Unit 9 Section Ⅶ Writing(课件PPT)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅶ　Writing—A Summary 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 写作培优 妙笔生花 01 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 01 写作培优 妙笔生花 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 谢谢观看 栏目导航 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 1 概要写作是在准确理解原文的前提下，确定要点，去除文章中次要的部分，只留文章框架的写作，应涵盖全部部分，并完全使用自己的语言。 概要写作必须绝对忠实于原文，既不能遗漏任何要点，也不能随意添加内容。根据篇章结构划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。 [写作手法] 1．文章结构 第1步 准确理解原文，明确主旨及结构 第2步 去次留精，提炼各意义段要点 第3步 转换词语和句式，合理陈述要点 第4步 恰当衔接过渡，完善概要写作 2．写作素材 ★精彩开头 The article points out the common phenomenon... 文章指出了普遍存在的现象…… The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B. 本文比较了A和B的优/缺点。 ★余味结尾 As a conclusion，the reporter stresses the importance of... 作为总结，报告者强调了……的重要性。 Summing up his thoughts，the writer concludes that... 总结他的思想，作者得出结论…… [注意事项] 第1步 准确理解原文，明确主旨和结构 在写概要之前，一定要先通读原文，在准确理解原文的前提下把握文章主旨和整体结构，根据文章的体裁特点来决定内容的取舍： 议论文一般分为三部分(提出话题—论证—结论)，说明文一般分为：第一部分介绍要阐述的内容或要说明的对象；第二部分说明现象或描述事物；最后一部分呼应主题。说明文和议论文的主旨一般在文章的开头，每一段的主旨句常在段首，少数在段中和段尾，有的段落需要根据段落内容进行归纳和概括。在概括文章主旨大意和段落主旨句时，应关注段落间的过渡衔接词和过渡句。 第2步 去次留精，提炼各意义段要点 明确文章主题和篇章结构后，先找出各段主旨句，同时标注与主旨有关的关键词，最后利用这些关键词用自己的话重组段落要点。归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息等无需在概要中一一列出。 第3步 转换词语和句式，合理陈述要点 利用同义词、近义词或反义词转换关键词，并将提炼出的要点利用相似句型转换、语态转换(即主动句转换为被动句或被动句转换为主动句)；利用非谓语动词或介词短语对句子进行简化或者利用定语从句、状语从句或主语从句合并句子，将原文要点转换为自己的话。 第4步 恰当衔接过渡，完善概要写作 在概要写作中，可以利用词汇和语法衔接手段，使各要点之间过渡合理，衔接连贯： 1．语法衔接 利用代词代替前面的名词(短语)或句子，用助动词代替前面的动词(短语) 2．在各要点之间利用恰当的过渡衔接词 (1)表并列顺承意义的：moreover，besides，in addition; for one thing，for another (thing); firstly，secondly等； (2)表转折意义的：however，instead，on the contrary，on the other hand，yet等； (3)表因果关系的：because，therefore，so, as a result，thus等； (4)表总结的：in short，to conclude，in conclusion，all in all，to sum up，in a word等； (5)表举例的：for example，for instance等。 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 A new study has been published that puts water quality and the skin of babies under the microscope.Dr.Carsten Flohr and his team at King's College London presented the results of their population­based study in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Researchers involved about 1，300 three­month­old babies from across the UK in this study.They looked specifically at the level of calcium carbonate(碳酸钙)in the water，which is a measure of water hardness.The level of chlorine(氯)in the family's water supply was also taken into consideration，as was the use of bathing products，and how regularly the babies were bathed.The babies were then examined for the presence of childhood eczema(湿疹).The natural barrier of their skin was also examined; babies were screened for the FLG gene which is associated with an affected skin barrier. The study found that hard water is linked to an 87 percent increased risk of eczema for babies of three months of age.“Our study builds on growing evidence of a link between exposure to hard water and the risk of developing eczema in childhood.It's not yet clear whether calcium carbonate has a direct bad effect on the skin barrier，or whether other environmental factors directly related to water hardness，such as the water's PH，may be responsible，” Dr.Carsten Flohr said. And the study，thankfully，doesn't end there.Dr.Flohr will be examining these results further，with a new study in the works.This late study is due to begin later this year and the question they will be seeking to answer is whether a device to lower water hardness in households will have any effect on the skin of babies.If a device is introduced into a household when a baby is born，will the risk of eczema developing be reduced？For those with babies or children suffering，this could be the news you have hoped for. [审题谋篇] ★审题定调 仔细阅读文章，然后概括各段的大意 Paragraph 1：卡斯滕·弗洛尔博士和他的团队发表了一项关于水质和婴儿皮肤的关系的新研究。 Paragraph 2：该研究的受试者为英国大约1 300名3个月大的婴儿。研究人员调查了水中碳酸钙的含量、洗澡用品的使用、洗澡频率、湿疹的发病率等诸多方面。 Paragraph 3：研究发现硬度高的水会使3个月大的婴儿患湿疹的风险增加87%。然而，像碳酸钙是否直接损害皮肤的屏障或者其他环境因素是否会直接影响水的硬度这样的问题还没有被弄清楚。 Paragraph 4：弗洛尔博士将继续研究降低水硬度的家用设备对婴儿的皮肤及降低婴儿患湿疹的概率是否有影响。 ★谋篇布局 体裁 说明文 话题 水质和婴儿皮肤的关系的新研究 时态 一般过去时为主 人称 第三人称 结构 各段的大意 [语言组织] 就本篇习作而言，每个部分围绕以下内容组织语言。 