Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 单元小卷测试-【万向思维·高考快递】2024-2025学年高中练习生英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 单元重组大练习 答案见D9 单元主题语境:人与自我-诚信和责任 单元大观念:培养正直诚信的优秀品质,提升责任意识,树立正确的价值观念和人生态度,促进 自我成长。 I.阅读理解 A 子主题1 词数327) 关键词 保护员工的好老板 语篇类型 记叙文) praise, protecting, autism [2022-2023湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高二下期中(改编)]Which's more important:Your employee or your customer? A popular business expression is, "The customer is always right." But you should never say "always" The owners of a restaurant in Aaska won international praise after protecting their autistic (惑自闭症的) employee. When the emplovee delivered the wrong food to a customer's house, that customer reacted violently and unkindlv. Even after the emplovee corrected the mistake, the customer continued to shout. So the owners "fired" the customer. Restaurant owners P. J. and Spiro Gialopsos have added the customer to the restaurant's "Do Not Deliver" list That customer is now persona non grata. Latin for "an unwelcome person" P. J. Gialopsos wrote on the restaurant's Facebook page, “You would think the majority of the population would have learned or at least heard about autism." Gialopsos said, "The employee has worked at the Little Italy Restaurant in Anchorage, Alaska, for two years He was very upset about the angry customer." Gialopsos describes the emplovee as a seriously gifted university student who is curious about the world. She adds that the emplovee also has "an amazing personality, great sense of humor and a strong work ethic". “This emplovee is also one who will not have to deal with that rude customer anymore," added Gialopsos. Reached at home by reporters, Gialopsos says she is happy about the positive comments she and her husband are receiving. By Tuesday afternoon, her Facebook posting about the incident received more than 30,oOo"Likes" and hundreds of positive comments. Comments and e-mails came from Australia. the United Kingdom, Ireland. Namibia and the United Arab Emirates. Gialopsos said she spent a couple of emotional days crying over the posts on the Facebook page. She adds thal many parents from around the country who have children with autism wrote to her about the incident."Their stories broke my heart," she said. Another comment on Facebook that she found"striking" is a woman who thanked them for hiring someone who is"differentlv-abled". 1. Why did the owners of the restaurant receive praise? A. They would always put their customers first. B. They had a"Do Not Deliver" list in their restaurant. / 19 ////// 练习生 高中英语·选择性必修第四册·YL C. They "fired" a customer for hurting their autistic worker D. They promised to deliver food to their customers' house. 2. What made the customer angry? A. The emplovee acted unkindly. B. He didn't get the food he ordered C. The owners' daughter was very impolite. D. He was considered an unwelcome person. 3. Why did Gialopsos cry when she read the posts on Facebook? A. Because she was moved by others' comments. B. Because nobody understood what she had done. C. Because children with autism were thankful to her. D. Because stories on the Facebook page hurt her feelings. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A restaurant guide. B. A news report. C. A research paper. D. A personal diary. -..................................... 