Unit 12 Section 3(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P35] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He stole a sidelong glance at the young woman sitting next　to　him on the train. 2．Put your hand　in　front of your right lens and just look through your left lens. 3．The overall performance rating puts the new model well ahead　of　its main rivals. 4．I speak　on　behalf of many thousands of women. 5．Rabbits had burrowed　under　the fence. 6．I am writing with reference　to　your job application. 7．The climbers made their ascent of the mountain　without　oxygen. 8．A back tyre blew after half an hour tearing　along　a rocky road. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．I bought　a beautiful wooden desk　yesterday. 我昨天买了一张漂亮的木质书桌。 2．This meeting is　less important than that one　. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。 3．They'll　make you comfortable　on the plane. 他们会使你在飞机上舒舒服服的。 4．This is　the biggest apple I have ever met　. 这是我见到的最大的苹果。 5．Have you ever seen　a one­armed man　who is working here? 你见过在这里工作的独臂男人吗？ Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空 Mary had lived in China for 1.　nearly　(near) twenty years before she came here.I've planned to visit China next year.So I requested her to tell me the 2.　best　(good) time to go there.Mary said to me，“The most 3.　comfortable　(comfort) time to visit China is either between March and May or between September and early November.During these months，the weather is particularly 4.　pleasant　(please) throughout the country，neither too hot nor too cold.” I'm 5.　interested　(interest) in tasting all kinds of food all over the world.She told me Chinese food is delicious and what is even 6.　better　(good) is that restaurants do not ask for or accept tips.Besides，Mary advised me to learn some 7.　basic　(base) Chinese words and phrases in advance. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·吉林通化高二下期末)There are many apps that use mobile phone cameras and other devices that might surprise gardeners.Here are some examples： Seek by iNaturalist It is an app from the website iNaturalist.To use it，simply take a picture or point your camera at a plant，insect，or animal and you will get important information about it.You can also find lists of plants，insects and animals in your area，add your observations，and connect with experts. From Seed to Spoon It helps users grow crops.You can add which fruits and vegetables you would like to grow on a virtual “Grow Box” from a list of images.It will then give seed­starting，transplanting，and harvesting dates for those plants based on your location using satellite (卫星) data.The free version of the app also provides information on each crop's requirements for temperature，sunlight，water，and fertilizer. PictureThis It will identify your plant and provide information about it from a picture on your phone's camera.After using all the provided free identifications，you will be asked to watch advertisements or share the app to earn more.Or you can pay $29.99 a year for the paid version.The paid version provides treatment information for sick plants.It also includes plant­care guides，access to a team of experts at any time，and unlimited plant identifications. Google Lens It uses image recognition technology to identify plants，trees，animals，and insects.It can be found on the Google app or by the Google Search bar in your mobile browser on Android and Apple products.Then，touch the camera image and choose a photo from your phone's photo history.Lens can also be used to identify other objects，places，and to compare products to buy online.The tool is free. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四种园丁使用的软件。 1．What do Seek by iNaturalist and PictureThis have in common? A．They both have a “Grow Box”． B．People can have access to experts. C．They are mainly used for identifying animals. D．People need to pay for using them. 解析　细节理解题。根据Seek by iNaturalist部分中的“You can also find lists of plants，insects and animals in your area，add your observations，and connect with experts.(你也可以找到你所在地区的植物、昆虫和动物列表，添加你的观察结果，并与专家联系。)”可知，可以使用Seek by iNaturalist与专家联系，结合PictureThis 部分中的“It also includes plant­care guides，access to a team of experts at any time，and unlimited plant identifications.(它还包括植物护理指南，随时访问专家团队，以及无限的植物识别。)”可知，PictureThis可以使使用者随时访问专家团队，由此可知，这两个软件都可以让使用者与专家联系。故选B。 答案　B 2．How can we get more further information from PictureThis? A．By watching advertisements. B．By paying $2.99 a year. C．By sharing valuable observations. D．By taking pictures of plants. 解析　细节理解题。根据PictureThis 部分中的“After using all the provided free identifications，you will be asked to watch advertisements or share the app to earn more.