Unit 11 单元达标检测11(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

(时间：100分钟 满分：120分) 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Below are four perfect destinations for tourists to travel along the seaside. The Big Island Though less traversed and slightly cheaper than Maui or Oahu，the Big Island offers some of Hawaii's top beaches.Families can make their way in the water at La'aloa white sand beach in Kona，which has calm waves，or Carlsmith Beach Park in Hilo，which offers plenty of lagoons (环礁湖) and coves. Kiawah Island This South Carolina island less than 30 miles southwest of Charleston provides a slow­paced beach vacation，complete with 10 miles of shoreline and plenty of uneven nature to explore.Head to Kiawah Beachwalker Park，the island's only public beach，which features a snack bar，beach rentals and a scenic boardwalk.When you're not building sandcastles，sign the kids up for one of the day camps offered at Night Heron Park while the adults visit a spa or play a round of golf at a world­famous course. Destin This Florida town's family­friendly atmosphere and impressive beaches attract multigenerational groups year after year.Many Destin resorts appeal to kids，so parents can relax while the little ones play.Boat tours are also a great way to spend some quality time with the family.The kids will have fun looking for jumping dolphins，while adults will have relaxation on a themed cruise(巡航). Cape May Cape May's nearly 3 miles of family­friendly sands fill with New Jersey locals during school breaks and out­of­towners in the summer.You and your little ones can bond while surfing，kayaking or taking a walk along the beach.Sunset Beach is a popular spot where families can look for Cape May “diamonds” (quartz pebbles) or observe the nightly sunset ceremony. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个适合游客沿着海边旅行的完美目的地，并对每个目的地的特点、活动以及适合的人群进行了详细的描述和推荐。 1．Which best suits an adult tourist wanting to play golf? A．Kiawah Island. B．Destin. C．The Big Island. D．Cape May. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章Kiawah Island部分中的“When you're not building sandcastles，sign the kids up for one of the day camps offered at Night Heron Park while the adults visit a spa or play a round of golf at a world­famous course.(当你不搭沙堡的时候，给孩子们报名参加夜鹭公园提供的日间营地，而大人则去做水疗或在世界著名的球场打一场高尔夫球。)”可知，当成年人在岛上时，可以去享受温泉或者在世界著名的球场上打一轮高尔夫。因此，对于想要打高尔夫的成年游客来说，Kiawah Island是最适合的选择。故选A。 答案　A 2．What can children in Destin resorts do? A．Go on a themed cruise. B．Admire jumping dolphins. C．Play with water in the sea. D．Observe the sunset ceremony. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章Destin部分中的“Many Destin resorts appeal to kids，so parents can relax while the little ones play.Boat tours are also a great way to spend some quality time with the family.The kids will have fun looking for jumping dolphins，while adults will have relaxation on a themed cruise(巡航).(许多Destin度假胜地对孩子们很有吸引力，所以父母可以在孩子们玩耍的时候放松一下。乘船游览也是与家人共度美好时光的好方法。孩子们将在寻找跳跃的海豚中寻找乐趣，而成年人将在主题游轮上放松。)”可知，许多Destin的度假村都很吸引孩子们，孩子们可以欣赏跳跃的海豚。故选B。 答案　B 3．Who is the advertisement intended for? A．A school. B．Adults. C．A family. D．Campers. 解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了四个适合游客沿着海边旅行的完美目的地，并在每个目的地的描述中都提到了家庭活动，因此可以推断出这则广告是面向家庭游客的。故选C。 答案　C B (2024·南京高二下期末)On November 2，2021，my friend Lou messaged me with a challenge: “Amy and I are not buying any new clothes for a year...” My immediate reply was，“Definitely！” This might not be what people who know me would expect.As a child，I once invited a girl to my birthday party just because I had seen her in a beautiful dress.My love for fashion has continued into adulthood. However，I am also aware of the significant issues in the fashion industry: it's highly polluting.There's also the problem of waste，with the West often dumping (丢弃) unwanted clothing in other regions. So，when the invitation appeared，it seemed like the perfect opportunity to reset my relationship with clothes. The year pushed me to embrace better habits.I've always enjoyed looking for second­hand items，but