子主题2 如何引导孩子承担责任 语篇类型 议论文 词数 348 关键词 fault, responsibility [2022-2023重庆市三峡名校联盟高二下春季联考]We often hear such statements as“I spilled juice,but it wasn't my fault.""I got in trouble at school, but it wasn't my fault."or"I was in a car accident, but it wasn' my fault." That "It's not my fault." is a go-to response for so many people and especially teenagers. Parents complain they are tired of the"excuse". The reason why variations of "It's not my fault." are so popular is that it lets us off the hook from guilt and blame. I'm a fan of not owning responsibility for things that 1 can't control. Teens who often say " It's my fault." when something bad happens tend to be highly self-critical perfectionistic and much easier to be troubled by anxiety and depression. While it is important to recognize a lack of reason to blame oneself, many teens over-rely on"It's not my fault." When trying to get them to take responsibility, parents usually attempt to convince their teens that something is their fault. The approach tends to be ineffective and turns into a power struggle. No one wins. A more effective approach can be to stress the significant drawbacks to consistently focusing on removing our responsibility with this phrase. Overuse of the phrase can result in feelings of lack of ability to control their own lives. This sense has been shown to cause low motivation. Besides creating feelings of lack of ability. overuse of "It's not my fault." focuses a teen's attention on what is done as opposed to what needs to be done. People may not have caused all their problems, but they have to solve them anvway. The example I frequentl share with teens is the question of what one will do if he is pushed into a deep lake. One can certainly stay in the water, yelling,"It's not my fault." However, that won't get him out of water. He needs to swim to the shore. regardless of the fault. 20 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility If you take a proper approach to communicating with your teens, you can help them avoid over-reliance on “lt's not my fault." 5. What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A. The teenagers' dislike for school life. B. The common trouble faced by teenagers. C. The reasons for blaming others for accidents D. The tendency for people not to be responsible for the mess in life. 6. What type of teens tend to suffer great mental pressure according to the text? A. Those allowing others to find excuses. B. Those lacking confidence and ambition. C. Those unable to get along well with others. D. Those often blame themselves for some incidents. 7. What's paragraph 4 mainly about? A. It's harmful to overuse "It's not my fault." B. It's important to learn lessons from faults. C. It's difficult for people to admit their faults D. It's absurd to often find excuses for mistakes in life. 8. What lesson is conveved in the example often shared by the author? A. We should try to avoid troubling others. B. We should focus on how to address issues. C. We should dare to point out others' mistakes D. We should be self-critical as much as possible. IlI.七选五 子主题3 语篇类型 说明文 词数 建立信任的方法 250 关键词 build trust, be trustworthy [2022-2023湖北省孝感市高二上期末(改编)]Trust is the basic foundation of any relationship in both professional and personal capacity. Here are some ways to build trust and be trustworthy. Be always honest Honesty is a virtue that must be cultivated(培养) fully if you desire to establish trust with others. Half-truths and white lies are a recipe for disaster. 