Unit 11 Section 3(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P19] Ⅰ.选词填空 1．He　might　(must/might) get here in time，but I can't be sure. 2．— How long　may　(may/must) I keep this book? — You may keep it for two weeks. 3．He　can't　(can't/mustn't) have missed the train; he arrived at the train station two hours early. 4．John，look at the time.　Must　(Must/Can) you play the piano at such a late hour? 5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)He　must　(might/must) have written a lot of notes after his first visit and read them over again before that second visit. 6．— That must be a mistake. —No，it　can't　(can't/mustn't) be a mistake. 7．If you work hard and finish it this week，you　shall　(shall/need) have Monday free next week. 8．I can make a lantern now，but I　couldn't　(can't/couldn't) when I was young. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Humans　can perform　very complex tasks with their hands. 人类可以用手完成非常复杂的任务。 2．I can't find my purse.I　could/might have left it　in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm not sure. 我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它忘在超市了，但我不敢肯定。 3．In today's information age，the loss of data　can cause serious problems　for a company. 在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失会给公司带来严重的问题。 4．I don't know where she is；she　may be in Wuhan　. 我不知道她在哪里，她可能在武汉。 5．Nobody knows how people first came to these islands.They　might have sailed　from South America on rafts. 没有人知道人们最初是如何来到这些岛屿的。他们可能是从南美乘木筏来的。 6．You　must be careful　with the camera.It costs! 你一定要小心照相机。它很贵！ 7．You　may feel all the training a waste of time　，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it. 你可能觉得所有的训练都是在浪费时间，但我百分之百地肯定你以后会感激你所做的。 8．It was so noisy that we　couldn't hear ourselves　speak. 太吵了，我们听不见自己说话。 Ⅲ.根据汉语提示补全短文 There was a ball last night.Some of my friends would like to 1.　take part in　(参加) it.So they 2.　persuaded me to join them　(说服我加入他们).I 3.　insisted　(坚持) that I was not good at dancing，but they said that I must go with them.4.　Dressed in/Wearing my favourite dress　(穿上我最喜欢的裙子)，we 5.　arrived before the ball started　(在舞会开始前到达).And then we 6.　looked for　(寻找) familiar faces.Surprisingly，I came across an old friend who I hadn't seen for many years.7.　She even didn't recognize me　(她甚至都没认出我来).All in all，we had a great time there. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·保定高二下期末)The city of Hangzhou，renowned for its natural beauty and historical significance，is a perfect destination for tourists to seek a blend of tranquility and culture.To explore the city's rich heritage，a variety of tours are available，catering to different preferences. Hangzhou Ancient Town Walking Tour Duration: 2.5 Hours This walking tour offers a unique opportunity to delve into the ancient alleys and streets of Hangzhou's old town.You will be guided through the historical sites，including the famous West Lake and the ancient Leifeng Pagoda.The knowledgeable guide will share stories of the past and insights into the local culture. Hangzhou Evening Cruise Tour Duration: 1.5 Hours Experience the enchanting beauty of Hangzhou at night on this evening cruise tour.Sailing along the tranquil waters of West Lake，you will witness the city's landmarks illuminated against the night sky.The cruise includes a light refreshment and a brief introduction to the history of the area. Hangzhou Tea Plantation Tour Duration: 3 Hours Discover the art of tea­making on this tour of a traditional tea plantation.Learn about the history of Hangzhou's tea culture，participate in a tea picking session，and enjoy a tea tasting ceremony.The tour ends with a visit to a local tea house for a traditional tea ceremony. Hangzhou Art and Culture Tour Duration: 3 Hours This tour is designed for art enthusiasts and history buffs.It includes visits to the Hangzhou Museum，the China National Silk Museum，and the Zhejiang Provincial Museum.Each museum houses a collection of artifacts that tell the story of Hangzhou's rich cultural heritage.An art historian will accompany the group，providing expert commentary. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。杭州市以其自然美景和历史意义而闻名，是游客寻求宁静与文化融合的理想目的地。文章介绍了酒店提供的探索这座城市丰富的遗产的旅游项目。 1．