Unit 10 Section 2(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P1] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)According to this　theory　(理论)，people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. 2．The opened link is used to join the two ends of the　chain　(链子). 3．The survey used a　random　(随机的) sample of two thousand people across England and Wales. 4．The　phrase　(词语) is often used when a man cannot get the support he seeks. 5．About 23，000，000，000 tonnes of carbon dioxide are　released　(释放) into the atmosphere every year. 6．(2024·全国甲卷)These developments illustrate China's journey towards a modern and efficient transportation　network　(网络) that balances convenience with environmental responsibility. 7．She was carrying a　parcel　(包裹) of books under her arm. 8．This journal is　bimonthly　(两月一次的)，and that one quarterly. 9．Whatever I saw and heard on my trip gave me a very deep　impression　(印象). 10．Her father was a professor of finance and her mother was a　sociologist　(社会学家). Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The person referred　to　at the conference just now was an expert in this field. 2．This provides information　on　which to base future marketing strategies. 3．Our teacher impressed the　importance　(important) of knowledge on us. 4．It was because her mother was ill　that　she didn't go with us. 5．The building which will be built next year　will be used　(use) as the office building. 6．Every day the milkman delivers milk　to　our house. 7．(2024·新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷)We were tasked to draw or paint something that　impressed　(impress) us most. 8．Researchers took 60 adults and　randomly　(random) split them into three groups of 20. 9．This is certainly a　theoretical　(theory) risk but in practice there is seldom a problem. 10.　Personally　(personal) speaking，I think the show is going to be a great success. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.　With our knowledge based on practice　，we can make great contributions to our society. 有了基于实践的知识，我们可以为社会作出巨大的贡献。 2．Her particular way of smiling　left a good impression on me　. 她那独特的微笑方式给我留下了良好的印象。 3.　It was only when I reread his poems recently that　I began to appreciate their beauty. 直到最近重读了他的诗，我才开始欣赏这些诗的美。 4．They found that every facial expression　is connected to a certain color　. 他们发现每种面部表情都与某种颜色有关。 5.　In the last few decades　，advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past. 在过去的几十年，医疗技术的进步已经使得人们比过去更长寿成为可能。 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 “Six Degrees of Separation” refers 1.　to　the theory that any person on Earth can 2.　be connected　(connect) to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people. The concept 3.　was talked　(talk) about as long ago as in the 1920s.Frigyes Karinthy first introduced the idea of friendship networks in his book.In the 1950s，4.　an　attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory 5.　mathematically　(mathematical)；but after twenty years，they still did not have any success.In 1967，an American sociologist 6.　called　(call) Stanley Milgram tried using a new method 7.　to test　(test) the theory.It was this research 8.　that　inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”． In the last few decades，the theory and the phrase 9.　have appeared　(appear) again.In 2003，Columbia University confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six.Most recently，an experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages，or five degrees of 10.　separation　(separate). Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·南京高二下期末) Be a Beekeeper for a Day! Learn about the fascinating world of honey bees in a way that few get to experience： ·Your tour，led by a professional beekeeper，will include suiting up in protective gear，lighting a bee smoker，and getting up close with more than 100，000 bees. ·Guided tours include protective gear and select drinks. ·Any children under the age of 18 must be accompanied by at least one paid adult. Price Starting at $35 Ages 13＋：$50 Ages 6—12: $35 Time Saturdays Duration 1.5 Hours Place Two Hives Honey Ranch Things to know： Ensure you rive a few minutes before your start time to sign waivers (豁免协议) and get signed in. Tours are weather dependent，so if the forecast calls for rain，please watch your email 24—48 hours before in case we need to cancel/reschedule. What to bring： We will have a variety of protective gear for all of you.Please follow the guidelines： ◆Closed­toe shoes that cover the ankle are required. ◆Wear long pants and a long sleeve top.Try to stick to lighter colors on top. ◆Choose clothing that is loose fitting—nothing especially tight! ◆Avoid using materials that are hairy or made from sweater type materials. ◆Please avoid using any perfumes (香水) or creams—the bees are not fans of our smell. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个近距离接触蜜蜂的旅游项目。 1．What is the text? A．A student's scientific report. B．A user guide for keeping bees. C．An introduction to a scenic spot. D．An advertisement for a special tour. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段“Your tour，led by a professional beekeeper，will include suiting up in protective gear，lighting a bee smoker，and getting up close with more than 100，000 bees.(在专业养蜂人的带领下，您将穿上防护装备，点燃蜜蜂烟，并与超过10万只蜜蜂近距离接触。)”以及第三段“Guided tours include protective gear and select drinks.(导游服务包括防护装备和精选饮料。)”结合文章主要介绍了一个近距离接触蜜蜂的旅游项目。可知，文章是一个特别的旅游广告。故选D。 答案　D 2．If the weather doesn't permit，what should participants do? A．Reschedule for another day. B．Check the email box in advance. C．Cancel their participation immediately. D．Prepare rain gear for better experience. 解析　细节理解题。根据Things to know部分第二段中“Tours are weather dependent，so if the forecast calls for rain，please watch your email 24—48 hours before in case we need to cancel/reschedule.(旅游取决于天气，所以如果天气预报说有雨，请在24到48小时前查看您的电子邮件，以防我们需要取消或重新安排。)”可知，如果天气不允许，参加者应该提前查看邮箱。故选B。 答案　B 3．Which of the following is allowed during the tour? A．Being dressed in light­colored clothing. B．Wearing sweaters that are loose fitting. C．Using sunscreen with pleasant smells. D．Exploring independently at the age of 15. 解析　细节理解题。根据What to bring部分的“Wear long pants and a long sleeve top.Try to stick to lighter colors on top.(穿长裤和长袖上衣。尽量外层穿浅色。)”可知，在参观期间，可以穿着浅色的衣服。故选A。 答案　A B (2024·惠州高二下期末)Children exposed to videos by caregivers for their calming or “babysitting” benefits tended to use phrases and sentences with fewer words.A new study from Southern Methodist University psychologist Sarah Kucker and colleagues reveals that passive video use among children can negatively affect language development，but their caregiver's motivations for exposing them to digital media could also lessen the impact. Published in the journal Acta Paediatrica，the study involved 302 caregivers of children between 17 and 30 months.Caregivers answered questions about their child's words，sentences，and how much time they spend on different media activities each day.Those activities included video/TV，video games，video chat，and e­books，with caregivers explaining why they use each activity with their child.Print book reading was also compared. Researchers looked at the amount of media use and the reasons provided by caregivers for their children's media use.These factors were then compared to the children's vocabulary and length using two or more words together. The research reveals a negative association between high levels of digital media watching and children's vocabulary development.However，the negative impact on language skills was lessened when videos were used for educational purposes or to foster social connections—such as through video chats with family members. Kucker acknowledges that parents often use digital media to occupy children while they complete tasks.She suggests that caregivers need to consider what kind of videos and how much their children are watching，and whether they can interact with them during this period. Future research by Kucker and her colleagues will continue to explore the types of videos young children watch，how they use screens with others，and how that impacts language development. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章基于一项关于儿童观看视频与其语言发展之间关系的研究，介绍了研究方法、结果及对未来研究方向的展望。 4．What is the potential impact of being exposed to videos by caregivers on children? A．It enhances their vocabulary development. B．It has no significant effect on their language skills. C．It leads to the use of shorter phrases and sentences. D．It encourages them to read print books more often. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Children exposed to videos by caregivers for their calming or ‘babysitting’ benefits tended to use phrases and sentences with fewer words.(为了安抚情绪或‘照顾’孩子而观看由看护人提供的视频的儿童倾向于使用词汇较少的短语和句子。)”可知，由看护者为了让婴儿安静或起到临时照看作用而让他们接触视频的孩子倾向于使用更少词汇的短语和句子。故选C。 答案　C 5．What do paragraph 2 and 3 tell us about the study? A．Its research process. B．Its theoretical basis. C．Its underlying logic. D．Its scientific evidence. 解析　主旨大意题。根据文章第二段和第三段可知，这两段详细介绍了研究的实施过程，包括参与研究的儿童看护者的数量、他们需要回答的问题内容、涉及的媒体活动类型，以及研究人员如何比较和分析这些因素对孩子词汇发展的影响。故选A。 答案　A 6．Under what circumstance can the negative impact be lessened? A．When children focus on tasks. B．When children get involved in the content. C．When videos serve as entertainment. D．When videos aid learning and bond building. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“However，the negative impact on language skills was lessened when videos were used for educational purposes or to foster social connections—such as through video chats with family members.