when my only pair of trainers broke in an unfixable way，I urgently needed a replacement.The Vinted app helped me find one almost as quickly as buying new. I put more effort into making clothes.You quickly realize the labor involved once you start making shorts by yourself.Besides，removing the ease of buying new pushed me towards fixing instead，though a low point was taking a much­loved pair of shoes to a cobbler (修鞋匠)，only to be told it'd be “cheaper to buy new”． Even though the year is officially over，I'm hoping to carry on with what I've learned.I'm trying to consume less overall，with a “one in，one out” rule with clothes.I've been noting down what clothes I wear each day，and whether I get　30　wears out of it (said to be the amount of times necessary to balance out the carbon emissions created to make a piece of clothing). These approaches are what work for me.But there are loads of different ways to do a fashion challenge.How useful，challenging，or appealing an approach sounds will vary from individual to individual.Whatever you do，roping in friends is recommended.They keep you motivated; they can also share ideas，and possibly clothes! [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是作者通过与朋友进行一年不买新衣服的挑战为时尚行业的高污染和服装浪费问题作出一份贡献。 4．Why did the author accept the challenge of not buying clothes for one year? A．She accepted the challenge to satisfy her friend. B．She was concerned about the threat of fashion industry. C.She thought this would solve the problem of pollution. D．She had had enough of her deep connection with fashion. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段(然而，我也意识到时尚行业的重大问题：它的高污染。还有一个浪费的问题，西方经常把不需要的衣服倾倒在其他地区。)可知，作者意识到了时尚行业的污染和浪费问题很严重。由此可知，作者接受一年不买新衣服的挑战是因为她担心时装业带给环境的威胁。故选B。 答案　B 5．How did the author feel when told it would be “cheaper to buy new”？ A．Shocked. B．Discouraged. C．Frightened. D．Confused. 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Besides，removing the ease of buying new pushed me towards fixing instead，though a low point was taking a much­loved pair of shoes to a cobbler (修鞋匠)，only to be told it'd be ‘cheaper to buy new’．(此外，买新鞋不再那么容易，促使我转而去修理，尽管有一次我把一双非常喜欢的鞋拿到补鞋店，却被告知‘买新鞋更便宜’。)”可知，作者本打算通过修鞋子减少浪费，却听到的是这样的结果，由此可推断，作者听到后会感到有些气馁。故选B。 答案　B 6．What does the number “30” in paragraph 6 mean? A．The author has been sticking to a 30­item clothing limit. B．A piece of clothing of good quality can be worn at least 30 times. C．The author would wear a piece of clothing 30 times for environmental reasons. D．If a piece of clothing was worn 30 times，no carbon emission would be produced. 解析　词义猜测题。根据划线数字后的“said to be the amount of times necessary to balance out the carbon emissions created to make a piece of clothing(据说这是平衡制造一件衣服所产生的碳排放所需的时间)”可知，该数字是平衡制造一件衣服所产生的碳排放所需要的时间，也就是把衣服穿30次是为了减少碳排放，保护环境。由此可推断，该数字表示的是出于环境原因，作者会将一件衣服穿30次。故选C。 答案　C 7．What is paragraph 7 mainly about? A．Suggestions the author gives to readers. B．The role of friends in achieving success. C．Uniqueness of the author's own experience. D．The change in the way the author views fashion. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第七段中的“These approaches are what work for me.But there are loads of different ways to do a fashion challenge.(这些方法对我很有效。但是有很多不同的方式来挑战时尚)”以及下文具体介绍的挑战时尚的方法和措施可知，本段主要是作者给读者挑战时尚的建议。故选A。 答案　A C (2024·广东高二下期末)When it comes to risky behavior，adolescence is the perfect storm.In fact，teens are hardwired to seek challenge.According to a study by University College London (UCL)，risk­taking behavior peaks during adolescence.As an adolescent's social­emotional system matures，they long for stimulation and teen challenge. Moreover，the study found that teens took risks because they enjoyed the thrill.In fact，they often understood the consequences of their behavior.However，the desire to take risks was stronger than their common sense.That's because the teen brain is not fully developed.Therefore，the areas controlling impulses (冲动) and decision­making are still immature. The study involved adolescents and adults aged 9 to 35 years.Participants chose between risky