Unit 10 Section 3(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P4] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later，a six­meter­tall pavilion，inspired by The Peony Pavilion，　was built　(build)at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 2．He was so absorbed in the games that his eyes　were glued　(glue) to the screen. 3．His manuscript　was rejected　(reject) by many publishers. 4．More than $ 10 million　had been spent　(spend) carrying out the project by the end of last year. 5．The book which　had been lost　(lose) was returned to the library. 6．The master of the Coolidge，Henry Nelson，claimed he　hadn't been warned　(not warn)that the harbor was mined. 7．The fire　had been put 　(put) out when the firefighters arrived. 8．He had a talent for music and　was appointed　(appoint) conductor of Shanghai Symphony Orchestra at the age of 18. 9．It was reported that the goods　had been shipped　(ship) to the island before the police arrived. 10．Now we can cross the bridge which　was being built　(build) this time last month. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Isn't it　rather late　to start changing all the arrangements? 现在改变所有安排是不是有点晚了？ 2．Computers　work much faster　than before. 计算机的运行速度比以前快多了。 3．He　has been extremely/awfully/terribly busy　these days. 这些天他一直非常忙。 4．They　are terribly in need of　teachers. 他们特别需要老师。 5．She is　feeling quite better　now. 她现在感觉好多了。 Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 In July 2021，Henan Province 1.　was flooded　(flood).Volunteers from other areas 2.　were sent　(send) to rescue the victims.When they arrived，many houses 3.　had been destroyed　(destroy) leaving many people homeless.They also saw that the old people and children 4.　were being delivered　(deliver) to a safer place with the help of the government.At the sight of this，they joined them as soon as they arrived.As a result，many families 5.　were saved　(save). Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A new study，published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology，found that communication that included voice，like a phone call or video chat，created stronger social bonds than communication through typing，like text messaging or email. In the study，researchers used various experiments to measure connectedness.In one，they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then asked people at random (随机地) to do one or the other.Although people expected that a phone call would be more awkward，hearing someone's voice actually made the experience better. “People reported they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone than by email，and they did not feel more awkward，” study coauthor Amit Kumar，an assistant professor of marketing at the McCombs School of Business，said in a statement. In another experiment，the researchers had strangers connect by either texting，talking over video chat，or talking using only audio.They found that both forms of voice communication—whether video or audio—only made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated by texting. Sabrina Romanoff，a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City，says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience，as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can“exchange information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person”． Romanoff says that in reality，texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation.“A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the exact effects of the message.” she explains.“Each party is more present，and therefore，able to measure the meaning behind the content without reflecting on the endless possible meanings behind words.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究 发现，与文字相比，语音能建立更强的社交纽带。 1．How was the study carried out? A．By analysing data. B．By interviewing experts. C．By doing experiments. D．By doing online research. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the study，researchers used various experiments to measure connectedness.”可知，研究人员是通过做实验展开研究，故选C。 答案　C 2．What did people expect before making a phone call in the experiment? A．Email would help them form a stronger bond. B．Heating someone's voice would be awkward. C．A stronger bond would be formed on the phone. D．Hearing someone's voice made the experience better. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Although people expected that a phone call would be more awkward，hearing someone's voice actually made the experience better.”可知，打电话之前，人们认为听到别人的声音会很尴尬，故选B。 答案　B 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Texting helps to exchange information exactly. B．Calling makes it easier to get the exact message. C．Romanoff doesn't agree with the result of the study. D．People can keep the message under control by texting. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，打电话能够让人获得更准确的信息，故选B。 答案　B 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Reasons for Calling Instead of Texting B．Convenience of Making a Phone Call C．