Unit 10 Section 4(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P7] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．That is the　consequence　(后果) of its endless evolution. 2．Congestion　frequently　(频繁地) reduces traffic to walking pace. 3．The experience created a very special　bond　(纽带) between us. 4.　Additionally　(此外)，if a client receives a write delegation for a file，then no other client may write or read to that file for the length of the delegation. 5．She was organizing and running a large　household　(一家人)，a position of trust which was generously paid. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．I got up late，and as　a　consequence/in consequence I was late for work. 2．John often comes　into　conflict with his boss. 3．Mountain climbing must be very tiring.In　addition　(additionally)，you might feel sick with the air getting thinner. 4．Harry apologised　to　his teacher　for　coming to school late. 5．There is a　disturbing　(disturb) anxiety among people that inflation will continuously increase. 6．We thought he said such things　out　of envy. 7．When I was a boy，the beach was one of the places I　frequently　(frequent) went to. 8．I really didn't care whether they agreed or disagreed　with　the article's conclusions. 9．All children should be encouraged　to realize　(realize) their full potential. 10．In addition　to　the names on the list，there are six other applicants. Ⅲ.使用方框中的词汇的正确形式填空 crime；additional；community spirit；frequently；consequence；household；bond；suburb；conflict；envy We used to live in the city centre and were happy there for many years.Most of the 1.　households　were made up of young families like ours.There was a strong 2.　bond　between people；everyone cared for each other and felt safe.I would say we had amazing 3.　community spirit　.I often heard from other people that they 4.　envied　us and wished they lived in our neighbourhood.However，that all changed in the past five years or so.The city cut back on the number of police officers in our area so unfortunately，the 5.　crime　rate increased.As a 6.　consequence　of this，many people who could afford to，left for other areas.We asked the local council to provide 7.　additional　police but they said they could not.There were break­ins and car thefts 8.　frequently　and it just got worse every month.Sadly，things got so bad that we had to sell our house and move to the 9.　suburbs　.Everyone is nice here and there is no 10.　conflict　between people.Still，I miss the old days. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A I was out for my usual morning run and found myself in the late summer heat，wishing I had taken a water bottle.When I stopped under a bridge for a moment of shade，I saw two young，scruffy men standing next to their sleeping bags.One smiled and gently raised his hand as if motioning “hello” but didn't say a word.He wasn't asking for anything.I smiled and made the same motion back to him. As I started back on my run，I thought about how much we all　crave　a connection.In that moment，this homeless man seemed to want to connect more than he wanted food or money.We have all had experiences of feeling separate and lonely.I have felt lonely being in a relationship that was void of emotional connection.Feeling separation doesn't have anything to do with being alone.Being with people is about the human desire to feel connected by being seen and valued by another person.If your tendency is to spend time alone，practice saying yes to invitations.Practice moving towards rather than away from people. We all benefit from connections.That homeless man impacted my day.After encountering him，I felt more grateful—appreciating all that I have.He triggered my compassion—I found myself feeling empathy for him.I had the choice to move towards separation or connection.Were there many ways in which he and I are very different？Absolutely！Are there many ways in which we are alike？Absolutely！I can reflect on times when I was in a situation I had never expected，times when I felt broken，times when I felt at a low point，and times when I needed someone to stop and acknowledge me as he may have been feeling this morning. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者在晨跑中遇到的流浪汉这件小事，明白了人需要与外界保持联系。 1．Why did the author stop under a bridge? A．To greet two homeless people. B．To take a break. C．To get a water bottle. D．To ask for help. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When I stopped under a bridge for a moment of shade”可知，作者在晚夏时跑步，炎热难耐，其在桥下停下来是为了躲避炎热，进行短暂的休息。故选B。 答案　B 2．What does the underlined word “crave” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Praise. B．Describe. C．Have a desire for. D．Develop a dislike in. 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子的下文“In that moment，this homeless man seemed to want to connect more than he wanted food or money.”可知，作者感慨人类渴望与他人联系，画线词表示“渴望”。故选C。 答案　C 3．