考前清单05.阅读理解语篇段落推进5种模式-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(北京专用)

考前清单05.阅读理解语篇段落推进5种模式 中考英语阅读理解语篇段落推进的五种模 模式一：总分式‌ ‌【特点】 段落首句提出总论点，后续通过细节、例子或数据展开支撑。 （1）‌主题句前置‌：首段首句或前两句直接点明文章核心（如现象、观点或问题），例如科普说明文首段常以定义句开篇（"Global warming refers to the long-term rise in Earth’s temperature"）‌。 （2）‌段落逻辑分层‌：中间段落从不同角度分述支撑内容，如原因、案例、数据等，结构标记词包括 firstly, for example, studies show 等‌。 （3）‌首尾呼应性‌：约30%的总分式语篇会在结尾复现主题句，或提出建议（如环保类文本的呼吁行动）。 【例子】 Environmental protection is crucial. First, recycling reduces waste. Second, planting trees improves air quality. Third, using public transport cuts carbon emissions.（总论点后分三点说明） The museum has three main exhibits. The first hall displays ancient pottery; the second focuses on medieval weapons; the third showcases modern art.（总分结构明确分层）‌ Learning a language requires three skills: listening, speaking, and writing. Listening helps understand pronunciation; speaking builds fluency; writing enhances grammar.（总分结合具体技能说明）‌ 模式二：分总式‌ ‌【特点】 段落先描述细节或现象，结尾总结核心观点。文章先通过多个段落分述具体事例或论据（“分”），最后在结尾段落总结核心观点或结论（“总”），形成“分-总”逻辑结构。 这类语篇通常前文以细节支撑（如数据、案例、现象描述）铺垫，结尾段通过总结性词汇（如“in conclusion”“therefore”）或重复关键词点明主旨，帮助读者快速把握作者意图‌。例如，一篇关于环保的文章可能先描述空气污染、森林砍伐等具体问题，结尾强调“保护地球需全民行动”的中心思想‌。解题时需注意：分总式语篇的主旨题答案多隐藏在结尾段，细节题则需定位前文分述部分；同时需识别段落间的逻辑信号词（如“finally”“as a result”）以验证结构‌。 ‌【例子】 Some students study late at night, others join study groups, and a few use apps for revision. All these methods aim to improve grades.（分述方法后总结目的）‌ Birds migrate to find food, fish swim upstream to spawn, and bears hibernate to survive winter. These behaviors show animals’ instinct to adapt.（分述行为后提炼共性）‌ Many people use smartphones for games, social media, and online shopping. However, overuse may harm eyesight and social skills.（分述现象后点明问题）‌ 模式三：总分总式‌ ‌【特点】 首句总起，中间分述，尾句呼应或升华主题。 （1）总起‌：首段（或首句）明确主题，概括全文核心内容或观点，通常包含关键词或主旨句。‌例‌：Recycling is one of the most effective ways to protect our environment.（说明文首句点明主题） （2）‌分述‌：中间段落分点展开，通过‌举例、数据、因果分析‌等支持总起内容，常见逻辑连接词如： ‌Firstly, Secondly, Finally‌（列举）； ‌For example, Such as‌（举例）； ‌Because, Therefore‌（因果）。 ‌例‌：First, recycling reduces waste. For instance, 60% of plastic can be reused. Second, it saves energy... （3）‌总结‌：结尾段呼应开头，重申主题或提出建议/呼吁，常用总结性词汇：‌In conclusion, To sum up, Remember that... ‌【例子】 Reading broadens our horizons. Through novels, we explore imaginary worlds; through biographies, we learn life lessons; through science books, we understand nature. Thus, reading shapes our minds.（总→分→总结升华）‌ Teamwork leads to success. In sports, players pass the ball strategically; in projects, members share ideas; in emergencies, cooperation saves lives. Clearly, unity creates strength.（总分总结构强化观点）‌ Technology changes lives. Smartphones connect people globally, AI simplifies work, and VR enhances entertainment. These innovations prove technology’s power.（总分总强调技术影响）‌ 模式四：并列结构‌ ‌【特点】 段落内各句为平行关系，通过并列逻辑推进。通过并列连词（如 ‌and, or, but‌）、标点符号（如逗号、分号）或关联副词（如 ‌however, therefore‌）将多个独立且逻辑平行的句子、短语或概念连接起来，形成清晰的信息层次‌。其核心特点包括： （1）‌信息对等性‌：并列成分在语义和语法上保持平衡，例如用 ‌not only...but also...‌ 强调递进关系，或用 ‌either...or...‌ 表达选择关系‌。 （2）‌逻辑关联性‌：通过并列结构呈现因果关系（‌so, for‌）、对比转折（‌but, yet‌）或补充说明（‌and, besides‌），帮助读者快速理解语篇逻辑‌。 （3）‌结构多样性‌：可能表现为简单并列句（如分句间用逗号分隔）、复合并列句（如分号连接复杂分句），或段落间的并列延伸（如多个段落围绕同一主题展开不同角度论述）‌。 在解题中，考生需注意：（1）‌识别连接词‌：快速定位 ‌and/or/but‌ 等标志词，判断前后分句的逻辑关系（如并列、转折、因果）。（2）‌整合平行信息‌：并列结构常隐含关键细节，例如通过 ‌both...and...‌ 强调共同点，或通过 ‌neither...nor...‌ 否定双方‌。（3）‌推断隐含逻辑‌：若语篇未显性使用连词，需通过分句的平行结构（如相同句式、重复关键词）推测作者意图‌。 ‌【例子】 Dogs are loyal companions. Cats are independent pets. Birds bring joyful songs. Each animal has unique traits.（并列描述不同动物特点）‌ Spring brings blooming flowers. Summer offers sunny beaches. Autumn paints golden leaves. Winter covers the world in snow.（并列四季特征）‌ Some people prefer reading paper books; others enjoy e-books; a few listen to audiobooks. All formats serve the love of stories.（并列方式后总结共性）‌ 模式五：因果关系‌ ‌【特点】 段落以因果逻辑推进，解释现象或结果。因果关系模式‌常以‌逻辑链‌形式呈现，用于解释事件、现象或人物行为的动机与结果，其核心特点包括： （1）‌因果链结构明确‌ ‌由因到果‌：先陈述原因，后推导结果（如环境破坏→物种灭绝）。 例句：The river was polluted (因), so fish died out (果). ‌由果溯因‌：先抛出结果，再逆向分析原因（如成绩下降→缺乏复习）。 例句：Tom failed the exam (果) because he spent too much time gaming (因). （2）‌显性与隐性表达并存‌ ‌显性因果‌：使用‌连接词‌（because, so, due to, as a result）直接标明逻辑关系。 例句：The heavy rain caused the flood, resulting in traffic jams. ‌隐性因果‌：无明确词汇提示，需通过‌语境推断‌（如人物情绪变化→事件触发）。 例句：Mary stayed up late reviewing notes. The next day, she fell asleep in class.[隐含因果关系：熬夜复习（因）→ 上课犯困（果）] （3）‌高频题型与解题策略‌ ‌细节题‌：定位因果关键词，匹配选项中的“原因-结果”对应关系。 题目：Why did the company close? 原文：The company lost money for years, so it had to shut down. ‌推断题‌：整合分散信息，识别隐性因果链（如多段落间的关联）。 原文分述：①工厂排放废气 → ②居民健康恶化 → ③政府出台法规。 题目：What led to the new law? → 答案：工厂污染（①）与健康问题（②）。 ‌【例子】 Excessive screen time strains eyes. As a result, many teenagers suffer from nearsightedness.（直接因果链）‌ Deforestation destroys animal habitats. Consequently, species like pandas face extinction.（因果关联环境问题）‌ Regular exercise strengthens the heart. Therefore, doctors recommend 30 minutes of daily activity.（因果强调健康建议）‌ （建议用时：40分钟） 阅读理解 1 After leaving the publishing industry in my fifties, I chose a university to follow my love for animal biology. I regard the experience as a change for my self-confidence, both inside and outside the classroom. My background is in the arts, so I wanted to see if I could keep up with a science degree. I had to look after my parents when I was 18, so I didn’t have the opportunity to go to university then. However, it didn’t stop me from pursuing my dream. I was a little nervous, and worried at the beginning, but I was actually treated the same as all the other students. I’m definitely a bit of a mum figure to some of my classmates, but that’s fine. Friendship grows in different ways. I’ve done lots of volunteering, so there have been plenty of opportunities to extend (扩展) my knowledge and experience. My family have been so supportive. My husband is retired now and has taken on lots of the housework so that I can study. My daughter has already got a degree and she’s been great helping me get new views. I’ve hunted for a few jobs at the university, and I’m also considering other qualifications (学历). I have learned so much about critical thinking. I would recommend adult study to anyone, even if it’s just college, so they can feel that connection and support. That’s what I missed—going in regularly and having a group of people to talk to, especially if you have gradually lost your confidence over the years. You need the support from people who see you as a person and not just a mum or a wife. It’s really given me the confidence to speak up again, to join in and be part of the society. 1．Why did the author choose a university? A．To teach arts. B．To get a degree. C．To follow her passion. D．To find a better job. 2．What did the author benefit from her experience? A．She got on better with her old friends. B．She learned to be stricter with herself. C．She was more responsible for her housework. D．She became more confident to express herself. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．