What is the main feature of Hangzhou Ancient Town Walking Tour? A．It includes a visit to the West Lake. B．It offers a tea tasting ceremony. C．It provides a light refreshment. D．It involves a boat ride. 解析　细节理解题。根据Hangzhou Ancient Town Walking Tour部分的“You will be guided through the historical sites，including the famous West Lake and the ancient Leifeng Pagoda.(在导游的带领下，你将游览历史名胜，包括著名的西湖和古老的雷峰塔。)”可知，杭州古镇徒步游的主要特色包括游览西湖。故选A。 答案　A 2．Which tour takes the shortest time? A．Hangzhou Ancient Town Walking Tour. B．Hangzhou Evening Cruise Tour. C．Hangzhou Tea Plantation Tour. D．Hangzhou Art and Culture Tour. 解析　细节理解题。根据四个旅游项目的时长“Duration: 2.5 Hours”“ Duration: 1.5 Hours”“ Duration: 3 Hours”“ Duration: 3 Hours”可知，时长最短的是Hangzhou Evening Cruise Tour。故选B。 答案　B 3．What distinguishes Hangzhou Art and Culture Tour from the other tours? A．It includes a tea ceremony. B．It offers a boat ride on West Lake. C．It focuses on art and historical artifacts. D．It involves walking through the old town. 解析　细节理解题。根据Hangzhou Art and Culture Tour部分的“This tour is designed for art enthusiasts and history buffs.(这次旅行是为艺术爱好者和历史爱好者设计的。)”可知，杭州文化艺术之旅与其它旅游项目不同的是它集中在艺术和历史文物上。故选C。 答案　C B There are many differences in ways of thinking between East and West.Many of them are reflected in daily behaviour.In particular，Chinese people sometimes attach more importance to their appearance and social status than to their inner qualities，while Westerners think the opposite.However，Socrates (Ancient Greek philosopher) and Confucius share significant similarities that are universal. Both philosophers share several teachings in common; for example，their understanding of the nature of knowledge and their opinions on education.Socrates believed “There is only one good，knowledge；and only one evil，ignorance.” Similarly，Confucius said，“Isn't it a pleasure to study and practice what you have learned？” But both also acknowledge the limits of knowledge.Socrates said: “All I know is that I know nothing.” Similarly，Confucius said，“When you know a thing，to hold you know it; when you don't know a thing，to allow you don't know it—this is knowledge.” However，there are important differences in their understanding of morality.Confucius believed each person should follow certain regulations according to virtue(德行).Everyone should play their role in a society where people are interdependent in order to achieve harmony in the whole society.For instance，when asked how to govern a country，Confucius stated “An emperor should act like an emperor，a subject should act like a subject.” Socrates，however，places self­knowledge over social knowledge. Another difference between them is their attitude towards political domination(支配).Confucius believed the best way to govern a country isn't through legal system，but through virtue.Socrates，by contrast，declared that “nothing is more important than justice”． Why have East and West developed such different cultural values? A widely accepted theory holds that Eastern civilization was an agricultural civilization.Hence the need for a collective society and friendly relations with neighbors was strong.Western civilization，however，was nomadic(游牧的).Their mobility makes them less dependent on society after migration. In spite of their differences，the two cultures have more in common than differences.The shared concern for moral values in the teachings of Socrates and Confucius also shows us more fundamental similarities between Eastern and Western cultures in their pursuit of virtuous lives. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文本主要在对比东西方两位哲学家思想的不同与共同之处。 4．What do the two philosophers share about knowledge? A．The learning of knowledge is easy. B．The learning of knowledge is endless. C．A man without knowledge is foolish. D．A man shall not pretend to understand. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“But both also acknowledge the limits of knowledge.Socrates said: ‘All I know is that I know nothing.’ Similarly，Confucius said，‘When you know a thing，to hold you know it; when you don't know a thing，to allow you don't know it—this is knowledge.’(但两者也都承认知识的局限性。苏格拉底说：‘我所知道的就是我一无所知。’孔子也说过：‘知其事，持其事；当你不知道一件事的时候，允许你不知道它——这就是知识。’)”可知，两个哲学家认为知识的学习是无止境的。故选B。 答案　B 5．