患病的器官手术。 charity cause? ①donate..to.. 把…捐赠给… 2.decline vi.减少，降低 donate blood/organs 献血/捐器官 [教材原句]Although Hawking's physical abilities ②donation [C]捐赠物[U刀捐赠；赠送 declined over decades,he never ceased his studies make a donation/donations to... 向…捐赠 and he developed a number of new ideas about black ③donator n. 捐赠者 ④donated adj: holes. 捐赠的 [练通]一单句语法填空 尽管霍金的身体能力在过去的数十年间下降了，他从 (1)All the teachers and schoolmates donate blood to 来没有停止研究，发展了很多关于黑洞的新观点。 the nation annually. ①be in decline 处于下降、衰退中 (2)(2025·全国-卷)We had decided on key items on the decline 在下坡路上；在衰退（减少） for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated (donate)what we could,and rented a ②decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事 place to store our supposedly important objects. decline by/to 下降了/到… ·190· 基础必备选择性必修第四册 [练通]一单句语法填空 4.availability n.可能性 (1)The number of trees larger than two feet across [教材原句]With this came new types of jobs and has declined by/to 50 percent on more than the availability of new products at lower costs. 46,000 square miles of California forests,the new 随着这个（指前面提到的工业革命）的到来，各种新型 study finds. 的工作以及更低成本的新产品也出现了。 (2)Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share ①available adj. 可利用的 (share)food with their children,who are able available for 可用于…的；对…有效的 from a young age to gather their own food. (3)As the economy was in decline,some people in available on 仅在…有效 the town had lost their jobs. available from 可向…购买 (4)(2025·全国一卷)While safety improvements available resources 可用的资源 might have been made to our streets in recent ②avail n. 利用 years,transport studies also show declines(de- without avail 无用，徒劳地 cline)in pedestrian()mobility,especially [练通]一单句语法填空 among young children. (1)All the holidays on offer are subject to availabili- [金句]一完成句子 ty(available). (5)The number of people who run the red light has (2)(2025·浙江1月卷)The food you have available been on the decline since the new traffic regula- (avail)makes a huge difference. tions came into effect. 自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下 (3)It is important to how to manage the warehouse 降了。 product availably (available)to business enter- 3.improvement n.改善，改进；改进之处 prise. [教材原句]This was a great improvement on the [金句]—完成句子 Newcomen steam engine,which was commonly used (4)(2024·新课标I卷)Digital texts,audio and vid- at the time. eo all have educational roles,especially when 这对牛克门蒸汽机是一个极大的改进，这种蒸汽机在 providing resources not available in print. 那个时候被广泛使用着。 数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在 improved adj. 改良的；改进过的 提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。 improving adj. 有启发的；有教育意义的 [间考词汇] improvable adj. l.wel-being n.健康，幸福，舒适 可改良的；可利用的；可改善的：可更好的 ●教师专用 improver n. 改进者；改善者；改良物 由w©l为前缀构成的单词比较常见，不过，其后面 improve vi 增加；变得更好 一般用的是动词过去分词构成合成词。 vt. 改善，增进：提高…的价值 well-known 闻名的 [练通]一单句语法填空 well-prepared 准备充分的 (1)An improvement (improve)in living standards well-done 做得好的 could be years away... well-received 受到欢迎的；受到款待的 (2)Investors are growing impatient with promises of well-cared 照顾得好的 improved(improve)earnings. (3)They're researching into ways of improving(im- well-preserved 保存得很好的 prove)people's diet. well-educated 受过良好的教育的 (4)Anything that anyone does at work,from the well-read 博览群书的 most basic task to the most exalted(高水平的)， 完成句子 is an improvable(improve)skill. (l)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Bring along your camera [金句]一完成句子 and enjoy the wonderful views along this well- (5)Her work is showing some signs of improve- surfaced forest path. ment. 带上您的相机，沿着这条路面良好的森林小道欣 她的工作出现了一些改进的迹象。 赏美妙的景色。 191 高考总复习英语(BS) (2)"Brazilians are well-received in these countries," (3)In an instant,he took off his coat and jumped in- says a Brazilian diplomat serving in West Africa. to the water. “巴西人在这些国家很受欢迎”，一位在非洲西部 (4)Instantly(instant)he comes back,call me please. 工作的巴西外交官说。 (3)But these young people must be well-prepared in (5)The rise of food delivery has also played a role in order to create and find good jobs. the declining fortunes of the instant noodle in- 但是，必须使这些年轻人做好准备，才能创造和找 dustry. 