and safe options in a computer gambling game.Scientists found that the teenagers took the most risks compared with the other groups.In fact，14­year old teens demonstrated the most risky behavior.In other words，they were constantly seeking challenge and excitement. In another study at the University of Texas at Austin，participants aged 8 to 30 were given money as a reward for correctly identifying an image.Scientists measured how their brains responded when they found out whether their answers were right or wrong.The teenagers' brains released the highest levels of dopamine，a chemical associated with pleasure.Dopamine motivates the brain to seek rewards and is linked to addiction.Thus，the researchers concluded that teens are more willing to take risks in order to experience rewards. Risk­taking isn't always a bad thing if it takes place within safe boundaries.In fact，a certain level of safe，positive risk­taking is essential for teens to develop their sense of self and gain self­esteem (自尊).Healthy risk­taking activities include playing sports，outdoor adventures，performing on stage，and reaching out to make new friends. In conclusion，there's no getting around it: Teens will always seek thrills and push the limits.They're made that way.But parents can help them find healthy challenges that support growth and reduce risk. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是相比于成年人，青少年更喜欢冒险，原因与他们脑中释放的多巴胺有关。作者认为青少年冒险有的时候是坏事，但是如果在安全范围内冒险，可以有助于青少年发展自我意识和获得自尊，这又是有益处的。 8．What is the reason for teens' tendency to take risks? A．They lack common sense and decision­making ability. B．They don't understand the consequences of their behavior. C．They enjoy the excitement and actively pursue stimulation. D．Their brain areas controlling impulses are fully developed. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Moreover，the study found that teens took risks because they enjoyed the thrill.(此外，研究发现，青少年冒险是因为他们享受刺激。)”可知，青少年喜欢冒险的原因是他们享受刺激。故选C。 答案　C 9．How did the researchers carry out the first study? A．By analyzing the choices of teens and adults in the gambling game. B．By analyzing the results of the gambling game. C．By measuring how brains worked in the gambling game. D．By observing how excited the teens were in the gambling game. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The study involved adolescents and adults aged 9 to 35 years.Participants chose between risky and safe options in a computer gambling game.(这项研究涉及9至35岁的青少年和成年人。参与者在电脑赌博游戏中选择风险选项和安全选项。)”可知，研究人员通过分析青少年和成年人在赌博游戏中的选择进行了第一项研究。故选A。 答案　A 10．Which of the following statements is true according to paragraphs 4—5? A．The more risk­taking teens are，the more self­esteem they have. B．Dopamine plays an important role in teens' risk­taking activities. C．Making new friends shouldn't be considered as risk­taking. D．Taking risks makes a teenager more eager for reward. 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“The teenagers' brains released the highest levels of dopamine，a chemical associated with pleasure.Dopamine motivates the brain to seek rewards and is linked to addiction.Thus，the researchers concluded that teens are more willing to take risks in order to experience rewards.(青少年的大脑释放出最高水平的多巴胺，一种与快乐有关的化学物质。多巴胺促使大脑寻求奖励，并与成瘾有关。因此，研究人员得出结论，青少年更愿意为了获得回报而冒险。)”可知，青少年大脑释放的多巴胺促使大脑寻求奖励。由此推知，青少年更愿意去冒险是与脑中释放的多巴胺有关。故选B。 答案　B 11．What is the author's attitude towards risk­taking behavior of teenagers? A．Negative. B．Approving. C．Objective. D．Ambiguous. 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Risk­taking isn't always a bad thing if it takes place within safe boundaries.In fact，a certain level of safe，positive risk­taking is essential for teens to develop their sense of self and gain self­esteem.(如果在安全的范围内冒险并不总是一件坏事。事实上，一定程度的安全、积极的冒险对于青少年发展自我意识和获得自尊至关重要。)”可知，作者认为冒险有的时候是坏事，但是如果在安全范围内冒险，可以有助于青少年发展自我意识和获得自尊，这又是有益处的。由此推知，作者对于青少年冒险的态度是客观的。故选C。 