Which of the following reflects the thoughts of Confucius in terms of morality? A．Nothing is more important than a legal system. B．I am not a Chinese，but a citizen of the world. C．Not everyone should play his own role in society. D．A man does what is proper to the position he is in. 解析　推理判断题。从第三段的“Everyone should play their role in a society where people are interdependent in order to achieve harmony in the whole society.For instance，when asked how to govern a country，Confucius stated ‘An emperor should act like an emperor，a subject should act like a subject.’(每个人都应该在人与人相互依存的社会中发挥自己的作用，以实现整个社会的和谐。例如，当被问及如何治理一个国家时，孔子说：‘皇帝应该像皇帝一样，臣民应该像臣民一样。’)”可知，孔子的思想即“君君臣臣，父父子子”，每个人根据自己所处的位置扮演好自己的角色。D项“A man does what is proper to the position he is in.(一个人做与他所处的地位相称的事。)”合乎题意。故选D。 答案　D 6．What is the root cause of the differences between Eastern and Western cultural values? A．The difference in political atmosphere. B．The difference in the length of history. C．The difference in economic development. D．The difference in levels of social dependency. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第五段(为什么东西方发展出如此不同的文化价值观？一个广为接受的理论认为东方文明是一种农业文明。因此，建立集体社会和与邻国建立友好关系的必要性非常强烈。然而，西方文明是游牧文明。他们的流动性使他们在移民后对社会的依赖程度降低。)可知，东西方价值观的差异最本质的原因是社会依赖程度的不同。故选D。 答案　D 7．What is the passage mainly about? A．Reasons for similarities of Eastern and Western cultures. B．The introduction of great figures of two different cultures. C．Comparisons of the thoughts of the two great philosophers. D．The contributions of two great philosophers to civilization. 解析　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There are many differences in ways of thinking between East and West.Many of them are reflected in daily behaviour.(东西方在思维方式上有许多不同之处。其中许多都反映在日常行为中。)”以及文章的最后一段(尽管存在差异，但这两种文化的共同点多于不同点。苏格拉底和孔子的教义中对道德价值的共同关注也向我们展示了东西方文化在追求美德生活方面的更多基本相似之处。)以及全文可知，文本主要在对比东西方两位哲学家思想的不同与共同之处。故选C。 答案　C Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·通化高二下期末)City parks and open space improve our physical and mental health，strengthen our communities，and make our cities and neighbourhoods more attractive places to live and work. 1 2 In Boulder，Colorado，a greenbelt added $5.4 million to the total property values of one neighbourhood.Other things being equal，there was a $4.20 decrease in the price of property for every foot one moved away from the greenbelt，and the average value of homes next to the greenbelt was 32% percent higher than those 3，200 feet away. Parks attract tourists. 3 As community landmarks，parks offer a marketing tool for cities to attract businesses and conferences.Parks can be used to hold festivals，concerts and athletics events，bringing additional boosts to the local economy. Green space provides rich ecosystem services. 4 The U．S.Forest Service found that over a 50­year lifetime，one tree produces $31，250 worth of oxygen，provides $62，000 worth of air pollution control，recycles $37，500 worth of water，and controls $31，250 worth of soil erosion (流失). A park's trees store water，reducing the rate at which it flows into a city's stormwater treatment facilities.Parks increase the amount of a city's pervious surfaces，which allow rainwater to pass slowly into the ground. 5 A．Your local city park may improve your health. B．Homebuyers prefer homes close to parks and open space. C．It makes a great contribution to the improvement of our living environment. D．They help fill hotel rooms and bring customers to local stores and restaurants. E．Building facilities to deal with that amount of stormwater would cost $38 million. F．Lots of studies have shown all kinds of benefits parks bring to a city and its people. G．Having trees and parks can decrease the necessary size of the city's stormwater management system. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城市公园和绿化带来的好处。 1．解析　前文“City parks and open space improve our physical and mental health，strengthen our communities，and make our cities and neighbourhoods more attractive places to live and work.(城市公园和开放空间改善了我们的身心健康，加强了我们的社区，使我们的城市和社区成为更具吸引力的生活和工作场所。)”讲述了城市公园和开放空间的作用，结合下文分段讲述的好处可知，空处应承上启下，引出下文内容，F项“大量研究表明，公园给城市及其人们带来了各种好处”符合题意。故选F。 答案　F 2．