Unit 5 Off to space（知识清单）英语新教材沪教版七年级上册

Unit 5 Off to space 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、宇航员及装备： 1. ___________ (航天服；宇航服) __________________________________________________________________（宇航员在月球行走前穿上了他的航天服。） 2. ___________ (拴；系) __________________________________________________________________（请把安全绳拴在梯子上，这样你就不会飘走了。） 3. ___________ (呼吸) __________________________________________________________________（如果不戴面罩，在飞船外是不可能呼吸的。） 4. ___________ (有……重；重) __________________________________________________________________（在地球上，这块石头可能重一千克，但在月球上它会轻得多。） 5. ___________ (千克；公斤) __________________________________________________________________（从火星采集的样本大约重五公斤。） 6. ___________ (设施；设备) __________________________________________________________________（空间站有一个种植蔬菜的专用设施。） 7. ___________ (着陆器) __________________________________________________________________（着陆器轻柔地降落在了行星表面。） 8. ___________ (放开；松开；使自由移动) __________________________________________________________________（飞行员将把探测器释放到大气层中以收集数据。） 二、探索与行动： 1. ___________ (收集；采集) __________________________________________________________________（这次任务的主要目标是从小行星上采集土壤样本。） 2.___________ (离开) __________________________________________________________________（我们将于明天一早离开地球开始旅程。） 3.___________ (沿某方向前进；向某方向移动) __________________________________________________________________（我们的飞船将近距离掠过木星，利用其引力加速。） 4. ___________ (实验；试验) __________________________________________________________________（科学家们正在进行一项实验，观察植物在零重力环境下如何生长。） 5. ___________ (使做好准备；把……预备好) __________________________________________________________________（为长期的太空任务做准备需要数年时间。） 6. ___________ (邮寄；发送) __________________________________________________________________（我们可以利用无线电波向地球发送信息。） 7. ___________ (景色；风景) __________________________________________________________________（从太空看蓝色地球的景色令人叹为观止。） 8. ___________ (经历；阅历) __________________________________________________________________（太空行走是一次难忘的经历。） 9. ___________ (计划；方案) __________________________________________________________________（政府去年启动了一项新的太空探索计划。） 三、距离与环境： 1.___________ (千米；公里) __________________________________________________________________（这颗卫星在距地面数百千米的高度绕地球运行。） 2. ___________ (虚弱的；无力的) __________________________________________________________________（在太空中待了几个月后，由于缺乏重力，他的肌肉变得虚弱无力。） 3. ___________ (低于通常数量的；低的) __________________________________________________________________（舱内的氧气水平降到了危险的低水平。） 4. ___________ (表面；表层) __________________________________________________________________（月球表面没有液态水。） 5. ___________ (宇宙) __________________________________________________________________（宇宙充满了我们尚未发现的奥秘。） 6. ___________ (岛) __________________________________________________________________（从高空俯瞰，城市灯光就像黑暗海洋中一座发光的岛屿。） 7. ___________ (环行) __________________________________________________________________（飞船在着陆前绕行星完整环行了一圈。） 8. ___________ (邻居) __________________________________________________________________（火星是我们在太阳系中的行星邻居。） 四、梦想与精神 1.___________ (冒险；奇遇) __________________________________________________________________（前往火星将是人类历史上最伟大的冒险。） 2. ___________ (梦想) __________________________________________________________________（在群星间飞翔一直是我的梦想。） 3. ___________ (机会；机遇) __________________________________________________________________（这次任务给了我们一个研究黑洞的独特机会。） 4. ___________ (决心；坚毅) __________________________________________________________________（凭着坚定的决心，团队克服了许多技术困难。） 5. ___________ (总有一天；有朝一日) __________________________________________________________________（总有一天，普通人也许能买到太空旅行的船票。） 6. ___________ (古老的；很老的) __________________________________________________________________（自古以来，人们就仰望星空并讲述关于它们的故事。） 7. ___________ (序言；引言) __________________________________________________________________（这本书的序言解释了为什么太空探索对我们的未来很重要。） 8. ___________ (诗) __________________________________________________________________（他写了一首关于银河系寂静之美的优美诗篇。） 9. ___________ (表示；表达) __________________________________________________________________（言语无法表达从轨道上看日出是多么奇妙的感觉。） 10. ___________ (世纪) __________________________________________________________________（在21世纪，太空旅游正成为现实。） 11. ___________ (已经；早已) __________________________________________________________________（机器人已经探索了人类尚未到达的火星部分区域。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. ______________________（锻炼；运动） __________________________________________________________________（宇航员必须每天锻炼以保持肌肉强壮。） 2. ______________________（拍照） __________________________________________________________________（飞行员用一台特殊的相机拍摄了那颗遥远行星的照片。） 3. ______________________（进入轨道） __________________________________________________________________（火箭将在几分钟后进入轨道。） 二、名词短语 1. ______________________（空间站） __________________________________________________________________（宇航员们已经在空间站生活了六个月。） 2. ______________________（数以千计；成千上万） __________________________________________________________________（天文学家在银河系中发现了数以千计的新恒星。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、询问太空旅行的看法和梦想： 1. What do you think of space travel? （你认为太空旅行怎么样？） 2. Do you want to be an astronaut in the future? （你将来想成为一名宇航员吗？） 3. What would you take if you go to the moon? （如果你去月球，你会带什么？） 二、描述太空生活和探索梦想： 1. I dream of traveling to Mars someday. （我梦想有一天能去火星旅行。） 2. It is exciting but difficult to live in space. （在太空生活既令人兴奋又很困难。） 3. Astronauts have to do exercise to stay healthy. （宇航员必须做运动来保持健康。） 4. I hope humans can live on other planets in the future. （我希望人类将来能生活在其他星球上。） 语法 一般将来时 写作 写关于梦想中的太空之旅的文章 一、知识点精讲 1. prepare v. 使做好准备，把……预备好 【短语】 ① prepare for... 为……作准备，相当于get ready for... Astronauts must prepare for the long journey to Mars. 宇航员必须为前往火星的漫长旅程做准备。 ② prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 The spaceship is preparing to get into orbit. 飞船正准备进入轨道。 ③ prepare sth. 准备某物 Scientists are preparing an experiment on the space station. 科学家们正在空间站上准备一项实验。 （2024-2026年考查3次）2. one of... 【短语】 ① one of + 可数名词复数 ……中的一个 Mars is one of the planets in the solar system. 火星是太阳系中的行星之一。 ② one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 最……的……之一 The moon is one of the closest neighbours to the Earth. 月球是离地球最近的邻居之一。 （2024-2026年考查2次）3. leave v. 离开 【短语】 ① leave + 地方 离开某地 The spaceship will leave the Earth tomorrow morning. 飞船将在明天早上离开地球。 ② leave for + 地方 前往某地 They are ready to leave for Mars next week. 他们准备好下周动身去火星了。 （2024-2026年考查3次）4. take 【短语】 ① take sb. to... 带某人到…… This spaceship can take us to the moon. 这艘宇宙飞船能带我们去月球。 ② it takes sb. some time to do sth. 某事花费某人一些时间 It takes astronauts a long time to travel to Mars. 宇航员去火星旅行需要花费很长时间。 【辨析】 take 物（或形式主语 it）作主语，花费时间做某事it takes (sb.) time to do sth. It takes 8 minutes for sunlight to reach the Earth. 阳光到达地球需要花费8分钟。 spend 人作主语，花费时间/金钱在某事上 sb. spends time/money on sth. / in doing sth.： Astronauts spend 2 hours every day doing exercise in the spaceship. 宇航员每天在飞船里花费2小时做运动。 pay 人作主语，为某物付款（侧重金钱） sb. pays money for sth. How much did you pay for the ticket to the space museum? 你买去太空博物馆的门票花了多少钱？ cost 物作主语，某物花费（某人）多少钱（侧重金钱） sth. costs (sb.) money The spaceship cost billions of dollars. 这艘宇宙飞船花费了数十亿美元。 （2024-2026年考查1次）5. tie v. 系，绑，拴 【短语】 ① tie... to... 把……绑在…… Please tie the heavy bag to the wall in the spaceship. 请把这个沉重的袋子系在飞船的墙上。 （2024-2026年考查3次）6. because of 【辨析】 because 连词，后面必须接完整的句子。 I stayed home because it rained. 因为下雨，我待在家里。 because of 介词短语，后面只能接名词、代词或动名词（V-ing），不能接完整句子。 I stayed home because of the rain. 因为这场雨，我待在家里。 （2024-2026年考查2次）7. have to 不得不 【短语】 ① have to do sth. 不得不做某事 We have to do exercise every day to stay strong. 我们每天必须做运动来保持强壮。 （2024-2026年考查3次）8. as ... as 【短语】 ① as + 形容词/副词原级 + as... 像……一样…… This new rocket is as fast as light. 这枚新火箭和光一样快。 ② as + many / much + 名词 + as sb. can 尽某人所能地多…… Please take as much water as you can. 请尽可能多地带上水。 Astronauts should take as many photos as they can on the moon. 宇航员们应该在月球上尽可能多地拍照。 二、核心语法精讲 一般将来时 定义 1. 表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态； 2. 表示将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态； 时间词 1. tomorrow (morning / afternoon / evening...), the day after tomorrow 2. next (Monday / week / month / year...) 3. in + 将来时的时间点：in 2036 4. in + 时间段：in ten years 5. in the future 6. soon, ... later 动词变化 will（shall) / be going to + 动词原形 句子 结构 will / shall 备注：shall用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称 We shall swim tomorrow. He will swim tomorrow. 肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形 She will swim tomorrow. 否定句：主语 + won’t + 动词原形 She won’t swim tomorrow. 一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + 动词原形? Will she swim tomorrow? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形? When will she swim? be going to 肯定句：主语 + be going to + 动词原形 She is going to swim. 否定句：主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 She isn’t going to swim. 一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? Is she going to swim? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? When is she going to swim? There be ① There will be + 名词 + 其他 ② There is / are going to be + 名词 + 其他 There will be a show tomorrow. There is going to be a show tomorrow. 特殊用法 1. 现在进行时表将来 表示位置移动的动词 The bus is coming. 2. 条件状语从句，主将从现 主句用一般将来时 If he comes, I will tell him. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 “梦想中的太空之旅”这个话题的核心是发挥想象力，描述一次梦想中的太空旅行。内容通常涵盖旅行的准备与交通方式（怎么去）、太空中的独特体验（失重、生活起居）、在空间站的活动（看地球、做实验）以及个人的感受。 在语言方面，主要使用一般将来时 (will / be going to) 来描述计划或预测，同时结合 have to 表达客观环境下的“必须”，以及使用 as...as 等结构来描绘太空的特殊状态（如重力小）。句式上，除了简单的陈述句外，建议多使用连接词（First, Next, After that）来让文章条理清晰。 2. 写作框架 整体写作采用“总—分—总”结构，清晰分层： 1）开头（总）：表达梦想，点明想要去太空旅行的愿望。 参考句型：I have always dreamed of travelling to space. / One day, I hope to fly into space with my family. 2）中间（分）：从“旅途过程”和“太空生活”两个角度具体展开，建议分 2 个层次： · 旅途与适应：描述乘坐飞船的过程，以及到达后需要适应的特殊环境（如失重）。 关键词： spaceship, orbit, less gravity, tie...to..., sleep. · 活动与体验：描述在空间站具体要做的事情（观景、实验、出舱）。 关键词： look at the Earth, do experiments, go on a spacewalk, amazing. 3）结尾（总）：总结全文，表达对这次旅行的期待或感受。 参考句型：It will be an amazing experience! / I really look forward to my dream trip. 3. 写作素材 1) 核心词汇 · 旅行与交通类： dream trip (梦想之旅), spaceship (宇宙飞船), fly out into space (飞向太空), get into orbit (进入轨道), space station (空间站). · 太空生活类： gravity (重力), sleeping bag (睡袋), tie...to the wall (系在墙上), wash hands/teeth (洗手/刷牙), spacesuit (宇航服). · 活动与感受类： look out of the window (向窗外看), view of the Earth (地球的景色), do experiments (做实验), spacewalk (太空行走), amazing (令人惊叹的). 2) 实用句型 · 表达愿望： I hope I can travel into space with my family one day. · 描述客观限制： There is much less gravity, so we will have to tie our sleeping bags to the wall. We will also have to wash our hands and brush our teeth in a different way. · 描述计划： First, my family and I will fly out into space on a spaceship. After that, I would like to do some experiments. Next, I'm going to put on a spacesuit and go on a spacewalk. · 表达感受： I really look forward to travelling into space someday—it will be an amazing experience! 4. 范文背诵 My Dream Trip to Space I have always dreamed of travelling to space. One day, I hope to fly into space with my family on a spaceship. When we get into orbit, we will visit a space station. Life there is very different. Because there is much less gravity, we have to tie our sleeping bags to the wall when we sleep. We also have to wash in a special way. In the station, I am going to look at the Earth from the window. It must be beautiful. I also want to do some experiments about plants. If possible, I will even go on a spacewalk! I really look forward to this amazing trip. It will be the best experience of my life! 易错点01 one of 【助记口诀】one of 后接复数，谓语动词用单数；范围之中选一个，名词复数别忘记。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心规则混淆单复数：在判断 one of 后接名词的单复数时，核心在于理解“......中的一个”这一概念。 · 具体结构：one of + the/形容词性物主代词 + 名词复数。表示“......中最......的一个”或“......中的一个”。 2. 主谓一致错误： 当 one of + 名词复数 作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，因为核心主语是 one（一个）。 【对点训练】 1. Beijing is _______ in China. A. one of the big city B. one of the biggest city C. one of the biggest cities D. one of biggest cities 2. One of my brothers _______ going to study abroad next year. A. are B. is C. am D. be 3. She is one of the _______ in our school. We all like her. A. popular teacher B. more popular teachers C. most popular teachers D. most popular teacher 一、根据所给提示填空 1. The spaceship travels at a speed (速度) of 8 ________ (千米) per second. 2. We should take every ________ (机会) to learn something new. 3. There is no man on the ________ (岛). 4. China has a long history and many ________ (古老的) buildings. 5. A space hotel has many ________ (设备) to make people live normally. 6. Please ________ (发送) me a message when you get home. 7. We did a science __________ (实验) in class today. 8. It is hard for him to ________ (表达) his feelings. 9. Amy likes writing and her ________ (梦想) is to be a writer. 