It is never too old to learn. B．Hard work is the key to success. C．Family support is of great importance. D．Volunteering is helpful in developing friendship. 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了作者在五十多岁时选择重新进入大学学习，并且通过学习获得了自信和成长。 1．细节理解题。根据“I chose a university to follow my love for animal biology”可知，作者选择了一所大学来追随她对动物生物学的热爱。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“It’s really given me the confidence to speak up again, to join in and be part of the society”可知，作者通过大学学习获得了更多的自信，能够更自信地表达自己，并且重新融入社会。故选D。 3．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了作者在五十多岁时选择重新进入大学学习，并且通过学习获得了自信和成长，所以我们可以活到老学到老。故选A。 2 The Whispering Woods You might think forests are quiet, but beneath the soil, trees are busy talking. Using fungal (真菌) networks, plants send chemical signals—not confidences about tree parties, but warnings about dangers like insects or drought. This “wood-wide web” helps them survive. In the 1990s, ecologist Suzanne Simard found mother trees sending nutrients to young ones through fungal links. Media ran wild: “Trees hug!” “Forests have brains!” Soon, the idea that trees cooperate selflessly became gospel (真理). Gardeners planted “friend groups” of species said to share. Cities designed parks based on these fungal networks. But not all scientists bought the story. Dr. Liang’s 2023 experiments showed plants collect resources when stressed. In one trial, drought-hit pines cut fungal connections to weaker neighbors, keeping water for themselves. “It’s more every-tree-for-itself,” Liang said. This kicked off a debate: Are forests families...or competitors? The truth likely lies in between. A 2024 global study analyzed 1,000 forests. It found trees share only when it costs them little. Healthy trees in rich soil send help; stressed ones don’t. Humans projecting ideals onto nature causes trouble. For instance, planting “cooperative” species in poor soil often backfires (事与愿违)—they fight underground, stunting (妨碍) growth. In Australia, a project planting “friendly” trees developed into a crashed diversity. “We thought trees were better than us,” said researcher Patel. “Turns out, they’re just as messy.” This isn’t to say fungal networks are useless. Smart farming now uses mild stress to trigger limited sharing, increasing crop resilience (韧性) without fairy tales. As Simard herself advises: “Let forests speak.” 1．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The benefits of fungal networks for drought-hit trees. B．A scientific challenge to the “cooperative trees” theory. C．Methods to improve communication between plants. D．The role of media in spreading environmental ideas. 2．The word confidence in paragraph 1 means ______. A．a secret that you tell someone B．belief in one’s own abilities C．chemical signals sent by plants D．trust between different species 3．What can we learn from the 2024 global study? A．Stressed trees always help their neighbors. B．Tree cooperation depends on soil conditions. C．Forest projects should use more trees. D．Human activities have destroyed fungal networks. 4．The writer probably agrees that ______. A．the “wood-wide web” idea is fictional B．plant communication studies should be stopped C．forests teach humans how to resolve conflicts (冲突) D．nature is much more complex than we often think 【答案与解析】本文是一篇科普类文章，主要讲述了树木通过真菌网络进行交流的现象，并探讨了树木之间是合作还是竞争的关系。文章引用了多项科学研究，揭示了树木在不同环境下的行为模式，并指出人类对自然的理想化投射可能会导致误解。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第3段“But not all scientists bought the story ... This kicked off a debate: Are forests families…or competitors?”可知，不是所有科学家都同意这个理论，第三段主要讲述了对“树木合作理论”的科学挑战。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第1段“Using fungal networks, plants send chemical signals—not confidences about tree parties, but warnings about dangers like insects or drought.”可知，通过真菌网络，植物发送的信号是关于昆虫或干旱等危险的警告，不是关于树木聚会的秘密。“confidences”在此处意为“秘密”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“It found trees share only when it costs them little. Healthy trees in rich soil send help; stressed ones don’t.”可知，在肥沃土壤中健康的树木会提供帮助；而处于压力下的树木则不会，即树木的合作取决于土壤条件。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第4段“Humans projecting ideals onto nature causes trouble. For instance, planting ‘cooperative’ species in poor soil often backfires—they fight underground, stunting growth.”可知，人类将理想投射到自然中会引发问题，以及文章第5段“Turns out, they’re just as messy.”可推知，作者认为自然比我们通常认为的要复杂得多。故选D。 3 Have you ever heard of e-waste (electronic waste, 电子垃圾), which can be produced every day? How do you deal with your computers, MP4 players and mobile phones when they’re broken or you want a new one? Most people just throw them away. With the development of electronic industry, e-waste pollution has become a serious problem. According to the United Nations, in 2014, people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of e-waste and only recycled 6.5 million tons. The US was the biggest waster, producing 7.1 million tons. China came second, with 6 million tons. It’s important to pay attention to e-waste. It can either be valuable or harmful (有害的), depending on how we deal with it. E-waste is a valuable urban mine (城市矿藏). The value of the metals, like gold and silver in the waste around the world, is amazing. And the metals can be reused. But if people throw them away, the toxic chemicals (有毒化学物质) can get into the earth or air, affecting the environment and people’s health. Apple, for example, now recycles people’s used products in China when they are buying new ones. The company will test and repair the used ones and sell them at lower prices. To help reduce (减少) e-waste, we can also take computers and phones to see if companies offer recycling programs. 1．The following can become e-waste EXCEPT ________. A．computers B．mobile phones C．plastic bags D．MP4 players 2．Which country produced most e-waste last year according to the United Nations? A．America. B．China. C．Japan. D．France. 3．What does the underlined word “affecting” mean in this passage? A．Protecting. B．Influencing. C．Improving. D．Preventing. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．E-waste is useless and can’t be recycled. B．The recycled Apple products will be sold at higher prices. C．Buying new electronic products is the only way to reduce e-waste. D．People should pay more attention to e-waste. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To prove that e-waste is useless. B．To encourage people to buy more electronic products. C．To advise people to deal with e-waste properly to reduce pollution. D．To talk about the value of e-waste. 【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及如何正确处理电子垃圾以减少污染的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据“How do you deal with your computers, MP4 players and mobile phones when they’re broken or you want a new one?”可知，电子垃圾包括电脑、MP4播放器和手机等电子产品。而塑料袋不属于电子产品。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The US was the biggest waster, producing 7.1 million tons. China came second, with 6 million tons.”