到好的工作。 外卖服务的兴起在一定程度上导致了方便面行业 (4)It is the largest and best-preserved complex of 的衰落 palaces in China,as well as the largest group of 3.emerge vi.出现，浮现 palaces in the world. 它是中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑 教师专用 群，也是世界上最大的宫殿群。 :①emerging market 新兴市场 (5)(2025·北京卷)It is a well--known fact,especial- :emerging economies 新兴经济 ly in my school,that Junior year is the time of emerging industry 新兴产业；新兴行业 packing many AP classes into the schedule. 这是一个众所周知的事实，尤其是在我的学校，大 Oemergencen. 出现，浮现 三是把许多AP课程塞进日程表的时候。 单句语法填空/完成句子 2.instant adj.立刻的，马上的 (1)Many emerging (emerge)nations got back to ●教师专用 their pre-crisis levels of output in 2009. the instant ……就…… (2)They prefer to wait for the emergence (emerge) for an instant 一瞬间 of a new physics theory of everything. in an instant 立刻，马上 立刻地 (3)Modern linguistics emerged(emerge)as a distinct instantly adv. c0n1. …就… field in the nineteenth century. 单句语法填空/完成句子 (4)Language emerges and develops with the emer- (1)She began to cry the instant she read the letter. gence and development of society. (2)He paused for an instant and went on with his 语言是随着社会的产生而产生，随着社会的发展 work. 而发展的。 主题语境·培优词汇库 1.后缀-ment构成的抽象名词 2.各类科学家 ①entertainment 娱乐节目 ①physicist n. 物理学家 ②development 发展 ②astronomer n. 天文学家 ③disappointment 失望 ③chemist n. 化学家；药剂师 技术专家 ④excitement 兴奋 ④technologist n. ⑤mathematician n. 数学家 ⑤improvement 改善 ⑥biologist n. 生物学家 ⑥treatment 对待 ⑦inventor n. 发明家 ⑦judgment 判断 ⑧geographer n. 地理学家 第二板块 短语、句式精剖析 in charge of 掌管，负责 -DIERBANKUAI in possession of 拥有，占有 1.in spite of虽然，不顾；尽管…（仍…） in control of 管理，控制，操纵 [教材原句]n spite of his disease,Hawking didn't in celebration of 为庆祝 consider himself an unlucky man. in memory of 为了纪念… 尽管他身患疾病，但是霍金并没有认为自己是个不幸 in support of 为支持 的人。 192· 基础必备选择性必修第四册 [练通]一单句语法填空 续表 (1)He was found in possession (possess)of danger- ①在“疑问代词十不定式”结构中，不定式常用 ous drugs (2)(2023·全国乙卷)In spite of the court hearing 注 主动形式表示被动意义。 testimonials(of her ability as a doctor,she ②按英语习惯，疑问词why后面通常不接不 项 was banned from medicine. 定式。但在以why或why not开头的省略疑 (3)The party was in celebration(celebrate)of Mother's 问句中，其后可跟不带to的不定式。 silver wedding. [练通]一单句语法填空 [金句]一完成句子 (4)He went fishing in spite of rain. (1)Li Jiang and Su Hua don't agree on what to wear 尽管下着雨，他还是去钓鱼了。 (wear)when greeting the British students. 2.特殊疑问词十不定式 (2)I learned a lot about how to extend (extend)the [教材原句]We started flying around the world, life of objects and transform them into something launching satellites into orbit and,at the same time, new and useful. scientists figured out how to split the atom. (3)Where to build the bridge has (have)not been 我们开始环游世界，将卫星送入轨道，与此同时，科学 decided yet. 家们想出了如何分裂原子的方法。 [金句]一完成句子 ①“特殊疑问词十不定式”结构在句中可作主 (4)To be honest,I am at a loss what to do next. 用 语、宾语或表语，疑问词包括疑问代词(who, 老实说，我不知道下一步该做什么。 what,which)和疑问副词(when,where, (5)(2025·北京卷)Enjoying all the eyes on me,I 纳 how)。 demonstrated how to open the lock. ②“特殊疑问词十不定式”结构可转换为从句。 我享受着所有人的目光，演示了如何打开锁。 进阶>多维检测 对应学生P228 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] 8.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Availability(available)of ◆[维度1门词形转换 pre-seeded pods. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 9.(2024·北京卷)By learning when to ask for help, 1.We should learn to control these emotions so that I eventually found myself on the way to becoming each day will be productive (product). an independent scientist(science). 2.She has theoretical (theory)knowledge of teach- 10.The jet crashed into a hillside and exploded (ex- ing,but no practical experience. plosion). 3.(2024·全国甲卷)Cats bring gifts(gift)for their [维度2]动词的形式变化和固定用法 owners to show they love you. 在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的 4.He is a stranger in this town,so he's completely 适当形式填空。 clueless(clue)about its history. 1.I hope she'll take money into consideration (con- 5.The breakdown was due to a mechanical (mechan- sider). ic)failure. 