考点清单01 省略的用法【精讲精练】-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲（译林版2020）

专题01 省略的用法 · 思维到图： · 概述： 为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。 · 知识点1：简单句中的省略 1.省略主语:一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,主语常常省略,主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。 (You) Show this way, please!请这边走! (You) Close the door ?关门吗? 2.省略宾语:当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时,下句或后句常省略宾语。 —Do you know the mascots of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games? —Of course I know( the mascots of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games). ——你知道北京冬奥会的吉祥物吗?——我当然知道。 3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分):在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,此时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 (There is) No smoking.禁止吸烟。 (You come) This way, please.请这边走。 · 知识点2：并列句的省略 在并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分，如主语，谓语，宾语等，以使句子更加简洁明了。 He works as a doctor and his wife(works) a teacher. 他是个医生，他妻子是个老师。 My brother stayed up late and(he) managed to finish the important project. 我哥哥熬夜很晚，并且完成了一项重要的项目。 The one side of the board is painted red and the other(side of the board was painted) yellow. 这个板子的一面被粉刷成红色，另一面被粉刷成黄色。 Jim won the first prize and Peter(won) the second(prize). 吉姆赢得了一等奖，彼得赢得了二等奖。 · 知识点3：复合句的省略 1.状语从句的省略 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果主句的主语与从句的主语一致，或状语从句的主语为it, 且从句中含有be动词时，可以将状语从句的主语和be动词省略掉。 When I was driving a car to the city center, I spotted my old friend. →When driving a car to the city center, I spotted my old friend. 当我开车去往市中心时，我发现了我的一个老朋友。 分析：状语从句的主语为I, 与主句主语一致，且从句中出现了be动词was,所以状语从句的主语和be动词可以省略掉。 If it is necessary, I will turn to him for some suggestions. →If necessary, I will turn to him for some suggestions. 如果有必要，我会向他求助寻求些建议的。 分析：状语从句的主语为it，且状语从句有be动词，所以状语从句中的it is可以省略掉。 状语从句中省略的特殊用法 用于在as或者than引导的比较状语从句中。 He works harder than other classmates work.→He works harder than other classmates. 他比其他同学们更努力。 分析：than引导的比较状语从句中，可以将从句中相同的谓语动词或短语省略掉。 He tried to finish the task as well as possible.(as后面省略了it is) 他尽力很好得完成这个任务。 2.定语从句的省略 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词that, which, who, whom代替先行词作宾语时，可以省略关系代词。 例如： ①Who was the girl that he spoke to just now?→ Who was the girl he was spoke to just now? 刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁？ 分析：定语从句that he spoke to just now，先行词为the girl，此处关系代词that代替先行词the girl, 在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词that可以省略。 ② I live near the river which I used to swim in. →I live near the river I used to swim in. 我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。 分析：定语从句which I used to swim in，先行词为the river，此处关系代词which代替先行词the river，在定语从句中作宾语 ，所以关系代词which可以省略。 定语从句中省略的特殊用法 当the way在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可以省略。 I don’t like the way in which/ that he behaves. →I don’t like the way he behaves. 我不喜欢他行事的方式。 分析：定语从句in which he behaves, 先行词为the way, 先行词在定语从句中充当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。 The way in which/that the company operates is really successful. →The way the company operates is really successful. 这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。 分析：定语从句in which the company operates,先行词为the way,先行词在定语从句中从当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。 3.宾语从句的省略 谓语动词后的宾语从句，由that引导时，连接词that可以省略。 He warned me(that) the danger ahead would threaten my life. 他警告我，前方的危险会威胁我的生命。 Everybody knows(that) protecting the environment means a lot. 每个人都知道保护环境很重要。 宾语从句省略的特殊性： 在并列宾语从句中，第一个that可以省略，第二个及之后的that不可以省略。 He promised the local people(that) he would raise some funds and that he would set up a school. 他承诺当地人他会筹集一些资金并且建立一所学校。 四、其他的省略情况 1.动词不定式的省略 动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to。 —Would you like to go with us ? —I’m glad to go with us, but I have to finish my homework. →I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework. --你想和我们一起去吗？--我很乐意去，但是我不得不完成作业。 The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to play football in the street. →The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to. 2.虚拟语气中的省略 在含有were, had, should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。 If it had not been for the drought, the crop would not have failed. →Had it not been for the drought, the crop would not have failed. 要不是因为那场干旱，庄家不会欠收的。 If he were absent from the meeting, he would lose the opportunity to be promoted. →Were he absent from the meeting, he would lose the opportunity to be promoted. 如果他缺席了这个会，他会失去晋升的机会。 表“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”，should常可省略。 The doctor suggests that people(should) do exercise for thirty minute every day to be in good health. 医生建议人们应该每天锻炼30分钟保持健康状态。 The general gave soldiers an order that they(should) not leave the battlefield. 将军向士兵发出命令，他们不能离开战场。 3.使用so,not等时的省略。 在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 —Is he coming back tonight?他今晚回来吗?—I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。 4.介词的省略。 　　一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构: ①have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth. ②be busy(in) doing sth. ③spend some time(in) doing sth. ④stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth. · 省略用法做题小妙招： 方法1：省略词还原法 e.g. This discovery helped researchers conclude that these two drugs, when _________(take) together, could lead to heart disease. 分析句子结构可知，空处省略主语the two drags，此处表示药被服用，所以空处需用一般现在时的被动语态：are taken，此处when引导的时间状语从句，主语与宾语从句主句一致，且含有be动词，所以此处be动词和主语被省略，所以用过去分词taken。 【真题演练】 1. (2024北京高考)And when 16.　　　　　(ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 2.(2023北京高考)When (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 3．（2024高一下·江苏盐城·期中）He seldom, if , goes to the movies by himself. 4．