10. The explorer told the boys about his ________ (冒险经历) in the Arctic. 二、单项选择 1. My brother ________ basketball tomorrow. A. is going to play B. plays C. are going to play D. play 2. Our biology field trip is on Friday. We will ________ the nature park at 8:00 a. m. and ________ school at 7:30 a.m. to get there on time. A. leave; leave for B. leave for; leave C. leave; leave D. leave for; leave for 3. Jim ________ have a picnic next Monday. A. is going to B. is C. going to D. is going to be 4. There ________ a talk about “true friendship” in our class this Thursday. A. is going to have B. are going to be C. will have D. will be 5. We are all ________ about the news that our country will launch a new spaceship. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitement 6. It will take us about three days ________ to the Moon by spaceship. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got 7. I’m going to take ________ photos as I can on the Moon. A. as many B. as much C. so many D. so much 8. My parents ________ me to visit the Great Wall during the coming holiday. A. take B. takes C. took D. will take 9. Charlie Chaplin became one of ________ actors of his day. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 10. Because of the low gravity, our bodies may get weak, ________ we have to do exercise every day. A. so B. because C. but D. or 三、句型转换 1. 我想尽可能多地拍照。 I want to take ________ ________ photos ________ I can. 2. 要进入太空，宇航员必须乘坐航天器进入轨道。 To travel into space, astronauts have to ________ ________ ________ with a spacecraft. 3. 每天锻炼锻炼，你很快会恢复健康的。 ________ ________ every day and you’ll be back in condition. 4. 数以千计的星星在天空闪烁。 ________ ________ stars shine in the sky. 5. 4月26日，神舟十八号航天员乘组入驻空间站。 On 26 April, the astronauts of Shenzhou-18 entered the ________ ________. 四、阅读理解 A (2024-2025·广东广州·月考） Gui Haichao is a university teacher, mainly teaching space at Beihang University. His dream of flying to space has now come true. On 30 May morning, the Shenzhou-16 went into space from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China. In 2018, China began to select the astronauts. Unlike past choices, this time, astronauts were chosen in three kinds: space pilots, space engineers, and payload specialists. Gui became the first payload specialist to enter space. During the Shenzhou-16 task, he would manage the payload for space science experiments. Gui grew up in a common family in Yunnan Province. His interest in space began at the age of 17 when he turned on the school radio and heard the news of Yang Liwei’s space travel in 2003. Over the past few years, Gui has been trained to use difficult equipment and do experiments in space. However, the training was a big problem for him. “I felt very sick after the space training,” he said. “So, I added more exercise. learnt from other astronauts. and tried some of the training methods used by pilots. Finally, my physical ability slowly improved.” As a sports lover, Gui found happiness in training activities. Because he had the habit of doing sports, he was able to keep up with this difficult training. His spirit of not being afraid of difficulties in realizing his dream made him successful. Although he wore glasses, he was able to become an astronaut. 1. What does the underlined word “select” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Train. B. Choose. C. Search. D. Exam. 2. In what role did Gui Haichao join the Shenzhou-16 task? A. The space pilot. B. The payload expert. C. The ground director. D. The space flight engineer. 3. What did Gui Haichao do to improve his physical ability? a. Master the usage of equipment.     b. Do more exercise c. Learn from other astronauts.     d. Practise the training methods of pilots A. abc B. abd C. acd D. bcd 4. Why could Gui Haichao be able to keep up with the difficult training? A. Because he found happiness in doing homework. B. Because he is not afraid of doing exercises. C. Because he had the habit of doing sports. D. Because he wore glasses. 5. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. How Gui studied the space area. B. How Gui did space scientific experiments. C. How Gui became a successful university teacher. D. How Gui achieved his dream of becoming an astronaut. B (2025-2026·广东深圳·期末） Shenzhou-20 Astronauts Returned Safely to Earth On the afternoon of November 14th, 2025, the three astronauts of the Shenzhou-20 spaceship — Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie — safely landed at the Dongfeng Landing Site. They returned aboard the Shenzhou-21 spaceship, successfully completing their 204-day mission in space. At first, the astronauts were scheduled to return earlier. However, they had to wait nine days longer because a piece of space debris (碎片) hit the spaceship and made a small crack (裂痕) in one of Shenzhou-20’s windows. China had prepared a good backup plan for such situations. Following the plan, the crew transferred to the Shenzhou-21 spaceship for their return journey. This was the first time in China’s space history that a different working spaceship was used to bring astronauts back to Earth. During the extra days in orbit, the Shenzhou-20 crew continued to work with the Shenzhou-21 astronauts, carrying out valuable scientific experiments together. Throughout their long mission, the Shenzhou-20 team completed many important tasks. They performed four spacewalks, moved cargo many times, and did a series of scientific experiments. One successful experiment involved heating a special metal called tungsten alloy (钨合金) to an extremely high temperature of 3100°C. This smooth and safe return shows the strength and trust of China’s space program. The well-prepared repair plan was carried out effectively. The ground team worked together to finish the mission perfectly, and the intelligent spacecraft responded well. After landing, all astronauts were in good health. The mission marks another great achievement for China in space exploration. 1. When did the Shenzhou-20 astronauts first plan to return to Earth? A. November 14th, 2025. B. 204 days ago. C. After nine extra days. D. November 5th, 2025. 2. What caused the late return of the Shenzhou-20 astronauts? A. Space debris caused some damage to Shenzhou-20. B. The weather conditions at the landing site were unsuitable. C. They needed more time to complete scientific experiments. D. The Shenzhou-21 spaceship required additional preparations. 