Unit 12 Section 4(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P38] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The　incubation　(孵化) period varies depending on the time of year when the eggs were laid. 2．Most people are completely　clueless　(一无所知的，一窍不通的) about tide directions and weather conditions. 3．It was an interesting book，full of fascinating　insights　(洞察力，感悟) into human relationships. 4．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Being surrounded by nature not only inspired my　creativity　(创造力)，but also offered a much­needed break from the usual busy school life. 5．Increasing the number of women in top management jobs will be a slow　process　(过程，进程). 6．You have all　invested　(投入) significant amounts of time and energy in making this project the success that it is. 7．It proves that only　efforts　(努力) can make a big difference. 8．He picked up the baby and gently　rocked　(摇晃) her to sleep. 9．The project is in its final　stage　(阶段) and should be completed by August. 10．We　filed　(把……归档) these reports under country of origin. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Language　emerges　and develops with the　emergence　and development of society.(emerge) 2．Is it just a　coincidence　(coincident) that the wife of the man who ran the competition won first prize? 3．Following this critique，students rewrite their papers and submit them for final　evaluation　(evaluate). 4．Various ecological issues have come to the fore since the　discovery　(discover) of the hole in the earth's ozone layer. 5．Teachers should aim to build a supportive，　creative　(create) environment for students to do this work. 6．Dreams can be a rich source of　inspiration　(inspire) for an artist. 7．The police are trying best to find the clue　to　the murder. 8．Most of my classmates wanted to go to a part　while　I had an idea of going to a nicer place. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．All rivers　flow into　the sea. 百川归海。 2.　All of a sudden　she didn't look sleepy any more. 突然她看上去不再困倦了。 3．Teenagers are still　at the stage of　learning to tell right from wrong，so they might make mistakes sometimes. 青少年仍处于学习明辨是非的阶段，所以有时候他们会犯错。 4．With　a flash of insight　I realized what the dream meant. 我突然明白了这个梦意味着什么。 5.　All at once　there was someone knocking on the door. 突然有人敲门。 6．As is　often the case　with elderly people，grandpa talked about my new hair style for at least 50 minutes. 就像老年人经常做的那样，爷爷至少花了50分钟谈论我的新发型。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·甘肃白银高二下期末)Kataria is the founder of the worldwide Laughter Yoga movement.The celebration of World Laughter Day is a positive activity for world peace and is intended to build up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship through laughter.The first World Laughter Day gathering took place in Mumbai，India，on 11th January，1998.12，000 members from India and international Laughter Clubs attended it.Now there are over 5，000 Laughter Clubs worldwide on all 5 continents. “HAPPY­DEMIC” was the first World Laughter Day gathering outside India.It took place on 9th January，two years after the Mumbai gathering.In Copenhagen，Denmark，more than 10，000 people gathered at Town Hall Square.The event went into Guinness World Records.World Laughter Day is now organized on the first Sunday of May every year.Hundreds of people gather worldwide on that day to laugh together. Today，many people fear widespread international terrorism.The world has never faced so much unrest before.People are at war within themselves.Laughter is a universal language，which has the ability to unite humanity without religion.Laughter can build a common connection between various religions and create a better world.The idea may sound overambitious，and maybe it is.But maybe it is not.It is our deep belief that laughter and only laughter can unite the world，building up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship. Studies also say that laughter helps your body do the following: lower blood pressure; lighten depression; reduce stress; work out the heart，especially for those who are unable to perform physical exercise.So in life，when you can laugh，you should laugh loudly and with your entire body，because it's good for you. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“世界大笑日”这个节日的由来及其意义。 1．What is the purpose of celebrating World Laughter Day? A．To lower blood pressure. B．To reduce stress and lighten depression. C．To build a common connection between various religions. D．To build up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“The celebration of World Laughter Day is a positive activity for world peace and is intended to build up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship through laughter.