答案　C D (2024·萍乡高二上期末)The words “caring” and “empathetic” (共情的) aren't ones normally associated with technology.Yearsley，an Australian enterpriser who is expert in artificial intelligence (AI)，is trying to change that. Yearsley is the founder of Akin，a robotics startup that currently uses a tablet­based system to help users manage the tasks related to home life，whether that's planning meals or reminding you to pay your cell phone bill.Current home devices made by Google or Amazon or Apple use predictive AI to track patterns，strengthen behaviors and manipulate (操控) buying decisions，some of which，she assumes，are questionable or just unhealthy. In contrast，the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home，encouraging healthful decisions such as taking a nightly walk，refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends.“It's the hardest AI I have ever built for it's a complex system，” Yearsley says. Yearsley began developing the Akin technology in 2017，when she realized the need to better manage the home is hugely ignored.Besides，she realized that women unequally bear the burden of household work.A United Nations' report estimates that women do 2.6 times the amount of unpaid care and domestic work that men do，or close to 30 hours per week in the U．S.alone. While Yearsley pictures an army of robots someday helping with routine homemade tasks，the first display for Akin will take time and money.Akin has received some early seed money from a handful of investors，and was recently selected as a finalist for tech giant LG Nova's Mission for the Future program，an annual challenge that seeks to identify businesses having potential to improve life and lead society into the future. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Akin公司的一套未来人工智能系统。 12．What might the Akin's AI system suggest? A．Consuming more drinks to enjoy yourself. B．Staying up late working to make more money. C．Spending more time staying with your family. D．Purchasing products that may attract you. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“In contrast，the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home，encouraging healthful decisions such as taking a nightly walk，refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends.(相比之下，她正在开发的人工智能将被设计为管理人类的家庭，鼓励健康的决定，比如晚上散步，给冰箱加满食物，支持与朋友共进午餐或庆祝生日等社交互动。)”可知Akin的人工智能系统支持与家人一起度过更多时间。故选C。 答案　C 13．What made Yearsley develop the Akin's AI system? A．The high cost of current home devices. B．Akin's becoming a finalist for a program. C．Financial support from investors. D．Heavy burden of housewives. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“Yearsley began developing the Akin technology in 2017，when she realized the need to better manage the home is hugely ignored.Besides，she realized that women unequally bear the burden of household work.(Yearsley在2017年开始开发Akin技术，当时她意识到更好地管理家庭的需求被严重忽视。此外，她意识到女性承担家务的负担是不平等的。)”可知，Yearsley的AI系统研发的因素之一就是家庭主妇的沉重负担。故选D。 答案　D 14．What can be used to describe the Akin's AI system? A．Questionable and unhealthy. B．Unstable and insecure. C．Thoughtful and innovative. D．Mature and ideal. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段“Current home devices made by Google or Amazon or Apple use predictive AI to track patterns，strengthen behaviors and manipulate (操控) buying decisions，some of which，she assumes，are questionable or just unhealthy.(目前由谷歌、亚马逊或苹果生产的家用设备使用预测性人工智能来跟踪模式、强化行为并操控购买决策。她认为其中有一些是有问题的或者不健康的。)”和第三段的“In contrast，the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home，encouraging healthful decisions such as taking a nightly walk，refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends.(相比之下，她正在开发的人工智能将被设计为管理人类的家庭，鼓励健康的决定，比如晚上散步，给冰箱加满食物，支持与朋友共进午餐或庆祝生日等社交互动。)”可知，Akin公司的人工智能系统是考虑周到的且新颖的。故选C。 答案　C 15．What's the purpose of the text? A．To introduce a futuristic AI system. B．To compare two companies' AI systems. C．To call on people to care about housewives. D．To seek support for an AI expert. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Akin has received some early seed money from a handful of investors，and was recently selected as a finalist for tech giant LG Nova's Mission for the Future program，an annual challenge that seeks to identify businesses having potential to improve life and lead society into the future.