1. Communicate effectively Poor communication is one of the main reasons why trust is unable to be sustained (维持) in any environment. The failure to clarify your stand may lead to unpleasant assumption. 2. _. If you want to avoid any issues, it is important to communicate openly and freely with other parties involved in the beginning 21 ////// 练习生 高中英语·选择性必修第四册·YL 3. Promises are not meant to be broken. Once you make a promise, it's as binding(必须遵守的) as legal papers. It's important that you honor your commitments if you're interested in building trust. Do not be too quick in making decisions There is no need to take too much pressure if you're faced with a dilemma. 4. . If the other party asks you to make a comment immediately and you have reservations about it, you can decline the task and say no in the beginning. Take the necessary time . It's an ongoing process that needs time to take root and develop effectively. Steady progress is possible only if it's a regular activity; therefore, prepare to take small steps if you are looking for ways to build trust. Focus on the endgame and do not expect results in the beginning A. Keep your word B. Don't take everything for granted C. Trust cannot be earned in seconds D. This can cause disagreements and the breaking of trus E. Therefore, avoid them at all costs if you are trving to build trust F. You'd better take the time to consider your approach from every angle G. Make sure you are paving attention to old and new relationships equally II.完形填空 子主题4 诚实、负责与宽怒 语篇类型 记叙文 词数 232 关键词 accidental damage [2022-2023江苏省南京市、盐城市高三年级第二次模拟考试]There was an oak tree in my yard,close to where neighbors parked their cars. One day I saw a big bird surrounding a baby squirrel(松鼠), as if 1 it. So I picked up a rock, and being 2 to aim, I threw the rock at the bird..but the stone bounced off a 3 breaking the windshield(挡风,玻璃) of a new white Prius car. My blood ran cold. In 4 yet calmly, I put my personal information under the windshield, went back inside and watched to 5 which neighbor's car window I destroyed. Later a young man came to the Prius and I ran out to 6 the accident and promised to 7 . He was a mild and gentle man. He called his relatives-my neighbors, who were also very 8 . After some 9 , I knew that they planned to attend a wedding party...and now they had no car! I quietly cried 10 but that made this family even kinder-they 11 me and decided to take a taxi. The very next day I received a 12 from an agent of the man's insurance office. In a(n) 13 voice of further kindness, she accepted my explanation of how this accidental damage occurred and agreed to 14 all I was impressed by the example set by everyone concerned and what 15 looked like. B. hunting C. defending 1. A. parenting D. coaching B. free C. likely 2. A.certain D. willing 22 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 3. A. car B. relative C. branch D. neighbor B. anxiety C. despair 4. A. delight D. curiosity 5. A. imagine B. judge C. record D. see 6. A. explain B. prevent C. witness D. investigate B. make changes 7. A. take responsibility C. turn up D. back dowr 8. A. confused C. active B. kind D. scared 9. A. conflicts C. exchanges B. examination D. reflection C. in regret 10. A. in relief B. with fear D. with anger 11. A. surprised B. inspired C. guided D. comforted B. letter C. receipt 12. A. ticket D. call B. thrilled 13. A. mixed C. displeased D. unexpected B. cover 14. A. sponsor C. admit D. release 15. A. justice B. optimism C. forgiveness D. sympathy IV.