Unit 11 Section 4(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P22] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．She stood by the road，　stamping　(用力踩) her feet to stay warm. 2．The boss　swore　(咒骂) at the waitress when she broke a plate. 3．The treatment should be　repeated　(重复) every two to three hours. 4．He casually　mentioned　(提及，提到) that he was leaving his job. 5．After her fall，she　complained　(抱怨)that she couldn't bend her leg properly. 6．It was the most　violent　(暴力的) film that I have ever seen. 7．He kept a　firm　(强有力的) hold on my arm as he helped me over the fence. 8．The world would be watching to see how Africa's leaders would　respond　(反应). Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．They attacked the boys　violently　(violent) with pieces of wood. 2．The general has ordered a partial　withdrawal　(withdraw) of troops from the area. 3．Make sure the rope is　firmly　(firm) attached before attempting to climb down. 4．I looked in her face for some　response　(respond)，but she just stared at me blankly. 5．A few weeks later，he said that maybe he viewed all his relationships rather　negatively　(negative). 6．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world，it's actually concentrated to a small number of　extremely　(extreme) popular spots. 7．Don't repeat　what　I've told you to anyone；it's private. 8.　It　is recognized that the New Year message of President Xi Jinping is extremely inspiring. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．They　put forward　many valid reasons for not exporting. 他们提出了许多有根据的理由来反对出口。 2．Many factors　can lead to　growth retardation in unborn babies. 许多因素可以导致胎儿发育迟缓。 3．His boss often　swore at　him，sometimes for no reason at all. 老板经常骂他，有时毫无理由。 4．He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't really　come across　. 他讲了很久，但并没有人真正理解他的意思。 5．We are extremely grateful to you for the trouble you have taken　on our behalf　. 多蒙鼎力相助，不胜感谢。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·抚州高二下期末) AI & Theatre: A Discussion at the Library for the Performing Arts With the development of technology，there is a wide use of AI in many aspects of our lives.The Library for the Performing Arts invites you to an afternoon discussion next Thursday.In the discussion，the hope is neither to promote nor to denigrate(贬低)AI—instead，lectures will allow listeners to have an open discussion about the potential impacts of AI on theatre at a crucial stage in its technological advancement. Seating Policy Programs are free and open to all，but registration is requested a week earlier.Registered guests are given priority and allowed to check in 15 to 30 minutes before the start time and holding seats for anyone is prohibited.If you arrive after the program starts，your seat will be arranged at a special place by our staff.Food or drink is not allowed inside. Standby Line If registration has ended，do not worry! We welcome you to the library regardless of registration status and you can wait in our standby line.Five minutes before the program starts，all remaining seats are released to attendees in the standby line.While this is not guaranteed，we will do our best to get you into any of our programs. Assistive Listening and Interpretation Interpretation in English and the real­time caption (说明文字) are available on request.Please submit your request at least two weeks in advance by emailing us　ataccessibility@nypl.org　. Audio and Video Recording Programs may be photographed and recorded by the Library for the Performing Arts.If you would prefer your image not to be photographed，please let us know and we can seat you accordingly.Please note that all recordings，including professional video recordings，are not allowed during the discussion. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了关于人工智能的讨论。 1．What's the purpose of the discussion? A．To promote the application of AI. B．To show the disadvantages of AI. C．To explore the influence of AI on theater. D．To appreciate the development of technology. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“In the discussion，the hope is neither to promote nor to denigrate(贬低)AI—instead，lectures will allow listeners to have an open discussion about the potential impacts of AI on theatre at a crucial stage in its technological advancement.(在讨论中，我们希望既不推崇也不诋毁人工智能，相反，讲座将允许听众就人工智能在技术进步的关键阶段对戏剧的潜在影响进行公开讨论。)” 可知，该活动聚焦 AI对戏剧演出的影响。故选C。 答案　C 2．How can you ensure a seat at the discussion? A．Pay a registration fee. B．Sign up for it ahead of time. C．Wait in the standby line earlier. D．Contact the library staff a day ahead. 解析　细节理解题。根据Seating Policy的内容 “Programs are free and open to all，but registration is requested a week earlier.Registered guests are given priority and allowed to check in 15 to 30 minutes before the start time and holding seats for anyone is prohibited.