3. How did the Shenzhou-20 crew solve the problem of the late return? A. They repaired the cracked window during a spacewalk. B. They moved to the Shenzhou-21 for the return journey. C. They made their mission shorter and returned at once. D. They waited in orbit until the window was replaced. 4. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A. Introduction→Problem→Solution→Achievements→Result B. Problem→Introduction→Solution→Achievements→Result C. Introduction→Solution→Problem→Achievements→Result D. Achievements→Introduction→Problem→Solution→Result 5. Where is this passage most likely from? A. A poster. B. A dictionary. C. A news report. D. An advertisement. 五、完形填空 (2024-2025·广东深圳·期末） Not many little girls grow up to be rocket engineers. Even fewer have a 1 to go into space. But Wang Haoze did both. As a student, Wang worked hard at school and did well in almost everything. In 2008, she studied at Southeast University. There, she 2 to shine, not only as the best student but also as a good runner. As a top student, Wang could 3 new research (研究) areas. It could be exciting but it wasn’t always 4 . Wang once complained (抱怨) about the difficulties. Her teacher, Gu Fan, gave her some 5 : Always do your best, even when you don’t enjoy it. If you don’t, when you finally find something you love, you might not know how to give your best. Wang kept these words in mind. She kept breaking into unknown spaces. Later, she found her 6 for space science. She began working as a rocket engine designer. Wang learned a lot and 7 solving problems. In just a few months, she designed a great new product 8 . In May 2018, China began training its third generation of astronauts. Wang jumped at the chance and joined in the tests. Thanks to her 9 body and mind, she stood out from 2,500 people. During her training, she faced one difficulty after another, but she never thought of giving up (放弃). On October 30, Wang flew into space aboard the Shenzhou-19 spaceship. Now, in her “new space” — the Tiangong space station — she 10 all the unknowns and difficulties! 1. A. question B. chance C. holiday D. reason 2. A. decided B. began C. continued D. wanted 3. A. explore B. describe C. leave D. protect 4. A. good B. busy C. easy D. popular 5. A. articles B. skills C. money D. advice 6. A. love B. time C. respect D. memory 7. A. stopped B. enjoyed C. minded D. remembered 8. A. confidently B. luckily C. carefully D. successfully 9. A. soft B. natural C. strong D. young 10. A. gets ready for B. looks out for C. runs away from D. comes along with 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Off to space 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、宇航员及装备： 1. spacesuit (航天服；宇航服) The astronaut put on his spacesuit before walking on the moon.（宇航员在月球行走前穿上了他的航天服。） 2. _tie (拴；系) Please tie the safety rope to the ladder so you don't float away.（请把安全绳拴在梯子上，这样你就不会飘走了。） 3. breathe (呼吸) It is impossible to breathe outside the spaceship without a mask.（如果不戴面罩，在飞船外是不可能呼吸的。） 4. weigh (有……重；重) On Earth, this rock might weigh one kilogram, but on the moon, it is much lighter.（在地球上，这块石头可能重一千克，但在月球上它会轻得多。） 5. kilogram (千克；公斤) The sample collected from Mars weighs about five kilograms.（从火星采集的样本大约重五公斤。） 6. facility (设施；设备) The space station has a special facility for growing vegetables.（空间站有一个种植蔬菜的专用设施。） 7.lander (着陆器) The lander touched down softly on the surface of the planet.（着陆器轻柔地降落在了行星表面） 8. release (放开；松开；使自由移动。) The pilot will release the probe into the atmosphere to collect data.（飞行员将把探测器释放到大气层中以收集数据。） 二、探索与行动： 1. collect (收集；采集) The main goal of the mission is to collect soil samples from the asteroid.（这次任务的主要目标是从小行星上采集土壤样本。） 2.leave (离开) _We will leave Earth early tomorrow morning to start our journey.（我们将于明天一早离开地球开始旅程。） 3.pass (沿某方向前进；向某方向移动) Our ship will pass close to Jupiter to use its gravity for speed.（我们的飞船将近距离掠过木星，利用其引力加速。） 4. experiment (实验；试验) Scientists are conducting an experiment to see how plants grow in zero gravity.（科学家们正在进行一项实验，观察植物在零重力环境下如何生长。） 5. _prepare (使做好准备；把……预备好) It takes years to prepare for a long-term space mission.（为长期的太空任务做准备需要数年时间。） 6. send (邮寄；发送) We can send messages back to Earth using radio waves.（我们可以利用无线电波向地球发送信息。） 7. view (景色；风景) The view of the blue Earth from space is breathtaking.（从太空看蓝色地球的景色令人叹为观止。） 8. experience (经历；阅历) Walking in space was an unforgettable experience.（太空行走是一次难忘的经历。） 9. programme (计划；方案) The government launched a new space exploration programme last year.（政府去年启动了一项新的太空探索计划。） 三、距离与环境： 1.kilometre (千米；公里) The satellite orbits the Earth at a height of several hundred kilometres.（这颗卫星在距地面数百千米的高度绕地球运行。） 2. weak (虚弱的；无力的) After months in space, his muscles became weak due to lack of gravity.（在太空中待了几个月后，由于缺乏重力，他的肌肉变得虚弱无力。） 3. low (低于通常数量的；低的) The oxygen level in the cabin dropped to a dangerously low level.（舱内的氧气水平降到了危险的低水平。） 4.surface (表面；表层) There is no liquid water on the surface of the Moon.（月球表面没有液态水。） 5. universe(宇宙) _The universe is full of mysteries that we have not yet discovered.（宇宙充满了我们尚未发现的奥秘。） 6. island (岛) From high above, the city lights looked like a glowing island in the dark ocean.（从高空俯瞰，城市灯光就像黑暗海洋中一座发光的岛屿。） 7. _circle (环行) The spacecraft made a complete circle around the planet before landing.（飞船在着陆前绕行星完整环行了一圈。） 8. neighbour (邻居) Mars is our planetary neighbour in the solar system.（火星是我们在太阳系中的行星邻居。） 四、梦想与精神 1.adventure (冒险；奇遇) Traveling to Mars will be the greatest adventure in human history.（前往火星将是人类历史上最伟大的冒险。） 2. dream (梦想) It has always been my dream to fly among the stars.（在群星间飞翔一直是我的梦想。） 3. chance (机会；机遇) This mission gives us a unique chance to study black holes.（这次任务给了我们一个研究黑洞的独特机会。） 4. determination (决心；坚毅) With strong determination, the team overcame many technical difficulties.（凭着坚定的决心，团队克服了许多技术困难。） 5. someday (总有一天；有朝一日) _Someday, ordinary people might be able to buy tickets for space travel.（总有一天，普通人也许能买到太空旅行的船票。） 6. ancient (古老的；很老的) People have looked at the stars and told stories about them since ancient times.（自古以来，人们就仰望星空并讲述关于它们的故事。） 7. introduction (序言；引言) The book’s introduction explains why space exploration is important for our future.（这本书的序言解释了为什么太空探索对我们的未来很重要。） 8. poem (诗) He wrote a beautiful poem about the silence of the galaxy.