Differences Between Calling and Texting D．Introduction to the Result of a New Study 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍的是与文字相比，语音能建立更强的社交纽带，故选A。 答案　A B (2024·白银高二下期末)In school，I'd often draw cartoons about what I was learning instead of taking notes.And obviously，I had the right idea all along.A new study found drawing is a good memory technique. A group of scientists had participants try and memorize the definition of a set of words.They had some participants copy the words and their definitions.They had other participants draw out the meaning of the words.The drawers memorized more words. “We reasoned that drawing improves memory，at least in part，because it requires elaboration (详述) on the meaning of the term and translating the definition into a picture，” wrote the researchers.What's more，the scientists found older people were worse than younger people at memorizing when the two wrote out their definitions.But the two groups showed no difference when it came to memorizing from drawing. I've learned many　mnemonics　in my day.I've pictured strange images that relate to the words I'm memorizing，put facts to music and associated words with pieces of furniture.But I've never heard of this “drawing effect，” as the researchers put it，though I've used it without realizing it. It makes sense though.Images must be built much deeper into our brains than letters.Image processing took place before writing.Mostly，I'm surprised that many educators haven't realized that fun learning is better learning.Pictures and songs stick in the brain better than pages of text. Humans like to separate ourselves from other animals，often focusing on our ability to use language.Language is great，but we're just animals after all.We might be able to use language，but images stick in our brains in a totally different，possibly deeper way. In any case，next time I draw a cartoon of something I'm trying to learn，I'll feel no shame. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了绘画有助于提高学习效率。 5．What can we know about the benefits of drawing according to the study? A．They would decrease little by little. B．They were obviously shown on animals. C．They were obvious only on teenagers. D．They were more noticeable for older people. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段“What's more，the scientists found older people were worse than younger people at memorizing when the two wrote out their definitions.But the two groups showed no difference when it came to memorizing from drawing.(更重要的是，科学家们发现，当老年人写出他们的定义时，他们的记忆力比年轻人差。但两组人在通过绘画记忆方面并没有表现出差异。)”可推知，绘画对于提高老年人记忆力的作用更明显。故选D。 答案　D 6．What does the underlined word “mnemonics” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Changes in memory. B．Memory techniques. C．Memory improvements. D．Benefits of memory. 解析　词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“I've pictured strange images that relate to the words I'm memorizing，put facts to music and associated words with pieces of furniture.(我描绘了与我要记忆的单词相关的奇怪图像，把事实与音乐联系在一起，并把单词与家具联系在一起。)”可知，作者学会了许多记忆技巧，比如把要记忆的词与奇怪的图像联系起来，把事实与音乐联系起来，以及把单词与家具联系起来。由此可知，划线词mnemonics指的是记忆技巧，即记忆方法或策略。故选B。 答案　B 7．What does the author think of learning by drawing? A．It is fun as well as effective. B．It is the best learning method. C．It should be mixed with singing. D．It is good for our language ability. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Mostly，I'm surprised that many educators haven't realized that fun learning is better learning.Pictures and songs stick in the brain better than pages of text.(最令我惊讶的是，许多教育工作者没有意识到有趣的学习是更好的学习。图片和歌曲比一页一页的文字更容易在大脑中记忆。)”和文章第六段(人类喜欢将自己与其他动物区分开来，通常专注于我们使用语言的能力。语言是伟大的，但我们毕竟只是动物。我们也许能够使用语言，但图像以一种完全不同的、可能更深刻的方式留在我们的大脑中)可推知，作者认为通过画图学习既有趣又有效。故选A。 答案　A 8．What is the purpose of the text? A．To solve a difficult problem. B．To share opinions on drawing. C．To introduce a learning method. D．To introduce benefits of drawing. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段(在学校里，我经常把所学的东西画成漫画，而不是记笔记。显然，我的想法一直都是对的。一项新的研究发现，画画是一种很好的记忆技巧。)可推知，文章旨在介绍利用绘画来学习的方法。故选C。 答案　C Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·南通期末)Exercise is important in all phases of life，but for seniors，it's crucial to maintaining independence.Exercise ensures that seniors can get around and continue to do the things they enjoy and helps to prevent serious health conditions. 1 Strength exercises are among the best exercises for seniors. 2 These exercises can also improve a senior citizen's metabolism(新陈代谢)，which can be important for the maintenance of healthy blood sugar levels and normal weight. Balance exercises are good for senior citizens as well because they build up muscles in the legs and strength in the lower body.They can help a senior citizen have better stability，translating into lowered risk of serious falls. 3 4 They help improve flexibility，making it easier for an older person to remain physically active and move around without stiffness(僵硬) and pain.Additionally，stretching exercises help senior citizens avoid muscle­related injuries，which can occur in the course of exercising as well as during daily living. Though exercise is good for senior citizens，it is smart for seniors to speak with their doctors before starting any new exercise program. 