Unit 12 Section 2(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P32] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．In my　humble　(谦虚的，谦卑的) opinion we should never have bought the car in the first place. 2．He has acquired a reputation as this country's　premier　(最好的) solo violinist. 3．The report's　finding　(发现) on the decrease in violent crime supports the police chief's claims. 4．We have　launched　(发射) another man­made satellite，which is announced in today's newspaper. 5．Yang spoke to two astronauts aboard the International Space Station，which is　orbiting　(沿轨道运行) the earth. 6．The World Cup was transmitted around the world by　satellite　(人造卫星). 7．He　perceives　(察觉，注意到) himself to be a failure，though nothing could be further from the truth. 8．The economy is regarded as the decisive factor which will determine the　outcome　(结果，后果) of the general election. 9．The project was a　joint　(共同的) effort between the two schools. 10．Mr Masack is an　outspoken　(直言不讳的) critic of the present government. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．We want to ensure that we are being　scientifically　(scientific) precise. 2．Some people give a regular monthly　donation　(donate) while others vary the amount they give. 3．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short stories and poems since the program　was launched　(launch) last March. 4．We can now communicate　instantly　(instant) with people on the other side of the world. 5．He complained about being　constantly　(constant) doorstepped by the press. 6．We can predict changes with a surprising degree of　accuracy　(accurate). 7．We take consumer complaints very seriously and resolve them as quickly and　efficiently　(efficient) as possible. 8．There was anger at the　proposal　(propose) that a UN peace­keeping force should be sent to the area. 9．Alice recognized Tom　the　instant she saw him. 10．I was about to give up my effort to work on the puzzle　when　a good idea struck me. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．　There's nothing like　candlelight for creating a romantic mood. 没有什么比烛光更能营造浪漫氛围了。 2．　With the development of　mobile payment，we can hardly see people pay in cash. 随着手机支付的发展，我们几乎看不到用现金支付的人了。 3．For lovers of the great outdoors，activities　range from　canoeing　to　bird watching. 对于户外活动的爱好者们来说，有从划船到观鸟的各种活动。 4．The government　must deal with this as　a matter of urgency. 政府必须将此事当作紧急的事情来处理。 5．This conference　will be dedicated to　the research of enterprises for the ecodevelopment of enterprises. 本次会议将致力于企业研究，以促进企业的生态发展。 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century，you would have a real dilemma on your hands.It is possible 1.　to single　(single) out a few pioneers of the 20th century.One of the 20th century's premier scientists 2.　was　(be) Albert Einstein.In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man 3.　was rocking　(rock) his one year old baby when he was suddenly inspired.“E＝mc2” was born，Alexander Fleming saw a blue mould in the dish around 4.　which　the bacteria had been destroyed.This blue mould was in fact the 5.　natural　(nature) form of penicillin.During the Second World War，the US Navy was looking for ways of 6.　improving　(improve) the accuracy of their missiles.The navy turned to Eckert，an 7.　engineer　(engine)，and Mauchly，a physicist，to deal with the problem and produce 8.　a　machine which was the world's first computer to do the job.In 1990，Tim Berners­Lee invented the World Wide Web，which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other.Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers，the world 9.　as　we know it today would have been a 10.　completely　(complete) different place. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·辽宁高二下阶段练习) Art Contest — Technology & You! Technology is everywhere these days.Automation has pioneered innovation.Your phone is probably in your pocket or your hands at all times，and now it's easier than ever to communicate with anyone in the world.What are your thoughts on technology，social media or your phone? Do you feel excitement every time you get a notification message，or do you feel tied down by these digital “chains”？ However you feel，we want you to put that into artwork—paintings，digital art or photography.One winner and several honorable mentions will be featured in the December 2024 magazine，and the winner will receive a $25 gift card! You may even see your art work in future issues of Teen Ink magazine. Deadline: Nov.1，2024 Details and requirements： Entrants must have a Teen Ink account and be aged 13—19. Inappropriate content will not be accepted. Submissions must relate to the topic (technology). Entries must be a piece of artwork created by the entrants themselves. Entrants can submit as many pieces of art as they wish. How to submit： Entries can be submitted through the Teen Ink website.All entries submitted will be reviewed and considered for the contest.See our submission guidelines for more information. Make sure to submit your art work to the appropriate art category(technology) on Teen Ink.You can do this by using the “additional tags (标签)” field in your submission form. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章是一篇关于“科技与你”艺术比赛的征文通知。 1．What is the main theme of the art contest? A．The development of technology. B．The application of technology. C．Innovations of technology. D．Viewpoints on technology. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“What are your thoughts on technology，social media or your phone? Do you feel excitement every time you get a notification message，or do you feel tied down by these digital ‘chains’？(你对科技、社交媒体和手机有什么看法？每次收到通知信息时，你会感到兴奋吗？还是觉得自己被这些数字‘链条’束缚住了？)”和第二段中“However you feel，we want you to put that into artwork—paintings，digital art or photography.(无论你的感受如何，我们都希望你把它融入艺术作品——绘画、数字艺术或摄影。)”可知，这次艺术比赛的主题是人们对科技的看法。故选D。 答案　D 2．What is one of the requirements for submitting artwork to the contest? A．Submit original artwork. B．Submit artwork with a unique tag. C．Submit different types of artwork. D．Submit only one piece of artwork. 解析　细节理解题。根据Details and requirements部分中“Entries must be a piece of artwork created by the entrants themselves.(参赛作品必须是参赛者自己创作的作品。)”可知，提交原创作品是对参赛作品的要求之一。故选A。 答案　A 3．What is Teen Ink? A．A library. B．A magazine. C．An art school. D．An art museum. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“You may even see your art work in future issues of Teen Ink magazine.(你甚至可以在未来的《青少年文坛》杂志上看到你的艺术作品。)”可知，Teen Ink是杂志。故选B。 答案　B B (2024·泸州高二下期末)Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers have developed a portable novel device that can remove particles and salts to generate drinking water.Driven by a small and portable solar panel，the suitcase­sized device requires less power to operate than a cellphone charger.It automatically generates drinking water with the push of one button. The desalination (脱盐) device relies on a technique called Ion Concentration Polarization (ICP)，which was discovered by the research group more than 10 years ago.Rather than filtering (过滤) water，the ICP process applies an electrical field to membranes (膜状物) placed above and below a channel of water.The process removes both dissolved and suspended solids，allowing clean water to pass through the channel.Since it only requires a low­pressure pump，ICP uses less energy than other techniques.But ICP does not always remove all the salts floating in the middle of the channel. Unlike other portable devices，this one makes use of electrical power to remove particles from drinking water and gets rid of replacement filters，reducing much maintenance expense.This could enable it to be employed in remote and severely resource­limited areas.It could also be used to aid refugees fleeing natural disasters or by soldiers carrying out long­term military operations. After running lab experiments，they field­tested the device at Boston's Carson Beach.Although it was quite exciting and surprising，the resulting water went beyond World Health Organization's quality guidelines，and the device generates drinking water at a rate of 0.3 liter per hour.Junghyo Yoon，a research scientist，says，“Right now we are pushing our research to improve the production rate and hoping to make it more convenient for users and increase its energy efficiency.” “How the device could be used by everyone is one of the biggest challenges for us，” Han states.“Another limitation is the use of expensive materials.It would be interesting to see similar systems with low­cost materials.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。麻省理工学院的研究人员已经开发出一种便携式新型设备，可以去除颗粒和盐分来生产饮用水。文章主要介绍了这种设备的工作原理、优点以及未来应用前景等情况。 4．Where does the device get its power? A．From a cellphone charger. B．From a low­pressure pump. C．From a small size suitcase. D．From a portable solar panel. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“Driven by a small and portable solar panel，the suitcase­sized device requires less power to operate than a cellphone charger.(由一个小型便携式太阳能电池板驱动，这个手提箱大小的设备比手机充电器需要更少的电力。)”可知，设备从便携式太阳能电池板获得电力。故选D。 答案　D 5．What do we know about ICP? A．It is energy­saving and user­friendly. B．It is completely new to MIT researchers. C．It is vital to have a filter and electric field. D．It is able to get rid of all salts from sea water. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“Since it only requires a low­pressure pump，ICP uses less energy than other techniques.(由于它只需要一个低压泵，因此ICP比其他技术消耗更少的能量。)”