可知，美国是电子垃圾产生最多的国家。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据“But if people throw them away, the toxic chemicals (有毒化学物质) can get into the earth or air, affecting the environment and people’s health.”可知，如果人们把它们扔掉，有毒化学物质会进入土壤或空气，这样会影响环境和人的健康，划线单词表示“影响”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“It’s important to pay attention to e-waste. It can either be valuable or harmful (有害的), depending on how we deal with it.”可知，人们应该更加关注电子垃圾问题，故选D。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及如何正确处理电子垃圾以减少污染的问题，目的是建议人们正确处理电子垃圾以减少污染。故选C。 4 Imagine you are in an autonomous vehicle (AV，自动驾驶车辆) and face this terrible choice: The car must either turn left and hit an 8-year-old girl, or turn right and hit many walkers. On top of this “moral dilemma (道德困境)”, if the car doesn’t turn, you could be in danger. What decision would you want the car to make? When AVs face dangerous situations, should they save people in the car first or walkers? Should they put the greater good above one person’s safety? These questions have been under discussion for years, but there is no perfect answer. “A moral dilemma is a dilemma; it has no clear answer,” wrote Derek Leben, a professor at the Tepper School of Business, US, in his paper. Iyad Radhwan, an MIT scientist studied these questions. He found out that people often think about their own safety first. “People buying these cars, they want cars that protect the passengers. But they want other people’s cars to protect walkers instead.” AVs bring not only moral dilemmas but also problems with rules. If there is an accident, who should be responsible? In July, 2024, a self-driving taxi by Baidu hit a walker in Wuhan, Hubei, who ran a red light. Baidu worked with the police and took the walker to the hospital. In another accident in Seattle, US. in April, 2024, it was decided that the “driver” should be responsible because he was on his phone while in the full self-driving mode (模式). The situations of different accidents caused by AVs are so complex (复杂的) that “now there are no very clear laws about it”, said Ji Xuehong, a researcher from North China University of technology. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic of moral dilemmas faced by AVs? A．By giving an example of a hard decision. B．By explaining what moral dilemmas mean. C．By describing how self-driving cars work. D．By introducing the rules for self-driving cars. 2．What does Derek Leben think about the moral dilemma? A．It won’t happen in real life. B．It is easy to make a choice. C．There is no perfect answer. D．Drivers should protect themselves. 3．What is Paragraph 6 mainly about? A．Real-life examples of AV accidents in China. B．The best ways to deal with the moral dilemma. C．Rules of driving AVs in big cities like Seattle. D．Different situations of accidents caused by AVs. 4．What might be Ji Xuehong’s opinion in the last paragraph? A．AVs are hard to drive. B．We need better laws for AVs. C．AVs can cause a lot of trouble. D．There will be no need for drivers soon. 【答案与解析】本文主要围绕自动驾驶车辆展开讨论，指出其面临的道德困境。 1．细节理解题。根据“Imagine you are in an autonomous vehicle ... What decision would you want the car to make?”可知，作者描述了一个自动驾驶车辆面临艰难抉择的场景，通过这个例子引出了自动驾驶车辆面临的道德困境这一话题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“‘A moral dilemma is a dilemma; it has no clear answer,’ wrote Derek Leben, ...”可知，Derek Leben认为道德困境没有完美答案。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。通读文章第六段可知，第六段主要讲述了2024年7月百度自动驾驶出租车在武汉撞人，以及2024年4月美国西雅图自动驾驶汽车的事故，展示了自动驾驶车辆引发的不同事故情况。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“The situations of different accidents caused by AVs are so complex (复杂的) that ‘now there are no very clear laws about it’, said Ji Xuehong, ...”可知，Ji Xuehong认为自动驾驶车辆引发的事故情况复杂，目前没有明确法律，由此可推断她认为我们需要更好的相关法律。故选B。 5 On February 12, 2025, the China Manned Space Agency announced the official names of the spacesuit and lunar rover (月球车) for China’s manned lunar exploration mission. They are named “Wangyu” (meaning “gazing at the universe”) and “Tansuo” (meaning “exploration”). The name “Wangyu” means “gazing at the universe and exploring the unknown.” It shows the Chinese astronauts’ mission to look into space and start new journeys on the moon. This name is connected to the “Feitian” spacesuit used for space station missions. It shows China’s plan to move from working in space to landing on the moon. The name also shows China’s peaceful use of space and its efforts to build a community with a shared future for humanity. The lunar rover is named “Tansuo,” which means “exploration.” This name shows the rover’s job to help Chinese people explore the mysteries of the moon. The rover can be folded and is made of different parts. It can carry two astronauts and move quickly over rough ground. It can also help with navigation, safety, communication, and carrying things. It will help astronauts do scientific research and tests on the moon. The names were chosen from more than 9,000 entries in a public competition. They are full of Chinese culture and modern spirit. From “Chang’e” and “Yutu” to “Tianwen” and “Zhurong,” and now “Wangyu” and “Tansuo,” the names of China’s spacecraft always connect traditional culture with modern technology. They show China’s spirit of exploration and innovation. Right now, the “Wangyu” spacesuit and the “Tansuo” lunar rover are in the early stages of development. China plans to send people to the moon before 2030. The mission will test key technologies like traveling between the Earth and the moon, staying on the moon for a short time, and working together with robots. The astronauts will do many tasks like landing, exploring, collecting samples, researching, and bringing things back to Earth. The names “Wangyu” and “Tansuo” mark a new step in China’s space exploration. They are not only the results of China’s space technology but also symbols of the Chinese people’s spirit of exploring the universe. 1．What does the name “Wangyu” symbolize? A．The rover’s ability to move quickly on the moon. B．The astronauts’ mission to explore space and the moon. C．The connection between traditional culture and modern technology. D．The competition to name the spacesuit and rover. 2．What can we know about the “Tansuo” lunar rover? A．It is designed to carry only one astronaut. B．It is mainly used for communication purposes. C．It cannot move over rough ground. D．It can help astronauts perform scientific tasks on the moon. 3．What does the article suggest about China’s space exploration? A．It focuses only on space station missions. B．It aims to compete with other countries for space dominance. C．It combines traditional culture with modern technology. D．It has no plans for manned lunar missions. 4．What can we know about the names “Wangyu” and “Tansuo”? A．They were chosen by a small group of scientists. B．They are unrelated to Chinese culture. C．They were named after ancient Chinese emperors. D．They reflect China’s peaceful use of space and spirit of exploration. 