语法填空 子主题5 一名交警的职业感悟 语篇类型 记叙文 词数 218 关键词 job, duty, proud At first I didn't want to be a traffic police officer. I wanted to be a criminal police officer. When 1 (assign) to the traffic police at the beginning, I was a little 2. (disappoint). Later I found out that traffic police is the most commonly seen on the street, and there is indeed a lot of danger. With our help, traffic problems can be tackled, and life can run 3 (smooth). There4. ( be) the motorcycles that weigh more than 25o kilograms, still not quite suitable for women. In times like this, my passion for this job is 5. keeps me going. I first got a motoreycle rider's license and 6. (enrol) in a gym to do 7. ( strong) training. You have to be able to handle the motorcvcle first before riding it Various emergencies may oecur on the road, such as a pregnant woman or someone else needing to get to the hospital urgently. When we're on duty, if a driver sees us, he or she pulls over and urges us to intervene. (say) something like, "Can you help us get through? We're 9. the way to the hospital."We can clear the way right away. 10 time permits, we even get the person to the hospital. Moments like this make me feel very proud / 23 //////参考答案及超详思路 5. accidentally 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词 she found'striking' is a woman who thanked them for hiring slipped.作状语。故填aocidentally someone who is'differently-abled'.”可知,网友们在她的 6. and 1 考查连词。句意:他(紧紧地抓着阳台边缘)坚持了 Facebook上留下的帖子和评论让她非常感动。故选A。 几分钟,并大声叫他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他(的叫 4.B 考查文章出处。通读全文,尤其是倒数第二段中的 声)。由句意可知,hungon和screamed这两个动作是并列 “Reached at home by reporters.."和最后一段 Gialopsos在 关系。故填and。 接受记者采访时说的话可知,本文最可能来自一篇新闻报 7. was fixing 考查时态和主谓一致。根据空后的“whenhe 道。故选B。 heard the sereams”并结合语境可知,空处所在句包含“be 词汇积累 doing...when...”结构.表示.正在做.....突然......”;该句 名词:employee n.雇员 expressionn.表达;表示;措辞 描述的是过去发生的事情,且主语为第三人称单数,故b 动词应用was。故填was fixing。 autismn.孤独症;自闭症 副词:violently adr.凶猛地;凶狠地;强烈地;猛烈地;厉 8. threw 考查时态。分析句子结构并根据表示并列关系的 害地 连词and可知,空处所填词与后文的started之间是并列关 短语:the majority of 大部分/大多数 系,二者为该句的并列谓语,故空处也应该使用所给词的 过去式。故填threw 长难句分析 9. son's 考查名词所有格。life与提示词son之间是所属 Reached at home by reporters, Gialopsos says [ she is happy 过去分词短语作状语 主语 谓语 关系,故空处应该使用名词所有格。故填sons 10.how 考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他 about the positive comments (she and her husband are receiving)]. 宾语从句 定语从句 分析句子结构可知,本题考查“特殊疑问词+todo”这一 句意:Gialopsos在家中被记者联系到时说,她对自已和她 结构在句中作宾语的用法。根据句意可知,how“如何” 符合语境。故填how。 丈夫正在得到的积极评价(感到)高兴 词汇积累 B 动词:hangv.悬挂;吊 slipv.滑倒;滑落 fix r.修理 语导读)青少年经常说“这不是我的错”。作者分析了其 形容词:accidental adi. 意外的;偶然的 hurt adi.(身体 原因及危害,并讨论了父母应该如何引导孩子承担责任。 5. D 考查推理判断。第一段中的“That'Its notmy fault.' 上)受伤的 is a go-to response for so many people and especially 单元重组大练习 teenawrs.”提到,“这不是我的错”是很多人,尤其是青少 年的惯常反应。由此可知,第一段主要描述的现象是人们 1. 总是不想为生活中的麻烦事负责,故选D A 6. D 考查细节理解。第二段中的“Teens who often say'lt's 语蔺导读 文章主要讲述了阿拉斯加的一家餐馆的老板因 my fault.' when something bad happens tend to be highly self- 保护了他们的自闭症员工而高得了国际赞的故事。 