（他写了一首关于银河系寂静之美的优美诗篇。） 9. express (表示；表达) Words cannot express how amazing it feels to see the sunrise from orbit.（言语无法表达从轨道上看日出是多么奇妙的感觉。） 10. century (世纪) In the 21st century, space tourism is becoming a reality.（在21世纪，太空旅游正成为现实。） 11. already (已经；早已) Robots have already explored parts of Mars that humans cannot reach yet.（机器人已经探索了人类尚未到达的火星部分区域。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. do exercise（锻炼；运动） Astronauts must do exercise every day to keep their muscles strong.（宇航员必须每天锻炼以保持肌肉强壮。） 2. take photos（拍照） The pilot used a special camera to take photos of the distant planet.（飞行员用一台特殊的相机拍摄了那颗遥远行星的照片。） 3. get into orbit（进入轨道） The rocket will get into orbit in just a few minutes.（火箭将在几分钟后进入轨道。） 二、名词短语 1. space station（空间站） The astronauts have lived on the space station for six months.（宇航员们已经在空间站生活了六个月。） 2. thousands of（数以千计；成千上万） Astronomers have discovered thousands of new stars in the galaxy.（天文学家在银河系中发现了数以千计的新恒星。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、询问太空旅行的看法和梦想： 1. What do you think of space travel? （你认为太空旅行怎么样？） 2. Do you want to be an astronaut in the future? （你将来想成为一名宇航员吗？） 3. What would you take if you go to the moon? （如果你去月球，你会带什么？） 二、描述太空生活和探索梦想： 1. I dream of traveling to Mars someday. （我梦想有一天能去火星旅行。） 2. It is exciting but difficult to live in space. （在太空生活既令人兴奋又很困难。） 3. Astronauts have to do exercise to stay healthy. （宇航员必须做运动来保持健康。） 4. I hope humans can live on other planets in the future. （我希望人类将来能生活在其他星球上。） 语法 一般将来时 写作 写关于梦想中的太空之旅的文章 一、知识点精讲 1. prepare v. 使做好准备，把……预备好 【短语】 ① prepare for... 为……作准备，相当于get ready for... Astronauts must prepare for the long journey to Mars. 宇航员必须为前往火星的漫长旅程做准备。 ② prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 The spaceship is preparing to get into orbit. 飞船正准备进入轨道。 ③ prepare sth. 准备某物 Scientists are preparing an experiment on the space station. 科学家们正在空间站上准备一项实验。 （2024-2026年考查3次）2. one of... 【短语】 ① one of + 可数名词复数 ……中的一个 Mars is one of the planets in the solar system. 火星是太阳系中的行星之一。 ② one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 最……的……之一 The moon is one of the closest neighbours to the Earth. 月球是离地球最近的邻居之一。 （2024-2026年考查2次）3. leave v. 离开 【短语】 ① leave + 地方 离开某地 The spaceship will leave the Earth tomorrow morning. 飞船将在明天早上离开地球。 ② leave for + 地方 前往某地 They are ready to leave for Mars next week. 他们准备好下周动身去火星了。 （2024-2026年考查3次）4. take 【短语】 ① take sb. to... 带某人到…… This spaceship can take us to the moon. 这艘宇宙飞船能带我们去月球。 ② it takes sb. some time to do sth. 某事花费某人一些时间 It takes astronauts a long time to travel to Mars. 宇航员去火星旅行需要花费很长时间。 【辨析】 take 物（或形式主语 it）作主语，花费时间做某事it takes (sb.) time to do sth. It takes 8 minutes for sunlight to reach the Earth. 阳光到达地球需要花费8分钟。 spend 人作主语，花费时间/金钱在某事上 sb. spends time/money on sth. / in doing sth.： Astronauts spend 2 hours every day doing exercise in the spaceship. 宇航员每天在飞船里花费2小时做运动。 pay 人作主语，为某物付款（侧重金钱） sb. pays money for sth. How much did you pay for the ticket to the space museum? 你买去太空博物馆的门票花了多少钱？ cost 物作主语，某物花费（某人）多少钱（侧重金钱） sth. costs (sb.) money The spaceship cost billions of dollars. 这艘宇宙飞船花费了数十亿美元。 （2024-2026年考查1次）5. tie v. 系，绑，拴 【短语】 ① tie... to... 把……绑在…… Please tie the heavy bag to the wall in the spaceship. 请把这个沉重的袋子系在飞船的墙上。 （2024-2026年考查3次）6. because of 【辨析】 because 连词，后面必须接完整的句子。 I stayed home because it rained. 因为下雨，我待在家里。 because of 介词短语，后面只能接名词、代词或动名词（V-ing），不能接完整句子。 I stayed home because of the rain. 因为这场雨，我待在家里。 （2024-2026年考查2次）7. have to 不得不 【短语】 ① have to do sth. 不得不做某事 We have to do exercise every day to stay strong. 我们每天必须做运动来保持强壮。 （2024-2026年考查3次）8. as ... as 【短语】 ① as + 形容词/副词原级 + as... 像……一样…… This new rocket is as fast as light. 这枚新火箭和光一样快。 ② as + many / much + 名词 + as sb. can 尽某人所能地多…… Please take as much water as you can. 请尽可能多地带上水。 Astronauts should take as many photos as they can on the moon. 宇航员们应该在月球上尽可能多地拍照。 二、核心语法精讲 一般将来时 定义 1. 表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态； 2. 表示将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态； 时间词 1. tomorrow (morning / afternoon / evening...), the day after tomorrow 2. next (Monday / week / month / year...) 3. in + 将来时的时间点：in 2036 4. in + 时间段：in ten years 5. in the future 6. soon, ... later 动词变化 will（shall) / be going to + 动词原形 句子 结构 will / shall 备注：shall用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称 We shall swim tomorrow. He will swim tomorrow. 肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形 She will swim tomorrow. 否定句：主语 + won’t + 动词原形 She won’t swim tomorrow. 一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + 动词原形? Will she swim tomorrow? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形? When will she swim? be going to 肯定句：主语 + be going to + 动词原形 She is going to swim. 否定句：主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 She isn’t going to swim. 一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? Is she going to swim? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? When is she going to swim? There be ① There will be + 名词 + 其他 ② There is / are going to be + 名词 + 其他 There will be a show tomorrow. There is going to be a show tomorrow. 特殊用法 1. 现在进行时表将来 表示位置移动的动词 The bus is coming. 2. 条件状语从句，主将从现 主句用一般将来时 If he comes, I will tell him. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 “梦想中的太空之旅”这个话题的核心是发挥想象力，描述一次梦想中的太空旅行。内容通常涵盖旅行的准备与交通方式（怎么去）、太空中的独特体验（失重、生活起居）、在空间站的活动（看地球、做实验）以及个人的感受。 在语言方面，主要使用一般将来时 (will / be going to) 来描述计划或预测，同时结合 have to 表达客观环境下的“必须”，以及使用 as...as 等结构来描绘太空的特殊状态（如重力小）。句式上，除了简单的陈述句外，建议多使用连接词（First, Next, After that）来让文章条理清晰。 2. 写作框架 整体写作采用“总—分—总”结构，清晰分层： 1）开头（总）：表达梦想，点明想要去太空旅行的愿望。 参考句型：I have always dreamed of travelling to space. / One day, I hope to fly into space with my family. 2）中间（分）：从“旅途过程”和“太空生活”两个角度具体展开，建议分 2 个层次： · 旅途与适应：描述乘坐飞船的过程，以及到达后需要适应的特殊环境（如失重）。 关键词： spaceship, orbit, less gravity, tie...to..., sleep. · 活动与体验：描述在空间站具体要做的事情（观景、实验、出舱）。 关键词： look at the Earth, do experiments, go on a spacewalk, amazing. 3）结尾（总）：总结全文，表达对这次旅行的期待或感受。 参考句型：It will be an amazing experience! / I really look forward to my dream trip. 3. 写作素材 1) 核心词汇 · 旅行与交通类： dream trip (梦想之旅), spaceship (宇宙飞船), fly out into space (飞向太空), get into orbit (进入轨道), space station (空间站). · 太空生活类： gravity (重力), sleeping bag (睡袋), tie...to the wall (系在墙上), wash hands/teeth (洗手/刷牙), spacesuit (宇航服). · 活动与感受类： look out of the window (向窗外看), view of the Earth (地球的景色), do experiments (做实验), spacewalk (太空行走), amazing (令人惊叹的). 