Unit 10 Section 6(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P13] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．We　appealed　(呼吁) to the villagers for money to build the bridge. 2．She was on the point of saying something when you　interrupted　(打断) her. 3．The government has agreed to forgive a large part of the　debt　(债务). 4．They have been campaigning to improve the　legal　(合法的) status of women. 5.　Forgiveness　(宽恕) is beneficial to your physical and mental health. 6．It helps to share your　sorrow　(悲伤) with someone else. 7．We want more　participation　(参与) in the decision­making. 8．The general overthrew the last　emperor　(皇帝) of that country and established a public. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．I find the idea of $1，000，000 dollars a year very　appealing　(appeal). 2．They dropped to their knees and begged　forgiveness　(forgive). 3．He was in deep　sorrow　(sorrowful) when he heard that his dog had died. 4．My cousin came to see me from the countryside，　bringing　(bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits. 5．More than one farmer singer　has　(have) appeared on the stage of the Spring Festival Gala. 6．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission　to participate　(participate). Ⅲ.完成句子 1.　It is bad manners to interrupt　others when they are talking. 打断别人说话是不礼貌的。 2．　The chemistry lab　is twice higher than that physics lab. 这个化学实验室比那个物理实验室高两倍。 3．　It's not surprising that　you are tired；you didn't go to bed until 3 a．m.last night. 你累一点也不奇怪，你昨晚直到凌晨3点才上床睡觉。 4．We should　appeal to people to save things　that the nature offers to us as well. 我们同样应该呼吁人们节约大自然赋予我们的东西。 5．We've asked the neighbors　to keep an eye on the house for us　while we are away. 我们已请邻居在我们离开时帮我们照看一下房子。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Imagine you have made plans with a new friend to talk on the phone.You called but there was no answer—and you didn't get a call back.What happened? Perhaps he got held up by a work obligation.Perhaps he didn't want to meet but didn't bother to cancel.Or perhaps he had a busy week and simply forgot to write down your appointment time. In social situations like this，our minds can produce various explanations，ranging from ones that are more understanding to ones that assign blame to the other party.Psychologists refer to this as our attributional style.Past research has found that individuals with a “hostile” attributional style tend to be less satisfied with their relationships. According to a new study，they're also less happy overall.The researchers can't say for sure whether seeing people as hostile directly lowers our happiness，or whether unhappy people are just more likely to make hostile attribution in the first place.However，this study does suggest the possibility that giving people the benefit of the doubt is a practice to improve our relationships and wellbeing. Dorota Jasielska，lead researcher of the study，suggests that we start by developing positive and trusting social relationships.When we find ourselves surrounded by warmth and support，it can help us see the social world in a kinder light.Another important strategy is to have open and direct communication.Instead of letting your anxieties get worse，it may be better to simply talk to people about their confusing behaviour. So the next time a friend cancels plans or forgets to text back，consider giving him the benefit of the doubt and waiting to hear his side of things before jumping to conclusions.Assuming others have good intentions will make the world seem like a friendlier place. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。在一些令人困惑的社交行为中，我们的大脑可以提供多种解释，从善意的解释到指责对方的解释。心理学家称之为归因风格。 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By giving an example. B．By asking a question. C．By giving a definition. D．By telling a story. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，作者是通过举例来引入文章主题的。故选A。 答案　A 2．What is the attributional style? A．To show an understanding of one's mistake. B．To imagine a particular social situation. C．To find out the cause of social phenomena. D．To make assumptions on uncertain things. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In social situations like this，our minds can produce various explanations，ranging from ones that are more understanding to ones that assign blame to the other party.Psychologists refer to this as our attributional style.”可知，归因风格是指对不确定的事情做假设。故选D。 答案　D 3．What can make us happier according to the study? A．Finding common interests with others. B．Making positive excuses for others. C．Improving social communication. D．Being friendly to others. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However，this study does suggest the possibility that giving people the benefit of the doubt is a practice to improve our relationships and wellbeing.”可知，根据这项研究，善意地猜测他人能让我们更快乐。故选B。 答案　B 4．What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about? A.Importance of reaching out and making friends. B．Strategies for having effective communication. C．Advice on handling confusing social behaviour. D．Methods for improving our social relationships. 解析　主旨大意题。根据最后两段内容可知，这两段主要讲了处理令人困惑的社会行为的建议。故选C。 答案　C B (2024·九省联考)In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People，Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument—and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common，but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights，which is how we often think of them.Like physical fights，verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied.Even when you win，you end up no better off.You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—like，say，tennis tournaments.Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered.Everybody else loses.This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments. However，there are ways to win an argument every time.When you state your position，formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good.When you talk with someone who takes a stand，ask them to give you a reason for their view and　spell out　their argument fully.Assess its strength and weakness.Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies.This method will require effort，but practice will make you better at it. These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people，learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them.If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。 5．What is the author's attitude toward Carnegie's understanding of argument? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Uncertain. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“This distaste for arguments is common，but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义。)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度，故选A。 答案　A 6．Why do many people try to avoid arguments? A．They lack debating skills. B．They may feel bad even if they win. C．They fear being ignored. D．They are not confident in themselves. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Like physical fights，verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied.Even when you win，you end up no better off.You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—like，say，tennis tournaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方流血。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕。)”可知，很多人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。 答案　B 7．What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Defend. B．Explain. C．Conclude. D．Repeat. 解析　词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“ask them to give you a reason for their view”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spell out意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。 答案　B 8．What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author? A．Sense of logic. B．Solid supporting evidence. C．Proper manners. D．Understanding from both sides. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to ‘win’ an argument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢得’争论的本质。)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选D。 答案　D Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·昆明高二下期末)At an animal shelter，my three­year­old son Beau and I were picking a cat.He was 1 by tiny furry creatures waiting for their forever home.Suddenly，out of nowhere，a brown one 2 himself on Beau's knees.Delighted at the attention，Beau and I 3 decided to adopt the cat named Sandy. Back home，a special 4 quickly formed between the two as they spent every waking minute together.Their friendship seemed 5 ． One night in April，I 6 from the dream with a start when I felt Sandy biting at my hair.It's too early，I thought，trying to shoo him away.But Sandy 7 ．That's when I noticed that Beau was having a seizure (癫痫). 8 ，I called an ambulance.Then，I grabbed a blanket and put it under Beau's head so he wouldn't 9 himself.After that，I turned Beau to his side to keep his airway 10 ． The ambulance arrived and 11 the hospital and then Beau was 12 into the emergency room.The doctor said if we hadn't found him in time，he would have died. Now，ten years later，Sandy and Beau remain the best of friends.Beau，a real 13 ，loves rock climbing and snorkeling (潜水)，and Sandy still 14 sleeping on Beau's bed at night! We had never thought that our 15 of Sandy would someday bring Beau a lifesaver! [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和儿子在动物收容所收养了一只名叫桑迪的猫，儿子和猫关系很好，而桑迪也救了癫痫发作的儿子一命。 1．A.observed B．shocked C．surrounded D．disturbed 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他被一群毛茸茸的小动物包围着，它们正等待着永远的家。A.observed观察；B.shocked使震惊；C.surrounded围绕；D.disturbed打扰。根据后文“by tiny furry creatures waiting for their forever home”指被小动物包围着。故选C。 答案　C 2．A.involved B．seated C．exposed D．helped 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，不知从哪儿冒出来一个棕色的家伙坐在小博的膝盖上。A.involved涉及；B.seated就座；C.exposed暴露；D.helped帮助。根据后文“himself on Beau's knees”指这只猫坐在博的膝盖上，为短语seat oneself on表示“坐下”。故选B。 答案　B 3．A.casually B．cautiously C．gradually D．immediately 解析　考查副词词义辨析。句意：博和我很高兴得到它的关注，立即决定收养这只名叫桑迪的猫。A.casually随意地；B.cautiously谨慎地；C.gradually逐渐地；D.immediately立即。根据后文“decided to adopt the cat named Sandy”可知，他们立即决定收养这只猫。故选D。 答案　D 4．A.bond B．pattern C．concept D．habit 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：回到家后，他们俩之间很快就形成了一种特殊的联系，因为他们醒着的每一分钟都在一起。A.bond连接；B.pattern模式；C.concept概念；D.habit习惯。根据后文“they spent every waking minute together”可知，他们俩之间很快就形成了一种特殊的联系，故选A。 答案　A 5．A.unstable B．unbreakable C．unacceptable D．unpredictable 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的友谊似乎牢不可破。A.unstable不稳定的；B.unbreakable牢不可破的；C.unacceptable不可接受的；D.unpredictable无法预测的。根据上文“as they spent every waking minute together.”可知，猫和儿子的关系很亲密，友谊似乎牢不可破。故选B。 答案　B 6．A.woke B．escaped C．recovered D．fell 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：四月的一个晚上，我从梦中惊醒，感到桑迪在咬我的头发。A.woke醒来；B.escaped逃走；C.recovered恢复；D.fell落下。根据后文“from the dream with a start when I felt Sandy biting at my hair”可知，作者从梦中醒来，故选A。 答案　A 7．A.explained B．fought C．left D．persisted 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：但桑迪坚持这么做。A.explained解释；B.fought战斗；C.left离开；D.persisted坚持。根据上文but表示转折可知，虽然作者驱赶猫，但是猫还是坚持咬作者的头发。故选D。 答案　D 8．A.Panicked B．Annoyed C．Frustrated D．Puzzled 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我惊慌失措，叫了救护车。A.Panicked恐慌的；B.Annoyed生气的；C.Frustrated沮丧的；D.Puzzled困惑的。根据上文“That's when I noticed that Beau was having a seizure.(这时我注意到博癫痫发作了)”可知，儿子发病了，作者惊慌失措。故选A。 答案　A 9．A.lose B．injure C．defend D．control 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我抓起一条毯子垫在博的头下面，这样他就不会伤到自己了。A.lose失去；B.injure伤害；C.defend防御；D.control控制。根据上文“I grabbed a blanket and put it under Beau's head so he wouldn't”可知，拿毯子是为了防止癫痫发作的儿子伤害自己。故选B。 答案　B 10．A.dry B．healthy C．clear D．narrow 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：之后，我把博侧过身来保持他的呼吸道畅通。A.dry干燥的；B.healthy健康的；C.clear畅通的；D.narrow狭窄的。根据上文“After that I turned Beau to his side to keep his airway”可知，侧身是为了保持呼吸道畅通。故选C。 答案　C 11．A.settled in B．ran into C．sped to D．removed from 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：救护车赶到了医院，然后把博推进了急诊室。A.settled in适应；B.ran into遇见；C.sped to快速驶向；D.removed from去除。根据上文“The ambulance arrived and”可知，来接儿子的救护车到了，加速开往医院，故选C。 答案　C 12．A.driven B．wheeled C．dragged D．guided 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：救护车赶到了医院，然后把博推进了急诊室。A.driven驾驶；B.wheeled推，拉(带轮运输工具)，滚动；C.dragged拖拉；D.guided指导。根据后文“into the emergency room”可知，儿子被推进了急诊室。故选B。 答案　B 13．A.thrill­seeker B．bread­winner C．secret­keeper D．mind­reader 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：博是一个真正的寻求刺激的人，喜欢攀岩和潜水，桑迪晚上仍然喜欢睡在博的床上！A.thrill­seeker寻求刺激的人；B.bread­winner养家糊口的人；C.secret­keeper保守秘密的人；D.mind­reader能测人心思者。根据后文“loves rock climbing and snorkeling”可知，儿子是一个寻求刺激的人，故选A。 答案　A 14．A.minds B．rejects C．favors D．considers 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：博是一个真正的寻求刺激的人，喜欢攀岩和潜水，桑迪晚上仍然喜欢睡在博的床上！A.minds介意；B.rejects拒绝；C.favors喜欢；D.considers考虑。根据后文“sleeping on Beau's bed at night”可知，猫还是喜欢睡在儿子的床上。故选C。 答案　C 15．A.training B．purchase C．protection D．adoption 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们从来没有想到，我们对桑迪的收养有一天会给博带来一个救星！A.training训练；B.purchase购买；C.protection保护；D.adoption收养，采用。此处呼应上文“decided to adopt the cat named Sandy”，指对桑迪的收养救了儿子。故选D。 答案　D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$