6.The Internet is an invention (inventor)that I can- 2.(2024·新课标I卷)For well over a hundred not live without as we use it every day for study, years the most influential (influence)English dic- fun and communication. tionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the 7.Inspiration doesn't emerge coincidentally (coinci- English Language published in 1755. dence).Instead,it comes from the efforts we 3.His reputation as a writer depends more on quan- have been making before. tity than quality. ·193· 高考总复习英语(BS) 4.Unfortunately,there is still no new evidence [维度4]话题作文（邀请邮件） emerging(emerge)during the research. 假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部征集以“中国航 5.After a term,the teacher should give his students 天”为主题的短视频，你打算邀请你校的交换生 a proper evaluation(evaluate)of their study. Thomas一起制作，请给他写一份邮件，内容包括： 6.(2024·全国甲卷)Firstly,shared bicycles have 1.作品要求； emerged (emerge)as a symbol of urban mobility, 2.你对作品的设想。 offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips. 注意：1.根据汉语提示补全作文； 7.(2024·浙江1月卷)She learned excitedly(excite) 2.词数80左右； that with a little creativity and observation,any 3.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 challenge could be overcome. Dear Thomas, 8.One movie is classified as pure art,the other as Learning that you show great interest in pho- entertainment(entertain). tography,1.I'm writing to invite you to shoot a 9.Since the new rules have been in effect,the num- short video(我写信邀请你拍摄一个短视频). ber of robberies in the area is on the decline. 10.I don't want this misunderstanding (misunder- The theme of the video is“China Aerospace”. stand)to come between us. 2.It is supposed to last about 15 minutes(它应该持 [重落实] 续大约l5分钟).I hope the video can vividly show [维度3]课文语法填空 the development of China's space industry,3.which 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) can help the students to gain a better understanding 或括号内单词的正确形式。 of China's space development(可以帮助学生更好地 In the summer of 1905,Einstein 1.was rocking 了解中国的航天发展)and meanwhile deepen their (rock)his baby when he was suddenly inspired. love for China. 2.Subsequently(subsequent),"E=me2"was born. 4.I'm looking forward to your participation and In 1929,another important finding 3.was made (make)by Fleming,who found penicillin 4.by acci- do wish us a success(我期待您的参与，并祝愿我们取 dent.During the Second World War,the US Navy 得成功)！ was looking for ways of 5.improving (improve)the Yours, accuracy of their missiles.Eckert and Mauchly pro- Li Hua duced 6.a machine to deal with the problem, [维度5]读后续写微技能(21)一地理位置 7.which was the world's first computer.With the ●[多样表达] 8.development (develop)of computers,people ex- 1.beach n.海滩 pected to get more things 9.done (do)efficiently.In 1990,Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide 2.stream n.小溪 Web.Nowadays,life without the Internet for most 3.rock n.岩石 people is 10.unimaginable (imagine). 4.mountain n.l ·194· 基础必备选择性必修第四册 5.situate vt.使（某物）位于 3.在这之前，他一直住在一个天气暖和的乡村里，那 6.rural adj.农村的 里，阳光洒满美丽的满是橘子的果园，田野里到处 是芳香扑鼻的鲜花。 7.beneath prep..在…下方 Before this,he had lived in a warm country,where 8.a favorably situated city位置优越的城市 the sun shines down on beautiful orange groves,and 9.a small village of the map地图上的一个小村庄 fields are always sweet with flowers. 10.within a stone's throw of the beach ●[好句仿写] 离海滨仅咫尺之遥 1.这幢房子坐落在松树丛中的一块岩石上。 The house stands on a rock among pines in a hill. ll.in a village among the hills在群山环抱的村庄里 2.湖位于扬州城西北，从六朝以来就为风景胜地并且 12.the thinly populated rural area 在乾隆时期盛极一时。 人烟稀少的农村地区 The lake is situated in the north-western part of ●[佳句观摩] the city Yangzhou.It has been a scenic spot,since the Six Dynasties and was in its full flourish in 1.在两个镇的中间有个小村子。 Emperor Qianlong Period. There is a small village midway between the two 3.我们以前住在一个漂亮的村庄里，有树和花草，连 towns. 空气都是甜的。 2.他们碰见了她，独自一人神色忧郁地走在海滩上。 We used to live in a beautiful village,and there They found her walking alone on the beach,de- were trees,flowers and green grass,and the air was so sweet. pressed. 