5．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To explain how spacesuits and lunar rovers are made. B．To describe the history of China's space exploration. C．To compare Chinese spacecraft with those of other countries. D．To introduce the names and meanings of China’s new spacesuit and lunar rover. 【答案与解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国载人航天局公布了载人月球探测任务的宇航服和月球车的正式名称——“望宇”和“探索”，并介绍了它们的含义及任务。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The name ‘Wangyu’ means ‘gazing at the universe and exploring the unknown.’ It shows the Chinese astronauts’ mission to look into space and start new journeys on the moon.”可知，“望宇”这个名字象征着宇航员探索太空和月球的任务。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It can carry two astronauts and move quickly over rough ground. It can also help with navigation, safety, communication, and carrying things. It will help astronauts do scientific research and tests on the moon.”可知，“探索”月球车可以帮助宇航员在月球上进行科学任务。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“From ‘Chang’e’ and ‘Yutu’ to ‘Tianwen’ and ‘Zhurong,’ and now ‘Wangyu’ and ‘Tansuo,’ the names of China’s spacecraft always connect traditional culture with modern technology.”可知，中国的太空探索结合了传统文化与现代技术。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They are full of Chinese culture and modern spirit.”和文章第二段“The name also shows China’s peaceful use of space and its efforts to build a community with a shared future for humanity.”可知，“望宇”和“探索”这两个名字反映了中国和平利用太空和探索精神。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章整体内容可知，本文的主要目的是介绍中国新的宇航服和月球车的名称及其含义。故选D。 6 Many people like going on holiday. It’s a good chance to relax, visit new places and see new things. But while planning a trip, you have to decide whether you want to travel with family or friends, or just alone. Traveling with family can be very cheap or even free, if parents pay. However, there may be many arguments. One friend told me that both she and her sister were in tears after arguing on holiday. In my own family, Dad always wants to go to a museum. Mom would like to stay in the hotel. My sister likes to buy clothes. As for me, the coffee shop is a great place. Traveling with friends would be fun. When you are traveling with friends, you do more different things than you do with family. It is a way to strengthen a friendship. You can learn more about your friends. You can become closer to each other. But money always plays an important role if you go on holiday with your friends. It is normal for you to have different budgets (预算). Besides, there is also a lot of compromise (妥协) while you’re planning where to stay and what to eat. When it comes to choosing whom to travel with, there is another choice: Traveling alone. Traveling alone has advantages (优点) over traveling with other people. For example, you do not have to compromise on your budget. You can choose what you want to do, and it’s easier for you to make new friends. ▲ Sometimes you may feel lonely and bored. And, when you want to go to the toilet at the bus station or airport, there is nobody to look after your things. 1．What decision do you have to make while you are planning a trip? A．Where to stay. B．What to eat. C．How to go. D．Who to go with. 2．What does the writer’s sister usually like to do during her trip? A．Go shopping. B．Stay in the hotel. C．Visit the museum. D．Relax in the café. 3．What does the underlined word “strengthen” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Test. B．Improve. C．End. D．Study. 4．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．Children are too young to travel alone. B．Here are some tips for traveling alone. C．Of course, traveling alone is not always good. D．If you travel alone, you must look after yourself. 【答案与解析】本文主要探讨了在计划旅行时，人们需要决定是与家人、朋友一起旅行还是独自旅行，并分别阐述了这三种旅行方式的优缺点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But while planning a trip, you have to decide whether you want to travel with family or friends, or just alone.”可知，在计划旅行时，你必须决定和谁一起去旅行。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“My sister likes to buy clothes.”可知，作者的姐姐在旅行中通常喜欢去购物。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“You can learn more about your friends. You can become closer to each other.”可知，和朋友一起旅行可以更多地了解朋友，彼此变得更亲近。由此可推测“strengthen a friendship”意为“增进友谊”，strengthen意思与improve“改善，增进”相近。test“测试”； end“结束”；study“学习，研究”都不符合题目要求，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据空格后的“Sometimes you may feel lonely and bored. And, when you want to go to the toilet at the bus station or airport, there is nobody to look after your things.”可知，这里说的是独自旅行的一些不好的方面。C选项“当然，独自旅行并不总是好的”能引出下文独自旅行的弊端，符合语境。故选C。 7 Earthquakes. Floods. Storms. It seems that every day we read about at least one of these somewhere in the world. But every year, somewhere another kind of disaster causes great harm to plants and people. It’s something much smaller and not so well-known as an earthquake or a food—it’s an insect called the locust. The locust usually does things alone—it lives on its own and eats on its own. But, sometimes, something changes the way nature works. When the number of locusts increases somewhere and there are lots of plants to eat, the locusts get together in swarms. Perhaps the most dangerous locust is the desert locust. It is found in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in about 60 countries altogether. When desert locusts swarm, they bring problems to one-tenth of all the humans in the world. The numbers are huge and scary. A swarm of desert locusts can be l, 200 km2 in size—imagine an area that is over 20 km wide and 50 km long, full of locusts! Each locust eats its own weight in plants every day—so a swarm of desert locusts can eat more than 150 million kilos of food in one day. They can also fly very long distances—in 1954 a swarm of locusts from northwest Australia few thousands of miles to Spain and finally landed in Great Britain! It’s no wonder that farmers in many countries of the world fear the desert locusts more than snakes and spiders. It’s the desert locust that brings hunger to people all over the world. 1．What does the underlined word “swarms” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．plants. B．groups. C．animals. D．problems. 2．Where can you find the most dangerous locusts? A．In Africa. B．In Spain. C．In Australia. D．In Great Britain. 3．What can we learn about the desert locusts? A．They usually do things together. B．They even feed on snakes and spiders. C．They are able to fly at a very high speed. D．They influence people all over the world. 4．How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By telling stories. C．By making comparison. D．By listing numbers. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．A Great Danger. B．The Crying Plants. C．A Flying Disaster. D．The Hungry Animals. 【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了蝗虫灾害。 1．词义猜测题。根据“When the number of locusts increases somewhere and there are lots of plants to eat, the locusts get together in swarms.”