普通表达 高级表达 (要点1)Dr.Flohr and his team have made progress of new research into the link between water quality and infant skin health. New research into the link between water quality and infant skin health has made progress. (要点2)Researchers examined about 1，300 3­month­old infants and took various factors such as water hardness into consideration. To draw the conclusion，researchers examined about 1，300 3­month­old infants，taking various factors such as water hardness into consideration. (要点3)They found hard water made the risk of eczema for babies increase by 87%，but they don't know whether calcium carbonate harms the skin barrier directly. They found hard water made the risk of eczema for babies increase by 87%，but questions like whether calcium carbonate harms the skin barrier directly remain unclear. (要点4)Dr.Flohr will further examine to know that a household device which lowers water hardness benefits babies' skin or protects them from eczema. Dr.Flohr will further examine whether a household device lowering water hardness benefits babies' skin or protects them from eczema. [连句成篇] New research into the link between water quality and infant skin health has made progress.(要点1)To draw the conclusion，researchers examined about 1，300 3­month­old infants，taking various factors such as water hardness into consideration.(要点2)They found hard water made the risk of eczema for babies increase by 87%，but questions like whether calcium carbonate harms the skin barrier directly remain unclear.(要点3)Dr.Flohr will further examine whether a household device lowering water hardness benefits babies' skin or protects them from eczema.(要点4) 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 For thousands of years，Chinese people have valued the large family with three，four，or even five generations living under the same roof.That's what we call an extended family.Now it is changing.Compared to extended families，nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend.Apart from family size，these families are also featured by reduced dependence on the last generation.Young people are able to make decisions on their own and children are less likely to be brought up by their grandparents. The reason for the tendency of nuclear families can be reflected as follows.It's a time when young people think highly of individual freedom.Young people like to have personal space that won't be disturbed by the old generations.In this way，they are more likely to avoid conflicts caused by different living habits from their parents. It's also a time when social welfare institutions are highly advanced for old people to lead a comfortable life.Senior citizens can live together in some nursing homes and be taken good care of by specialized nursing workers，which may base young people's heavy burden of attending their aging parents. However，the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases.Young people are busy with their work and spend less time with their children.As a result，lacking enough care both from their parents and grandparents during their growth，children may develop mental illnesses like loneliness and depression.Many young people，therefore，hire babysitters to look after and keep company with their children，which adds a financial burden to them. Facing the problem above，young people can seek help from old generations，communities and government.Old generations are welcomed to take care of their grandchildren，especially when young people are asked to work overtime.Communities ought to organize some volunteers to look after unattended kids.And government can set up special loads for young people to relieve their financial problem.With the joint efforts，nuclear families are expected to fit in well with the development of the society. One possible version： The trend of nuclear families is increasing in China，with fewer generations living together under one roof (要点1).However，this trend also leads to challenges in child care，as parents have less time to spend with their children (要点2).Solutions such as involving grandparents，community volunteers，and government support are suggested to address these challenges (要点3). $$