2) 实用句型 · 表达愿望： I hope I can travel into space with my family one day. · 描述客观限制： There is much less gravity, so we will have to tie our sleeping bags to the wall. We will also have to wash our hands and brush our teeth in a different way. · 描述计划： First, my family and I will fly out into space on a spaceship. After that, I would like to do some experiments. Next, I'm going to put on a spacesuit and go on a spacewalk. · 表达感受： I really look forward to travelling into space someday—it will be an amazing experience! 4. 范文背诵 My Dream Trip to Space I have always dreamed of travelling to space. One day, I hope to fly into space with my family on a spaceship. When we get into orbit, we will visit a space station. Life there is very different. Because there is much less gravity, we have to tie our sleeping bags to the wall when we sleep. We also have to wash in a special way. In the station, I am going to look at the Earth from the window. It must be beautiful. I also want to do some experiments about plants. If possible, I will even go on a spacewalk! I really look forward to this amazing trip. It will be the best experience of my life! 易错点01 one of 【助记口诀】one of 后接复数，谓语动词用单数；范围之中选一个，名词复数别忘记。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心规则混淆单复数：在判断 one of 后接名词的单复数时，核心在于理解“......中的一个”这一概念。 · 具体结构：one of + the/形容词性物主代词 + 名词复数。表示“......中最......的一个”或“......中的一个”。 2. 主谓一致错误： 当 one of + 名词复数 作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，因为核心主语是 one（一个）。 【对点训练】 1. Beijing is _______ in China. A. one of the big city B. one of the biggest city C. one of the biggest cities D. one of biggest cities 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：北京是中国最大的城市之一。 考查 one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数 结构，表示“最……之一”。A项 city 为单数；B项 city 为单数；D项最高级前缺 the。故选 C。 2. One of my brothers _______ going to study abroad next year. A. are B. is C. am D. be 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：我的一个兄弟明年打算出国留学。 考查主谓一致。One of + 复数名词 作主语时，中心词是 One，谓语动词用单数。故选 B。 3. She is one of the _______ in our school. We all like her. A. popular teacher B. more popular teachers C. most popular teachers D. most popular teacher 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。我们都喜欢她。 考查 one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数。popular 的最高级是 most popular，且 teacher 需用复数 teachers。故选 C。 一、根据所给提示填空 1. The spaceship travels at a speed (速度) of 8 ________ (千米) per second. 【答案】kilometres/kilometers 【解析】句意：这个宇宙飞船以每秒8千米的速度飞行。根据汉语提示，kilometre/kilometer“千米”，空格前为大于1的数字，名词需用复数形式，应填kilometres/kilometers。 2. We should take every ________ (机会) to learn something new. 【答案】chance 【解析】句意：我们应该抓住每一个机会去学习新知识。结合汉语提示及“every…”可知，此处应用可数名词chance的单数形式作宾语，“take every chance to do sth.”表示“抓住一切机会做某事”。故填chance。 3. There is no man on the ________ (岛). 【答案】island 【解析】句意：这个岛上没有人。根据“There is no man on the...(岛).”及汉语提示可知，the后接名词，“岛”对应的英文是island。故填island。 4. China has a long history and many ________ (古老的) buildings. 【答案】ancient 【解析】句意：中国历史悠久，拥有许多古老的建筑。根据中文提示“古老的”可知，此处应填其对应的英文形容词“ancient”。故填ancient。 5. A space hotel has many ________ (设备) to make people live normally. 【答案】facilities 【解析】句意：太空旅馆有很多设施让人们正常生活。根据中文提示，facility“设备”符合语境，many接可数名词复数。故填facilities。 6. Please ________ (发送) me a message when you get home. 【答案】send 【解析】句意：当你到家时，请给我发一条消息。根据中文提示“发送”可知，此处需填写其对应的英文动词“send”，在祈使句中用动词原形。故填send。 7. We did a science __________ (实验) in class today. 【答案】experiment 【解析】句意：我们今天在课上做了一个科学实验。空格位于不定冠词“a”之后，需填入可数名词的单数形式作宾语；experiment意为“实验”。故填experiment。 8. It is hard for him to ________ (表达) his feelings. 【答案】express 【解析】句意：对他来说，表达自己的感受很难。根据汉语提示可知，express“表达”，“It is hard for sb. to do sth.”结构中，to后接动词原形，故填express。 9. Amy likes writing and her ________ (梦想) is to be a writer. 【答案】dream 【解析】句意：埃米喜欢写作，她的梦想是成为一名作家。句中形容词性物主代词her后接名词作主语；be动词is为单数形式，“梦想”对应的名词是dream，故填dream。 10. The explorer told the boys about his ________ (冒险经历) in the Arctic. 【答案】adventures 【解析】句意：探险家告诉男孩们他在北极的冒险经历。adventure表示“冒险经历”，可数名词，应用复数表示泛指。故填adventures。 二、单项选择 1. My brother ________ basketball tomorrow. A. is going to play B. plays C. are going to play D. play 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我哥哥明天打算打篮球。 根据时间状语“tomorrow”可知，句子时态为一般将来时，常用结构为“be going to + 动词原形”；主语“My brother”是第三人称单数，be动词应用 is。 2. Our biology field trip is on Friday. We will ________ the nature park at 8:00 a. m. and ________ school at 7:30 a.m. to get there on time. A. leave; leave for B. leave for; leave C. leave; leave D. leave for; leave for 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们的生物实地考察在周五。我们将在早上8点动身前往自然公园，并且在早上7点半离开学校，以便准时到达那里。 leave for动身前往某地，leave离开某地。will后面接动词原形，所以第一空表达“动身去自然公园”用leave for；第二空表达“离开学校”用leave。故选B。 3. Jim ________ have a picnic next Monday. A. is going to B. is C. going to D. is going to be 【答案】A 【解析】句意：吉姆下周一打算去野餐。 根据时间状语“next Monday”可知句子时态为一般将来时，结构为“be going to+动词原形”。主语Jim是第三人称单数，be动词用is。空格后是动词原形have，应填is going to。 4. There ________ a talk about “true friendship” in our class this Thursday. A. is going to have B. are going to be C. will have D. will be 【答案】D 【解析】句意：本周四我们班将有一场关于“真正友谊”的讲座。 根据“There...”可知，此处考查There be句型的一般将来时，结构为“There will be”或“There is/are going to be”。主语“a talk”是单数，且表示将来某个时间存在某物，应用will be。 5. We are all ________ about the news that our country will launch a new spaceship. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitement 【答案】A 【解析】句意：关于我们国家将发射新飞船的消息，我们都很兴奋。 excited感到兴奋的；exciting令人兴奋的；excite使兴奋；excitement兴奋。主语“We”是人，形容人的感受应用excited，在句中作“are”的表语。 6. It will take us about three days ________ to the Moon by spaceship. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got 【答案】B 【解析】句意：乘宇宙飞船到达月球将花费我们大约三天的时间。 get到达（动词原形）；to get到达（动词不定式）；getting到达（动名词）；got到达（过去式）。根据固定句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”可知，it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。故选to get。 7. I’m going to take ________ photos as I can on the Moon. A. as many B. as much C. so many D. so much 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我打算在月球上拍尽可能多的照片。 as many和……一样多的（修饰可数名词复数）；as much和……一样多的（修饰不可数名词）；so many那么多的（修饰可数名词复数）；so much那么多的（修饰不可数名词）。“photos”是可数名词复数，需用many修饰，固定搭配as+形容词/副词+as I can表示“尽可能……”，应选用as many。 8. My parents ________ me to visit the Great Wall during the coming holiday. A. take B. takes C. took D. will take 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我父母将在即将到来的假期带我去参观长城。 