(Akin已经从一些投资者那里获得了一些早期种子资金，最近还入选了科技巨头LG Nova的未来使命项目的决赛名单，该项目是一个年度挑战，旨在寻找有潜力改善生活、引领社会走向未来的企业。)”并结合全文可知，本文的目的是介绍Akin公司的一套未来人工智能系统。故选A。 答案　A 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2024·宁德三模)Up until the 1980s，people in many countries regularly followed in their parents' footsteps by working in the family business or joining the same profession as them.In your grandparents' time，there was the prospect of doing the same job from graduation until retirement. 16 Most people now have no intention of following in their parents' footsteps or even staying at one job for very long. In fact，planning to work in the same field for your entire working life just isn't practical anymore.One reason for this is technology.The skills you have now are unlikely to remain relevant. 17 And then what will you do? Work hard? Win the lottery? Hope for the best? You might be lucky.But most of us today have to look beyond the little box called “career”． If you think you can work eight hours a day and build a career，think again.It is hardly a recipe for great career success. 18 Keep doing this，you can become a specialist in something one day.You have a chance to choose to build a career，rather than being told to stay or to go. 19 You may have to go back to the classroom and be retrained to qualify to work in another field.It is entirely your choice to learn，or to be forced to learn. In short，lifetime security from one employer is no longer certain. 20 It is up to you to decide what you can do and how well you can do it. A．Are you ready for this? B．How times have changed! C．They will probably be out of date very soon. D．The truth is that you are the boss of your career. E．These skills should have brought you a nice，comfortable life. F．What if your job disappears after working for 10 years in the field? G．Instead，you'd better keep looking for smarter ways to do your work. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在如今的职场中，大多数人不再打算追随父母的脚步，甚至不再打算在一份工作上待很长时间，并分析了其原因。 16．解析　根据上文“In your grandparents' time，there was the prospect of doing the same job from graduation until retirement.(在你祖父母的时代，从毕业到退休都要做同样的工作。)”和下文“Most people now have no intention of following in their parents' footsteps or even staying at one job for very long.(现在大多数人都不想追随父母的脚步，甚至不想在一份工作上待很长时间。)”可知，上下文形成对比，意在表明现在大多数人与过去的情况不同。空处应该承上启下，起到过渡的作用。B选项“How times have changed！(时代变了！)”符合文意。故选B。 答案　B 17．解析　根据上文“One reason for this is technology.The skills you have now are unlikely to remain relevant.(其中一个原因是技术。你现在拥有的技能不太可能一直保持相关性。)”可知，此处意在表明现在拥有的技能有过时的可能性。C选项“They will probably be out of date very soon.(它们可能很快就会过时。)”符合文意，承接上文。故选C。 答案　C 18．解析　根据上文“If you think you can work eight hours a day and build a career，think again.It is hardly a recipe for great career success.(如果你认为你可以每天工作8小时并建立一份事业，那再想想吧。这很难成为事业成功的秘诀。)”可知，此处意在表明不能只是每天工作8小时，而要用更好的方法工作。G选项“Instead，you'd better keep looking for smarter ways to do your work.(相反，你最好继续寻找更聪明的工作方法。)”符合文意，承接上文。故选G。 答案　G 19．解析　根据下文“You may have to go back to the classroom and be retrained to qualify to work in another field.(你可能需要回到课堂接受再培训，才有资格在另一个领域工作。)”可知，此处意在提出假设，即如果工作在将来消失了该怎么办。F选项“What if your job disappears after working for 10 years in the field？(如果你在这个领域工作了10年后，你的工作消失了怎么办？)”符合文意，引出下文。故选F。 答案　F 20．解析　根据上文“In short，lifetime security from one employer is no longer certain.(简而言之，从一个雇主那里获得终身保障已不再可靠。)”可知，此处强调个人在职业生涯中的主体地位。D选项“The truth is that you are the boss of your career.(事实是，你是自己职业生涯的老板。)”符合文意，承接上文。故选D。 答案　D 第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2024·广州高二下期末)In the great Central Valley of California，the spring usually falls in November.But by the end of May，flowery plant is dead and 21 and crisp，as if every plant had been roasted in an oven. Then the heavily breathing flocks and herds are driven to the 22 ，cool，green grasslands of the Sierra.As exploring the untouched beauty had always been my dream，I was longing for the mountains about this time，but money was 23 ．