(课程是免费的，对所有人开放，但要求提前一周注册。已登记的客人享有优先权，可以在开始时间前15到30分钟办理登机手续，禁止为任何人占座。)”可知，提前一周登记参会可以得到被分配好的座位。故选B。 答案　B 3．What can people do if they attend the discussion? A．Hold a seat for a friend. B．Ask for the real­time caption. C．Broadcast the discussion live. D．Take photos during the discussion. 解析　细节理解题。根据Assistive Listening and Interpretation 的内容“Interpretation in English and the real­time caption (说明文字) are available on request.(可应要求提供英语翻译和实时字幕。)”可知，参会者可以申请实时字幕。故选B。 答案　B B (2024·北京通州高二下期中)According to a new Agriculture Department report，U.S.forests could　exacerbate　global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet­warming gases as they get older.The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could release up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions (排放) from decaying (腐烂的) trees go beyond their carbon absorption.Forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070，the USDA report says. The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires，tornadoes and hurricanes，which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise.The disasters destroy forestland，destroying their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon，according to Lynn Riley，a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation.Aging forests also contribute.The report found that older，mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species，and U．S.forests are rapidly aging. This trend is likely to continue，as forests come under increasing threat from climate change and exploitation (开采).The typical tropical (热带的) forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s，according to Simon Lewis，professor in the school of geography at Leeds University.“Humans have been lucky so far，as tropical forests are cleaning up lots of our pollution，but they can't keep doing that indefinitely，” he said.“We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us.” U．S.forests currently absorb 11 percent of U．S.carbon emissions，or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year，equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants，according to the report.The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U．S.to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero.“As we work to decarbonize (碳减排)，forests are one of the greatest tools at our handling.If we were to lose that，it means we will contribute that much more in emissions.” Riley said. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国农业部的一份新报告称森林在未来可能会加剧全球变暖，而非缓解全球变暖，到2070年，森林甚至可能会成为主要的碳排放者。 4．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Relieve. B．Worsen. C．Address. D．Measure. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中“because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet­warming gases as they get older.(因为它们正在受到自然灾害的破坏，并且随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收地球变暖气体的能力。)”可知，森林受到自然灾害的破坏，且吸收温室气体的能力随着年龄在下降，所以可推知美国的森林可能会加剧全球变暖，划线词的意思为“加剧，使恶化”。故选B。 答案　B 5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The key role of forests in the ecosystem. B．The consequences of frequent natural disasters. C．The impact of rising global temperatures on forests. D．The reasons for forests' declining ability to absorb carbon. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第二段(碳吸收的减少在一定程度上是由野火、龙卷风和飓风等自然灾害造成的，随着全球气温的上升，这些自然灾害的频率和强度都在增加。美国森林基金会气候科学高级经理Lynn Riley表示，这些灾难破坏了林地，破坏了其生态系统，降低了其吸收碳的能力。老化的森林也起到了推波助澜的作用。报告发现，年龄较大、成熟的树木吸收的碳比同一物种的年轻树木少，美国的森林正在迅速老化)可知，本段主要列举了几个导致森林吸收碳能力减少的原因，如自然灾害、森林老化等。故选D。 答案　D 6．What does Simon Lewis suggest? A．Reducing fossil fuel emissions. B．Dealing with decaying trees in time. C．Planting younger trees on a large scale. D．Limiting the exploitation of forest resources. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us.(我们需要在全球碳循环开始对我们不利之前减少化石燃料的排放。)”可知，Simon Lewis建议减少化石燃料排放。故选A。 答案　A 7．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To stress the significance of forests. B．To offer suggestions on forest management. C．To present the efforts the U．S.has made to reach net zero. D．To show the increasing carbon emissions from coal power plants. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，森林在吸收碳方面起着重要作用，如果森林消失，意味着对排放量有非常高的要求，故本段主要是在强调森林的重要性。故选A。 答案　A Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·许昌高二下期末)After my graduation from college，I was always worried about my income.I was hopeful when I got a part­time job at a library，and happier when I got a 1 part­time job.But was I going to be able to 2 two jobs at the same time? I 3 ，looking out of the window. My eyes came to rest on a tree outside.A squirrel (松鼠) was making his way down the trunk.It was 4 because he was carrying a piece of bread.How was he going to 5 that? Obviously he couldn't climb up and down easily like other squirrels.He moved down，carefully holding onto the tree.