可知，当一个地方蝗虫数量增加，有很多植物可以吃的时候，蝗虫就聚集在一起。因此“swarms”与“groups”语义相近。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Perhaps the most dangerous locust is the desert locust. It is found in Africa”可知，在非洲可以找到最危险的蝗虫。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“It’s the desert locust that brings hunger to people all over the world.”可知，沙漠蝗虫影响着全世界的人。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“A swarm of desert locusts can be l, 200 km2 in size—imagine an area that is over 20 km wide and 50 km long, full of locusts! Each locust eats its own weight in plants every day—so a swarm of desert locusts can eat more than 150 million kilos of food in one day.”可知，作者通过列举数字支持他在第四段中的观点。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了蝗虫灾害。选项C“飞行灾难”适合作为本文的标题。故选C。 8 In a small village there was a postman. When he was twenty years old, he started sending all kinds of happy or sad stories to the villagers’ homes fifty kilometres away day after day. Twenty years flew by, and many changes took place, but there were still no trees along the road, only flying dust (尘土). “How long shall I go along this dusty road?” As soon as he thought he had to spend his life riding the bike on the road with no flowers or trees, he felt very sad. One day when he finished sending the letters and was ready to return, he passed by a flower shop. “Right, that’s it!” He walked into the shop, bought some wild flower seeds, and the next day he began to drop these seeds along the road. After one day, two days, one month, two months ... he always kept dropping the wild flower seeds. Before long, a lot of little flowers came out along the road, blooming (开花) in all seasons. For the villagers, the flowers and the sweet smell were more pleasant than any letters the postman sent in all his life. On the road without dust but full of petals (花瓣), the postman rode his bike happily. He never felt lonely or anxious any more. 1．How old was the postman when he started his job? A．Thirty years old. B．Twenty years old. C．Over forty years old. D．Over fifty years old. 2．What was the road like before? A．Covered with flowers. B．Covered with trees. C．Full of flying dust. D．Full of seeds. 3．What did the postman buy at the flower shop? A．Bikes. B．Wild flowers. C．Petals. D．Wild flower seeds. 4．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．The villagers showed no interest in the flowers. B．The postman enjoyed the road full of petals. C．The villagers helped buy the flower seeds. D．The postman still felt sad in the end. 5．What does the writer want to express in this passage? A．Little things make a big difference. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．Practice makes perfect. D．Old habits die hard. 【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位邮递员在二十岁时开始工作，二十年来一直沿着一条尘土飞扬的道路送信。一天，他决定在路边撒下野花种子，最终道路两旁开满了鲜花，邮递员也感到更加快乐。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When he was twenty years old, he started sending all kinds of happy or sad stories to the villagers’ homes fifty kilometres away day after day.”可知，他二十岁时开始从事邮递员的工作。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“but there were still no trees along the road, only flying dust (尘土)”可知，这条路之前尘土飞扬。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He walked into the shop, bought some wild flower seeds”可知，邮递员在花店买了野花种子。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“On the road without dust but full of petals (花瓣), the postman rode his bike happily. He never felt lonely or anxious any more.”可知，邮递员在没有尘土但满是花瓣的道路上，快乐地骑着自行车，他再也不感到孤独或焦虑了，说明他喜欢这条满是花瓣的路。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，邮递员通过撒下野花种子，改变了道路的环境，也改变了自己的心情，表达了“小事也能带来大变化”的主题。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考前清单05.阅读理解语篇段落推进5种模式 中考英语阅读理解语篇段落推进的五种模 模式一：总分式‌ ‌【特点】 段落首句提出总论点，后续通过细节、例子或数据展开支撑。 （1）‌主题句前置‌：首段首句或前两句直接点明文章核心（如现象、观点或问题），例如科普说明文首段常以定义句开篇（"Global warming refers to the long-term rise in Earth’s temperature"）‌。 （2）‌段落逻辑分层‌：中间段落从不同角度分述支撑内容，如原因、案例、数据等，结构标记词包括 firstly, for example, studies show 等‌。 （3）‌首尾呼应性‌：约30%的总分式语篇会在结尾复现主题句，或提出建议（如环保类文本的呼吁行动）。 【例子】 Environmental protection is crucial. First, recycling reduces waste. Second, planting trees improves air quality. Third, using public transport cuts carbon emissions.（总论点后分三点说明） The museum has three main exhibits. The first hall displays ancient pottery; the second focuses on medieval weapons; the third showcases modern art.（总分结构明确分层）‌ Learning a language requires three skills: listening, speaking, and writing. Listening helps understand pronunciation; speaking builds fluency; writing enhances grammar.（总分结合具体技能说明）‌ 模式二：分总式‌ ‌【特点】 段落先描述细节或现象，结尾总结核心观点。文章先通过多个段落分述具体事例或论据（“分”），最后在结尾段落总结核心观点或结论（“总”），形成“分-总”逻辑结构。 这类语篇通常前文以细节支撑（如数据、案例、现象描述）铺垫，结尾段通过总结性词汇（如“in conclusion”“therefore”）或重复关键词点明主旨，帮助读者快速把握作者意图‌。例如，一篇关于环保的文章可能先描述空气污染、森林砍伐等具体问题，结尾强调“保护地球需全民行动”的中心思想‌。解题时需注意：分总式语篇的主旨题答案多隐藏在结尾段，细节题则需定位前文分述部分；同时需识别段落间的逻辑信号词（如“finally”“as a result”）以验证结构‌。 ‌【例子】 Some students study late at night, others join study groups, and a few use apps for revision. All these methods aim to improve grades.（分述方法后总结目的）‌ Birds migrate to find food, fish swim upstream to spawn, and bears hibernate to survive winter. These behaviors show animals’ instinct to adapt.（分述行为后提炼共性）‌ Many people use smartphones for games, social media, and online shopping. However, overuse may harm eyesight and social skills.（分述现象后点明问题）‌ 模式三：总分总式‌ ‌【特点】 首句总起，中间分述，尾句呼应或升华主题。 （1）总起‌：首段（或首句）明确主题，概括全文核心内容或观点，通常包含关键词或主旨句。‌例‌：Recycling is one of the most effective ways to protect our environment.（说明文首句点明主题） （2）‌分述‌：中间段落分点展开，通过‌举例、数据、因果分析‌等支持总起内容，常见逻辑连接词如： ‌Firstly, Secondly, Finally‌（列举）； ‌For example, Such as‌（举例）； ‌Because, Therefore‌（因果）。 ‌例‌：First, recycling reduces waste. For instance, 60% of plastic can be reused. Second, it saves energy... （3）‌总结‌：结尾段呼应开头，重申主题或提出建议/呼吁，常用总结性词汇：‌In conclusion, To sum up, Remember that... ‌【例子】 Reading broadens our horizons. Through novels, we explore imaginary worlds; through biographies, we learn life lessons; through science books, we understand nature. Thus, reading shapes our minds.（总→分→总结升华）‌ Teamwork leads to success. In sports, players pass the ball strategically; in projects, members share ideas; in emergencies, cooperation saves lives. Clearly, unity creates strength.（总分总结构强化观点）‌ Technology changes lives. Smartphones connect people globally, AI simplifies work, and VR enhances entertainment. These innovations prove technology’s power.（总分总强调技术影响）‌ 模式四：并列结构‌ ‌【特点】 段落内各句为平行关系，通过并列逻辑推进。通过并列连词（如 ‌and, or, but‌）、标点符号（如逗号、分号）或关联副词（如 ‌however, therefore‌）将多个独立且逻辑平行的句子、短语或概念连接起来，形成清晰的信息层次‌。其核心特点包括： （1）‌信息对等性‌：并列成分在语义和语法上保持平衡，例如用 ‌not only...but also...‌ 强调递进关系，或用 ‌either...or...‌ 表达选择关系‌。 （2）‌逻辑关联性‌：通过并列结构呈现因果关系（‌so, for‌）、对比转折（‌but, yet‌）或补充说明（‌and, besides‌），帮助读者快速理解语篇逻辑‌。 （3）‌结构多样性‌：可能表现为简单并列句（如分句间用逗号分隔）、复合并列句（如分号连接复杂分句），或段落间的并列延伸（如多个段落围绕同一主题展开不同角度论述）‌。 在解题中，考生需注意：（1）‌识别连接词‌：快速定位 ‌and/or/but‌ 等标志词，判断前后分句的逻辑关系（如并列、转折、因果）。（2）‌整合平行信息‌：并列结构常隐含关键细节，例如通过 ‌both...and...