解析　根据下文“In Boulder，Colorado，a greenbelt added $5.4 million to the total property values of one neighbourhood.Other things being equal，there was a $4.20 decrease in the price of property for every foot one moved away from the greenbelt，and the average value of homes next to the greenbelt was 32% percent higher than those 3，200 feet away.(在科罗拉多州博尔德市，一个绿化带为一个社区的总房地产价值增加了540万美元。在其他条件相同的情况下，每离开绿化带一英尺，房价就会下降4.20美元，绿化带旁房屋的平均价值比3200英尺外的房屋高32%。)”可知，下文讲述了距离绿化带越近房产价值越高，反之则越低，由此可知，空处应陈述的是与之相对应的现象，B项“购房者更喜欢靠近公园和空地的房子”符合题意。故选B。 答案　B 3．解析　前文“Parks attract tourists.(公园吸引游客。)”讲述了公园吸引游客，空后应进一步讲述游客带来的好处，D项“他们帮助填满酒店房间，并将顾客带到当地的商店和餐馆”符合题意，They指代前文的tourists。故选D。 答案　D 4．解析　前文“Green space provides rich ecosystem services.(绿地提供丰富的生态系统服务。)”讲述了绿地对生态系统有益，后文“The U．S.Forest Service found that over a 50­year lifetime，one tree produces $31，250 worth of oxygen，provides $62，000 worth of air pollution control，recycles $37，500 worth of water，and controls $31，250 worth of soil erosion(流失).(美国林业局发现，在50年的寿命中，一棵树产生价值31 250美元的氧气，提供价值62 000美元的空气污染控制，回收价值37 500美元的水，并控制价值31 250美元的土壤侵蚀。)”具体讲述了公园对环境的改善，C项“它对改善我们的生活环境作出了巨大贡献”符合题意。故选C。 答案　C 5．解析　根据前文“A park's trees store water，reducing the rate at which it flows into a city's stormwater treatment facilities.Parks increase the amount of a city's pervious surfaces，which allow rainwater to pass slowly into the ground.(公园的树木可以储存水，从而降低流入城市雨水处理设施的速度。公园增加了城市透水表面的数量，使雨水能够缓慢地进入地面。)”可知，前面讲述了公园树木储水的作用，G项“拥有树木和公园可以减少城市雨水管理系统的必要规模”承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 答案　G Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·宁德高二下期末)Wearing new clothes is a traditional Chinese custom for celebrating the Lunar New Year.During this Spring Festival holiday，the traditional skirt mamianqun，1. (literal) meaning “horse­face skirt”，has become 2. favorite choice of the younger generation as the “New Year's New Dress.” Mamianqun is one of the main styles of hanfu，3. is the traditional outfit worn by the Han people in China.This skirt looks like the horse face fortifications (防御工事) on ancient city walls，so it gets the name “horse­face skirt”．The history of the skirt can 4. (trace) back to the Song Dynasty.By the Ming and Qing dynasties，mamianqun had become the most typical style for women.Its style has undergone a series of 5. (change)，from the fresh and elegant Ming Dynasty to the magnificent and 6. (wealth) Qing Dynasty.However，its “horse­face” structure has always been deeply rooted. In recent years，Chinese people 7. (wear) traditional clothing can be almost seen everywhere.Clothing has a strong association 8. cultural identity.Chinese consumers' pride with traditional culture has been growing，leading 9. (they) to prefer products with cultural heritage.This trend 10. (reflect) not just a choice in daily consumption but also the revival of China's rich culture. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统服饰马面裙。 1．解析　考查副词。句意：在这个春节假期，“马面裙”这种传统裙子成了年轻一代作为“新年新衣”的首选。修饰动词meaning，需用副词literally，作状语。故填literally。 答案　literally 2．解析　考查冠词。句意同上。choice为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且favorite发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 答案　a 3．解析　考查定语从句。句意：马面裙是汉服的主要款式之一，汉服是中国汉族的传统服装。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词hanfu，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 答案　which 4．解析　考查被动语态。句意：裙子的历史可以追溯到宋朝。The history of the skirt和trace为被动关系，需用被动语态，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形。故填be traced。 答案　be traced 5．解析　考查名词。句意：它的风格经历了一系列的变化，从清新优雅的明朝到华丽富裕的清朝。空处需填名词作宾语，a series of修饰可数名词复数形式。故填changes。 答案　changes 6．解析　考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词短语Qing Dynasty，空处需填形容词wealthy，作定语。故填wealthy。 答案　wealthy 7．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，穿着传统服装的中国人几乎随处可见。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰Chinese people，wear和Chinese people为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填wearing。 答案　wearing 8．解析　考查介词。句意：服装与文化身份有着密切的联系。have an association with意为“与……有联系”。故填with。 答案　with 9．解析　考查代词。句意：中国消费者对传统文化的自豪感不断增强，导致他们更喜欢有文化底蕴的产品。空处作宾语，需填they的宾格形式them。故填them。 答案　them 10．解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这一趋势不仅反映了日常消费的选择，也反映了中国丰富文化的复兴。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为this trend，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填reflects。 答案　reflects 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$