(庆祝世界大笑日是一项促进世界和平的积极活动，旨在通过欢笑来建立全球兄弟情谊和友谊。)”可知，庆祝世界大笑日的目的是建立全球的兄弟情谊和友谊。故选D。 答案　D 2．When did the first World Laughter Day gathering outside India take place? A．In 1998. B．In 1999. C．In 2000. D．In 2002. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“The first World Laughter Day gathering took place in Mumbai，India，on 11th January，1998.(1998年1月11日，首届世界大笑日活动在印度孟买举行)”和第二段“‘HAPPY­DEMIC’ was the first World Laughter Day gathering outside India.It took place on 9th January，two years after the Mumbai gathering.(‘HAPPY­DEMIC’是印度以外的第一次世界欢笑日聚会。它在孟买聚会两年后，于1月9日举行)”可知，第一次在印度以外的世界大笑日聚会是在2000年举行的。故选C。 答案　C 3．What is the author's attitude towards laughter movement? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Uninterested. D．Objective. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“Laughter is a universal language，which has the ability to unite humanity without religion.Laughter can build a common connection between various religions and create a better world.The idea may sound overambitious，and maybe it is.But maybe it is not.It is our deep belief that laughter and only laughter can unite the world，building up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship.(笑是一种通用语言，它有能力在不需要宗教的情况下团结人类。笑可以在各种宗教之间建立共同的联系，并创造一个更美好的世界。这个想法可能听起来野心勃勃，也许确实如此。但也许并不是。我们深信，只有笑声才能团结世界，建立全球性的兄弟情谊和友谊)”和最后一段“Studies also say that laughter helps your body do the following: lower blood pressure; lighten depression; reduce stress; work out the heart，especially for those who are unable to perform physical exercise.(研究还表明，笑可以帮助你的身体做以下事情：降低血压；减轻抑郁；减轻压力；锻炼心脏，特别是对那些不能进行体育锻炼的人)”可知，作者认为大笑带来很多益处。由此推知，作者对此活动的态度是积极肯定的。故选B。 答案　B 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Laughter and happiness. B．A universal language. C．Laughter and physical health. D．World Laughter Day and its significance. 解析　主旨大意题。文章提到了世界欢笑日的创始人Kataria，以及世界欢笑日的庆祝活动和意义，即为了促进世界和平和建立全球兄弟情谊和友谊。同时，文章还介绍了世界欢笑日的起源和发展，以及人们对笑声的看法和科学研究。由此可知，文章的核心内容是关于世界欢笑日及其意义的介绍和阐述。故选D。 答案　D B (2024·广州高二下期末)By 2040，nearly one in four Swedes will be 65 years or older.In a country where life expectancy is very high and most care for the elderly is government funded，that means a strain on spending and resources is approaching.One concern is the supply of affordable yet comfortable accommodations. Furniture giant IKEA has one idea.The company is launching a new style of home for dementia (痴呆) patients through BoKlok，a joint enterprise with a construction company that makes sustainable and affordable housing. “We see a growing concern that people are ending up in institutions where they do not want to end up，” noted Jonas Spangenberg，BoKlok CEO.“If we can crack the code where you can continue to live at a home that is more suitable for you，even with various syndromes (症状)，we believe we could do a good thing for society.” For the past three decades，the group has built more than 11，000 modular (组合式的) homes throughout Sweden，Finland and Norway using the IKEA model: cut down costs by producing large quantities of parts off­site.Lower income customers only pay what they can afford after taxes and living expenses. Now，the company thinks it can help people who struggle with memory loss to live at home — saving the government money it would otherwise spend on care.It's just built a small pilot with six apartments，the first tailored homes，just outside Stockholm.Design adjustments include taking mirrors and dark­colored floor out of bathrooms and fitting kitchen appliances with old­fashioned knobs，rather than digital controls. The developments also highlight spending time outdoors，and will include “therapeutic” gardens and clubhouses for socializing.That could make it more appealing for a partner to move there，too.“To take care of elderly people，that cost is exploding，” Jonas Spangenberg told CNN Business.“It's much cheaper for society and the public to give them service back home.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了家具巨头IKEA通过其与建筑公司的合资企业BoKlok，为瑞典的老年人，特别是患有痴呆症的老年人，提供了一种新型的、适宜的、可负担的住房方案。 5．What problem do senior people in Sweden face? A．A high aging rate. B．No access to suitable housing. C．Separation from their family. D．Huge expenses on health care. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段(到2040年，近四分之一的瑞典人将年满65岁。在一个寿命非常长且大部分老年人护理由政府资助的国家，这意味着支出和资源的压力正在逼近。一个令人担忧的问题是提供既经济又舒适的住宿。)可知，瑞典的老年人面临的问题是没有适宜的住房，故选B。 答案　B 6．Which words can best describe the six pilot apartments? A．Dark­colored and natural. B．Well­equipped and stylish. C．User­friendly and comfortable. D．Visually­appealing and safe. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第五段和最后一段(它刚刚在斯德哥尔摩郊外建造了一个有六套公寓的小型试点项目，这是第一批量身定制的住宅。设计调整包括从浴室中移除镜子和深色地板，并配备有旧式旋钮的厨房电器，而不是数字控制。这些改进还强调户外活动时间，并将包括“治疗性”花园和社交俱乐部。)