培优>提能加餐 对应学生P230 高考对接素养培优 [培优1]单元知识高考链接 一、熟词生义 1.Mother used to make peach preserves. 写出黑体词的词性和汉语意思 1.It would be unkind and unfriendly to decline a visit. 2.No hunting is allowed in the preserve. E .拒绝 3.We have taken effective measures to preserve our 2.If someone says that an idea or opinion is garbage, they are emphasizing that they believe it is untrue natural resources. D or unimportant. n.废话；无聊话 3.(2025·全国一卷)Toby was his constant compan 4.Football is no longer the preserve of men. ion,... adj.忠实的 二、一词多义 5.Is he really 60?He's remarkably well preserved. 根据语境选出preserve的含义 A.n.专门领域 B.u.维护 C.n.蜜饯；果酱 D.v.保护 6.I tried to preserve my independence. F E.n.保护区 F.u.保持 G.0.保养 7.He was anxious to preserve his reputation. B ·195· 高考总复习英语(BS) [培优2]高考语篇培素养—Topic:食物边角料加工成美味佳肴 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2025·全国二卷)Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food?Mine does.Maybe that feeling comes from growing 1.What can be inferred about the up in South Africa,where the phrase "there are children starving in author's early life? Africa"was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at A.He witnessed food shortage. dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant,supermarket, B.He enjoyed the local cuisine. and supply chain industries.From technological solutions to educa- C.He donated food to Africans. tional campaigns,food producers and sellers are looking for ways to D.He helped to cook at home. use more of what we're already growing.But last month,one popular 2.Why did Blue Hill carry out the New York City restaurant tried a different way:It changed its menu to exclusively(])offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. experiment? For two weeks in March,Greenwich Village's Blue Hill restau- A.To customize dishes for guests. rant was renamed wastED,and served items like fried skate cartilage, B.To make the public aware of a juice pulp burger,and a dumpster diver's vegetable salad.Each dish food waste. was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average C.To test a food processing method. restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in rev- D.To improve the UK's zero- enue(收入)，and of that waste only 15.7%is donated or recycled.Up waste systems. to 84.3%is simply thrown out.Restaurants like Silo in the UK have 3.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? experimented with zero-waste systems,but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. A.Why the ingredients were used. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was B.Which dishes were best liked. technically made from garbage.Instead,all the ingredients ( C.What the dishes were made of. used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants D.Where the ingredients were would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish collars,re- jected sweet potatoes,and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated bought. and,with the help of a number of good chefs,turned into excellent 4.What can we learn about wastED? cuisine. A.It has ended as planned. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed B.It is creating new jobs. from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.Nevertheless,it serves as a reminder that there C.It has regained popularity. are many ways to address problems of sustainability,and that you can D.It is criticized by top chefs. make an amazing meal out of almost anything. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪 fact than a prayer at dinner time..(这种感觉或许 费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为 源于在南非的成长经历一在那里，‘非洲还有孩 例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜 子在挨饿’这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说 品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。 是对现实令人不安的提醒。)”