‌ 强调共同点，或通过 ‌neither...nor...‌ 否定双方‌。（3）‌推断隐含逻辑‌：若语篇未显性使用连词，需通过分句的平行结构（如相同句式、重复关键词）推测作者意图‌。 ‌【例子】 Dogs are loyal companions. Cats are independent pets. Birds bring joyful songs. Each animal has unique traits.（并列描述不同动物特点）‌ Spring brings blooming flowers. Summer offers sunny beaches. Autumn paints golden leaves. Winter covers the world in snow.（并列四季特征）‌ Some people prefer reading paper books; others enjoy e-books; a few listen to audiobooks. All formats serve the love of stories.（并列方式后总结共性）‌ 模式五：因果关系‌ ‌【特点】 段落以因果逻辑推进，解释现象或结果。因果关系模式‌常以‌逻辑链‌形式呈现，用于解释事件、现象或人物行为的动机与结果，其核心特点包括： （1）‌因果链结构明确‌ ‌由因到果‌：先陈述原因，后推导结果（如环境破坏→物种灭绝）。 例句：The river was polluted (因), so fish died out (果). ‌由果溯因‌：先抛出结果，再逆向分析原因（如成绩下降→缺乏复习）。 例句：Tom failed the exam (果) because he spent too much time gaming (因). （2）‌显性与隐性表达并存‌ ‌显性因果‌：使用‌连接词‌（because, so, due to, as a result）直接标明逻辑关系。 例句：The heavy rain caused the flood, resulting in traffic jams. ‌隐性因果‌：无明确词汇提示，需通过‌语境推断‌（如人物情绪变化→事件触发）。 例句：Mary stayed up late reviewing notes. The next day, she fell asleep in class.[隐含因果关系：熬夜复习（因）→ 上课犯困（果）] （3）‌高频题型与解题策略‌ ‌细节题‌：定位因果关键词，匹配选项中的“原因-结果”对应关系。 题目：Why did the company close? 原文：The company lost money for years, so it had to shut down. ‌推断题‌：整合分散信息，识别隐性因果链（如多段落间的关联）。 原文分述：①工厂排放废气 → ②居民健康恶化 → ③政府出台法规。 题目：What led to the new law? → 答案：工厂污染（①）与健康问题（②）。 ‌【例子】 Excessive screen time strains eyes. As a result, many teenagers suffer from nearsightedness.（直接因果链）‌ Deforestation destroys animal habitats. Consequently, species like pandas face extinction.（因果关联环境问题）‌ Regular exercise strengthens the heart. Therefore, doctors recommend 30 minutes of daily activity.（因果强调健康建议）‌ （建议用时：40分钟） 阅读理解 1 After leaving the publishing industry in my fifties, I chose a university to follow my love for animal biology. I regard the experience as a change for my self-confidence, both inside and outside the classroom. My background is in the arts, so I wanted to see if I could keep up with a science degree. I had to look after my parents when I was 18, so I didn’t have the opportunity to go to university then. However, it didn’t stop me from pursuing my dream. I was a little nervous, and worried at the beginning, but I was actually treated the same as all the other students. I’m definitely a bit of a mum figure to some of my classmates, but that’s fine. Friendship grows in different ways. I’ve done lots of volunteering, so there have been plenty of opportunities to extend (扩展) my knowledge and experience. My family have been so supportive. My husband is retired now and has taken on lots of the housework so that I can study. My daughter has already got a degree and she’s been great helping me get new views. I’ve hunted for a few jobs at the university, and I’m also considering other qualifications (学历). I have learned so much about critical thinking. I would recommend adult study to anyone, even if it’s just college, so they can feel that connection and support. That’s what I missed—going in regularly and having a group of people to talk to, especially if you have gradually lost your confidence over the years. You need the support from people who see you as a person and not just a mum or a wife. It’s really given me the confidence to speak up again, to join in and be part of the society. 1．Why did the author choose a university? A．To teach arts. B．To get a degree. C．To follow her passion. D．To find a better job. 2．What did the author benefit from her experience? A．She got on better with her old friends. B．She learned to be stricter with herself. C．She was more responsible for her housework. D．She became more confident to express herself. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．It is never too old to learn. B．Hard work is the key to success. C．Family support is of great importance. D．Volunteering is helpful in developing friendship. 2 The Whispering Woods You might think forests are quiet, but beneath the soil, trees are busy talking. Using fungal (真菌) networks, plants send chemical signals—not confidences about tree parties, but warnings about dangers like insects or drought. This “wood-wide web” helps them survive. In the 1990s, ecologist Suzanne Simard found mother trees sending nutrients to young ones through fungal links. Media ran wild: “Trees hug!” “Forests have brains!” Soon, the idea that trees cooperate selflessly became gospel (真理). Gardeners planted “friend groups” of species said to share. Cities designed parks based on these fungal networks. But not all scientists bought the story. Dr. Liang’s 2023 experiments showed plants collect resources when stressed. In one trial, drought-hit pines cut fungal connections to weaker neighbors, keeping water for themselves. “It’s more every-tree-for-itself,” Liang said. This kicked off a debate: Are forests families...or competitors? The truth likely lies in between. A 2024 global study analyzed 1,000 forests. It found trees share only when it costs them little. Healthy trees in rich soil send help; stressed ones don’t. Humans projecting ideals onto nature causes trouble. For instance, planting “cooperative” species in poor soil often backfires (事与愿违)—they fight underground, stunting (妨碍) growth. In Australia, a project planting “friendly” trees developed into a crashed diversity. “We thought trees were better than us,” said researcher Patel. “Turns out, they’re just as messy.” This isn’t to say fungal networks are useless. Smart farming now uses mild stress to trigger limited sharing, increasing crop resilience (韧性) without fairy tales. As Simard herself advises: “Let forests speak.” 1．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The benefits of fungal networks for drought-hit trees. B．A scientific challenge to the “cooperative trees” theory. C．Methods to improve communication between plants. D．The role of media in spreading environmental ideas. 2．The word confidence in paragraph 1 means ______. A．a secret that you tell someone B．belief in one’s own abilities C．chemical signals sent by plants D．trust between different species 3．What can we learn from the 2024 global study? A．Stressed trees always help their neighbors. B．Tree cooperation depends on soil conditions. C．Forest projects should use more trees. D．Human activities have destroyed fungal networks. 4．The writer probably agrees that ______. A．the “wood-wide web” idea is fictional B．plant communication studies should be stopped C．forests teach humans how to resolve conflicts (冲突) D．