(然而，当视频用于教育目的或促进社会联系时(例如通过与家人视频聊天)，对语言技能的负面影响就会减少。)”可知，当视频用于教育目的或促进社交联系时(如与家庭成员进行视频聊天)，对语言技能的负面影响会减轻。故选D。 答案　D 7．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To point out the significance of the study. B．To bring out the focus of follow­up studies. C．To present the practical application of the findings. D．To discuss other affecting factors of babies' growth. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，其目的是介绍后续研究的重点方向，即继续探索儿童观看的视频类型、他们如何与他人共用屏幕，以及这对语言发展的影响。故选B。 答案　B Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life. When I was a teenager，a neighborhood friend 1 a marathon race.Feeling motivated，I started running 2 ，but then two things happened.First，a girl I met one day told me she was 3 for a “super”，referring to a 52.4­mile double marathon.Then，the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.To be honest，I 4 it！Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging，I decided that the only 6 I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I 7 cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 8 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day，I 9 her bike and went for a ride.The 10 ：The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.I'd never faced such 11 ．That day，I got 12 by about 100“local”bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home，suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as 13 ． I've 14 a lot since then.I've come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself，they just have to be my own. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了在生活中，他人的成就对作者的激励作用以及消极作用。作者曾经受朋友赢得马拉松比赛的激励而开始跑步，但后来因遇到更厉害的跑步者和感受到跑步的无聊而放弃。再后来作者转而骑自行车，但因爬坡的困难和被人超过的打击而放弃。最终，作者意识到目标应针对自身而设。 1．A.knew B．held C．won D．quit 解析　上文中的“I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life.”提到作者会因为别人的成就而受到激励。结合下文的“Feeling motivated，I started running”可知，此处是指一个社区的朋友赢得了马拉松比赛，作者因此受到了激励。quit“退出”。故用won。 答案　C 2．A.regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently 解析　结合语境和常识可知，作者受到了激励，因此应是开始定期跑步。silently“悄悄地，静静地”；proudly“得意地，自豪地”。故用regularly。 答案　A 3．A.asking B．looking C．waiting D．training 解析　由下文的“referring to a 52.4­mile double marathon”可知，作者遇到的那个女孩要参加一场52.4英里的双人马拉松比赛，因此她那时正在为之训练，故用 training。 答案　D 4．A.made B．believed C．hated D．deserved 解析　受到那个女孩的影响，作者第二天就开始跑自己从未跑过的最长距离——15 英里。根据下文的“the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者认为慢跑无比无聊，因此其实作者本身没有跑步的意愿，所以此处可推知，作者是讨厌跑15英里的。deserve“值得，应得”。故用 hated。 答案　C 5．A.advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence 解析　作者遇到的女孩为52.4 英里的双人马拉松比赛训练，而作者在跑15英里的距离，因此对比之下在那个女孩面前作者跑步的成就显得非常渺小。advantage“有利条件，有利因素，优势”； achievement“成就，成绩”；contribution“贡献”； influence“影响”。故用 achievement。 答案　B 6．A.way B．risk C．place D．reason 解析　由上文可知，跑步对作者而言是令人讨厌的、无聊的，因此作者放弃了跑步，决定以后能让自己再次跑步的唯一原因是后面有大狗在追赶。risk“危险，风险”。故用 reason。 答案　D 7．A.gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with 解析　由下文的“I got a good bike and rode a lot”可知，作者买了一辆好的自行车，并骑了很多次，因此作者放弃跑步后把自己的目标转向了骑自行车。give up“放弃”；go on“继续”；deal with“处理”。故用 turned to。 答案　C 8．A.heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved 解析　结合上文中描述的作者的经历和下文作者放弃了骑行可知，此处表示在骑行方面，作者一开始梦想着参加骑行比赛，直到飞往圣地亚哥拜访姐姐。complain“抱怨”；approve“同意”。故用dreamed。 答案　B 9．A.painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked 解析　根据空前的“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day”和空后的“went for a ride”可知，作者去圣地亚哥找姐姐，一天姐姐在上班，作者去骑行了，因此此处是说作者向姐姐借了自行车，故用borrowed。 答案　B 10．A.problem B．secret C．principle D．advice 解析　由空后的“The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，那里的道路穿过宽阔的山谷，在那里作者要一次骑好几英里的上坡路；再结合下文的“about 100 ‘local’bikers who were used to such roads”可知，与当地那些习惯了这种路的人相比，作者不习惯这种路，这种路对作者而言是一个问题。principle“原则，原理”。故用 problem。 答案　A 11．A.dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges 解析　作者要一次骑好几英里的上坡路，结合常识和下文作者放弃骑自行车可知，此处是在描述作者的困难，所以此处是说作者从来没有遇到过这种挑战。danger“危险，风险”； event“活动，比赛项目”；opponent“对手，竞争者”。故用challenges。 答案　D 12．A.passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped 解析　由上文内容和下文的“by about 100‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”可知，作者被熟悉这种路的当地骑行者超过，convince“使确信，使相信，使信服”； admire“钦佩，赞赏”。故用passed。 答案　A 13．A.reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing 解析　结合上文可知，作者在骑行途中遇到了挑战，又被大约百人超过，作者受挫了，因此骑行对作者来说就没有那么有吸引力了，reliable“可信赖的，可依靠的”；convenient“实用的，便利的”； familiar“熟悉的，常见到的，常听说的”。故用appealing。 答案　D 14．A.traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried 解析　结合文章最后一句“I've come to accept...be my own.”可知，经过跑步和骑行这两件事情，作者已经逐渐相信目标应是为自己而设的，因此作者成长了、成熟了，故用 matured。 答案　B 15．A.limits B．dates C．goals D．tests 解析　综合全文可知，在跑步和骑行这两件事情上，作者均受到了他人成就的影响，但结果都失败了，故此处是说自那之后作者逐渐相信不管为自己设定什么目标，这些目标都要是为自己而设的。limit“限制”。故用goals。 答案　C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$