Unit 11 Section 5(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P25] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The　soldiers　(士兵) fought against the enemy shoulder to shoulder in the battle. 2．Two　bombs　(炸弹) exploded in the centre of the city and caused seven deaths. 3．A youth was seriously injured in a shooting　incident　(事件) on Saturday night. 4．People in the street　wept　(哭泣) with joy when peace was announced. 5．The　border　(国界，边境) guards stopped me and asked to see my papers. 6．There were photographs of all her children proudly　displayed　(展示) on the mantelpiece. 7．We will be flying 100 badly wounded　civilians　(平民) out of the battle zone tonight. 8.　Panic　(惊慌，惶恐) spread through the crowd as the bullets started to fly. 9．I've spoken to him　dozens　(许多) of times，but I still don't know his name! 10．The wedding preparations take weeks but the actual　ceremony　(仪式，典礼) takes less than an hour. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The police combed the whole town in their efforts to find the　murderer　(murder). 2．Regardless of what your　greeting　(greet) may be，it's important to look the person in the eye when speaking. 3．It has to be the kangaroo，as it has a wide　distribution　(distribute) throughout the country. 4．Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to　temporarily　(temporary) attend a school in Brooklyn. 5．I would like to convey my　appreciation　(appreciate) to you for your kind assistance in my English learning. 6．In honor of Lakshmi，the Hindu goddess of wealth，people make special　prayers　(pray) on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare，success，and wellbeing. 7．Most of the bodies were badly burned，making　identification　(identify) almost impossible. 8．The only means of access to the building is along a　muddy　(mud) track. 9．I'd appreciate　it　if you could do me a favour. 10．I was thinking of this matter　when　I heard my name called. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Sue screamed，not loudly，more　in surprise　than terror. 苏尖叫起来，声音不大，与其说是害怕不如说是吃惊。 2．They found the body buried beneath　a pile of leaves　. 他们发现尸体被埋在一堆树叶下面。 3．Finally，since this is your last chance，be sure and　stick up your hand　if you want to ask a question or make a comment. 最后，本节课是最后一次机会了，如果你有问题，或者有意见要发表，一定要举起手来。 4．These workers　are fed up with　being at the bottom of the pile when it comes to pay. 这些工人受够了收入水平处于底层的苦恼。 5.　To begin with　，you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam. 首先，你必须努力学习功课，并在考试前作好充分的准备。 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 A One day，Do Chuc and his family were eating breakfast 1.　when　the American soldiers entered the village.They were ordered to leave their homes and marched into the village square where they were told to sit.At first，the villagers were calm.Then，they watched 2.　in　surprise as the soldiers set up a machine gun.The people began weeping and praying.However，the 3.　shooting　(shoot) started finally.Chuc was saved with a pile of dead bodies 4.　covering　(cover) him. B On Christmas morning we stuck up a board with “A Merry Christmas” on it on the frontier and so did the enemy.Two of our men as our 5.　representatives　(representative) and two of the Germans 6.　greeted　(greet) each other and shook hands.We spent all day together.One of their men remarked in English that he was fed up with the war very much.We told him we felt 7.　the　same.They also brought beer to us.The officers came to an understanding that we would celebrate Christmas 8.　peacefully　(peace) until midnight. C The chief nurse telephoned me to clean up the ward，saying we had got a patient who would get an award.It was this patient's second visit to us and this time he'd had his legs 9.　blown　(blow) off.He was awarded because he happened 10.　to be　(be) the 20，000th patient in this hospital.However，when the general handed him the prize，he nearly threw it back at him.I went over and took him in my arms.I knew he was much fed up with the war and I really admired him for that. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Friends are gifts and treasures.When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves，many put friends ahead of homes，jobs，clothes and cars. A true friendship carries a long history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected.It is a treasure we should protect.Unfortunately，the better friends you are，the more probably you'll have disagreements.And the result can be what you don't want—an end to the relationship. The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended.First，don't let your pride get in your way.Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open.Second，apologise when you're wrong—even if you've been wronged.Over the course of a friendship，even the best people make mistakes.Sometimes，it may be best if the　wronged person　takes the lead and apologises.When you apologise，give your friend a chance to admit that he has been wrong.Third，see things from your friend's point of view.And finally，accept that friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change.Making friends can sometimes seem easy.The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships.My suggestion: Consider friendship an honour and a gift，and worth the effort to treasure and nurture. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。朋友关系越好就越容易产生分歧，这些分歧会导致朋友关系破裂。文章就修补友谊给了几点建议。 1．What does the underlined “wronged person” in the text refer to? A．A person who has been mistaken for another. B．A person who has been blamed unfairly. C．A person who has treated friends badly. D．A person who has admitted his mistakes. 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词组后的一句“When you apologise，give your friend a chance to admit that he has been wrong.”可知，你道歉是给犯错的朋友承认错误的机会。“the wronged person takes the lead and apologises”指的是被错怪受委屈的人先道歉，由此推知，画线词组指的是“被错怪的人”。故选B。 答案　B 2．According to the text，a friendship can last long only if ． A．we have much in common B．we know our friends' mistakes C．we treat our disagreements wisely D．we have known one another for long 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately，the better friends you are，the more probably you'll have disagreements.And the result can be what you don't want—an end to the relationship.”可知，朋友关系越好就越容易产生分歧，这些分歧会导致朋友关系破裂。由此推知，要想保持长久的友谊，明智地处理分歧是关键。故选C。 答案　C 3．What should we do if we follow the author's second suggestion? A．Stick to our own points of view. B．Avoid making mistakes. C．Make an apology first. D．Change our lifestyles. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Second，apologise when you're wrong—even if you've been wronged.”可知，作者的第二点建议是朋友之间不管谁有错，你都要先道歉。故选C。 答案　C 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Easy Ways to Make Friends B．Ups and Downs in Friendship C.How to Mend a Troubled Friendship D．How to Take the Lead in Making Friends 解析　主旨大意题。第一段讲述朋友的重要性；第二段介绍分歧会导致朋友关系破裂；第三段点出本文主题“The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended.”并提出了具体的修补友谊的方法。因此可知C项适合做本文最佳标题。 答案　C B We can make mistakes at any age.Some mistakes we make are about money，but most mistakes are about people.“Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen？”“When I got that great job，did Jim really feel good about it，as a friend？Or did he envy my luck？”When we look back，doubts like these can make us feel bad.But when we look back，it's too late. Why did we go wrong about our friends or our enemies？Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning.And if we don't really listen，we will miss the feeling behind the words.Suppose someone tells you，“You're a lucky dog.”Is he really on your side？If he says，“You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky gal”，that's being friendly.But “lucky dog”？There's a bit of envy in those words.Maybe he doesn't see it himself.But bringing in the “dog” puts you down a little.What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck. “Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another.It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole.But is he？Being wrapped (包裹) up in this expression is the thought that your problem isn't important.It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words？One way is to take a good look at the person talking.Do his words fit the way he looks？Does what he says consist with the tone of voice？His posture？The look in his eyes？Stop and think.The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例子来说明如何理解别人对我们说的话，避免误解别人的意思。 5．When recalling things that have happened between our friends and us，we may ． A．feel good to have friends standing by us B．think it was a mistake to view some people as friends C．misread some of our friends' true feelings D.keep looking back to find mistakes we've made 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When we look back，doubts like these can make us feel bad.But when we look back，it's too late.”可知，我们回忆起和朋友的交谈时，会发现误解了朋友，但是等我们知道时，已经太晚了。 答案　C 6．By saying “You're a lucky dog”，the speaker . A．is just being friendly B．expresses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy” C．may have a hidden envious feeling D．intends to put the listener down 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But‘lucky dog’？There's a bit of envy in those words.”可知，这句话的背后可能会藏着说话者的嫉妒之心。 答案　C 7．In listening to a person，the important thing is . A．to listen carefully to how he utters his words B．to observe his tone，his posture，and his clothes C．to stop for a while and decide whether to believe him D．to check his words against his manner，tone and posture 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“One way is to take a good look at the person talking.Do his words fit the way he looks？Does what he says consist with the tone of voice？His posture？The look in his eyes？”可知，D项为正确答案。 答案　D 8．This passage tries to tell you how to ． A．avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you B．say things appropriately to avoid mistakes C．keep people always faithful to you D．avoid regretting about making mistakes 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要是通过举例子来说明如何理解别人对我们说的话，避免误解别人的意思。 答案　A Ⅱ.