Unit 11 Section 2(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P16] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)There's a　warning　(警报) for strong winds up to 100 kilometers per hour. 2．It is anger that leads to　violence　(暴力) and loss of control. 3．One should never make public　property　(财产) one's private possession. 4．I　recalled　(回忆) the way they had been dancing together. 5．Several people were　arrested　(arrest) but nobody was charged. 6．They could not　vote　(投票) or choose their leaders then. 7．I don't want to　bother　(打扰) her with my problems at the moment. 8．At first the new surroundings were difficult for me to　tolerate　(容忍). 9．We received a number of　complaints　(投诉) from customers about the lack of parking facilities. 10．The lawyer's advice led to the　resolution　(解决) of this difficult problem. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He　has been voted　(vote) National Sports Writer of the Year eleven times. 2．Nobody can tolerate　being cheated　(cheat)，and that's why he has no friend. 3．I don't know if Shally's coming.I didn't bother　asking/to ask　(ask). 4．You can not make egg rolls　without　breaking eggs. 5.　While/Though/Although　she is a top student，she has some shortcomings. 6．Last Monday，I　was walking　(walk) in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. 7．He had just fallen into sleep　when　the phone rang. 8．He was beginning to get　annoyed　(annoy) with me about my carelessness. 9．I have many　pleasant　(please) recollections of the time we spent together. 10．She made a　resolution　(resolve) to visit her relatives more often. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Therefore，try not to　be prejudiced against　anyone just because his taste is different from yours. 因此，不要只因别人与你品位不同就对他们怀有偏见。 2．Last month I　was in trouble　with the police. 上个月我跟警察有些纠纷。 3．Damming the river　may end up　benefiting those who need it the least. 在河上建大坝最终可能有利于那些最不需要大坝的人。 4．The answer had come to him　in a flash　. 他一下子就有了答案。 5．Firefighters　took action　immediately to stop the blaze spreading. 消防队员立即采取了行动制止大火蔓延。 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Drummer Hits the Road Ma Ming，1.　a　drummer and bachelor，often held parties at night，2.　which　has caused many complaints from his neighbours about loss of sleep.Since Ma Ming 3.　moved　(move) into the building，they have rarely got a full night's sleep.Moreover，one neighbour also claimed that Ma had a bad influence on his son.Finally，Ma Ming had to leave his furnished apartment.His departure has made his neighbours' life return 4.　to　normal. Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many Smith，a keen gardener and fish collector，lives above the McKays.5.　Unluckily　(luck)，the water he sent over his balcony every day dropped on the McKays' floor，or too often，on the McKays 6.　themselves　(them).It was not so much water falling onto their balcony 7.　but　the way he cleaned his fish tanks that bothered them.They were sitting there happily 8.　reading　(read) their newspapers when so much water would come from above so that they got wet all over. One Saturday evening，when it was James' birthday，Smith 9.　emptied　(empty) one larger tank and both the McKays and the cake were wet through.James couldn't tolerate it any more.He was up there in a flash and hit Smith on the head with his walking stick.As a result，James spent Saturday night in jail but he said it was definitely the most 10.　exciting　(excite) birthday ever. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·通化高二下期末)Art is a reflection of society and culture.It helps us understand what we are as human beings and influences how we relate to each other.It's also an expression of creativity that can be used for self­reflection or social influence. Art is important to individuals for many different reasons.Art is highly subjective and also very personal and has long been a medium where individuals can express their feelings and emotions. For many people，art has always been a part of their lives and is an essential part of their personality or who they are.Art has the ability to help people get through some of the hardest