以及第三段“This could enable it to be employed in remote and severely resource­limited areas.It could also be used to aid refugees fleeing natural disasters or by soldiers carrying out long­term military operations.(这可以使它能够在偏远和资源严重有限的地区使用。它还可以用来帮助逃离自然灾害的难民，或由执行长期军事行动的士兵使用。)”可知，ICP既节能又方便。故选A。 答案　A 6．What can be inferred about the device from the last paragraph? A．It isn't widely available for the public. B．There's no need for researchers to promote it. C．Its water production efficiency is satisfactory. D．Its lab experiments and field tests are a failure. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“How the device could be used by everyone is one of the biggest challenges for us(如何让每个人都能使用这个设备是我们面临的最大挑战之一)”可知，设备公众还不能广泛使用。故选A。 答案　A 7．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Remove Solids for Desalination B．Push the Button for Drinking Water C．Use Filters for Natural Disasters D．Protect Water Sources for the Future 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers have developed a portable novel device that can remove particles and salts to generate drinking water.(麻省理工学院的研究人员已经开发出一种便携式新型设备，可以去除颗粒和盐分来生产饮用水。)”结合文章主要介绍了这种设备的工作原理、优点以及未来应用前景等情况。可知，B选项“按饮水按钮”最符合文章标题。故选B。 答案　B Ⅱ.完形填空 Rishi Sharma is living his life differently.When he was a kid，Sharma was attracted by the men who 1 World WarⅡ. One day，Sharma learned that Lyle Bouck，a WWⅡ hero，was living quite near his home. 2 ，Sharma looked up the number and dialed.Soon after，he 3 visiting military veterans (退伍军人) in nursing homes. Since graduation from high school，Sharma has made it his 4 to interview as many WWⅡ veterans as he can.Because many of them are in their 80s and 90s，Sharma 5 that he has just around 10 years before they are gone.Therefore，he's 6 everything else in his life — college，dating and hunting a job — to 7 himself to this cause. For each veteran 8 ，Sharma creates a DVD of their stories.These men are known for their 9 to discuss what happened during the war. 10 ，with frequent contact with the veterans，they're finally 11 to share their stories. Sharma tried to meet at least one WWⅡ veteran every day until the last of them 12 ．Later，Sharma founded Heroes of the Second World War，aiming to 13 the stories of WWⅡ veterans.He also launched a GoFundMe page which has 14 in more than $186，000 up to now.Sharma uses that money to pay for his travel and 15 equipment.He hopes to collect as many stories as he can — for their sakes，and for ours. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了夏尔马采访亲历二战的老兵并把采访制作成视频的故事。 1．A.looked into B．ran into C．commented on D．fought in 解析　根据下文中的“a WWⅡ hero”及“military veterans”可知，这些人参加了二战，fight in意为“在……作战”，故选D。 答案　D 2．A.Eventually B．Immediately C．Suddenly D．Naturally 解析　空前说一天，夏尔马偶然得知一个消息——二战英雄莱尔·布克住在离他家很近的地方，于是他立即查电话号码，想要联系他，故选B。 答案　B 3．A.imagined B．considered C．denied D．began 解析　根据空后的“visiting military veterans (退伍军人) in nursing homes”可知，不久之后，他开始去养老院看望退伍老兵，故选D。 答案　D 4．A.lesson B．duty C．profession D．challenge 解析　根据空后的“to interview as many WWⅡ veterans as he can”可知，夏尔马把采访二战老兵当作自己的职责，故选B。 答案　B 5．A.argues B．declares C．hopes D．figures 解析　空前说他们中的许多人都已经八九十岁了，所以夏尔马估计他们的生命只有十年左右的时间了，故选D。 答案　D 6．A.putting off B．searching for C．giving away D．preparing for 解析　根据空后的“everything else in his life — college，dating and hunting a job”可知，夏尔马推迟了生活中的其他事情，比如上大学、约会和找工作，故选A。 答案　A 7．A.introduce B．refer C．recommend D．devote 解析　上文说夏尔马推迟了生活中的其他事情，他这样做就是为了投身于采访二战老兵这项事业之中，故选D。 答案　D 8．A.helped B．admired C．interviewed D．appointed 解析　根据上文中的“Since graduation from high school，Sharma has made it his 4 to interview as many WWⅡ veterans as he can.”可知，从高中毕业开始，夏尔马就把尽可能多地采访二战老兵作为自己的职责，因此他为每一位接受采访的老兵制作了一张DVD来记录他们的故事，故选C。 答案　C 9．A.intention B．curiosity C．refusal D．anxiety 解析　根据下文的“they're finally 11 to share their stories”可知，这些老兵拒绝谈论自己过去的经历，故选C。 答案　C 10．A.However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Besides 解析　空前说这些老兵拒绝谈论自己过去的经历，再根据空后的“with frequent contact with the veterans，they're finally 11 to share their stories”可知，此处表示转折关系，故选A。 答案　A 11．A.satisfied B．willing C．afraid D．confident 解析　根据空前的“with frequent contact with the veterans”可知，随着与这些老兵的接触越来越多，他们最终愿意分享他们的故事，故选B。 答案　B 12．A.showed up B．set off C．got away D．passed away 解析　根据上文中的“Because many of them are in their 80s and 90s，Sharma 5 that he has just around 10 years before they are gone.”可知，这些老兵中的许多人都已经八九十岁了，夏尔马估计他们的生命只有十年左右的时间了，所以他每天至少要见一位二战老兵，直到最后一位老兵去世，故选D。 答案　D 13．A.sell B．design C．preserve D．assess 解析　上文说夏尔马把采访二战老兵当作自己的职责，并为每一位接受采访的老兵制作了一张DVD来记录他们的故事，因此这个非营利组织致力于保存二战老兵的故事，故选C。 答案　C 14．A.turned B．brought C．broken D．taken 解析　根据空后的“more than $186，000”可知，这个主页带来了许多捐款，故选B。 答案　B 15．A.video B．office C．research D．computer 解析　根据上文中的“Sharma creates a DVD of their stories”可知，夏尔马为二战老兵制作DVD，这需要用录像设备，故选A。 答案　A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$