七选五 How to Develop Interpersonal Skills People use interpersonal skills daily—socially as well as professionally—and usually without even being conscious of their effectiveness.In the workplace，listening，communicating，working together and manners are important interpersonal skills.An employee who falls short of any of these soft skills must work consciously to strengthen and develop them. 1 Listen up. Active listening is a skill that must be learned and practiced. 2 The active listener provides feedback by focusing their full attention on the speaker and responding with verbal and nonverbal clues that the speaker's message is heard and understood. Avoid failure to communicate. Simply talking to people is no guarantee that your message is getting across.Common barriers to communication are lack of verbal clues，cultural differences，lack of interest，distractions，and unfamiliar expressions.Expect such barriers and deal with them.Learn to think before you speak，and express yourself clearly and carefully. 3 Get it together. Working together is the key to workplace effectiveness. 4 Create such an environment，rather than competition，and respect the opinions of others.Praise and thank coworkers for their contributions and treat all suggestions and opinions with respect. 5 The basics of these interpersonal skills are the rules of politeness and good manners.Respecting other cultures can strengthen a relationship.Be aware of what is happening in your coworkers' lives and care for them.Stay cheerful and positive in the office. A．Mind your manners. B．Stay positive to infect others. C．Working successfully with others can make a career. D．It can avoid simply letting the speaker's message disappear. E．Practice smiling in front of the mirror until you feel confident. F．Otherwise，the worker can't get along with superiors and coworkers. G．Control your nonverbal communication—facial expressions，body language and eye contact. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人际交往能力在工作中的重要性，并从四个方面介绍了提高人际交往能力的方法。 1．解析　上一句提到缺乏这些软技能的员工必须有意识地加强和培养这些技能。F项点明否则，员工无法与上级以及同事相处，符合语境。 答案　F 2．解析　上一句提到积极的倾听是一种必须学习和练习的技能。D项点明这可以避免漏掉说话者传递的信息，符合语境。 答案　D 3．解析　联系本段小标题和上一句可知，在说话之前，要学会思考，并且要能够清楚和认真地表达自己，避免沟通失败。G项点明要控制你的非言语交流——面部表情、肢体语言和眼神接触，这也是避免沟通失败的一种方式。 答案　G 4．解析　上一句提到合作是提高工作效率的关键。C项点明与他人良好的合作可以帮助你在事业上有所成就，同样说明了合作的重要性，符合语境。 答案　C 5．解析　下一句提到所有这些人际关系技能的基础是基本礼仪和礼貌的规则。A项点明要礼貌些，符合本段大意。 答案　A Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·浙江1月卷)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family­size this and multi­buy that.However，if you're shopping for one，buying extra 1. (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense.Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 2. you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh. Of course，shops are not charities—they price goods in the way 3. will make them the most money.If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities，that's 4. they'll promote.But that leaves the solo(单独)customers out of pocket and disappointed. Many supermarkets are no longer doing“buy one get one free”promotions because of the 5. (criticize)that they lead to waste.Consumers prefer money off individual items.However，though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages，it would help even more if they could sometimes 6. (offer) in smaller packs.Even the biggest sausage fan doesn't want to eat them every day. If your supermarket sells loose produce，then buying smaller quantities is easier.Over the last two years，some supermarkets 7. (start)selling chicken or salad in packs 8. (design)with two halves containing separate portions(份).Then，when you use one section，9. other stays fresh. Who knows，perhaps some of the more forward­looking 10. (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。超市促销所推行的家庭装或多买优惠策略不再受欢迎，相反散装或小包装商品更受顾客青睐。 1．解析　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语。根据空前的“buying extra”和空后的“from price reductions”可知，此处指多买一些为了从降价中获益，所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 答案　　to benefit 2．解析　考查固定句式。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，故填or。 答案　　or 3．解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句。从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way。所以应用关系代词。故填that或which。 答案　　that/which 4．解析　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句。从句中缺少宾语，且指事物，所以应用连接代词。故填what。 答案　　what 5．解析　考查名词。根据空前的“because of the”可知，空处应用名词作宾语。空后的that引导同位语从句，说明空处名词的具体内容。故填 criticism。 答案　　criticism 6．解析　考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，此处考查谓语动词。offer作动词，意为“提供”，主语 they代指前文中的“sausages”，与offer构成被动关系。且空前有情态动词could。故填be offered。 答案　　be offered 7．解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中时间状语“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语为复数名词supermarkets，与 start 之间是主动关系。故填 have started。 答案　　have started 8．解析　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查非谓语动词短语作后置定语。design 和逻辑主语packs之间构成动宾关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故填designed。 答案　　designed 9．解析　考查冠词。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配。故填the。 答案　　the 10．解析　考查代词。代词one意为“(某类人中的)一个”，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。 答案　　ones 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$