While I was 24 thinking about the bread problem，Mr.Delaney，a sheep­owner，for whom I had worked a few weeks， 25 me.And he offered to 26 me to go with his shepherd (牧羊人) . The flock，he explained，would be 27 gradually higher，stopping for a few weeks at the best places.These I thought would be good centers for 28 from which I might be able to make many 29 trips to learn something of the plants，animals，and rocks. I judged，however，that I was in no way the right man for the job，and 30 explained my shortcomings.With bears，wolves，and confusing bushes，I 31 that half or more of his flock would be lost. Fortunately these shortcomings seemed 32 to Mr.Delaney.He assured me that the difficulties would disappear as we went on， 33 me further by saying that the shepherd would do all the herding.Therefore I 34 to go，though still fearing. A week later，supplies were 35 on two horses，and the flock headed for the hills.With everyone's efforts，our journey began. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位年轻人在资金紧张的情况下，接受了Delaney先生的邀请，成了一名牧羊人的助手，尽管他担心自己无法胜任这份工作，但最终还是决定前往山区，开始了一段探索自然之美的旅程。 21．A.fresh B．dry C．hot D．sweet 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但到了五月底，有花的植物就死了，又干又脆，好像每棵植物都在烤箱里烤过一样。A.fresh新鲜的；B.dry干的；C.hot热的；D.sweet甜的。根据下文“as if every plant had been roasted in an oven.”可知，每棵植物好像都在烤箱里烤过一样，所以是又干又脆。故选B。 答案　B 22．A.high B．rocky C．huge D．poor 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，呼吸沉重的牛群和羊群被驱赶到高处，凉爽、绿色的塞拉草地上。A.high高的；B.rocky多岩石的；C.huge巨大的；D.poor贫穷的。根据下文“I was longing for the mountains about this time”可知，羊群和牛群被赶到高山上。故选A。 答案　A 23．A.donated B．abundant C．lost D．tight 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直梦想着探索这片未被触及的美景，所以我渴望在这个时候去爬山，但手头很紧。A.donated捐赠的；B.abundant丰富的；C.lost丢失的；D.tight紧的。根据上文“I was longing for the mountains about this time”和下文的转折词“but”可知，作者虽然想爬山，但是手头很紧，此处“tight”指经济是紧张的。故选D。 答案　D 24．A.enviously B．calmly C．angrily D．anxiously 解析　考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我焦急地想着面包问题时，Delaney先生，一个我为他工作了几周的牧羊主，来找我。A.enviously嫉妒地；B.calmly冷静地；C.angrily生气地；D.anxiously焦急地。根据上文“As exploring the untouched beauty had always been my dream，I was longing for the mountains about this time，but money was 23 ．”可知，作者手头很紧，所以他焦急地思考如何解决经济问题。故选D。 答案　D 25．A.sent for B．wrote to C．called on D．knocked into 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我焦急地想着面包问题时，Delaney先生，一个我为他工作了几周的牧羊主，来找我。A.sent for派人去请；B.wrote to写信给；C.called on拜访；D.knocked into偶然碰见。根据下文“And he offered to 26 me to go with his shepherd (牧羊人) .”可知，Delaney先生主动来找作者，所以此处用“called on”表示“拜访”符合语境。故选C。 答案　C 26．A.train B．engage C．remind D．appoint 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他提出要雇用我去和他的牧羊人一起工作。A.train训练；B.engage雇用；C.remind提醒；D.appoint任命。根据下文“I judged，however，that I was in no way the right man for the job，and 30 explained my shortcomings.”可知，德莱尼先生提出要雇用作者和他的牧羊人一起工作。故选B。 答案　B 27．A.moved B．walked C．pulled D．trapped 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释说，羊群会逐渐往高处移动，在最好的地方停留几个星期。A.moved移动；B.walked走；C.pulled拉；D.trapped使陷入困境。根据上文“the flock，he explained”和下文“higher”可知，此处是指羊群会逐渐往高处移动。故选A。 答案　A 28．A.business B．entertainment C．observation D．communication 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想这些地方会是很好的观察中心，从这里我可以进行许多有教育意义的旅行，来了解一些植物、动物和岩石。A.business商业；B.entertainment娱乐；C.observation观察；D.communication交流。根据下文“from which I might be able to make many 29 trips to learn something of the plants，animals，and rocks.”可知，这些地方是作者进行观察的中心，他可以在这些地方观察植物、动物等。故选C。 答案　C 29．A.educational B．mysterious C．relaxing D．stressful 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想这些地方会是很好的观察中心，从这里我可以进行许多有教育意义的旅行，来了解一些植物、动物和岩石。A.educational有教育意义的；B.mysterious神秘的；C.relaxing令人放松的；D.stressful有压力的。根据下文“to learn something of the plants，animals，and rocks”可知，作者想要了解植物、动物和岩石，所以这些旅行是有教育意义的。故选A。 答案　A 30．A.consistently B．easily C．accurately D．freely 解析　考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我认为我无论如何都不适合这份工作，并且坦率地解释了我的缺点。A.consistently一贯地；B.easily容易地；C.accurately准确地；D.freely坦率地。根据上文“I judged，however，that I was in no way the right man for the job”可知，作者认为自己不适合这份工作，所以坦率地解释了自己的缺点。故选D。 答案　D 31．A.hoped B．dreamed C．