(在使用所有提供的免费标识后，您将被要求观看广告或分享应用程序以获得更多信息。)”可知，为获得更多信息，使用者可以通过看广告或者分享应用程序，所以可以通过看广告获取更多信息。故选A。 答案　A 3．What is special about Google Lens? A．It can treat sick plants. B．It offers plant­care guides. C．It can find the animals in your area. D．It helps shop on the Internet. 解析　细节理解题。根据Google Lens部分中的“Lens can also be used to identify other objects，places，and to compare products to buy online.(Lens还可以用来识别其他物体、地点，以及比较要网购的产品。)”可知，Lens可以帮助网购。故选D。 答案　D B (2024·湘西高二下期末)For centuries，explorers have searched for the fountain of youth.Surprisingly，the secret to staying young might have been within us all along.Amor，a scientist，and colleagues have discovered that T cells can be reprogrammed to fight aging，so to speak. Given the right genetic changes，these white blood cells can attack another group of cells known as senescent (衰老的) cells，which are thought to be responsible for many of the diseases we fight with later in life.Senescent cells are those that stop replicating (再生).As we age，they build up in our bodies，resulting in some diseases. While several existing drugs can　eliminate　these cells，many must be taken repeatedly over time.As an alternative，Amor and colleagues turned to a “living” drug called CAR(chimeric antigen receptor)T cells. They discovered CAR­T cells could be used to rid of senescent cells in mice.As a result，the mice ended up living healthier lives.They had lower body weight，improved metabolism (新陈代谢)，and increased physical activity.All these came without any tissue damage or side effects. Perhaps the greatest power of CAR­T cells is their long­lasting effects.The team found that just one dose (一剂) at a young age can have lifelong effects.That single treatment can protect against conditions that commonly occur later in life. “T cells have the ability to develop memory and exist in your body for really long periods.which is very different from a chemical drug，” Amor explained. Amor's lab is now investigating whether CAR­T cells let mice live not only healthier but also longer.If so，society will be one step closer to the fountain of youth. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。科学家Amor和同事发现了一种通过重新编程T细胞来对抗衰老细胞的方法，这可能有助于延长寿命并提高生活质量，从而为人类带来了对抗衰老的新希望。 4．What discovery have scientists made about T cells and aging? A．T cells cause aging. B．Aging is caused by genetic changes. C．Senescent cells are T cells. D．T cells can fight aging. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“Amor，a scientist，and colleagues have discovered that T cells can be reprogrammed to fight aging，so to speak.(科学家Amor和他的同事们发现，T细胞可以通过重新编程来对抗衰老。)”可知，科学家发现T细胞可以对抗衰老。故选D。 答案　D 5．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Sustain. B．Remove. C．Cue. D．Polish. 解析　词句猜测题。根据第二段(如果基因发生了正确的变化，这些白细胞可以攻击另一组被称为衰老细胞的细胞，衰老细胞被认为是导致我们晚年与之抗争的许多疾病的原因。衰老细胞是那些停止复制的细胞。随着年龄的增长，它们在我们体内积聚，导致一些疾病)以及划线词上文“While several existing drugs can”可知，while表示转折，说明虽然目前有几种药物可以消除这些导致人衰老的细胞，但许多药物必须长期反复服用。故画线词eliminate意思是“消除”，与remove意思一致。故选B。 答案　B 6．Which effect of CAR­T cells on young mice does the text emphasize? A．Short­term activity increase. B．Immediate weight reduction. C．Lifelong health enhancement. D．Temporary metabolic improvement. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“They discovered CAR­T cells could be used to rid of senescent cells in mice.As a result，the mice ended up living healthier lives.They had lower body weight，improved metabolism (新陈代谢)，and increased physical activity.(他们发现CAR­T细胞可以用来清除小鼠体内的衰老细胞。结果，老鼠最终过上了更健康的生活。他们的体重较轻，新陈代谢改善，体力活动增加。)”以及第五段中“Perhaps the greatest power of CAR­T cells is their long­lasting effects.The team found that just one dose (一剂) at a young age can have lifelong effects.(也许CAR­T细胞最大的力量在于它们的持久效果。研究小组发现，年轻时服用一剂就能产生终生影响。)”可知，CAR­T细胞让老鼠的身体更健康，而且这种影响还很持久。故选C。 答案　C 7．What is Amor's attitude to the future of employing CAR­T cells? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Unclear. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Amor's lab is now investigating whether CAR­T cells let mice live not only healthier but also longer.If so，society will be one step closer to the fountain of youth.(Amor的实验室目前正在研究CAR­T细胞是否能让老鼠不仅活得更健康，而且活得更长。如果是这样，社会离青春的源泉又近了一步。)”可知，Amor对CAR­T细胞的未来持乐观态度。故选A。 答案　A Ⅱ.七选五 BE A GOOD TOURIST Tourism can be both good and bad.Yes，it brings in money for the local economy and creates lots of jobs for the locals，but it may also bring some problems. 1 Tourists have used rocks or even keys to write on the Luxor Temple in Egypt，the Colosseum in Rome，the Stonehenge in the UK，and many，many other places.Thousands of tourist sites are being destroyed by tourists who “love them to death” . 