nature is much more complex than we often think 3 Have you ever heard of e-waste (electronic waste, 电子垃圾), which can be produced every day? How do you deal with your computers, MP4 players and mobile phones when they’re broken or you want a new one? Most people just throw them away. With the development of electronic industry, e-waste pollution has become a serious problem. According to the United Nations, in 2014, people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of e-waste and only recycled 6.5 million tons. The US was the biggest waster, producing 7.1 million tons. China came second, with 6 million tons. It’s important to pay attention to e-waste. It can either be valuable or harmful (有害的), depending on how we deal with it. E-waste is a valuable urban mine (城市矿藏). The value of the metals, like gold and silver in the waste around the world, is amazing. And the metals can be reused. But if people throw them away, the toxic chemicals (有毒化学物质) can get into the earth or air, affecting the environment and people’s health. Apple, for example, now recycles people’s used products in China when they are buying new ones. The company will test and repair the used ones and sell them at lower prices. To help reduce (减少) e-waste, we can also take computers and phones to see if companies offer recycling programs. 1．The following can become e-waste EXCEPT ________. A．computers B．mobile phones C．plastic bags D．MP4 players 2．Which country produced most e-waste last year according to the United Nations? A．America. B．China. C．Japan. D．France. 3．What does the underlined word “affecting” mean in this passage? A．Protecting. B．Influencing. C．Improving. D．Preventing. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．E-waste is useless and can’t be recycled. B．The recycled Apple products will be sold at higher prices. C．Buying new electronic products is the only way to reduce e-waste. D．People should pay more attention to e-waste. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To prove that e-waste is useless. B．To encourage people to buy more electronic products. C．To advise people to deal with e-waste properly to reduce pollution. D．To talk about the value of e-waste. 4 Imagine you are in an autonomous vehicle (AV，自动驾驶车辆) and face this terrible choice: The car must either turn left and hit an 8-year-old girl, or turn right and hit many walkers. On top of this “moral dilemma (道德困境)”, if the car doesn’t turn, you could be in danger. What decision would you want the car to make? When AVs face dangerous situations, should they save people in the car first or walkers? Should they put the greater good above one person’s safety? These questions have been under discussion for years, but there is no perfect answer. “A moral dilemma is a dilemma; it has no clear answer,” wrote Derek Leben, a professor at the Tepper School of Business, US, in his paper. Iyad Radhwan, an MIT scientist studied these questions. He found out that people often think about their own safety first. “People buying these cars, they want cars that protect the passengers. But they want other people’s cars to protect walkers instead.” AVs bring not only moral dilemmas but also problems with rules. If there is an accident, who should be responsible? In July, 2024, a self-driving taxi by Baidu hit a walker in Wuhan, Hubei, who ran a red light. Baidu worked with the police and took the walker to the hospital. In another accident in Seattle, US. in April, 2024, it was decided that the “driver” should be responsible because he was on his phone while in the full self-driving mode (模式). The situations of different accidents caused by AVs are so complex (复杂的) that “now there are no very clear laws about it”, said Ji Xuehong, a researcher from North China University of technology. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic of moral dilemmas faced by AVs? A．By giving an example of a hard decision. B．By explaining what moral dilemmas mean. C．By describing how self-driving cars work. D．By introducing the rules for self-driving cars. 2．What does Derek Leben think about the moral dilemma? A．It won’t happen in real life. B．It is easy to make a choice. C．There is no perfect answer. D．Drivers should protect themselves. 3．What is Paragraph 6 mainly about? A．Real-life examples of AV accidents in China. B．The best ways to deal with the moral dilemma. C．Rules of driving AVs in big cities like Seattle. D．Different situations of accidents caused by AVs. 4．What might be Ji Xuehong’s opinion in the last paragraph? A．AVs are hard to drive. B．We need better laws for AVs. C．AVs can cause a lot of trouble. D．There will be no need for drivers soon. 5 On February 12, 2025, the China Manned Space Agency announced the official names of the spacesuit and lunar rover (月球车) for China’s manned lunar exploration mission. They are named “Wangyu” (meaning “gazing at the universe”) and “Tansuo” (meaning “exploration”). The name “Wangyu” means “gazing at the universe and exploring the unknown.” It shows the Chinese astronauts’ mission to look into space and start new journeys on the moon. This name is connected to the “Feitian” spacesuit used for space station missions. It shows China’s plan to move from working in space to landing on the moon. The name also shows China’s peaceful use of space and its efforts to build a community with a shared future for humanity. The lunar rover is named “Tansuo,” which means “exploration.” This name shows the rover’s job to help Chinese people explore the mysteries of the moon. The rover can be folded and is made of different parts. It can carry two astronauts and move quickly over rough ground. It can also help with navigation, safety, communication, and carrying things. It will help astronauts do scientific research and tests on the moon. The names were chosen from more than 9,000 entries in a public competition. They are full of Chinese culture and modern spirit. From “Chang’e” and “Yutu” to “Tianwen” and “Zhurong,” and now “Wangyu” and “Tansuo,” the names of China’s spacecraft always connect traditional culture with modern technology. They show China’s spirit of exploration and innovation. Right now, the “Wangyu” spacesuit and the “Tansuo” lunar rover are in the early stages of development. China plans to send people to the moon before 2030. The mission will test key technologies like traveling between the Earth and the moon, staying on the moon for a short time, and working together with robots. The astronauts will do many tasks like landing, exploring, collecting samples, researching, and bringing things back to Earth. The names “Wangyu” and “Tansuo” mark a new step in China’s space exploration. They are not only the results of China’s space technology but also symbols of the Chinese people’s spirit of exploring the universe. 1．What does the name “Wangyu” symbolize? A．The rover’s ability to move quickly on the moon. B．The astronauts’ mission to explore space and the moon. C．The connection between traditional culture and modern technology. D．The competition to name the spacesuit and rover. 2．What can we know about the “Tansuo” lunar rover? A．It is designed to carry only one astronaut. B．It is mainly used for communication purposes. C．It cannot move over rough ground. D．It can help astronauts perform scientific tasks on the moon. 3．What does the article suggest about China’s space exploration? A．It focuses only on space station missions. B．It aims to compete with other countries for space dominance. C．