考点清单02 非谓语动词(动词不定式作定语和结果状语+分词作定语，状语和宾语补足语)【精讲精练】-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲（译林版2020）

专题02非谓语动词 (动词不定式作定语和结果状语+分词作定语，状语和宾语补足语) · 思维导图： · 概述： 　非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。它们的基本形式的变化如下: 基本形式的变化(以do为例) 形式 一般时 进行时 完成时 动词不定式 to do/ to be done to be doing to have done/to have been done 动词-ing形式 doing/being done - having done/ having been done 动词-ed形式 done - - 　　非谓语动词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表。 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed形式 - - √ √ √ √ · 知识点1：不定式 1. 不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 You ought to take this chance to achieve your dream.你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。 The issue to be discussed at the meeting is of great importance.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 (2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 I had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his classmate. 我没有钢笔写字，不得不从同学那儿借了一支。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 2. 不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 Tom hurried to the bus station only to find that the train had left. 汤姆匆忙到车站，结果却发现他的火车已经离开了。 He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem.他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。 I’m too tired to stay up any longer. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。 · 知识点2：分词 1. 分词(V-ing/ V-ed)作定语 (1)及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动) We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行) The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成) (2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表完成) (3) 动名词作定语 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车 2. 分词(V-ing/ V-ed) 作状语 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。 (1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。 Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ＝When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order. 当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。 (2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。 ①Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.＝Because he didn’t understand this problem，he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。 ②Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.＝Because he was defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。 (3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.＝If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem. 如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。 (4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。 More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。 (5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.＝One evening Harry phoned me，and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。 (6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.＝Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。 温馨提示　某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。 Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。 3. 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到…… given... 考虑到…… compared to/with... 与……相比 Generally speaking，the rule is very easy to understand.一般来说，这条规则很容易懂。 Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。 4. 独立主格结构 (1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 (2)特点： ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在； ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。 He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。 作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例： see＋宾语＋ I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。 As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. 当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 从非洲医疗服务两年回来后，李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。 [温馨提示]“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。 (2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ①make＋宾语＋ The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。 ②let＋宾语＋ Don’t let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。 Let the work be done immediately.立刻把工作做完。 ③have＋宾语＋ He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 My car broke down on my way to work and I will have it repaired tomorrow.我的车在上班的路上坏了，明天要找人修一下。 温馨提示　(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job.他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。 (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。 ④get＋宾语＋ She got her bike running very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快。 I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。 3. 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。 The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。 5. “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构 (1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。 (2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 With his hair cut，he looked much younger. 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。 因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。 · 方法点拨 方法1：分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词. 首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。 