times in their lives. Art helps people connect with one another on a deeper level，whether by speaking your language or by imagining your thoughts differently.Some artworks speak to someone more than others，and everyone will have a piece of art that is particularly important or special to them. Art has been a part of human culture for many centuries.It has been used to express emotions，to communicate ideas and it has been a way to pass down knowledge from one generation to another.So it is important in our cultural and social lives.Art also plays a role in recording history，and many artworks help us paint a picture of what life was like in previous generations. Art is also particularly important as a symbol of culture across the world.Research has shown that art can affect the basic sense of self.Folk arts，for example，are highly unique to specific cultures and tell the history and rich traditions of a region.Painting，architecture，art sculpture，music，literature and many other fine arts can be considered a repository (宝库) of a given society's collective memory. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了艺术对个人以及我们的历史文化传承的重要性。 1．What can art help people do according to the text? A．Control their feelings. B．Connect with artworks. C．Deal with tough times. D．Make more money. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Art has the ability to help people get through some of the hardest times in their lives.(艺术有能力帮助人们度过人生中最艰难的时刻。)”可知，艺术可以帮助人们应对艰难时刻。故选C。 答案　C 2．What can we infer from paragraph 5? A．Art is the best way to pass down knowledge in old times. B．People always use artworks to express their feelings instead of words. C．Art gives us an idea of how people lived before. D．The value of artworks hasn't been discovered until now. 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Art also plays a role in recording history，and many artworks help us paint a picture of what life was like in previous generations.(艺术在记录历史方面也发挥着作用，许多艺术品帮助我们描绘了前几代人的生活。)”可知，艺术可以记录历史，帮助人们了解以前人们的生活。由此推知，艺术让我们了解以前的人是如何生活的。故选C。 答案　C 3．How does the author develop the last paragraph? A．By exploring reasons. B．By having a discussion. C．By providing numbers. D．By giving an example. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Folk arts，for example，are highly unique to specific cultures and tell the history and rich traditions of a region.Painting，architecture，art sculpture，music，literature and many other fine arts can be considered a repository (宝库) of a given society's collective memory.(例如，民间艺术是特定文化的高度独特性，讲述了一个地区的历史和丰富的传统。绘画、建筑、艺术雕塑、音乐、文学和许多其他美术可以被视为特定社会集体记忆的宝库。)”可推知，作者通过列举民间艺术、绘画、建筑等例子来阐述自己的观点。故选D。 答案　D 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Where Can We Find Artworks? B．Pass Down the Artworks C．Why Is Art Important? D．Learn History from Art 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Art is a reflection of society and culture.It helps us understand what we are as human beings and influences how we relate to each other.It's also an expression of creativity that can be used for self­reflection or social influence.(艺术是社会和文化的反映。它帮助我们理解我们作为人是什么，并影响我们如何相互联系。它也是一种创造力的表达，可以用于自我反思或社会影响。)”、第二段首句“Art is important to individuals for many different reasons.(由于许多不同的原因，艺术对个人来说很重要)”、第五段首句“Art has been a part of human culture for many centuries.(几个世纪以来，艺术一直是人类文化的一部分。)”、最后一段首句“Art is also particularly important as a symbol of culture across the world.(艺术作为全世界文化的象征也特别重要。)”等可知，本文主要从个人、文化等方面阐述了艺术的重要性。由此推知，C项“为什么艺术很重要？”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。 答案　C B When people find themselves in difficult conflicts，they often turn to mediation (调解).Mediators are advised to listen attentively，avoid favoring the ideas of one party，and make both sides feel at ease.Surprisingly，new research that my colleagues and I conducted shows that，to effectively help people settle their conflicts，mediators should adopt a hostile (敌意的) attitude rather than a calming one.A hostile mediator，we find，brings better results than a nice one. Why would adding more negativity(消极性) to an already hostile situation prove beneficial? Consider how parents typically react when they can't get their children to stop quarreling：“I don't care who started it.Both of you go to your rooms！” At first sight，a calm mediator seems likely to be more effective.But as anyone with brothers or sisters knows，parents' seemingly (看上去) unsympathetic treatment of the situation can have an unusual effect. In our research，we created situations in which pairs of negotiators were part of a heated conflict.In some cases，the mediator had a “nice” approach—calm and polite.In others，he was hostile—aggressive and somewhat rude.Across different types of conflicts，we found that negotiators were more willing and able to reach an agreement in the presence (在场) of a hostile mediator than in the presence of a nice one. The main result of the test is not that hostility pays off.In fact，recent research has documented the social costs of negative behavior.For example，being the target of rude behavior reduces people's performance on a variety of tasks.Other research shows the social benefits of positive behavior.People are more likely to close deals and become future business partners. Even with the widespread social benefits of positive behavior and costs of negative behavior，hostility can pay off in certain situations. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。当人们发现自己陷入难解的冲突时，他们往往求助于调解。建议调解员认真听取意见，避免偏袒一方的意见，使双方感到放心。即使积极行为有广泛的社会效益而消极行为具有一定的代价，敌意也能在某些情况下奏效。 5．What is the parents' settlement of conflicts in paragraph 2? A．It's calming and wise. B．It's arbitrary but effective. C．It's commonly adopted. D．It harms family relationship. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘I don't care who started it.Both of you go to your rooms！’．..parents' seemingly unsympathetic treatment of the situation can have an unusual effect.”可知，第二段中提到的父母的方法虽然有些武断，但是对孩子之间矛盾的解决很有效。故选B。 答案　B 6．How does the author support his viewpoints? A．By giving examples and experimenting. B．By analyzing causes and effects. C．By presenting facts. D．By making comparison. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Consider how parents typically react when they can't get their children to stop quarreling”和第三段中对所做实验的介绍可知，作者通过提供例子和做实验来证明观点。故选A。 答案　A 7．Which best describes the author's attitude in the text? A．Concerned. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Positive. 解析　推理判断题。文中作者在第二、三段讨论了调解者采取敌意态度的这种消极行为的作用和力量，同时在第四段也指出了积极行为的好处以及消极行为的代价。所以作者的态度是客观的。故选C。 答案　C 8．What could be the best title of the text? A．The Significance of Effective Mediation B．The Costs of Negative Behavior C．The Benefits of Positive Behavior D．The Surprising Power of Hostility 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A hostile mediator，we find，brings better results than a nice one”，第二段中的“Why would adding more negativity (消极性) to an already hostile situation prove beneficial？”，第三段段末的“...we found that negotiators ...a hostile mediator than in the presence of a nice one”以及最后一段中的“hostility can pay off in certain situations”可知，作者主要介绍调解者采取的敌意态度的出乎意料的力量，所以D项作文章的标题最佳。故选D。 答案　D Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·白银高二下期末)My life experienced ups and downs.I was never interested to be a 1 but things changed.When computers became my companions，I realized I should start learning about them.I was 2 by this thought that I decided to get a degree in IT. Coming from a middle­class family，I felt the huge tuition was a great 3 ．My English was poor.But I never 4 ，and it was my father who pushed me to pursue the 5 I wanted. I decided to 6 this university which promised its students to help them gain the knowledge 7 ．During my first month it was difficult to 8 the accent of the Americans.As the days passed by，it got 9 when more and more students couldn't understand the subjects and concepts. I took it as a challenge and never thought about the fact that I don't have enough 10 to buy food or I am new to programming.I believed in hard work and that's my 11 ．And I had many chances to learn the computer in person.Right now I am 12 with a degree and an employment asking me to start right after finishing school. For anyone of you who feels 13 or thinks yourself can never achieve anything，you need to believe in yourself and start 14 on your dreams.To be successful，you need to start from somewhere and always question yourself about how far you would go to 15 your goal. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。我们的人生会经历各种大起大落，甚至会有很多想要放弃的时刻。本文主要叙述了作者所经历的低谷期以及在遇到困难时的所作所为。 1．A.cleaner B．barber C．player D．programmer 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未对成为一名程序员感兴趣，但情况发生了变化。A.cleaner清洁工；B.barber理发师；C.player运动员；D.programmer程序员。根据“When computers became my companions，I realized I should start learning about them.”可知，作者从未想过自己会成为程序员。故选D。 答案　D 2．A.amazed B．disappointed C．alarmed D．annoyed 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个想法让我很惊讶，于是我决定攻读IT学位。A.amazed使惊讶；B.disappointed使失望；C.alarmed使惊恐；D.annoyed使恼怒。根据上文“My life experienced ups and downs.I was never interested to be a 1 ”可知，作者对于自己想要成为程序员的想法感到惊讶。故选A。 答案　A 3．A.promise B．difficulty C．agreement D．difference 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我来自一个中产阶级家庭，巨额的学费对我来说是个很大的困难。A.promise诺言；B.difficulty困难；C.agreement协议；D.difference差异。根据“Coming from a middle­class family，I felt the huge tuition”可知，作者觉得巨额的学费是个很大的困难。故选B。 答案　B 4．A.gave up B．broke down C．set off D．held on 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：但我从未放弃，是我的父亲推动我去追求我想要的学位。A.gave up放弃；B.broke down分解，出故障；C.set off出发；D.held on坚持下去，继续。根据“Coming from a middle­class family，I felt the huge tuition was a great 3 ．My English was poor.”可知，面对重重困难，作者并没有放弃。故选A。 答案　A 5．A.card B．harmony C．degree D．fame 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.card卡片；B.harmony和谐；C.degree学位；D.fame名声。根据上文“I decided to get a degree in IT.”可知，此处是信息词degree的词汇复现。故选C。 答案　C 6．A.leave B．choose C．remember D．visit 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定选择这所承诺帮助学生快速获得知识的大学。A.leave离开；B.choose选择；C.remember记得；D.visit访问，参观。根据“this university which promised its students to help them gain the knowledge 7 ”可知，作者决定选择的是承诺帮助学生迅速获取知识的大学。故选B。 答案　B 7．A.generously B．strangely C．quickly D．vividly 解析　考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.generously慷慨地；B.strangely奇怪地；C.quickly迅速地；D.vividly生动地。根据“which promised its students to help them gain the knowledge”可知，这家大学帮助学生快速获得知识。故选C。 答案　C 8．A.conclude B．analyse C．imagine D．understand 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的第一个月里，很难听懂美国人的口音。A.conclude得出结论；B.analyse分析；C.imagine想象；D.understand理解。根据“the accent of the Americans.”可知，作者认为美国人的口音很难听懂。故选D。 答案　D 9．A.shallower B．neater C．noisier D．rougher 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的流逝，越来越多的学生不能理解科目和概念，这变得越来越艰难。A.shallower更浅的；B.neater更干净的；C.noisier更吵闹的；D.rougher更艰难的。根据“when more and more students couldn't understand the subjects and concepts.”可知，越来越多的学生不能理解科目和概念，这让学习变得越来越艰难。故选D。 答案　D 10．A.intention B．money C．time D．chance 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把它当作一个挑战，从来没有想过我没有足够的钱买食物，或者我是一个编程新手。A.intention打算；B.money钱；C.time时间；D.chance机会。根据“to buy food”可知，作者没有足够的钱买食物。故选B。 答案　B 11．A.strength B．dream C．life D．future 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信努力，这是我的优势。A.strength力量，优势；B.dream梦想；C.life生活；D.future未来。根据“I believed in hard work”可知，作者认为努力是自己的优势。故选A。 答案　A 12．A.studying B．researching C．graduating D．chatting 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在我毕业了，有一份工作要求我在完成学业后马上开始。A.studying学习；B.researching研究；C.graduating毕业；D.chatting聊天。根据“right after finishing school”可知，作者毕业了。故选C。 答案　C 13．A.depressed B．lonely C．happy D．proud 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于那些感到沮丧或认为自己一事无成的人来说，你需要相信自己，开始为你的梦想而努力。A.depressed抑郁的，沮丧的；B.lonely孤独的；C.happy高兴的；D.proud骄傲的。根据“thinks yourself can never achieve anything”可知，与认为自己一事无成的人对应，此处指那些感到沮丧的人。故选A。 答案　A 14．A.counting B．living C．putting D．working 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.counting数；B.living生存；C.putting放；D.working工作。根据“on your dreams”可知，此处表示为梦想而努力，work on your dreams，意为“实现你的目标”。故选D。 答案　D 15．A.achieve B．finish C．lose D．copy 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：要想成功，你需要从某个地方开始，并经常问自己，为了实现目标，你会走多远。A.achieve获得，实现；B.finish完成；C.lose失去；D.copy复制。根据“To be successful”可知，此处表示为了实现目标。故选A。 答案　A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$