critical, perfectionistic and much easier to be troubled by 1. C 考查细节理解。根据第二段“The owners of a restaurant anxiety anddepression.”提到,当不好的事情发生时,经常 in Alaska won international praise after protecting their autisti 说“这是我的错”的青少年往往高度自我批评、追求完美 (患自团症的)employee.”和第三段“When the employee... 并且更容易被焦虑和抑郁困扰。由此可知,经常因为某些 So the owners'fired'the customer.”可知,这家餐馆的老板 事情责怪自已的人常常遭受极大的精神压力,故选D 因一位顾客态度恶劣,言语粗鲁而伤害了他们的自闭症员 7.A 考查主旨大意。根据第四段“Ovenuse of the phrase can 工.最终“解雇”了这位顾客,因此得到了各方赞誉。故 result in feelings of lack of ability to control their own lives. 选C。 This sense has been shown to cause low motivation.. focuses a 2.B 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Whentheemployee teen's attention on what is done as opposed to what needs to be delivered the wrong food to a customer's house, that customer done.”可知,过度使用“这不是我的错”这个短语会让人产 reactedviolently andunkindly.”可知,这位员工送错了食 生缺乏控制自已生活的能力的感觉,并且会使青少年的注 物,顾客没有得到自已预订的食物,因此很生气。故选B 意力集中在已经完成的事情上,而不是需要做的事情上 3.A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段”'Their storiesbroke 由此可知,本段主要说过度使用“这不是我的错”这个短语 my heart,' she said."和"Another comment on Facebook that 是有害的,故选A。 英语一{ D9 [练习生 高中英语·选择性必修第四册·YL 8.B 考查推理判断。作者在倒数第二段中的“Theexample and sayno inthebeginning.”可知,如果对方要求你立即发 I freguently share..swim to the sbore, regardless of the fault.' 表评论,而你对此有保留意见,你可以不用立即做出决定。 提到一个例子:如果一个人被推进湖里,他可以大喊“这不 而要谨慎思考,甚至拒绝。F项“You'dbetter take the time 是我的错”,但这无济于事,他还是得想办法游到岸上去。 to consider your approach from every angle"说明你做决定时 这个例子印证了倒数第二段的第一句“Peoplemaynothave 要从各个角度去谨慎思考,符合语境。故选F. caused all their problems, but they have to solve them 5.C 根据本段的小标题“Take the necessary time”可知,建 anyway.”。由此可知,作者通过这个例子想分享的教训是 立信任需要花费时间。根据空处下文“It'sanongoing 人们应该专注于如何解决问题,故选B process that needs time to take root and develop effectively." 词汇积累 可知,建立信任是一个持续的过程,你需要花时间去培养 名词:statementn.说明;说法;表白;表态;声明;报告 信任。C项“Trust cannot be eamed in seconds”说明信任的 variation n.变化;变体 depressionn.抑郁;沮丧 建立需要花时间,与本段小标题以及下文意义一致;且下 文的“It”指代的就是C项中的“Trust”。故选C。 形容词:significantadi.显著的;相当数量的 副词:consistently adr.一贯地,始终;一致地 词汇积累 短语:be tired of 厌倦 a lack of 缺乏 名词:foundationn.地基;基础;基本原理;根据 capacity 长难句分析 n.能力,才能;容积 assumptionn.假定;假设 is [ the The example ( I frequently share with teens) 动词:clarify t.潦清;阐明 形容词:professionaladj.职业的:专业的 定语从句 系动词 主语 trustworthy adj question of (what one will do if he is pushed into a deep lake)]. 值得信赖的;可信的 表语 宾语从句 条件状语从句 长难句分析 句意:我经常与青少年分享的例子是,如果一个人被推入 ( If you want to avoid any issues). it is important 一个深湖,他会做什么。 条件挟语从句 形式主语系动词 表语 lI.语简导读)文章介绍了建立信任的方法。 to communicate openly and freely with other parties involved in 真正的主语 1F 根据本段的小标题“Bealwavshonest”可知,本段强调 the beginning 的是:想要建立信任,就要永远诚实。根据空处上文”Half 句意:如果你想避免(出现)任何问题,那么重要的是在一 truths and white lies are a recipe for disaster.”可知,半真半 开始就与其他相关方进行公开、自由的沟通。 假的陈述和善意的慌言是灾难的根源,即说说是无法建立 信任的。E项"Therefore, avoid them at all costs if you are I.语隔导读 作者不小心打破了邻居家的车的挡风玻璃,结 trving tobuildtrust”承接上文,且其中的“them”指代上文中 果车主和车主的亲戚都对作者很友好,没有怪罪作者的 的"Half-truths and white lies"。故选E. 无心之过,连保险公司代理人也十分友好地接受了作者 2.D 根据空处上文"The failure to elarify your stand may lead 对意外损坏原因的解释,并同意支付全部赔偿。每个相 to unpleasant assumption.”可知,想要建立信任,就要阐明 关的人树立的榜样以及宽怒的样子给作者留下了深刻的 立场,否则可能会导致他人产生不愉快的设想。D项“This 印象。 can cause disagreements and the breaking of tnust"进一步议 1. B 考查动词。根据上文“a big bird surrounding a baby 明,因不阐明立场而出现的(对方的)设想会进一步导致自 squirrel(松鼠)”和下文“So I picked up a rock, and being 己与对方之间出现分歧和不信任,与上文意义一致,符合 2 to aim, I threw the rock at the bird...”可知,作者看到 语境。故选D. 一只大鸟围着一只小松鼠,以为那只大鸟在猎杀松鼠,所 3.A 空处是小标题。下文“Pmmises arenot meant to be 以捡起一块石头朝那只鸟扔去。hunt意为“猎杀”,故 broken.”提到承诺是不能被打破的。由此可知,本段主题 选B. 是:要遵守诺言。A项“Keepyourword”符合语境。故 2.A 考查形容词。根据下文”to aim, I threwthe rock at the 选A。 bird”可知,此处指作者捡起一块石头,确定腊准了目标,就 4.F 根据本段的小标题"Do not be too quick in making 朝那只鸟扔去。certain意为“确定的”,故选A。 decisions”可知,本段强调:不要急于做决定。根据空处下 3. C 考查名词。根据上文“There was an oak tree in my 文"If the other party asks you to make a comment immediately yard...”可知,这里指石头从树枝上弹开了,打到了一辆车 and you have reservations about it, you can decline the task 的挡风玻璃。branch意为“树枝”,故选C。 D10 英语 参考答案及超详思路 4.B 考查名词。根据下文中的“yetcalmly”并结合常识可 V.语隔辱读)作者身怀刑警梦,却走上了交警岗位,和同事 知,由干不小心打破了别人的玻璃,作者应是担心的 在平凡岗位上为人民服务,守护道路平安,做着不平凡的 anxietv意为“担心”,故选B 日常工作。 5.D 考查动词。根据下文“whichneighbor's car window1 1. was assianed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子 destroyed”可知,作者想弄清自已打破了哪家邻居的车的 可知,空处在时间状语从句中作谓语。所给词assign(分 挡风玻璃。see意为“弄清”,故选D 派)和主语1之间是动宾关系,所以从句应用被动语态;由 6.A 考查动词。根据上文内容可知,车的挡风玻璃是作者 主句中的was可知,本句为一般过去时,所以从句也应用 打破的,所以此处是指作者向车主解释事故原因。explain 一般过去时;从句的主语是1.be动词用was。故填was 意为“解释”,故选A。 assigned。 7.A 考查动词短语。根据上文“the accident and promised 2. disappointed 考查形容词。由语境可知,这里描述的是 to”可知,作者解释事故原因,且表示愿意承担责任。take “我”的状态,所以应用-ed形式的形容词。故填 responsibility意为“承担责任;负责”,故选A disappointed. 8. B 考查形容词。根据上文“He was a mild and gentle man. 3. smoothly 考查副词。空处修饰动词run,作状语,所以 He called his relatives-my neighbors, who were also very"中 应用副词形式。故填smoothly 4.are 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此句是 “also”可知,作者的邻居和车主一样,都很和葛。下文中的 “but that made this family even kinder"也有提示。kind意 There be句型,主语themotorevcles为复数概念,且描述的 为“友好的;宽容的”,故选B 是一般情况,故填are 9. C 考查名词。根据下文"I knew that they planned to attend 5.what 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的 aweddingparty”可知,经过一番交流,作者得知他们打算 是一个表语从句,且空处在从句中作主语,指物,所以应用 what引导该从句。故填what。 去参加婚礼。exchange意为“交谈;对话”,故选C 6. enrolled 10.C 考查介词短语。根据上文“1quietly cried”可知,作者 考查时态。enrolin意为“报名参加”。由and 可知,空处应和上文中的got在形式上保持一致,所以应用 哭了,应是因为很后悔自已破坏了别人的计划。inregret enrol的过去式,故填enrolled 意为“后悔地”,故选C. 7. strength 考查名词。空处修饰training,所以应填一个名 11. D 考查动词。根据上文中的“He called his relatives-my 词或形容词来修饰。dostrengthtraining意为“进行力量训 neighbors, who were also very 8 ."和"but that made this 练”。故填strength。 family evenkinder”可知,这家人很善良,他们还反过来安 8. saying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语 慰哭泣的作者。comfort意为“安慰”,故选D。 动词,所以空处应填所给词的非谓语动词形式,且 12. D 考查名词。根据下文中的“voice of further kindness" “8 (say)something like”作伴随状语,主语与say 可知,作者接到了保险公司代理人的电话。call意为“电 之间是主谓关系,所以应用现在分词形式作状语,故填 话”,故选D。 saying。 13.D 考查形容词。根据下文中的“voice of further 9. on 考查介词。“onthe way to...”为固定短语,意为“在 kindness, she accepted my explanation”可知,代理人出乎意 去......的路上”。故填on. 料地友好。unexpected意为“出乎意料的”,故选D. 10. 考查状语从句。分析语境可知,这里指的是“如果时 14.B 考查动词。下文的“all”指全部的赔偿费用,所以此 间允许,我们甚至会把那个人送到医院”。所以应用f引 处应用动词cover,表示“给......保险;承保”。故选B。 导该条件状语从句。空处位于句首,单词首字母大写。 15.C 考查名词。结合上文可知,作者犯了错,打破了邻居 故填If。 的车的挡风玻璃,但是取得了车主和其亲威的谅解,连保 ·技巧点拨 词形转换解题技巧 险公司代理人也对作者很友好;他们表现出对他人的宽 词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答 想。forgiveness意为“原谅;宽恕”,故选C. 语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时,一要根据空处在 技巧点拨 完形填空解题步骤 句中所作的成分确定词性:名词在句中常作主语、宾 1.快速通读全文,了解文章大意; 语、表语或定语等,动词作谓语或非谓语,形容词作表 2.考虑语境,注意上下呼应; 语或定语,副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个 3.集中精力解决难点; 句子;二要根据标志词及语境确定是否使用比较级或 4.耐心通读全文,认真复查。 最高级 英语一{ D11