可知，这些公寓是以用户为中心的，舒适的，故选C。 答案　C 7．What does Spangenberg think of the project? A．It was launched too late to be effective. B．It can reduce population with memory loss. C．It remains to be seen whether it's a wise decision. D．It enables the government to better spend its money. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段“If we can crack the code where you can continue to live at a home that is more suitable for you，even with various syndromes (症状)，we believe we could do a good thing for society.(如果我们能找到一种方法，让你即使有各种症状，也能继续住在更适合你的家中，我们相信我们可以为社会做一些好事。)”和最后一段“To take care of elderly people，that cost is exploding(照顾老年人的成本正在爆炸式增长)”和“It's much cheaper for society and the public to give them service back home.(让他们在家接受服务对社会和公众来说要便宜得多。)”可知，该项目在为社会做好事，为政府和社会减轻养老负担，Spangenberg认为这个项目可以让政府更好地花费其资金，故选D。 答案　D 8．What could be a suitable title for the text? A．Aging population: a challenge for Sweden. B．The IKEA model: a sustainable construction plan. C．BoKlok project is better housing dementia elderly. D．House companies are helping fight memory loss. 解析　主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段(家具巨头宜家有一个主意。该公司正在通过与建设公司共同开发可持续住宅的“BoKlok”，为痴呆症患者推出一种新型住宅。)可知，主要讲述了家具巨头IKEA通过其与建筑公司的合资企业BoKlok，为瑞典的老年人，特别是患有痴呆症的老年人，提供了一种新型的、适宜的、可负担的住房方案。所以文章最好的标题为“BoKlok项目正在更好地安置痴呆老人”。故选C。 答案　C Ⅱ.完形填空 Seventhgrade Carson Kropfl is an inventor，business owner and environmental activist.He created a company called Lockerboard.His story is 1 that necessity is truly the mother of invention. Carson enjoys the excitement of surfing and skateboarding.For years，he liked to use his skateboard to go to 2 ．But he was 3 that his school locker was too small to store his board. As a student，he could not change the size of his 4 ，but he realized he could 5 the shape of his skateboard.And，from that small 6 ，a business was born.Carson first just made a 7 skateboard in the shape of a square for himself.Then he made his first 8 at school's dining hall，where he put a few skateboards on a table and his schoolmates started buying them up. In less than two years，Carson has sold about 700 skateboards.But not all the 9 goes to Carson.Some money goes to a nonprofit group that 10 the health and wellbeing of the ocean.He 11 one dollar for every lockerboard sold to Ocean Unite because they're 12 on ocean conservation.Carson's hometown sits along a 13 coastal area of the Pacific Ocean.And Carson，the surfer，wants the ocean to 14 that way. The young business owner says he is not exactly sure what he will do when he grows up.But he sure will stay 15 ，traveling the world and supporting ocean conservation. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了七年级的男孩Carson通过改变滑板的形状而创建了公司，成为一名发明家、商人和环保积极主义者。 1．A.news B．proof C．idea D．report 解析　根据上文“His story”可知，此处指他的故事证实了发明的来源在于需求。故选B。 答案　B 2．A.school B．home C．company D．ocean 解析　根据下文“his school locker was too small to store his board”可知，Carson学校里的储物柜太小了，放不下滑板，所以此处指他喜欢滑着滑板去上学。故选A。 答案　A 3．A.confident B．shocked C．touched D．discouraged 解析　根据下文“his school locker was too small to store his board”可知，Carson学校里的储物柜太小了，放不下滑板，所以对这种情况他是沮丧的。故选D。 答案　D 4．A.skateboard B．school C．locker D．car 解析　根据上文“his school locker was too small”可知，Carson学校里的储物柜太小，所以此处指他无法改变储物柜的大小。故选C。 答案　C 5．A.measure B．change C．describe D．take 解析　根据上文“he could not change the size of his 4 ”可知，Carson无法改变储物柜的大小，所以此处指他能改变滑板的形状。故选B。 答案　B 6．A.desire B．act C．size D．step 解析　根据上文“he realized he could 5 the shape of his skateboard”可知，Carson意识到他可以改变滑板的形状，所以此处指这个想法。故选A。 答案　A 7．A.beautiful B．larger C．safer D．shorter 解析　根据上文可知，Carson学校的储物柜太小放不下滑板，所以此处指他把滑板改得更短了一点。故选D。 答案　D 8．A.friends B．survey C．sales D．mistakes 解析　根据下文“his schoolmates started buying them up”可知，Carson的同学们开始买下它们，所以此处指他在学校餐厅做了第一次滑板销售，故选C。 答案　C 9．A.agreement B．operation C．profit D．salary 解析　根据下文“Some money goes to a nonprofit group”可知，Carson把一些钱捐给了一个非营利组织，所以此处指销售滑板的利润并没有全部归Carson。故选C。 答案　C 10．A.controls B．supports C．develops D．resolves 解析　根据上文“a nonprofit group”及下文“the health and wellbeing of the ocean”可知，这个非营利组织赞助海洋的健康和福祉。故选B。 答案　B 11．A.earns B．charges C．loses D．donates 解析　根据上文“Some money goes to a nonprofit group that 10 the health and wellbeing of the ocean.”可知，Carson把一些钱捐给了一个用于赞助海洋的健康和福祉的非营利组织，此处指他捐赠。故选D。 答案　D 12．A.focused B．fed C．called D．impressed 解析　根据上文“that 10 the health and wellbeing of the ocean”可知，这个组织赞助海洋的健康和福祉，此处指他们关注海洋的保护。focus on意为“关注”。故选A。 答案　A 13．A.dirty B．crowded C．beautiful D．polluted 解析　根据下文“wants the ocean to 14 that way”可知，他的家乡坐落在美丽的太平洋沿岸，他想让海洋保持那种状态。故选C。 答案　C 14．A.become B．stay C．turn D．play 解析　参见上题解析。 答案　B 15．A.wealthy B．calm C．cool D．busy 解析　根据下文“traveling the world and supporting ocean conservation”可知，他环游世界，支持海洋保护，所以此处指他肯定会忙碌。故选D。 答案　D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$