考查动词时态辨析。take带；takes带，第三人称单数形式,；took带，过去式；will take带，将来时。根据“during the coming holiday”可知，事情发生在将来，应该用一般将来时。故选D。 9. Charlie Chaplin became one of ________ actors of his day. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 【答案】D 【解析】句意：查理·卓别林成为他那个时代最受欢迎的演员之一。 根据固定句型“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”可知，此处应用最高级，且最高级前需加定冠词the。应填the most popular。 10. Because of the low gravity, our bodies may get weak, ________ we have to do exercise every day. A. so B. because C. but D. or 【答案】A 【解析】句意：由于低重力，我们的身体可能会变得虚弱，所以我们每天都不得不进行锻炼。 so所以；because因为；but但是；or或者；否则。根据前半句“Because of the low gravity, our bodies may get weak”可知这是原因，后半句“we have to do exercise every day”是由此产生的结果，前后构成因果关系，需用表示结果的连词so。 三、句型转换 1. 我想尽可能多地拍照。 I want to take ________ ________ photos ________ I can. 【答案】 as many as 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，photos“照片”，可数名词复数形式，因此应用as many as“尽可能多地”。故填as；many；as。 2. 要进入太空，宇航员必须乘坐航天器进入轨道。 To travel into space, astronauts have to ________ ________ ________ with a spacecraft. 【答案】get into orbit 【解析】根据所给句意可知，空白处表示“进入轨道”，get into“进入”，have to do sth.“不得不做某事”，轨道“orbit”。故填get；into；orbit。 3. 每天锻炼锻炼，你很快会恢复健康的。 ________ ________ every day and you’ll be back in condition. 【答案】Do exercise 【解析】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“锻炼”；do exercise“锻炼”，固定词组，此句为祈使句，以动词原形开头，句首首字母大写。故填Do；exercise。 4. 数以千计的星星在天空闪烁。 ________ ________ stars shine in the sky. 【答案】 Thousands of 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，英文句子缺少“数以千计的”，英文表达是thousands of，句首首字母t要大写。故填Thousands；of。 5. 4月26日，神舟十八号航天员乘组入驻空间站。 On 26 April, the astronauts of Shenzhou-18 entered the ________ ________. 【答案】space station 【解析】space station“空间站”，名词作宾语，故填space；station。 四、阅读理解 A (2024-2025·广东广州·月考） Gui Haichao is a university teacher, mainly teaching space at Beihang University. His dream of flying to space has now come true. On 30 May morning, the Shenzhou-16 went into space from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China. In 2018, China began to select the astronauts. Unlike past choices, this time, astronauts were chosen in three kinds: space pilots, space engineers, and payload specialists. Gui became the first payload specialist to enter space. During the Shenzhou-16 task, he would manage the payload for space science experiments. Gui grew up in a common family in Yunnan Province. His interest in space began at the age of 17 when he turned on the school radio and heard the news of Yang Liwei’s space travel in 2003. Over the past few years, Gui has been trained to use difficult equipment and do experiments in space. However, the training was a big problem for him. “I felt very sick after the space training,” he said. “So, I added more exercise. learnt from other astronauts. and tried some of the training methods used by pilots. Finally, my physical ability slowly improved.” As a sports lover, Gui found happiness in training activities. Because he had the habit of doing sports, he was able to keep up with this difficult training. His spirit of not being afraid of difficulties in realizing his dream made him successful. Although he wore glasses, he was able to become an astronaut. 1. What does the underlined word “select” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Train. B. Choose. C. Search. D. Exam. 2. In what role did Gui Haichao join the Shenzhou-16 task? A. The space pilot. B. The payload expert. C. The ground director. D. The space flight engineer. 3. What did Gui Haichao do to improve his physical ability? a. Master the usage of equipment.     b. Do more exercise c. Learn from other astronauts.     d. Practise the training methods of pilots A. abc B. abd C. acd D. bcd 4. Why could Gui Haichao be able to keep up with the difficult training? A. Because he found happiness in doing homework. B. Because he is not afraid of doing exercises. C. Because he had the habit of doing sports. D. Because he wore glasses. 5. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. How Gui studied the space area. B. How Gui did space scientific experiments. C. How Gui became a successful university teacher. D. How Gui achieved his dream of becoming an astronaut. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. D 【导语】本文主要讲述了北京航空航天大学教授桂海潮如何克服身体训练的困难，最终成为中国首位载荷专家并成功执行神舟十六号任务，实现飞天梦想的故事。 【解析】1. 第三段提到：“In 2018, China began to select the astronauts... astronauts were chosen in three kinds...”，后文紧接着说“chosen”（被选择），因此“select”意为“选择”（Choose）。 2. 第三段明确指出：“Gui became the first payload specialist to enter space.”，桂海潮是第一位进入太空的有效载荷专家（payload specialist），与选项B中的payload expert意思一致。 3. 第五段中桂海潮提到为了提高身体素质所做的努力：“So, I added more exercise. learnt from other astronauts. and tried some of the training methods used by pilots.”。对应选项中的：b. Do more exercise（增加锻炼）；c. Learn from other astronauts（向其他航天员学习）；d. Practise the training methods of pilots（尝试飞行员使用的训练方法）。a项“Master the usage of equipment”是他训练的内容之一，但不是他为了提高身体素质而特别采取的额外措施，文中明确列出的改善体能的措施是b、c、d。 4. 第六段明确指出：“Because he had the habit of doing sports, he was able to keep up with this difficult training.”，说明他能跟上高强度训练是因为他有做运动的习惯。 5. 全文围绕桂海潮从产生太空梦想到克服困难、接受训练并最终进入太空的过程展开，因此主旨是“桂海潮如何实现成为宇航员的梦想”。 B (2025-2026·广东深圳·期末） Shenzhou-20 Astronauts Returned Safely to Earth On the afternoon of November 14th, 2025, the three astronauts of the Shenzhou-20 spaceship — Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie — safely landed at the Dongfeng Landing Site. They returned aboard the Shenzhou-21 spaceship, successfully completing their 204-day mission in space. At first, the astronauts were scheduled to return earlier. However, they had to wait nine days longer because a piece of space debris (碎片) hit the spaceship and made a small crack (裂痕) in one of Shenzhou-20’s windows. China had prepared a good backup plan for such situations. Following the plan, the crew transferred to the Shenzhou-21 spaceship for their return journey. This was the first time in China’s space history that a different working spaceship was used to bring astronauts back to Earth. During the extra days in orbit, the Shenzhou-20 crew continued to work with the Shenzhou-21 astronauts, carrying out valuable scientific experiments together. Throughout their long mission, the Shenzhou-20 team completed many important tasks. They performed four spacewalks, moved cargo many times, and did a series of scientific experiments. One successful experiment involved heating a special metal called tungsten alloy (钨合金) to an extremely high temperature of 3100°C. This smooth and safe return shows the strength and trust of China’s space program. The well-prepared repair plan was carried out effectively. The ground team worked together to finish the mission perfectly, and the intelligent spacecraft responded well. After landing, all astronauts were in good health. The mission marks another great achievement for China in space exploration. 