Which word can describe the author's feeling after meeting the homeless people? A．Sorrowful. B．Relieved. C．Embarrassed. D．Thankful. 解析　观点态度题。根据文章第三段中的“After encountering him，I felt more grateful—appreciating all that I have.He triggered my compassion—I found myself feeling empathy for him.”可知，在遇见他之后，作者更加珍惜感恩所拥有的。故选D。 答案　D 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Connection！We Need It! B．Homeless People Need Care C．A Meaningful Day D．Ask for Separation 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了人需要与外界保持联系。故选A。 答案　A B (2024·南京高二下期末)The conventional language of career success moves in only one direction: up.If you really succeed，you reach the top.But there is another type of career path.Sideways moves without a promotion or a pay rise，can be a benefit to employees and organizations alike. A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co­authors in 2021 found that the availability of lateral (横向的) career opportunities has a marked impact on keeping employees.When they decided whether to stay in the company or not，chances to move sideways were two and a half times more important than pay.Another paper，by Xin Jin of the University of South Florida and Michael Waldman of Cormell University，concluded that lateral moves did not just benefit organizations: employees who experienced them were more likely to be promoted and to enjoy higher wage growth later in their careers than employees who did not.You can move up by first moving sideways. The crab­like (螃蟹般的) career has other things going for it.One is that it is a good way to learn new things.As hiring processes increasingly emphasize skills，employers are likely to put comparatively less emphasis on CVs and comparatively more weight on what you know.Messrs Jin and Waldman reason that the upper ranks of companies tend to be people whose capabilities are broad，not deep; that may explain why lateral moves are good for promotion prospects.　Along with skills come contacts.　Transferring between teams usually means building a bigger internal network.Opening the door to more lateral moves is partly a practical matter.Some bigger employers have “internal talent marketplaces” in which employees can find and apply for jobs elsewhere in the company; smaller firms have fewer such opportunities to offer. Embracing sideways movement also requires the right attitude.Lots of managers like to keep talent to themselves，at the expense of workers and firms.And moving sideways still has less cachet(声望) than moving upwards.Most people find it not so easy to accept. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了职场中横向调动问题，说明了这一做法的影响和好处。 5．How does the author develop paragraph 2? A．By telling personal stories. B．By providing research findings. C．By comparing different career paths. D．By making remarks on scientific reports. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段(麻省理工学院的唐纳德·苏尔及其合著者在2021年进行的一项研究发现，横向职业机会的可用性对留住员工有显著影响。当他们决定是否留在公司时，跳槽的机会比薪水重要2.5倍。南佛罗里达大学的金欣和康奈尔大学的迈克尔·沃尔德曼的另一篇论文得出结论，横向调动不仅对组织有利：经历过横向调动的员工比没有经历过横向调动的员工更有可能获得晋升，并且在以后的职业生涯中享有更高的工资增长。你可以先横向移动来向上移动。)可推知，作者通过提供研究结果展开第二段。故选B。 答案　B 6．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 mean? A．Lateral moves involve gaining new skills. B．Lateral moves are mainly for networking purposes. C．Transferring between teams leads to a larger network. D．Contacts are more important than skills in lateral moves. 解析　句意猜测题。根据画线句后文“Transferring between teams usually means building a bigger internal network.(团队之间的调动通常意味着建立一个更大的内部网络。)”可知，团队之间的转移导致更大的网络。故画线句意思是“团队之间的转移导致更大的网络”。故选C。 答案　C 7．What do many managers think of lateral career moves? A．They are a way to keep talent within the company. B．They are seen as a threat to the manager's own positions. C．They could potentially lead to talent loss within the team. D．They could contribute to the company's growth in the long run. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Lots of managers like to keep talent to themselves，at the expense of workers and firms.(许多管理者喜欢把人才留给自己，而牺牲员工和公司的利益。)”可知，许多经理是认为横向职业调动可能会导致团队内部的人才流失。故选C。 答案　C 8．Who may embrace lateral moves? A．Bosses who value short­term profits. B．Employees who are eager for more skills. C．Managers who appreciate long­term stability. D．Job hunters who are interested in smaller firms. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“One is that it is a good way to learn ...why lateral moves are good for promotion prospects.Along with skills come contacts.(一是它是学习新事物的好方法。随着招聘过程越来越强调技能，雇主可能会相对不那么重视简历，而更看重你的知识。金和沃尔德曼的理由是，公司的高层往往是那些能力广而不深的人；这或许可以解释为什么横向调动有利于晋升。除了技能之外，还有人际关系。)”可知，渴望获得更多技能的员工会接受横向调动。故选B。 答案　B Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·泸州高二下期末)I was getting ready to go to bed when the phone rang.I felt 1 before answering it.My mind raced through the list of family members who might need help，but the voice was hardly 2 ． “Lindy，this is Lesley.” I didn't know her well.We did occasionally speak with each other，but to say we were 3 was not appropriate.I asked what was wrong.Perhaps something really 4 caused her to reach someone she barely knew. 5 ，she asked me，“Do you have room for a turkey? In your 6 ？” We had much room in fact.“Sure，” I responded，“Did your freezer 7 ？” “Not exactly，” Lesley replied. Minutes later came a huge freezer truck.Lesley stepped down and 8 the lease (租约) of the grocery store her husband serviced had run out.Thinking it was a 9 to throw away all this food，they decided to drop off food to anyone she could think of.Lesley asked to 10 our freezer up.An hour later，everything 11 ，I asked her，“When will you come back for all this？” Lesley 12 ，“It is yours! Thanks for helping us out！” Then they waved goodbye and 13 away. “For helping them out？” We opened our freezer door.Inside were all dear 14 we never bought but often longed to try.We were struggling to buy groceries.However，our needs were met in a(n) 15 way，by that call，“Do you have room for a turkey？” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者正准备睡觉时接到了莱斯利的电话，对方说要给作者家送来一些食物，并且解释了原因。 1．A.embarrassed B．anxious C．funny D．disappointed 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接听之前，我感到很焦虑。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.funny有趣的；D.disappointed失望的。根据后文“My mind raced through the list of family members who might need help”可知，作者接到电话，以为是家里出了事情，所以感到焦虑。故选B。 答案　B 2．A.loud B．clear C．appealing D．familiar 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的脑海里掠过可能需要帮助的家庭成员的名单，但那个声音一点也不熟悉。A.loud大声的；B.clear清楚的；C.appealing吸引人的；D.familiar熟悉的。根据后文“I didn't know her well.(我不太了解她)”可知，电话里的声音作者不熟悉。故选D。 答案　D 3．A.friends B．colleagues C．partners D．neighbors 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们确实偶尔交谈，但是说我们是朋友是不合适的。A.friends朋友；B.colleagues同事；C.partners伙伴；D.neighbors邻居。根据上文“We did occasionally speak with each other，but to say we were”可知，偶尔交谈谈不上是朋友。故选A。 答案　A 4．A.foolish B．meaningless C．awful D．secret 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许真的有什么可怕的事情使她联系了一个她几乎不太熟的人。A.foolish愚蠢的；B.meaningless无意义的；C.awful糟糕的；D.secret秘密的。根据后文“caused her to reach someone she barely knew”可知，作者以为对方遇到了什么糟糕的事情，使她联系了一个她几乎不太熟的人。故选C。 答案　C 5．A.Instead B．Besides C．Obviously D．Suddenly 解析　考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，她问我：“你还有地方放一只火鸡吗？在你的冰箱里？”A.Instead反而；B.Besides此外；C.Obviously显然；D.Suddenly突然。根据后文“Do you have room for a turkey？”以及上文作者以为对方是来求助的，结果反而问对方还有没有地方放火鸡，故选A。 答案　A 6．A.truck B．room C．freezer D．store 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，她问我：“你还有地方放一只火鸡吗？在你的冰箱里？”A.truck卡车；B.room房间；C.freezer冰箱；D.store商店。根据后文“Did your freezer”可知，指冰箱里有没有地方放火鸡。故选C。 答案　C 7．A.break down B．cool off C．pile up D．empty out 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：“当然，”我回答，“你的冰箱坏了吗？”A.break down出故障；B.cool off冷却；C.pile up堆积；D.empty out清空。上文讲Lesley问作者有没有地方放火鸡，所以作者推测是不是对方的冰箱出故障了。故选A。 答案　A 8．A.reported B．predicted C．admitted D．explained 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lesley把我的猜测打住并解释说她丈夫服务的杂货店的租约已经到期了。A.reported报告；B.predicted预测；C.admitted承认；D.explained解释。根据后文“the lease of the grocery store her husband serviced had run out”可知对方在解释原因。故选D。 答案　D 9．A.phenomenon B．responsibility C．shame D．relief 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们认为扔掉所有的食物是可耻的，所以他们决定把食物送给她能想到的任何人。A.phenomenon现象；B.responsibility责任；C.shame羞愧、可耻之事；D.relief安慰。根据后文“they decided to drop off food to anyone she could think of”可知，赠送食物是因为他们认为扔掉所有的食物是可耻的，故选C。 答案　C 10．A.check B．tidy C．fix D．fill 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：莱斯利要求检查一下我们的冰箱。A.check检查；B.tidy整理；C.fix修理；D.fill装满。根据后文“our freezer up”指对某物进行全面的检查应用check up。故选A。 答案　A 11．A.considered B．done C．gone D．prepared 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个小时后，一切都做完了，我问她：“你什么时候回来拿这些东西？”A.considered考虑；B.done完成；C.gone离开；D.prepared准备。根据后文“When will you come back for all this？”指事情都做完以后作者询问对方。故选B。 答案　B 12．A.laughed B．nodded C．refused D．sighed 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：莱斯利笑了，“这些是给你的！谢谢你帮助我们！”A.laughed笑；B.nodded点头；C.refused拒绝；D.sighed叹息。根据后文“It is yours! Thanks for helping us out！”可知，莱斯利笑着说食物是给作者的。故选A。 答案　A 13．A.escaped B．walked C．drove D．passed 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他们挥手告别，开车离开了。A.escaped逃走；B.walked散步；C.drove驾驶；D.passed经过。根据上文“Minutes later came a huge freezer truck.(几分钟后，来了一辆巨大的冷冻卡车)”可知是开车离开了。故选C。 答案　C 14．A.devices B．brands C．presents D．foods 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：里面都是我们从未买过但经常渴望尝试的珍贵食物。A.devices设备；B.brands品牌；C.presents礼物；D.foods食物。根据上文“they decided to drop off food”可知，送来的都是食物。故选D。 答案　D 15．A.complicated B．unexpected C．imaginary D．unfriendly 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的需求以一种意想不到的方式得到了满足，那就是“你有地方放一只火鸡吗？”A.complicated复杂的；B.unexpected意外的；C.imaginary想象的；D.unfriendly不友好的。根据后文“by that call，‘Do you have room for a turkey？’”可知，这些食物是作者意外从莱斯利那里得来的。故选B。 答案　B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$