2 If you want to leave a mark on the world，do it by changing someone's life with kindness and love.Pass kindness down to future generations，not destruction. Another big problem in some places is that tourists disturb the local people. 3 For example，there are a number of tourists in Chiang Mai University in Thailand and Yonsei University in South Korea，visiting the campuses and walking through the libraries and other public areas，taking pictures of students and disturbing their studies.I have three words for tourists like these：please be considerate. 4 The problems caused by tourists are endless：walking in large groups without considering others who need to walk by，crossing roads without observing local traffic laws，and many more.The only way to solve the problems caused by tourists is to make sure that you are not the one causing problems! 5 Remember，whenever you step outside your country's border，you are representing your country to the rest of the world. A．Just think from other aspects. B．When in Rome，do as the Romans do. C．Have fun in a way that does not disturb others. D．Try to be the best，kindest and most polite tourist. E．I have three words for people like these：please stop it. F．One growing problem is that tourists want to prove that they have visited someplace. G．Some tourists wander around and take pictures of local people without asking for their permission. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过分析游客给旅游地及当地人带来的问题提醒人们，要做一个友善、礼貌的游客。 1．解析　根据第二段第二句“Tourists have used rocks or even keys to write on ...many other places.”可知，这里描述的是游客在旅游地乱涂乱画的现象；根据第三段第一句中的“Another big problem”可知，空处需要提到problem或者与之相近的词。由此可知，F项符合语境。 答案　F 2．解析　根据空后两句表述的内容可知，空处应是作者针对该段表述的游客在旅游地乱涂乱画的问题提出的建议。通过分析文章结构和句子与句子之间的关系可知，该空所填的内容及其作用和结构需与下文中的“I have three words for tourists like these：please be considerate.”相似，故选E。 答案　E 3．解析　根据本段第一句可知，本段讲的是游客带来的另一个问题，即打扰当地人；G项表述的“一些游客四处闲逛，且未经当地人的许可就给他们拍照片”也是游客打扰当地人的一种表现。故选G。 答案　G 4．解析　根据空前一句中的“please be considerate (请体贴一些)”可知，针对游客打扰当地人这一问题，作者建议游客要对当地人体贴一些；由此可知，C项(以一种不打扰他人的方式游玩)符合语境。故选C。 答案　C 5．解析　根据空前一句表述的“解决游客造成的问题的唯一方法就是确保你不是制造问题的游客之一”可知，作者认为要解决这一问题，游客首先要严于律己；D项(尽力成为最好、最友善、最有礼貌的游客)正是游客严于律己的表现。故选D。 答案　D Ⅲ.语法填空 We all love to take photographs.It is a simple way to capture(捕捉) a special moment or 1. amazing view.Traditional cameras 2. (use) to take pictures in the past decades.But the biggest change has come 3. the development of digital technology.Now we have the smartphone 4. has made taking photos 5. (quick) and easier.It's enabled us to take a photo and review it instantly，to handle it using software and to share it like never before— 6. (particular) on social media. Does that mean the traditional camera will eventually become out­of­date? 7. (figure) from Japan show shipments (运送) of digital cameras from companies like Canon and Nikon have dropped 39% year on year.But Phil Hall，editor of TechRadar，thinks there's nothing 8. (worry) about because producers are looking at higher­end cameras. Certainly，the 9. (grow) of smartphones opens our eyes to the creative possibilities they provide.But whatever camera viewfinder (取景器) we end up 10. (look) through，it is important to remember the basics of photography and get your subject to say “Cheese！” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统的照相机在过去的几十年里被用于照相，随着数码技术的发展，现在我们有可以照相的智能手机，智能手机照相更快更容易。 1．解析　考查冠词。view为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且amazing的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 答案　an 2．解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据下文in the past decades可知，应用现在完成时，且主语Traditional cameras与谓语动词use构成被动关系，应用被动语态；主语Traditional cameras是复数，谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填have been used。 答案　have been used 3．解析　考查介词。句意：但最大的变化来自数字技术的发展。固定搭配come with (伴随……发生)符合句意。故填with。 答案　with 4．解析　考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词the smartphone，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故填which/that。 答案　which/that 5．解析　考查形容词的比较级。结合下文并列结构and easier可知，空处应填形容词的比较级，表示“更快的”，作动词made的宾语补足语。故填quicker。 答案　quicker 6．解析　考查副词。修饰下文介词短语on social media，应用副词作状语，表示“特别是，尤其”。故填particularly。 答案　particularly 7．解析　考查名词的单复数。本句中缺少主语，应用名词，且根据下文谓语show (复数形式)可知，主语应用名词复数形式，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Figures。 答案　Figures 8．解析　考查非谓语动词。本句已有系动词is且无连词，动词worry应用非谓语形式，不定代词nothing后面通常接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to worry。 答案　to worry 9．解析　考查名词。根据上文定冠词the可知，空处应填不可数名词growth作主语。故填growth。 答案　growth 10．解析　考查非谓语动词。固定搭配end up doing sth(以……结束)，用动词­ing形式作宾语。故填looking。 答案　looking 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$