confirmed D．feared 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：有熊、狼和杂草丛生，我担心他的一半或更多的羊群会丢失。A.hoped希望；B.dreamed梦想；C.confirmed确认；D.feared担心。根据上文“With bears，wolves，and confusing bushes”可知，因为有熊、狼和杂草丛生，所以作者担心羊群会丢失。故选D。 答案　D 32．A.unbelievable B．unexpected C．insignificant D．irregular 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，Delaney先生似乎并不在意这些缺点。A.unbelievable难以置信的；B.unexpected意想不到的；C.insignificant无关紧要的；D.irregular不规则的。根据下文“He assured me that the difficulties would disappear as we went on”可知，Delaney先生并不在意作者的缺点，所以这些缺点对他来说是“无关紧要的”。故选C。 答案　C 33．A.surprising B．encouraging C．disappointing D．challenging 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他向我保证，随着我们继续前进，困难会消失，他还进一步鼓励我说牧羊人会做所有的放牧工作。A.surprising使惊讶；B.encouraging鼓励；C.disappointing使失望；D.challenging挑战。根据上文“He assured me that the difficulties would disappear as we went on”和下文“saying that the shepherd would do all the herding”可知，Delaney先生是在鼓励作者，让他参与到这次的工作中。故选B。 答案　B 34．A.decided B．regretted C．postponed D．hesitated 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，尽管仍然害怕，我还是决定去了。A.decided决定；B.regretted后悔；C.postponed推迟；D.hesitated犹豫。根据上文“Therefore”和下文“though still fearing”可知，尽管作者仍然害怕，但还是决定去了。故选A。 答案　A 35．A.sold B．balanced C．packed D．stored 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：一周后，两匹马上装满了补给，羊群朝着山出发了。在大家的努力下，我们的旅程开始了。A.sold卖；B.balanced平衡；C.packed打包；D.stored储存。根据下文“and the flock headed for the hills”可知，羊群要出发了，所以此处是指两匹马上装满了补给，也就是打包了必需品，准备出发。故选C。 答案　C 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2024·茂名高二下期末)“Slow train” is a lifeline in China's remote regions.Train No.5629/5630，36. is the only passenger train serving on the Sichuan­Guizhou Railway Line，is one of the 81 pairs of slow trains operating in China. The pair of trains running between Chongqing and Zunyi city of Guizhou Province 37. (stop) at 20 stations on the 300­kilometer journey.Running for nearly 30 years，the trains，with the 38. (low) ticket price of only 6 yuan are still providing convenience for people 39. (live) in the Wumeng Mountain area. Though it is home to the world's most developed high­speed railway network，China still keeps the slow train services in the less­developed regions for people without access 40. other means of transport.The slow trains，carrying the hope of local people，move forward 41. (steady) and surely with a unique rhythm. The slow train is 42. cure for the dullness of life，bringing stories from the outside.Every time the slow train 43. (expect) to pull into the station，workers，the old，44. (child) and dogs all stand together on the platform.The train only stays for two minutes，but it is enough to wash away loneliness of the 45. (tire) people. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍中国偏远地区的“慢火车”服务，详细阐述了其重要性、运行状况以及对当地居民生活的影响，阐述了慢火车在中国交通体系中的特殊地位和作用，以及它如何为偏远地区的人们提供便利。 36．解析　考查定语从句。句意：5629/5630次列车是川黔线上唯一的一趟客运列车，也是中国81对慢火车之一。这里为定语从句的先行词，先行词为“Train No.5629/5630”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 答案　which 37．解析　考查谓语动词。句意：这对往返于重庆市和贵州省遵义市之间的列车，在300公里的行程中共停靠20站。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“The pair of trains running between Chongqing and Zunyi city of Guizhou Province”，单数，和动词“stop”之间为主动关系。故填stops。 答案　stops 38．解析　考查最高级。句意：这趟列车已运行了近30年，最低票价仅为6元，仍然为生活在乌蒙山区的人们提供着便利。根据空后的“only 6 yuan”可推测，空处为形容词最高级，意为“最低的”。故填lowest。 答案　lowest 39．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：这趟列车已运行了近30年，最低票价仅为6元，仍然为生活在乌蒙山区的人们提供着便利。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“people”和动词“live”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填living。 答案　living 40．解析　考查介词。句意：尽管中国拥有世界上最发达的高速铁路网，但中国仍在欠发达地区保留着慢火车服务，为那些无法乘坐其他交通工具的人们提供便利。名词“access”之后用介词“to”，构成短语access to，意为“可使用……”，符合句意。故填to。 答案　to 41．解析　考查副词。句意：这些承载着当地人希望的慢火车，以一种独特的节奏稳步前行。修饰动词短语“move forward”用副词形式。故填steadily。 答案　steadily 42．解析　考查冠词。句意：慢火车是治疗生活沉闷的良药，它带来了外面的故事。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。故填a。 答案　a 43．解析　考查时态和语态。句意：每次慢火车到站时，工人、老人、孩子和狗都会一起站在站台上。这里为从句谓语动词，根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“the slow train”，单数，和动词“expect”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is expected。 