可知，作者在南非长 l.A[推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that 大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年 feeling comes from growing up in South Africa 目睹了食物短缺的情况。] where the phrase 'there are children starving in 2.B[细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish Africa'was more of an uncomfortable reminder of was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste..(每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食 ·196· 基础必备选择性必修第四册 物浪费的认识。)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实 (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填在横 验，将莱单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为 线上) 了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。] 1.supply 3.C[主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be A.供给B.提供C.储备D.补给品 noted that none of the items on wastED's menu 1We don't have an endless supply of money,you was technically made from garbage.Instead,all know. A the ingredients(used were examples of meat 2They are at the end of their food supply.C cuts and produce that most restaurants would nev- 3We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw er consider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish materials. B collars,rejected sweet potatoes,and cucumber 4The determination of what supplies we should butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help need took a long time. D of a number of good chefs,turned into excellent 2.waste cuisine.(值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的 A.浪费B.滥用C.废物D.垃圾 菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用 D Recycling the waste from our increased con 的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类 sumption is better than burning it. D 部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红 2A committee was set up to avoid future waste of 薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师 public money. B 的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴。)”可知，本段主要介 3It seems such a waste to throw good food away. 绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘 A 蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段 4Waste materials can still be made use of.C 主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。] ◆长句缩写 4.A[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though 1.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed South Africa,where the phrase "there are chil- from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue dren starving in Africa"was more of an uncom- Hill has since returned to its regular menu. fortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner wastED餐厅收到了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就 time. 被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill餐厅已回 [句式剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介词 归常规菜单。)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为 短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句) 短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实 去掉，留下“主干”（主谓宾或主系表）。 验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。] [Maybe]that feeling comes from growing up [(in ◆素材积累 South Africa),(where the phrase "there are chil- dren starving in Africa"was more of an uncom- (一)由文本积累主题词块 1.throw away unused food 扔掉未使用的食物 fortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner 2.an uncomfortable reminder 令人不舒服的提醒 time). 3.from technological solutions to educational cam- [句式缩写]That feeling comes from growing paigns 从技术解决方案到教育活动 up.(不超过10个单词) 4.raise awareness regarding food waste 2.Instead,all the ingredients()used were ex- 提高对食物浪费的认识 amples of meat cuts and produce that most restau- 5.with the help of a number of good chefs rants would never consider serving. 在许多优秀厨师的帮助下 [句式剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介词 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句) 去掉，留下“主干”（主谓宾或主系表）。 1.prayer n. 祈祷 [Instead],(all the)ingredients(配料)(used) 2.chain n. 链条 were examples of meat cuts and produce (that 3.tailor-made adi. 特制的 most restaurants would never consider serving). 4.re-appropriate v. 重新利用 [句式缩写]Ingredients(配料)were examples of 5.review n. 评论 meat cuts and produce..(不超过l0个单词) 197