e.g. He was the first person ________(arrive) at the airport yesterday afternoon. person前有序数词the first修饰，所以其后应用不定式作后置定语。person和arrive之间是主谓关系，所以应用不定式的主动形式。故填to arrive。 方法2：找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系. 非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语; 如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。 但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。 e.g. She was the first girl in our school  ________(admit) to Tsinghua University. 名词girl由序数词first修饰，其后应用不定式作后置定语，且admit与she构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be admitted。 方法3：判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序; to have done，having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；to be doing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。 e.g. The children walked on the way home, ________(sing) loudly. 分析句子可知，空处为伴随状语，逻辑主语children与sing构成逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词。故填singing。 【真题演练】 1.(2024•北京高考)Taking the time ________(rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 2.(2024•浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 3.(2024•新高考Ⅱ卷)________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, 4.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  5.(2023•北京高考) She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world ________(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 6.(2023•全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, ________(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 7.(2023∙全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________(intend) for everyone. 基础训练 1.(2025高一下·江苏镇江·阶段练习)The police hurried to the spot, only ________(tell) the damaged car had been taken away. 2.(2025高一下·安徽·开学考试)She ran all the way up to the station, only ________(find) that the train had left fifteen minutes before. 3.(2025高一下·安徽·开学考试)There will be many tasks for them ________(complete) next month. 4.(2025高一下·福建三明·阶段练习)The website ________(belong) to this company is popular with young men. 5.(2025高一下·广东佛山·开学考试)The government designed and built the green way system ________(aim) at offering convenience and benefits to people and improving the city’s ecological environment. 6.(2025高一上·广东揭阳·期末)When I was in Xi’an, I went to visit an ancient temple ________(date) back to the Han Dynasty. 7.(2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)Despite the cold outside, family members chat excitedly with merry laughter ________(ring) throughout the house. 8.(2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)With the basketball match ________(approach), the students are more and more excited day by day. 9.(2025高一上·福建莆田·期末)________ ________(live) with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. 10.(2025高一下·湖南娄底·阶段练习)The Carnival current carried us through the ever-growing sea of people, ________(dance) all the way. 11.(2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习)Tianjin Binhai New Area, ________(locate) in the eastern port area of Tianjin, will play a more important role in opening up. 12.(2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)The dancers ________(dress) up in fancy costumes impressed the audience with their excellent performance. 13.(2025高一下·江苏常州·阶段练习)After a big heavenly disaster, Ne zha and his friend Ao Bing almost had their bodies ________(destroy). 14.(2025高一下·山东济宁·阶段练习)With his homework ________(finish), he went out to play football. 15.(2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习)Although ________(offer) the vaccine for free, some people cannot receive it for physical reasons. 16.(2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)________(devote) to the education cause, she spent little time with herd families and friends. 17.(2025高一下·广东汕头·阶段练习)________(surround) by many students, Professor Li stood there. 18.(2025高一下·广东茂名·阶段练习)________(surround) by rows of trees, our library stands out from all the other buildings. 19.(2025高一上·湖南衡阳·期末)________(addict) to playing his mobile phone, he ignored my existence. 20.(2025高一上·广东惠州·期末)________(strike) by the hurricane, the area had a power cut, but quickly it was back to normal. 21.(2025高一上·福建泉州·期末)With his mind ________(focus) on the engaging novel, the boy ran into a tree on the sidewalk. 22.(2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)There are ________(tear) papers everywhere on the ground. 23.(2025高一下·江苏常州·阶段练习)The ________(bite) area on his hand swelled up like a rapidly inflating balloon, turning an alarming shade of red. 24.(2025高一下·江苏常州·阶段练习)They feasted their eyes on the green Christmas tree ________(decorate) with appealing gifts and twinkling lights. 25.(2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)The ancient vase ________(bite) by a curious cat, was found broken into pieces on the floor. 26.(2025高一下·江苏镇江·阶段练习)The museum, ________(locate) in the city center, attracts many visitors interested in natural history. 27.(2025高一上·福建三明·阶段练习)She heard the wind ________(whistle) through the trees and felt a little frightened. 28.(2025高一上·广东汕头·期末)The stone steps, ________(date) back to 1855, actually began to wear. 29.(2025高一上·江苏南通·期末)The TV series, ________(star) several well-known actors, received high praise from viewers. 30.(2025高一上·江苏无锡·期末)Advertisements ________(feature) talented athletes tend to get more attention online. 提升训练 Ⅰ.单句写作 1. 当踏入音乐世界时，有很多东西需要探索。(There’s so much to+动词原形+ when) ________________________________________________________________ 2. 他兴奋地打开门，却发现屋内空无一物。(only to do…) ________________________________________________________________ 3. 有一些学生正在操场上踢足球。(分词做定语) ________________________________________________________________ 4. 我听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。 ________________________________________________________________ 5. 面对冲突，我们应该保持冷静，说话前先思考，因为充满怒火，我们往往会口不择言。(分词作状语，whatever引导名词性从句)。 ________________________________________________________________ 6. 刚才提到的那个男人是我妹妹曾经工作过的公司的老板。(过去分词作后置定语) ________________________________________________________________ 7. 当他从医院醒来, 他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。(find+宾语+宾补) ________________________________________________________________ 8. 和其他同学相比，来自贵州的李玲更擅长唱歌和跳舞。(compare with) ________________________________________________________________ 9. 50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。(find+宾语+宾补) ________________________________________________________________ 10. 敬业学子都有机会参与这些旨在提升跨文化沟通能力的活动。 (access) ________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ.句型转换 1. I hurried to the post office and only found it closed.(句型转换) →I hurried to the post office, ________________ it closed. 2. The rules of the game are so simple. They make the game easy to play.(用不定式改写) ________________________________________________________________ 3. We are looking for an apartment that we can live in.(句型转换) We are looking for an apartment ________________. 4. The house belongs to his parents. He lives in the house.(句型转换) →He lives in the house ________________. 5. As is known to us all, China is a country which belongs to the developing country.(句型转换) →As we all know, China is a country ________________________________________________. 6. Judy was happy to see her puppies. They were well taken care of by her friend.(用动词的过去分词合成句子) ________________________________________________________________ 7. From that day on, he put down his hoe and waited by the stump for a second hare to turn up, but no luck.(用现在分词升级句) ________________________________________________________________ 8. 30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They hold the belief that space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money.(用非谓语动词升级句) ________________________________________________________________ 9. He was born in 1911 in Shanghai. He was regarded as the father of China’s space program.(用过去分词短语作定语合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 10. The meeting that will be held next Monday aims to deal with the problem that is related to teenagers’ mental health.(句型转换) →The meeting ________________ next Monday aims to deal with the problem ________________ teenagers’ mental health. 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02非谓语动词 (动词不定式作定语和结果状语+分词作定语，状语和宾语补足语) · 思维导图： · 概述： 　非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。它们的基本形式的变化如下: 基本形式的变化(以do为例) 形式 一般时 进行时 完成时 动词不定式 to do/ to be done to be doing to have done/to have been done 动词-ing形式 doing/being done - having done/ having been done 动词-ed形式 done - - 　　非谓语动词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表。 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed形式 - - √ √ √ √ · 知识点1：不定式 1. 不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 You ought to take this chance to achieve your dream.你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。 The issue to be discussed at the meeting is of great importance.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 (2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 I had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his classmate. 我没有钢笔写字，不得不从同学那儿借了一支。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 2. 不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 Tom hurried to the bus station only to find that the train had left. 汤姆匆忙到车站，结果却发现他的火车已经离开了。 He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem.他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。 I’m too tired to stay up any longer. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。 · 知识点2：分词 1. 分词(V-ing/ V-ed)作定语 (1)及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动) We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行) The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成) (2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表完成) (3) 动名词作定语 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车 2. 分词(V-ing/ V-ed) 作状语 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。 (1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。 Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ＝When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order. 当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。 (2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。 ①Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.＝Because he didn’t understand this problem，he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。 ②Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.＝Because he was defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。 (3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.＝If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem. 如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。 (4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。 More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。 (5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.＝One evening Harry phoned me，and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。 (6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.＝Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。 温馨提示　某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。 Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。 3. 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到…… given... 考虑到…… compared to/with... 与……相比 Generally speaking，the rule is very easy to understand.一般来说，这条规则很容易懂。 Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。 4. 独立主格结构 (1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 (2)特点： ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在； ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。 He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。 作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例： see＋宾语＋ I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。 As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. 当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 从非洲医疗服务两年回来后，李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。 [温馨提示]“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。 (2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ①make＋宾语＋ The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。 ②let＋宾语＋ Don’t let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。 Let the work be done immediately.立刻把工作做完。 ③have＋宾语＋ He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 My car broke down on my way to work and I will have it repaired tomorrow.我的车在上班的路上坏了，明天要找人修一下。 温馨提示　(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job.他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。 (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。 ④get＋宾语＋ She got her bike running very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快。 I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。 3. 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。 The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。 5. “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构 (1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。 (2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 With his hair cut，he looked much younger. 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。 因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。 · 方法点拨 方法1：分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词. 首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。 e.g. He was the first person ________(arrive) at the airport yesterday afternoon. person前有序数词the first修饰，所以其后应用不定式作后置定语。person和arrive之间是主谓关系，所以应用不定式的主动形式。故填to arrive。 方法2：找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系. 非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语; 如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。 但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。 e.g. She was the first girl in our school  ________(admit) to Tsinghua University. 名词girl由序数词first修饰，其后应用不定式作后置定语，且admit与she构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be admitted。 方法3：判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序; to have done，having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；to be doing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。 e.g. The children walked on the way home, ________(sing) loudly. 分析句子可知，空处为伴随状语，逻辑主语children与sing构成逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词。故填singing。 【真题演练】 1.(2024•北京高考)Taking the time ________(rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 答案：to rest 解析：考查非谓语动词。固定搭配take(the) time to do sth. 意为“花时间做某事”,此处应用动词不定式。故填 to rest。 2.(2024•浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 答案：designed。 解析：考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 3.(2024•新高考Ⅱ卷)________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, 答案：Recalling 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语,Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系,应用其动词-ing形式作状语。位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Recalling。 4.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  答案：inspired 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,修饰名词pavilion,表示“被《牡丹亭》启发”,应用过去分词形式表示被动。过去分词短语“inspired by The Peony Pavilion”作“a six-meter-tall pavilion”的后置定语。故填inspired。 5.(2023•北京高考) She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world ________(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 答案：facing 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 6.(2023•全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, ________(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 答案：borrowing 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 7.(2023∙全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________(intend) for everyone. 答案：intended 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 基础训练 1.(2025高一下·江苏镇江·阶段练习)The police hurried to the spot, only ________(tell) the damaged car had been taken away. 【答案】to be told 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：警察匆忙赶到现场，结果却被告知那辆受损的汽车已经被开走了。句子的谓语动词为hurried，空处为非谓语动词，根据空后“the damaged car had been taken away”可知，“only ________ (tell)”在句中作结果状语，且表示意料之外的结果，应用only to do表示一个出乎意料或令人失望的结果。又因为tell与句子主语The police之间是被动关系，所以要用动词不定式的被动形式to be done，故空处需用to be told表明警察匆忙赶到现场后意外得知的情况。故填to be told。 2.(2025高一下·安徽·开学考试)She ran all the way up to the station, only ________(find) that the train had left fifteen minutes before. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她一路跑到车站，却发现火车早在十五分钟前就开走了。此处是固定搭配：only to do意为“不料(却)……；结果(却)……”，不定式作结果状语。故填to find。 3.(2025高一下·安徽·开学考试)There will be many tasks for them ________(complete) next month. 【答案】to complete 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月他们将有许多任务要完成。空处修饰tasks，表示将要做的事情，complete与tasks构成动宾关系，此处用不定式作后置定语。故填to complete。 4.(2025高一下·福建三明·阶段练习)The website ________(belong) to this company is popular with young men. 【答案】belonging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：属于这家公司的网站在年轻人中很受欢迎。句中已有谓语动词“is”，因此空格处需要填入非谓语动词形式。belong to 与The website 为主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填 belonging。 5.(2025高一下·广东佛山·开学考试)The government designed and built the green way system ________(aim) at offering convenience and benefits to people and improving the city’s ecological environment. 【答案】aimed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政府设计并建造了绿色通道系统旨在为人们提供便利和福利，并改善城市的生态环境。句中已有谓语动词designed and built，空处应填非谓语动词形式，修饰the green way system，aim与the green way system是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词aimed作后置定语。故填aimed。 6.(2025高一上·广东揭阳·期末)When I was in Xi’an, I went to visit an ancient temple ________(date) back to the Han Dynasty. 【答案】dating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我在西安的时候，我去参观了一座可以追溯到汉代的古庙。“(date) back to the Han Dynasty”作后置定语，动词短语date back to(追溯到)没有被动语态和进行时态，在句中通常用现在分词作后置定语。故填dating。 7.(2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)Despite the cold outside, family members chat excitedly with merry laughter ________(ring) throughout the house. 【答案】ringing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管外面很冷，家人还是兴奋地聊天，欢快的笑声响彻整个房子。此处用了with的复合结构，空处作宾语补足语，ring“回响”和merry laughter逻辑上是主动关系，且ring的行为和谓语行为一同发生，因此用ring的现在分词形式。故填ringing。 8.(2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)With the basketball match ________(approach), the students are more and more excited day by day. 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：随着篮球比赛的临近，学生们一天比一天更兴奋。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，approach与宾语the basketball match之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式作宾补。故填approaching。 9.(2025高一上·福建莆田·期末)________ ________(live) with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. 【答案】Having lived 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：和那个女孩住了5年，我们都很了解她。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词live与句子的主语we之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词作状语；再由时间状语for 5 years可知，状语动作发生在主句之前，空格处应该用现在分词的完成式。故填Having；lived。 10.(2025高一下·湖南娄底·阶段练习)The Carnival current carried us through the ever-growing sea of people, ________(dance) all the way. 【答案】dancing 【详解】考查非谓语动动词。句意：狂欢节的人潮带着我们穿过不断扩张的人海，一路上跳舞不停。空处为非谓语动词，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语，故填dancing。 11.(2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习)Tianjin Binhai New Area, ________(locate) in the eastern port area of Tianjin, will play a more important role in opening up. 【答案】located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：位于天津东部港区的天津滨海新区将在对外开放中发挥更重要的作用。空处为定语，be located in含义为“位于……”，此处省略be，用过去分词形式作定语。故填located。 12.(2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)The dancers ________(dress) up in fancy costumes impressed the audience with their excellent performance. 【答案】dressed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：穿着华丽服装的舞者用他们出色的表演给观众留下了深刻的印象。be dressed up in “穿着盛装”为固定短语，本句为过去分词作后置定语，填过去分词dressed。故填dressed。 13.(2025高一下·江苏常州·阶段练习)After a big heavenly disaster, Ne zha and his friend Ao Bing almost had their bodies ________(destroy). 【答案】destroyed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一场天灾之后，哪吒和他的朋友敖丙几乎被毁了。have sth. done是固定短语，意为“使某物被……”，因此空格处用过去分词destroyed，表被动，作宾语补足语，故填destroyed。 14.(2025高一下·山东济宁·阶段练习)With his homework ________(finish), he went out to play football. 【答案】finished 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作业做完后，他出去踢足球了。此处是“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构，finish和homework之间是被动关系，即作业是被完成的，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填finished。 15.(2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习)Although ________(offer) the vaccine for free, some people cannot receive it for physical reasons. 【答案】offered 【详解】考查状语从句的省略、非谓语动词。句意：虽然提供免费疫苗，但有些人因为身体原因不能接种。设空处是让步状语从句的省略，主语the vaccine与动词offer之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，相当于although the vaccine was offered for free. .. 。所以此处为过去分词作状语，故填offered。 16.(2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)________(devote) to the education cause, she spent little time with herd families and friends. 【答案】Devoted 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：致力于教育事业，她几乎没有时间与家人和朋友在一起。此处为非谓语动词作状语，devote与逻辑主语she之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Devoted。 17.(2025高一下·广东汕头·阶段练习)________(surround) by many students, Professor Li stood there. 【答案】Surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：李教授站在那里，周围都是学生。surround和逻辑主语Professor Li之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作状语。首字母应大写，故填Surrounded。 18.(2025高一下·广东茂名·阶段练习)________(surround) by rows of trees, our library stands out from all the other buildings. 【答案】Surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的图书馆被一排排的树环绕着，在所有其他建筑物中显得格外突出。空处需要非谓语动词作状语。该动词和其逻辑主语our library之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。该词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Surrounded。 19.(2025高一上·湖南衡阳·期末)________(addict) to playing his mobile phone, he ignored my existence. 【答案】Addicted 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：沉迷于玩手机，他忽视了我的存在。be addicted to沉迷于，为固定短语。本句为过去分词作状语。首字母大写。故填 Addicted。 20.(2025高一上·广东惠州·期末)________(strike) by the hurricane, the area had a power cut, but quickly it was back to normal. 【答案】Struck/Stricken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被飓风袭击后，该地区停电了，但很快恢复了正常。句中had为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处the area与strike之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Struck/Stricken。 21.(2025高一上·福建泉州·期末)With his mind ________(focus) on the engaging novel, the boy ran into a tree on the sidewalk. 【答案】focused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于他的心思全神贯注在这本引人入胜的小说上，男孩在人行道上撞到了一棵树。本句为with的复合结构，mind与focus为被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填 focused。 22.(2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)There are ________(tear) papers everywhere on the ground. 【答案】torn 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地上到处都是撕碎的纸。设空处应填非谓语动词作定语，逻辑主语papers和动词tear之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动、完成。故填torn。 23.(2025高一下·江苏常州·阶段练习)The ________(bite) area on his hand swelled up like a rapidly inflating balloon, turning an alarming shade of red. 【答案】bitten 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他手上被咬的地方肿了起来，就像一个迅速膨胀的气球，变成了一种可怕的红色。area与 bite之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语，故填bitten 。 24.(2025高一下·江苏常州·阶段练习)They feasted their eyes on the green Christmas tree ________(decorate) with appealing gifts and twinkling lights. 【答案】decorated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们在装饰着诱人的礼物和闪烁的彩灯的绿色圣诞树上大饱眼福。此处为短语be decorated with表示“装饰着”，此处过去分词作定语修饰tree。故填decorated。 25.(2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)The ancient vase ________(bite) by a curious cat, was found broken into pieces on the floor. 【答案】bitten 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那只古花瓶被一只好奇的猫咬了一口，被人发现时摔成了碎片，扔在地板上。句中谓语是was found，空格处用非谓语动词，主语The ancient vase和bite是逻辑被动关系，再结合by可知，空格处用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填bitten。 26.(2025高一下·江苏镇江·阶段练习)The museum, ________(locate) in the city center, attracts many visitors interested in natural history. 【答案】located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座博物馆位于市中心，吸引了许多对自然史感兴趣的游客。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词 attracts，所以此处应用非谓语动词形式。locate与museum之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填 located。 27.(2025高一上·福建三明·阶段练习)She heard the wind ________(whistle) through the trees and felt a little frightened. 【答案】whistling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她听到风呼啸着穿过树林，感到有点害怕。hear sb. doing sth.是固定短语，意为“听见某人正在做某事”，因此空格处用现在分词whistling，表主动和进行，故填whistling。 28.(2025高一上·广东汕头·期末)The stone steps, ________(date) back to 1855, actually began to wear. 【答案】dating 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：这些石阶，追溯到1855年，实际上已经开始磨损。此处为非谓语动词作定语，date back to意为 “追溯到”与所修饰的词The stone steps之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填dating。 29.(2025高一上·江苏南通·期末)The TV series, ________(star) several well-known actors, received high praise from viewers. 【答案】starring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电视剧由几位知名演员主演，受到了观众的高度赞扬。句中已有谓语动词received，所以用非谓语动词形式。The TV series 与 star (由……主演)之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式 作后置定语。故填starring。 30.(2025高一上·江苏无锡·期末)Advertisements ________(feature) talented athletes tend to get more attention online. 【答案】featuring 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：有天赋的运动员的广告往往在网上得到更多的关注。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰主语advertisements，feature意为“以……为主要内容/特色”，与advertisements之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填featuring。 提升训练 Ⅰ.单句写作 1. 当踏入音乐世界时，有很多东西需要探索。(There’s so much to+动词原形+ when) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There’s so much to explore when stepping into the music world. 【详解】考查there be句型和状语从句省略。根据中文提示和要求可知，表示“当踏入音乐世界时，有很多东西需要探索”应用There’s so much to explore when stepping into the music world，其中There’s so much to explore：是一个常见的“There be + 名词 + to do”结构，表示“有很多…… 要去做”。其中，so much表示“很多”，指代要探索的事物，to explore 为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰so much；when stepping into the world of music，是一个时间状语从句的省略形式。完整的句子应该是when you are stepping into the world of music，当主从句主语一致，且从句谓语动词含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，所以这里省略了you are，step into表示“踏入，进入”，the world of music 即“音乐世界”。故翻译为There’s so much to explore when stepping into the music world. 2. 他兴奋地打开门，却发现屋内空无一物。(only to do…) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He opened the door excitedly, only to find there was nothing inside. 【详解】考查动词不定式。根据句意，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，表示“他”为he作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“打开门”为open the door作谓语，用于一般过去时，所以谓语动词为opened，表示“兴奋地”为excitedly作状语修饰谓语动词，所以，表示“他兴奋地打开门”可译为He opened the door excitedly；表示“却发现屋内空无一物”为意料之外的事情，所以此处可使用“only to do sth.”结构，表示“发现”为find，表示“屋内空无一物”为there be结构作find的宾语，使用宾语从句，表示“空无一物”为nothing 作主语，所以be动词为was，表示“屋内”可译为inside，从句中不缺句子成分，且句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that引导宾语从句，且that可以省略，所以不定式短语可译为only to find there was nothing inside。故翻译为He opened the door excitedly, only to find there was nothing inside. 3. 有一些学生正在操场上踢足球。(分词做定语) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There are some students playing football on the playground. 【详解】考查there be句型和分词作定语。表示“有”用there be句型，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为“一些学生”用some students，be动词用are。表示“在操场上踢足球”用play football on the playground，现在分词作后置定语修饰students。故翻译为There are some students playing football on the playground. 4. 我听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。 ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I heard her singing in the next room. 【详解】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。句中主语“我”的英文为I，谓语动词“听”为hear，宾语“她”为人称代词的宾格形式her，与sing之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示正在发生的事情。hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事(强调动作正在进行)。“在隔壁房间”in the next room为地点状语。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故翻译为I heard her singing in the next room. 5. 面对冲突，我们应该保持冷静，说话前先思考，因为充满怒火，我们往往会口不择言。(分词作状语，whatever引导名词性从句)。 ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Facing conflicts, we should remain calm, thinking before we speak, as when filled with anger, we tend to say whatever comes to mind. 【详解】考查非谓语动词、宾语从句、状语从句。句子表示通常的情况，时态为一般现在时。表示“我们”用we，作主语；表示“应该保持”用should remain ，作谓语；表示“冷静的”用形容词calm，作表语。表示“面对冲突”用face conflicts，本句谓语为should remain，此处为非谓语动词，且逻辑主语we与face“面对”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“说话前先思考”用think before we speak，用现在分词，作伴随状语。表示“因为充满怒火，我们往往会口不择言”用as“因为”引导的原因状语从句，从句中：表示“当我们充满愤怒时”用when引导的时间状语从句when we are filled with anger；表示“我们趋向于说”用we tend to say，主语与when引导从句主语一致，且从句中含be动词are，可省略we are，优化为when filled with anger，“口不择言”可表达为“说任何出现在脑海中的话”，用whatever“无论什么”引导宾语从句whatever comes to mind，作say的宾语，其中whatever在从句中作主语。故翻译为：Facing conflicts, we should remain calm, thinking before we speak, as when filled with anger, we tend to say whatever comes to mind. 6. 刚才提到的那个男人是我妹妹曾经工作过的公司的老板。(过去分词作后置定语) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The man referred to just now is the boss of the company where my sister once worked. 【详解】考查词汇，句子结构及非谓语动词。该句主干表示“那个男人是老板”，这是一个主系表结构，叙述现状应使用一般现在时，可表达为The man is the boss;表示“刚才提到的”在句中作定语修饰the man，与所修饰名词为被动关系，可使用过去分词短语referred to just now作后置定语；boss的定语部分，表示“我妹妹曾经工作过的公司的”可使用介词短语of the company 作boss的后置定语，使用where引导定语从句where my sister once worked.修饰company，是曾经工作过的地方，从句时态使用一般过去时态。故翻译为The man referred to just now is the boss of the company where my sister once worked. 7. 当他从医院醒来, 他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。(find+宾语+宾补) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses. 【详解】考查时间状语从句、时态和非谓语动词。“当他从医院醒来”是时间状语从句，用从属连词when引导，主语“他”用人称代词he，谓语“醒来”用动词短语wake up，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，“从医院”是地点状语，译为介词短语in the hospital；“他发现自己被医生和护士包围着”是主句，“发现”用动词find，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，宾语“自己”用反身代词himself，“包围”用动词surround，与其逻辑主语himself之间是被动关系，用过去分词surrounded表被动，“被医生和护士”用介词短语by doctors and nurses引出施动者。综上，全句译为When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses. 8. 和其他同学相比，来自贵州的李玲更擅长唱歌和跳舞。(compare with) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Compared with other classmates, Li Ling from Guizhou is better at singing and dancing. 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句子应该是介绍当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时；“和……相比”可用固定短语compared with，作状语，with的宾语“其他同学”可用名词短语other classmates，主语“来自贵州的李玲”可用名词短语Li Ling from Guizhou，“更擅长做某事”可用形容词短语be good at doing的比较级形式be better at doing，be动词应用is，“唱歌”可用动词sing，“跳舞”可用动词dance，“和”用并列连词and。故可译为：Compared with other classmates, Li Ling from Guizhou is better at singing and dancing. 9. 50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。(find+宾语+宾补) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. 【详解】考查短语、过去分词作宾补、一般过去时和with的复合结构。根据句意，本句的时态为一般过去时。根据句式：find+宾语+宾补，表示“发觉自己失业了，困在家里”用found herself out of work and stuck at home；表示“只有电脑陪伴”用with的复合结构with only her computer to keep her company；故翻译为：At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. 10. 敬业学子都有机会参与这些旨在提升跨文化沟通能力的活动。 (access) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Students in Jingye Middle School all have access to these activities aimed at improving cross-cultural communication skills. 【详解】考查短语、非谓语动词和时态。“敬业学子”翻译为Students in Jingye Middle School，在句中作主语；“有机会接触”用短语have access to；“这些活动”翻译为these activities；“旨在”用短语be aimed at，在句中作定语，修饰名词these activities，所以用过去分词形式；“提升跨文化沟通能力”翻译为improve cross-cultural communication skills；陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故翻译为Students in Jingye Middle School all have access to these activities aimed at improving cross-cultural communication skills. Ⅱ.句型转换 1. I hurried to the post office and only found it closed.(句型转换) →I hurried to the post office, ________________ it closed. 【答案】only to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我急忙到邮局，结果发现它关闭了。only found it closed可以转化为非谓语动词作状语，即only to do，表示出乎意料的结果，故填only to find。 2. The rules of the game are so simple. They make the game easy to play.(用不定式改写) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The rules of the game are simple enough to make the game easy to play. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：游戏的规则很简单，所以很容易玩。根据题目要求将两个句子用不定式改写，可用“形容词 + enough + to do sth.”结构，表示 “游戏规则足够简单以至于能让游戏容易玩”，其中用不定式“to make”来引导结果。故答案为The rules of the game are simple enough to make the game easy to play. 3. We are looking for an apartment that we can live in.(句型转换) We are looking for an apartment ________________. 【答案】to live in 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们正在找一套可以住的公寓。原句使用了that引导的限定性定语从句，修饰先行词an apartment，可以把定语从句改成非谓语动词作定语的形式。动词短语live in和所修饰词apartment是动宾关系，应用不定式作后置定语。故填to live in。 4. The house belongs to his parents. He lives in the house.(句型转换) →He lives in the house ________________. 【答案】belonging to his parents 【详解】考查非谓语动词。原句句意：这房子是他父母的。他住在这所房子里。空处作修饰the house的后置定语，belong to“属于”和the house逻辑上是主动关系，因此用其现在分词形式作定语。故填belonging to his parents。 5. As is known to us all, China is a country which belongs to the developing country.(句型转换) →As we all know, China is a country ________________________________________________. 【答案】belonging to the developing country 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。“which belongs to the developing country”是which引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a country，a country和belong之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作后置定语，故填belonging to the developing country。 6. Judy was happy to see her puppies. They were well taken care of by her friend.(用动词的过去分词合成句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Judy was happy to see her puppies well taken care of by her friend. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：朱迪很高兴看到她的小狗。它们被她的朋友照顾得很好。第二句“They were well taken care of by her friend”描述了“puppies”被照顾的状态，可以把“well taken care of by her friend”这一过去分词短语放在“puppies”后面作宾语补足语，补充说明小狗的情况。故答案是：Judy was happy to see her puppies well taken care of by her friend.。 7. From that day on, he put down his hoe and waited by the stump for a second hare to turn up, but no luck.(用现在分词升级句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】From that day on, he put down his hoe, waiting by the stump for a second hare to turn up, but no luck. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从那天开始，他放下锄头，在树桩边等着再有兔子出现，但是没等到好运。原句使用put和waited作并列谓语，可去掉连词and，将wait改写为非谓语动词形式，其余部分不变，wait与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式waiting作状语。故答案为From that day on, he put down his hoe, waiting by the stump for a second hare to turn up, but no luck. 8. 30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They hold the belief that space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money.(用非谓语动词升级句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile, holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：30%的人认为太空探索不值得，认为太空探索离我们和我们的日常生活太远，是浪费金钱。原句为两个句子，两个句子的主语一致。可以把第二句子的主语省掉，hold变成现在分词的形式作状语，表示和其逻辑主语存在主动关系，这样可以使句子更加紧凑和高级。故答案为30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile, holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. 9. He was born in 1911 in Shanghai. He was regarded as the father of China’s space program.(用过去分词短语作定语合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He, regarded as the father of China’s space program, was born in 1911 in Shanghai. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他1911年出生于上海，被视为中国太空计划之父。此处改为过去分词短语regarded as the father of China’s space program，作定语，修饰he，故改为He, regarded as the father of China’s space program, was born in 1911 in Shanghai. 10. The meeting that will be held next Monday aims to deal with the problem that is related to teenagers’ mental health.(句型转换) →The meeting ________________ next Monday aims to deal with the problem ________________ teenagers’ mental health. 【答案】to be held; related to 【详解】考查不定式的被动形式作定语和形容词短语作定语。句意：将于下周一举行的会议旨在处理与青少年心理健康有关的问题。由空处所在句子的结构可知aims为句子的谓语动词，所以空①应填非谓语动词的形式，作后置定语修饰主语The meeting，由原句及时间状语next Monday可知空①应用不定式的被动语态to be held，表示“将要被举办”；空②应填形容词短语的形式related to“与……有关的”，作后置定语，修饰the problem，故空①答案为to be held，空②答案为related to。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$