“Be 6 ，” I thought，cheering him on in my mind.When he finally 7 the ground，he pulled the bread behind him.It was not 8 yet，but he kept trying! Obviously，this squirrel and I had a lot in common.I had my own bread to 9 and my own trees to climb.I moved from one 10 to another to follow the squirrel's 11 ．Slowly but surely，he made it to the road and 12 to check for cars.Finally，the squirrel crossed the road 13 with his meal.When he entered the bushes，I cheered though I couldn't 14 his next move.Then I went upstairs to get ready for the 15 before me.“You can do it，” I told myself. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者大学毕业后得到了两份兼职工作，但是他担心自己不能同时胜任两份工作，但是，一只松鼠的行动给了他勇气和希望。 1．A.similar B．popular C．better D．second 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我在图书馆找到一份兼职工作时，我充满希望；当我找到第二份兼职工作时，我更快乐了。A.similar相似的；B.popular流行的；C.better更好的；D.second第二的。根据上文中的“I was hopeful when I got a part­time job at a library，and happier”可知，这里作者表示得到“第二份”兼职会更高兴。故选D。 答案　D 2．A.deal with B．apply for C．depend on D．give up 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：但我能同时做两份工作吗？ A．deal with处理；B.apply for申请；C.depend on 依赖；D.give up放弃。根据上文“But was I going to be able to”中的 But可知，作者又得到一份兼职后，担心自己能不能同时“处理”这两份工作。故选A。 答案　A 3．A.cried B．thought C．expected D．explained 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我望着窗外想。A.cried哭泣；B.thought思考；C.expected期望；D.explained解释。根据上文中的“But was I going to be able to 2 　two jobs at the same time？”可知，此处指的是作者望着窗外“思考”的问题。故选B。 答案　B 4．A.frightening B．necessary C．difficult D．dangerous 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很困难，因为他带着一块面包。A.frightening令人害怕的；B.necessary 必要的；C.difficult 困难的；D.dangerous危险的。根据上文中的“A squirrel(松鼠) was making his way down the trunk.”和下文中的“because he was carrying a piece of bread”可知，作者见到松鼠沿着树干下去，还要带着面包，作者认为这有些“困难”。故选C。 答案　C 5．A.experience B．survive C．change D．manage 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他要怎么做到呢？A.experience经历；B.survive存活；C.change改变； D．manage应付，完成(困难的事)。根据下文中的“Obviously he couldn't climb up and down easily like other squirrels.”可知，作者猜测松鼠不能做到像其他松鼠那样轻松，由此可知，此处指的是松鼠该怎么“完成”呢？ 故选D。 答案　D 6．A.successful B．thankful C．careful D．useful 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“小心，”我想，在心里为他加油。A.successful成功的；B.thankful感激的； C．careful小心的；D.useful有用的。根据下文中的“I thought，cheering him on in my mind.”可知，作者在心中默默地提醒松鼠要“小心”。故选C。 答案　C 7．A.cleared B．reached C．left D．dug 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他终于到达地面时，他把面包拉到了身后。A.cleared清理；B.reached 到达； C．left 离开；D.dug挖掘。根据上文中的“He moved down，carefully holding onto the tree.”可知，此处指的是松鼠“到达”地上。故选 B。 答案　B 8．A.finished B．shared C．decided D．prepared 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还没有完成，但他一直在努力！A.finished完成；B.shared 分享；C.decided决定；D.prepared准备。根据下文中的“but he kept trying”可知，松鼠不断地尝试，由此可知，此处指事还没有“完成”。故选A。 答案　A 9．A.carry B．protect C．package D．hide 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有自己的面包要拿，有自己的树要爬。A.carry携带；B.protect保护；C.package打包； D．hide隐藏。根据上文中的“It was 4 because he was carrying a piece of bread.”以及“Obviously，this squirrel and I had a lot in common.”可知，此处指的是“我”有自己的面包要“携带”着。故选A。 答案　A 10．A.tree B．road C．window D．squirrel 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从一扇窗户移到另一扇窗户，跟随松鼠的脚步。A.tree树木；B.road马路；C.window窗户； D．squirrel松鼠。根据上文中的“I 3 ，looking out the window.”可知，刚才作者是看着窗外的，由此可知，此处指的是作者一个窗户挨着一个窗户地看松鼠的行动。故选C。 答案　C 11．A.progress B．business C．advice D．lead 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从一扇窗户移到另一扇窗户，跟随松鼠的脚步。A.progress进程；B.business商业；C.advice建议；D.lead领先，实例。根据下文中的“I cheered though I couldn't 14 his next move”可知，此处指作者跟着松鼠的“进程”观察着它的举动。故选A。 答案　A 12．A.promised B．stopped C．forgot D．pretended 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，但坚定地，他走到路上，停下来检查汽车。A.promised承诺；B.stopped停止；C.forgot忘记；D.pretended假装。根据上文中的“Slowly but surely，he made it to the road”可知，松鼠很谨慎地处理着一切，所以此处指的是在路上，松鼠“停下”来查看一下有没有车辆。故选 B。 答案　B 13．A.regularly B．anxiously C．safely D．secretly 解析　考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，松鼠带着他的食物安全地过了马路。A.regularly定期地；B.anxiously焦虑地；C.safely安全地；D.secretly偷偷地。根据下文中的“When he entered the bushes”可知，松鼠已经“安全地”过了马路。故选C。 答案　C 14．A.imagine B．watch C．explore D．plan 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他进入灌木丛时，我欢呼起来，尽管我看不到他的下一步行动。A.imagine想象；B.watch观察；C.explore探索；D.plan计划。根据上文中的“he entered the bushes”可知，松鼠进入灌木丛，所以作者无法“观察”到他接下来的行动。故选 B。 答案　B 15．A.adventures B．victories C．mistakes D．challenges 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我上楼准备迎接我面前的挑战。A.adventures冒险；B.victories 胜利；C.mistakes 错误；D.challenges挑战。根据下文中的“‘You can do it，’I told myself.”可知，作者在给自己加油，说明作者要迎接接下来的“挑战”。故选D。 答案　D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$