It combines traditional culture with modern technology. D．It has no plans for manned lunar missions. 4．What can we know about the names “Wangyu” and “Tansuo”? A．They were chosen by a small group of scientists. B．They are unrelated to Chinese culture. C．They were named after ancient Chinese emperors. D．They reflect China’s peaceful use of space and spirit of exploration. 5．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To explain how spacesuits and lunar rovers are made. B．To describe the history of China's space exploration. C．To compare Chinese spacecraft with those of other countries. D．To introduce the names and meanings of China’s new spacesuit and lunar rover. 6 Many people like going on holiday. It’s a good chance to relax, visit new places and see new things. But while planning a trip, you have to decide whether you want to travel with family or friends, or just alone. Traveling with family can be very cheap or even free, if parents pay. However, there may be many arguments. One friend told me that both she and her sister were in tears after arguing on holiday. In my own family, Dad always wants to go to a museum. Mom would like to stay in the hotel. My sister likes to buy clothes. As for me, the coffee shop is a great place. Traveling with friends would be fun. When you are traveling with friends, you do more different things than you do with family. It is a way to strengthen a friendship. You can learn more about your friends. You can become closer to each other. But money always plays an important role if you go on holiday with your friends. It is normal for you to have different budgets (预算). Besides, there is also a lot of compromise (妥协) while you’re planning where to stay and what to eat. When it comes to choosing whom to travel with, there is another choice: Traveling alone. Traveling alone has advantages (优点) over traveling with other people. For example, you do not have to compromise on your budget. You can choose what you want to do, and it’s easier for you to make new friends. ▲ Sometimes you may feel lonely and bored. And, when you want to go to the toilet at the bus station or airport, there is nobody to look after your things. 1．What decision do you have to make while you are planning a trip? A．Where to stay. B．What to eat. C．How to go. D．Who to go with. 2．What does the writer’s sister usually like to do during her trip? A．Go shopping. B．Stay in the hotel. C．Visit the museum. D．Relax in the café. 3．What does the underlined word “strengthen” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Test. B．Improve. C．End. D．Study. 4．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．Children are too young to travel alone. B．Here are some tips for traveling alone. C．Of course, traveling alone is not always good. D．If you travel alone, you must look after yourself. 7 Earthquakes. Floods. Storms. It seems that every day we read about at least one of these somewhere in the world. But every year, somewhere another kind of disaster causes great harm to plants and people. It’s something much smaller and not so well-known as an earthquake or a food—it’s an insect called the locust. The locust usually does things alone—it lives on its own and eats on its own. But, sometimes, something changes the way nature works. When the number of locusts increases somewhere and there are lots of plants to eat, the locusts get together in swarms. Perhaps the most dangerous locust is the desert locust. It is found in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in about 60 countries altogether. When desert locusts swarm, they bring problems to one-tenth of all the humans in the world. The numbers are huge and scary. A swarm of desert locusts can be l, 200 km2 in size—imagine an area that is over 20 km wide and 50 km long, full of locusts! Each locust eats its own weight in plants every day—so a swarm of desert locusts can eat more than 150 million kilos of food in one day. They can also fly very long distances—in 1954 a swarm of locusts from northwest Australia few thousands of miles to Spain and finally landed in Great Britain! It’s no wonder that farmers in many countries of the world fear the desert locusts more than snakes and spiders. It’s the desert locust that brings hunger to people all over the world. 1．What does the underlined word “swarms” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．plants. B．groups. C．animals. D．problems. 2．Where can you find the most dangerous locusts? A．In Africa. B．In Spain. C．In Australia. D．In Great Britain. 3．What can we learn about the desert locusts? A．They usually do things together. B．They even feed on snakes and spiders. C．They are able to fly at a very high speed. D．They influence people all over the world. 4．How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By telling stories. C．By making comparison. D．By listing numbers. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．A Great Danger. B．The Crying Plants. C．A Flying Disaster. D．The Hungry Animals. 8 In a small village there was a postman. When he was twenty years old, he started sending all kinds of happy or sad stories to the villagers’ homes fifty kilometres away day after day. Twenty years flew by, and many changes took place, but there were still no trees along the road, only flying dust (尘土). “How long shall I go along this dusty road?” As soon as he thought he had to spend his life riding the bike on the road with no flowers or trees, he felt very sad. One day when he finished sending the letters and was ready to return, he passed by a flower shop. “Right, that’s it!” He walked into the shop, bought some wild flower seeds, and the next day he began to drop these seeds along the road. After one day, two days, one month, two months ... he always kept dropping the wild flower seeds. Before long, a lot of little flowers came out along the road, blooming (开花) in all seasons. For the villagers, the flowers and the sweet smell were more pleasant than any letters the postman sent in all his life. On the road without dust but full of petals (花瓣), the postman rode his bike happily. He never felt lonely or anxious any more. 1．How old was the postman when he started his job? A．Thirty years old. B．Twenty years old. C．Over forty years old. D．Over fifty years old. 2．What was the road like before? A．Covered with flowers. B．Covered with trees. C．Full of flying dust. D．Full of seeds. 3．What did the postman buy at the flower shop? A．Bikes. B．Wild flowers. C．Petals. D．Wild flower seeds. 4．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．The villagers showed no interest in the flowers. B．The postman enjoyed the road full of petals. C．The villagers helped buy the flower seeds. D．The postman still felt sad in the end. 5．What does the writer want to express in this passage? A．Little things make a big difference. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．Practice makes perfect. D．Old habits die hard. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$