1. When did the Shenzhou-20 astronauts first plan to return to Earth? A. November 14th, 2025. B. 204 days ago. C. After nine extra days. D. November 5th, 2025. 2. What caused the late return of the Shenzhou-20 astronauts? A. Space debris caused some damage to Shenzhou-20. B. The weather conditions at the landing site were unsuitable. C. They needed more time to complete scientific experiments. D. The Shenzhou-21 spaceship required additional preparations. 3. How did the Shenzhou-20 crew solve the problem of the late return? A. They repaired the cracked window during a spacewalk. B. They moved to the Shenzhou-21 for the return journey. C. They made their mission shorter and returned at once. D. They waited in orbit until the window was replaced. 4. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A. Introduction→Problem→Solution→Achievements→Result B. Problem→Introduction→Solution→Achievements→Result C. Introduction→Solution→Problem→Achievements→Result D. Achievements→Introduction→Problem→Solution→Result 5. Where is this passage most likely from? A. A poster. B. A dictionary. C. A news report. D. An advertisement. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 【导语】本文介绍神舟二十号航天员完成任务平安返回，讲述返航推迟原因、应对方案及此次任务的成果与意义。 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据“On the afternoon of November 14th, 2025, the three astronauts of the Shenzhou-20 spaceship — Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie — safely landed at the Dongfeng Landing Site.”和“they had to wait nine days longer”可知，实际返航日推迟九天，计算得出原计划为2025年11月5日，故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据“However, they had to wait nine days longer because a piece of space debris (碎片) hit the spaceship and made a small crack (裂痕) in one of Shenzhou-20’s windows.”可知，太空碎片撞击飞船造成损坏，导致返航推迟，故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Following the plan, the crew transferred to the Shenzhou-21 spaceship for their return journey.”可知，航天员换乘神舟二十一号飞船返航，故选B。 4. 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章先介绍返航事件，再说明遇到的问题，接着给出解决方案，陈述任务成果，最后说明此次任务结果，结构为Introduction→Problem→Solution→Achievements→Result，故选A。 5. 推理判断题。根据文章以新闻式口吻报道航天事件、时间、人物、经过、结果完整清晰可知，本文最可能来自新闻报道，故选C。 五、完形填空 (2024-2025·广东深圳·期末） Not many little girls grow up to be rocket engineers. Even fewer have a 1 to go into space. But Wang Haoze did both. As a student, Wang worked hard at school and did well in almost everything. In 2008, she studied at Southeast University. There, she 2 to shine, not only as the best student but also as a good runner. As a top student, Wang could 3 new research (研究) areas. It could be exciting but it wasn’t always 4 . Wang once complained (抱怨) about the difficulties. Her teacher, Gu Fan, gave her some 5 : Always do your best, even when you don’t enjoy it. If you don’t, when you finally find something you love, you might not know how to give your best. Wang kept these words in mind. She kept breaking into unknown spaces. Later, she found her 6 for space science. She began working as a rocket engine designer. Wang learned a lot and 7 solving problems. In just a few months, she designed a great new product 8 . In May 2018, China began training its third generation of astronauts. Wang jumped at the chance and joined in the tests. Thanks to her 9 body and mind, she stood out from 2,500 people. During her training, she faced one difficulty after another, but she never thought of giving up (放弃). On October 30, Wang flew into space aboard the Shenzhou-19 spaceship. Now, in her “new space” — the Tiangong space station — she 10 all the unknowns and difficulties! 1. A. question B. chance C. holiday D. reason 2. A. decided B. began C. continued D. wanted 3. A. explore B. describe C. leave D. protect 4. A. good B. busy C. easy D. popular 5. A. articles B. skills C. money D. advice 6. A. love B. time C. respect D. memory 7. A. stopped B. enjoyed C. minded D. remembered 8. A. confidently B. luckily C. carefully D. successfully 9. A. soft B. natural C. strong D. young 10. A. gets ready for B. looks out for C. runs away from D. comes along with 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 【导语】本文主要讲述了王浩泽的故事。她努力学习，不仅在学校表现优异，在太空领域也表现得很优秀。 【解析】1. 句意：甚至更少的人有机会进入太空。 question问题；chance机会；holiday假期；reason原因。根据前文“ Not many little girls grow up to be rocket engineers. ”可知，此处是表达有更少的人有机会进入太空。故选B。 2. 句意：在那里，不仅作为一名优秀学生而且作为一名优秀的跑步者，她继续发光。 decided决定；began开始；continued继续；wanted想要。根据前文“As a student, Wang worked hard at school and did well in almost everything.”可知，她很优秀。所以此处应该是表达她继续发光。故选C。 3. 句意：作为一个尖子生，王可以探索新的研究领域。 explore探索；describe描述；leave离开；protect保护。根据“As a top student, Wang could…new research (研究) areas.”可知，此处是表达作为一个尖子生，王可以探索新的研究领域。故选A。 4. 句意：它可能令人兴奋，但并不总是容易的。 good好的；busy忙的；easy容易的；popular受欢迎的。根据“It could be exciting but it wasn’t always …”可知，此处是表达它可能令人兴奋，但并不总是容易的。故选C。 5. 句意：她的老师古凡给了她一些建议。 articles文章；skills技能；money钱；advice建议。根据后文“Always do your best, even when you don’t enjoy it.”可知，此处是表达她的老师给了她一些建议。故选D。 6. 句意：后来，她发现了自己对太空科学的热爱。 love爱；time时间；respect尊重；memory记忆。根据后文“She began working as a rocket engine designer.”可知，此处是表达她发现了自己对太空科学的热爱。故选A。 7. 句意：王学到了很多，并且喜欢解决问题。 stopped停止；enjoyed喜欢；minded介意；remembered记得。根据“Wang learned a lot and … solving problems.”可知，此处是表达喜欢解决问题。故选B。 8. 句意：在短短几个月，她成功地设计了一个伟大的新产品。 confidently自信地；luckily幸运地；carefully小心地；successfully成功地。根据“In just a few months, she designed a great new product …”可知，此处是表达成功地设计了一个伟大的新产品。故选D。 9. 句意：多亏了她强壮的身体和头脑，她从2500人中脱颖而出。 soft软的；natural自然的；strong强壮的；young年轻的。根据“Thanks to her … body and mind, she stood out from 2,500 people.”可知，此处是表达强壮的身体和头脑。故选C。 10. 句意：现在，在她的“新空间”——天宫空间站——她为所有的未知事物和困难做好了准备! gets ready for准备好；looks out for留心；runs away from逃跑；comes along with一起来。根据“she … all the unknowns and difficulties!”可知，此处是表达为所有的未知事物和困难做好了准备。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $