Unit 10 Section 5(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P10] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．His head struck the bottom when he　dived　(跳入) into the 6 feet end of the pool. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Their study　revealed　(表明) that the large number of observation­only records did not lead to better global coverage. 3．The police are　investigating　(调查) possible links between the murders. 4．The low temperature　froze　(冰冻) my flowers yesterday. 5．Now there are many families that are eager to　adopt　(领养) a child. 6．I was expressing some　amazement　(吃惊) and wonder at her good fortune. 7．We're not sure whether we still want to　proceed　(继续做) with the sale. 8．That new film is said to be　adapted　(改编) from a true story. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Someone might burst out　laughing　(laugh) when they understand a joke. 2．When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，　telling　(tell) me stories till I fell asleep. 3．I　did　(do) run across an old friend in the supermarket yesterday. 4．So you can see，I'm far too busy in living　to think　(think) of giving up! 5．We are discussing what　to do　(do) next time. 6．(2024·全国甲卷)Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them　for　your work. 7．Currently，the individuals who might have caused the accident are under　investigation　(investigate). 8．He　resolutely　(resolute) refused to speak English unless forced to. 9．Wear　comfortable　(comfort)，loose clothing to your exercise class. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．She　had taken up　the cause of a generation of American youth. 她已经开始着手一代美国年轻人的事业。 2．These creatures live　in the depth of　the Pacific Ocean. 这些生物生活在太平洋的海底。 3．　There is no need to look up　every new word in the dictionary when you are reading. 阅读的时候，没必要每个生词都查字典。 4．If you promise me all this，I　will dive down into　the water and bring up your pretty golden ball. 如果你答应我这些，我就潜到水里去把你漂亮的金球拿上来。 5．For this question from Tommy，I stood　in amazement　for such a long time.Holding his paper angel，looking into the sea in nightfall，I can hardly said out a word. 为着汤米的这句问话，我呆住了好久好久，捏着他做的纸天使，望着黄昏的海面说不出话来。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·昭通高二下期末)Two Bristol policemen，Jon Owen and David Morgan，have organized a six­a­side football league (联赛) for teenagers in Patchway，one of the poorest parts of the city.Police in several parts of Britain host similar football leagues or competitions，but usually the aim is just to keep teens occupied，and build confidence between teenagers and the police.Jon and David，however，had a better idea. They have introduced a new system to the football league.Teams score points for winning their matches，but lose points if any team member does anything he shouldn't off the field or at school! Teams score ten points for winning a match，and five if they draw；but if any player is arrested，the team loses ten points.If a member is caught doing an act of small crime，the team loses five points.The result has been spectacular; since the football league started，crime in the area has fallen by 20%. Peer pressure is a strong force，especially among young people.Almost everyone can remember a moment when they felt compelled (强迫的) to do something because their friends were doing it，or to buy something because their friends had bought it.In the age of the Internet，peer pressure is stronger than ever.Today peer pressure has become a more serious problem for young people.Phones and personal website accounts become increasingly influential among teenagers because they can know everything about their peers and copy each other's behavior. Although peer pressure is usually seen as a bad influence，it can also produce positive results.If your children's behavior is greatly influenced by their peers，reassure them that they don't need to follow along with everyone else to make friends.Instead，staying true to their unique personalities will set them up for success later on. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了英国的警察将同伴压力用于正向引导以减少青少年犯罪。 1．Why was Jon Owen and David Morgan's system successful? A．The football league kept teenagers occupied. B．The football league built teenagers' confidence. C．The football results were linked to teenagers' social behavior. D．The football results encouraged teenagers to respect each other. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They have introduced a new system to the football league.Teams score points for winning their matches，but lose points if any team member does anything he shouldn't off the field or at school！(他们为足球联赛引入了一个新系统。球队可以通过赢得比赛获得积分，但如果球队中有任何成员在场外或学校里有不当行为，球队将失去积分！)”可知，Jon Owen和David Morgan的足球联赛之所以成功，是因为他们将足球比赛的结果与青少年的社会行为联系起来。故选C。 答案　C 2．What makes peer pressure stronger for young people today? A．The ranking system at school. B．The competition in the job market. C．The popularity of social media. D．The strict management from parents. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Today peer pressure has become a more serious problem for young people.Phones and personal website accounts become increasingly influential among teenagers because they can know everything about their peers and copy each other's behavior.(今天，同辈压力对年轻人来说已经成为一个更严重的问题。手机和个人网站账户对青少年的影响越来越大，因为他们可以了解同龄人的一切，并模仿彼此的行为。)”可知，当今同伴压力成了更为严重的青少年问题，因为社交媒体的普及使青少年更容易互相模仿。故选C。 答案　C 3．Why does the author write the last paragraph? A．To draw a comparison. B．To make an argument. C．To provide an example. D．To offer a suggestion. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Although peer pressure is usually seen as a bad influence，it can also produce positive results.If your children's behavior is greatly influenced by their peers，reassure them that they don't need to follow along with everyone else to make friends.Instead，staying true to their unique personalities will set them up for success later on.(虽然同龄人压力通常被视为不良影响，但它也可能产生积极的结果。 如果你孩子的行为在很大程度上受到同龄人的影响，请向他们保证，他们不需要迎合他人来交朋友。 相反，坚持他们独特的个性会为他们日后的成功奠定基础。)”可知，作者在最后一段针对同伴压力提出了解决的建议：不必随大流选择交友，而是保持自己独特的个性。故选D。 答案　D 4．What is the best title of the text? A.Peer pressure makes sports players play better B．Peer pressure cuts teens' crime rate C．How to deal with peer pressure at school D.Why peer pressure always has negative results 解析　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了英国的警察成功地将同伴压力进行正向引导以减少青少年犯罪。由此可知，B项：Peer pressure cuts teens' crime rate(同辈压力能降低青少年犯罪率)是最好的标题。故选B。 答案　B B Have you ever found yourself waiting at the stop for your bus to arrive and have a stranger ask a commonplace(普通的)question？Or have you stood in line waiting for a coffee and feel the need to just look over to the person next to you and ask about the weather? This is small talk，and despite the name，it's actually a big part of daily life. “Small talk may seem trivial(微不足道的)，but it's a natural way for people to connect.It may seem like a waste of time.But it serves a vital role in our social interactions.Big relationships are built on small talk，”Lindy Pegler，who has a master's degree in psychology，wrote on Medium. In fact，we spend a lot of our time making small talk.Often，we find ourselves making small talk with the same people on a regular basis.Coming up with small conversations is the foundation of these relationships. The benefits of such conversations can actually contribute to our happiness and benefit our lives as a whole.In a study cited by The New York Times，researchers found that having a healthy number of acquaintances and maintaining these relationships contribute to one's sense of belonging to a community. So how does one start making small talk？It can be as simple as complimenting(称赞)one's shirt，asking about their day or commenting on the traffic.“First and foremost，small talk is an act of politeness，”Pegler noted.“Our small talk at our first meeting is our chance to show who we are，”she added. Who knows where this can lead？Nowadays，the small connections we make can lead to big results.You might find someone who has a common interest，or maybe even someone who turns out to be a close friend.There is one thing for sure: making small talk can brighten our day—even if it's just a nice comment or a thoughtful question. So the next time you find yourself waiting for the bus or checking your watch while you wait in a line，take the opportunity to look up and talk to someone around you.After all，it takes a small connection to lead to a larger one. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了闲聊在日常生活中的重要性，以及我们如何开始闲聊。 5．What does the writer intend to do by asking questions in paragraph 1? A．Show his confusion on the theme. B．Argue over the seriousness of talking. C．Attach importance to talking. D．Lead to the topic of the passage. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容“This is small talk，and despite the name，it's actually a big part of daily life.”可知，第一段的两个问题用以引出文章话题。故选D。 答案　D 6．What does Lindy Pegler think of small talk? A．It is a pointless conversation. B．It wastes too much time. C．It is connected with your social status. D．It contributes to good relationships. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中琳迪·佩格勒所说的话可知，她认为闲聊有助于良好的关系。故选D。 答案　D 7．How do regular social interactions with acquaintances influence people according to researchers? A．They help people develop communication skills. B．They bring people happiness and a sense of belonging. C．They allow people to improve their manners. D．They help people find out who they are. 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，有熟人进行社交互动可以增加人的幸福和归属感。故选B。 答案　B 8．What are people advised to do when making small talk? A．Start with casual topics. B．Start with serious topics. C.Make it important and deep. D．Choose pleasant surroundings. 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“It can be as simple as complimenting one's shirt，asking about their day or commenting on the traffic.”可知，闲聊一般是以比较简单、随意的话题开始。故选A。 答案　A Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·昭通高二下期末)Teamwork refers to a small or large group of people collaborating together efficiently towards a common goal.Being a master of one or a jack­of­all­trades in today's world does not bring about success if you are unable to work as part of a team. 1 So team work is important. Teamwork benefits from different perspectives.A team environment allows people to bring their diverse opinions on problem solving，which in turn increases their success in arriving at solutions.If you feel a sense of safe connection with your teammates，you will be more likely to confidently share your opinions without fear of judgement. 2 Teamwork can boost efficiency.One person working on a project is always going to take longer to complete it.Efficiency rules when work is appropriately divided within a team，responsibilities shared. 3 Good teamwork also increases group outcomes. 4 People have their own skills and strengths.When the whole team works as a unit，everyone has a chance to gain new knowledge and skills from each other.This process leads to resource building and let the team become better equipped to wrestle with new challenges. Teamwork brings an expanded sense of accomplishment.When a team works on a project as one unit，the sense of achievement the member experience expands beyond personal achievements. 5 This is yet another reason why developing teamwork is worth everyone's effort. A．Teamwork leads to learning. B．The psychological safety in teams results in more creativity. C．Now，most of our work includes communicating with others. D．And tasks are more likely to be finished within a set time period. E．Teamwork can be effective in building great work relationships. F．Team members encourage and support each other to improve work quality. G．It satisfies the human desires for belonging and contributing to something greater. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了团队合作的重要性。 1．解析　根据上文“Being a master of one or a jack­of­all­trades in today's world does not bring about success if you are unable to work as part of a team.(在当今世界，如果你不能作为团队的一员工作，那么精通某一项或多面手是不会带来成功的。)”和下文“So team work is important.(因此团队合作很重要。)”可知，无法与他人合作就无法成功，团队合作在现代工作中很重要，因此空处指出团队合作中沟通的重要性。C项：Now，most of our work includes communicating with others.(现在，我们的大部分工作都包括与他人沟通。)符合语境。故选C。 答案　C 2．解析　根据上文“If you feel a sense of safe connection with your teammates，you will be more likely to confidently share your opinions without fear of judgement.(如果你和你的队友之间有一种安全的联系，你会更有可能自信地分享你的观点，而不会害怕别人的评价。)”可知，团队中心理安全是非常重要的。B项：The psychological safety in teams results in more creativity.(团队中的心理安全感会产生更多的创造力。)符合语境。故选B。 答案　B 3．解析　根据上文“Efficiency rules when work is appropriately divided within a team，responsibilities shared.(当工作在一个团队中被适当地分配，责任被共同分担时，效率就是规则。)”可知，上文提到团队合作可以提高效率，当工作被适当地分配在团队中，责任被共享时，效率规则就起作用了。D项：And tasks are more likely to be finished within a set time period.(任务更有可能在规定的时间内完成。)进一步说明了团队合作可以提高效率，符合语境。故选D。 答案　D 4．解析　根据下文“People have their own skills and strengths.When the whole team works as a unit，everyone has a chance to gain new knowledge and skills from each other.(人们有自己的技能和优势，当整个团队作为一个单位工作时，每个人都有机会从彼此那里获得新的知识和技能。)”可知，团队合作对学习有好处。A项：Teamwork leads to learning.(团队合作带来学习。)符合语境。故选A。 答案　A 5．解析　根据上文“Teamwork brings an expanded sense of accomplishment.(团队合作带来了一种扩展的成就感。)”可知，团队合作不仅仅是为了个人的成就，而是为了更大的目标做出贡献。G项：It satisfies the human desires for belonging and contributing to something greater.(它满足了人类对归属和贡献于更伟大事业的渴望。)符合语境。故选G。 答案　G Ⅲ.语法填空 Do you really want to be happy？Everyone says yes，but do you know the approach 1. happiness is giving to others？Some of us may feel that if we give too much，our generosity will 2. (take) advantage of by others.However，people who see your good intentions as weakness are in the 3. (minor). Danny Thomas said，“Success in life has 4. to do with what you gain in life or accomplish for yourself.It's what you do for others.”So why not start with you and me right now? You can donate anything without 5. (seek) reward.This is good for you and those 6. receive your acts of 7. (kind).Every time you give，you will receive—even if you are not looking for a reward.You will find your donations won't make you poor.As a result of this，you will see most people，naturally，pay you back. You should also take the time to be polite to all of the people 8. (perform) services for you.Once you do，you would be surprised at how many of them will go out of their way to give you good service.If you establish sincerity and trust 9. you go，you will be loved by your fellow men.As Mohammed said，“A person's true wealth is the good he or she 10. (do) in the world.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们通往快乐的途径是给予他人，一个人真正的财富是他/她在世界上所做的好事。 1．解析　考查介词。固定短语the approach to表示“……的方法，去往……的路径”。故填to。 答案　to 2．解析　考查动词的语态和时态。句子主语“generosity”和“take advantage of”之间为被动关系，此处为一般将来时，且前面有will，故填be taken。 答案　be taken 3．解析　考查名词。固定短语be in the minority意为“占少数”。故填minority。 答案　minority 4．解析　考查代词。根据下文中的“It's what you do for others.”可知，丹尼·托马斯的观点是“成功是你为别人做的事”，与你在生活中所获得的或为自己所取得的成就无关，have nothing to do with表示“与……无关”。故填nothing。 答案　nothing 5．解析　考查非谓语动词。介词后应用动名词作宾语。故填seeking。 答案　seeking 6．解析　考查定语从句。所填词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。 答案　who 7．解析　考查名词。介词of后用名词作宾语。故填kindness。 答案　kindness 8．解析　考查非谓语动词。句中people与perform之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，修饰people。故填performing。 答案　performing 9．解析　考查状语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，表示地点状语，应用wherever表示“无论在哪里”。故填wherever。 答案　wherever 10．解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。该句使用了一般现在时，句子主语he or she为第三人称单数形式，应用do的第三人称单数形式。故填does。 答案　does 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$