5 In some cases，they may also recommend avoiding certain exercises altogether. A．For seniors，this may not be the top concern. B．Such accidents tend to make them ill and weak. C．Stretches are also important exercises for seniors. D．Never exercise too much as it may have harmful effects. E．They help to build up muscles and make the bones stronger. F．They may suggest specific exercises and exercise frequency. G．When it comes to choosing the best exercises for seniors，variety is key. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了老年人锻炼的好处以及具体举例几项特定的运动。 1．解析　上文“Exercise ensures that seniors can get around and continue to do the things they enjoy and helps to prevent serious health conditions.(锻炼可以确保老年人能够四处走动，继续做他们喜欢的事情，并有助于预防严重的健康问题。)”引出话题，提到锻炼对老年人的好处。以及下文详细介绍的各个运动可知。结合选项G项“When it comes to choosing the best exercises for seniors，variety is key.(说到为老年人选择最好的运动，多样化是关键。)”为下文内容的总结，也是上文内容的语意递进。上下文语意连贯，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。 答案　G 2．解析　上文“Strength exercises are among the best exercises for seniors.(力量练习是老年人最好的运动之一。)”提到力量练习运动。下文“These exercises can also improve a senior citizen's metabolism，which can be important for the maintenance of healthy blood sugar levels and normal weight.(这些运动还可以改善老年人的新陈代谢，这对维持健康的血糖水平和正常体重很重要。)”为详细介绍力量运动的好处。故可推断空格处内容为力量运动的好处。结合选项E项“They help to build up muscles and make the bones stronger.(它们有助于增强肌肉，使骨骼更强壮。)”符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选E。 答案　E 3．解析　上文“They can help a senior citizen have better stability，translating into lowered risk of serious falls.(它们可以帮助老年人保持更好的稳定性，从而降低严重摔倒的风险。)”提到摔倒的风险。结合选项B项“Such accidents tend to make them ill and weak.(这样的事故往往会使他们生病和虚弱。)”中的accidents指代上文的摔倒，是上文内容的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选B。 答案　B 4．解析　由该题位于该段句首，为总结该段内容。该段下文讲的是伸展运动的好处。结合选项C项“Stretches are also important exercises for seniors.(对老年人来说，伸展运动也是很重要的运动。)”意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选C。 答案　C 5．解析　上文“Though exercise is good for senior citizens，it is smart for seniors to speak with their doctors before starting any new exercise program.(虽然锻炼对老年人有好处，但老年人在开始任何新的锻炼计划之前，最好先和他们的医生谈谈。)”提到和医生沟通。下文“In some cases，they may also recommend avoiding certain exercises altogether.(在某些情况下，他们可能还会建议完全避免某些运动。)”为具体医生建议的内容。故可推断空格处内容为医生建议的内容。结合选项F项“They may suggest specific exercises and exercise frequency.(他们可能会建议具体的运动和运动频率。)”符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选F。 答案　F Ⅲ.语法填空 There are plenty of benefits to having an older brother.However，a new study finds an interesting disadvantage: with an older brother 1. (come)the poor language development of his younger siblings(兄弟姐妹). The study is based upon some research which shows that having older siblings 2. (link)with poor language development.Now researchers have reached a more specific conclusion：only children with an older brother exhibit these language 3. (difficult). Researchers studied more than 1，000 children from birth to the age of five­and­a­half years old.Each child's language skills were tested at ages 2，3，and 5.5，using tests specially 4. (design) to measure numerous aspects of language development.5. they discovered was significant：compared with children having an older sister，those with an older brother had，6. average，a two­month delay in their language development. As for explaining this phenomenon，researchers have put 7. two assumptions.8. is that older sisters tend to talk more often than older brothers；the other is that older sisters usually compete with their siblings 9. (little) than older brothers for their parents' attention. Today，the whole picture of this phenomenon still remains 10. (explore). [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的有趣的研究发现：哥哥会影响弟弟妹妹的语言发展。 1．解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。文章使用了一般现在时态，此处介词短语“with an older brother”放在句首，句子用了完全倒装结构，句子主语为“development”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。 答案　comes 2．解析　考查动词的语态。句子主语“having older siblings”和谓语link之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is linked。 答案　is linked 3．解析　考查名词复数。根据“these”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填difficulties。 答案　difficulties 4．解析　考查过去分词作后置定语。空前的“tests”和“design”之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填designed。 答案　designed 5．解析　考查主语从句引导词。此处“ they discovered”是一个主语从句，所填词在从句中充当宾语，指事应用what。故填What。 答案　What 6．解析　考查固定搭配。固定短语on average表示“平均起来．通常”。故填on。 答案　on 7．解析　考查介词。根据语意可知，此处说明研究者“提出”两种假设，put forward/forth/up表示“提出”。故填forward/forth/up。 答案　forward/forth/up 8．解析　考查代词。承接上文“two assumptions”可知，此处说明一种假设。故填one。 答案　One 9．解析　考查比较级。根据后面的“than”可知，此处应用比较级。故填less。 答案　less 10．解析　考查非谓语动词和动词语态。动词“explore”和句子主语“the whole picture of this phenomenon”之间为被动关系，且在remain后常用动词不定式，此处应用动词不定式的被动式。故填to be explored。 答案　to be explored 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$