答案　is expected 44．解析　考查名词的数。句意：每次慢火车到站时，工人、老人、孩子和狗都会一起站在站台上。根据上文“workers，the old”和下文“dogs”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填children。 答案　children 45．解析　考查形容词。句意：火车只停留两分钟，但这足以洗去疲惫人们的孤独感。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的“people”。故填tired。 答案　tired 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) (2024·南京高二下期末)假定你是李华，下周你校将迎来一组美国中学生参观交流，校学生会现招募文化使者(Cultural Ambassadors)，负责陪同接待，请你用英文写一封自荐信。内容包括： 1．表达参与意愿； 2．介绍个人优势。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Student Union， Best Regards， Li Hua One possible version： Dear Student Union，　 I am writing to express my keen interest in becoming a cultural ambassador for the upcoming visit of the American high school students. As a fluent English speaker with a passion for cultural exchange，I am confident in my ability to make our guests feel welcome and provide them with an insightful experience of our culture.I am also known for my friendly and outgoing personality，which I believe will help facilitate meaningful interactions. I would be really honored if I could contribute to the success of this great event. 　Best Regards，　 　Li Hua　 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·清远高二下期末)I loved the spelling bee(拼字比赛) so much that every afternoon after school，I would diligently train.However，little did I know that my opponent in the spelling bee would one day become a cherished friend. On Friday morning，I woke up at 6：27.My usual waking time was 7：01，granting me an unexpected thirty­four extra minutes to study.As the best speller in my class，I was determined to win the Meadowbrook Middle School spelling bee and defeat my opponent，Nathan Fortescue. Nathan was a devotee of science and math.He wasn't really a speller at heart; he was a mathematician.Nathan and I had nothing in common except being good spellers.Besides，he seemed to spell well without much effort. I went to the kitchen and found Dad making breakfast.I told him about the spelling test and my anxiety.He quizzed me on some words，but they were easy for me.Then he asked，“How do you spell ‘argument’？” I confidently replied，“Easy，A­R­G­U­E­M­E­N­T，” without a second thought. Dad shook his head.I didn't believe him，so I checked the dictionary.When I came back，he said I should thank him because that word might be on the test. As I shut the classroom door，a voice came from the back of the room.“You're looking a bit pale.I'm afraid you might not make it through the spelling bee，” Nathan said with a smile as he closed a giant book with dancing numbers on its cover. “I bet a literature word will knock you out in the first round，” I replied. Then Ms.Hawking entered the room，explaining the rules—one miss and you are out—and the spelling test began.After four intense rounds，only Nathan and I remained.“Olivia，your word is ‘algorithm’，” Ms.Hawking announced.I had never heard that word before，but I spelt it: “A­L­G­O­R­Y­T­H­M.” 注意：1.续写词数应为 150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Ms.Hawking frowned and said that's incorrect. After class，I sobbed when I felt a hand on my arm. One possible version： Ms.Hawking frowned and said that's incorrect. My heart sank.I couldn't believe I had made such a stupid mistake.Nathan，on the other hand，looked confident.He spelled his word correctly and was declared the winner.I felt a mix of disappointment and frustration.But then I forced myself to smile and congratulate Nathan.After all，he had beaten me fair and square. After class，I sobbed when I felt a hand on my arm.I looked up to see Nathan standing there.He said，“Hey，don't be too sad.It's just a spelling bee.You're still a great speller.” I was surprised by his kindness.We started chatting and found that we actually had more in common than we thought.That day，we became friends.We realized that even though we were rivals in the spelling bee，there was no reason we couldn't be friends outside of it.And from that day on，our friendship grew. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$