（2024高一下·安徽马鞍山·期中）They gather around the television to watch the Spring Gala, while (chat) with each other and making dumplings. 5．（2024高一下·江苏扬州·期中）I felt concerned when (watch) the documentary. 6．（2024高一下·福建泉州·期中）Some think graffiti is a crime if (do) without a property owner’s permission. 7．（2024高一下·福建福州·期中）Virtual choir members record themselves while (perform) alone on video. 8．（2024高一下·江苏无锡·期中）These books will be put to the best use if (donate) to the local library. 9．（2024高一下·江苏无锡·期中）Geothermal (地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resource. All you have to do is (drill) (钻孔) deep enough and you will find hot rock. 10．（2024高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Nerve cells have limited ability to recover if (destroy). 基础训练 单句语法填空 1．（24-25高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）When (locate) a business, managers should consider whether the professional team can be set up. 2．（24-25高一下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Although (defeat), he didn’t lose heart and made up his mind to work harder. 3．（24-25高一下·江苏·阶段练习）He looked through the window from time to time as if (expect) someone important. 4．（24-25高一下·江苏·阶段练习）When (expose) to the difficulties and failures, we must overcome them. 5．（24-25高一下·江苏镇江·阶段练习）The once lively street now seemed as if (desert), with shops closed and people gone. 6．（24-25高一下·江苏镇江·阶段练习）They have the chance to experience the local culture while (explore) the ruins. 7．（24-25高一下·广东佛山·开学考试）When (complete), the project will have the capacity to test electric power systems. 8．（24-25高一上·江苏·期末）When (equip) with new scientific farming methods, farmers can use less farmland to produce more. 9．Though (tire), he still kept working. 10．When (study), he is always very focused. 11．There are few mistakes in his composition, (if any). 12．Even if (invite), I wouldn’t go to attend the party. 13．Nerve cells have limited ability to recover if (destroy). 14．While (study) the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob became puzzled about something. 15．If not （handle） properly, medical waste from hospitals may contribute to spreading diseases. 16．Though (lack) money, his parents still managed to send him to university. 17． possible, I want to stay with you forever. 18．If (ask) to look after luggage someone else, inform the police at once. 19．Unless (invite), I won’t go to the party. 20．They looked around the room as if (look) for something. 21．She is so shy that she never speaks first until (speak) to. 22．If (give) more time, I’ll be able to do it better. 23．Look out for cars when (cross) the road. 24．He wouldn’t solve the difficult problem even if (take) charge. 25．Drugs can break down if not (store) properly, which can make them unsafe. 26. In some Asian countries, it is polite to bow when (greet) others. 27．When (cross) the road, look both ways carefully. 28．When (travel) in France, he picked up some French. 29．I will ask for your help necessary. 30．—How are you getting on with your work? —Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going well as (plan). 提升训练 一．单句写作 1．当踏入音乐世界时，有很多东西需要探索。 2．出国时，我们有机会与当地人交流，这可以帮助我们练习英语口语。 3．首先要做的是关注洪水预警。 4．当处理办公室矛盾的时候，专家建议人们多反思自己，多换位思考，以及和同事及时交流。 5．边喝咖啡边欣赏落叶十分惬意！ (It) (汉译英) 6．如果有困难的话，你可以向同学求助。 二．完成句子 1．One day, while he was ploughing in his field, he saw a hare bump into a stump by accident and die. （用省略句升级句） 2．The boy stood there with his head bent as if he was criticized by the teacher. →The boy stood there with his head bent as if . 3．When they were entering the classroom, all the students looked up at me curiously. → the classroom, all the students looked up at me curiously. 4．Unless I am invited to attend the party, I won’t go to his house. (同义句转换) → the party, I won’t go to his house. 5．I really like that paper folding book, and my son likes that paper folding book, too. 6．Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some are not poisonous. 7．If it is necessary, I’ll finish my report on American poetry as soon as it is possible. 8．He tried to solve his financial problems, but he couldn’t solve the problems. 9．You mean you are planning a trip across the Atlantic for a holiday? It sounds like a good idea. 10．You can call me when it is needed. 11．If it is necessary, you can turn to me for help at any time. → , you can turn to me for help at any time. 12．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone. →She stood at the gate . 7 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 省略的用法 · 思维到图： · 概述： 为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。 · 知识点1：简单句中的省略 1.省略主语:一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,主语常常省略,主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。 (You) Show this way, please!请这边走! (You) Close the door ?关门吗? 2.省略宾语:当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时,下句或后句常省略宾语。 —Do you know the mascots of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games? —Of course I know( the mascots of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games). ——你知道北京冬奥会的吉祥物吗?——我当然知道。 3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分):在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,此时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 (There is) No smoking.禁止吸烟。 (You come) This way, please.请这边走。 · 知识点2：并列句的省略 在并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分，如主语，谓语，宾语等，以使句子更加简洁明了。 He works as a doctor and his wife(works) a teacher. 他是个医生，他妻子是个老师。 My brother stayed up late and(he) managed to finish the important project. 我哥哥熬夜很晚，并且完成了一项重要的项目。 The one side of the board is painted red and the other(side of the board was painted) yellow. 这个板子的一面被粉刷成红色，另一面被粉刷成黄色。 Jim won the first prize and Peter(won) the second(prize). 吉姆赢得了一等奖，彼得赢得了二等奖。 · 知识点3：复合句的省略 1.状语从句的省略 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果主句的主语与从句的主语一致，或状语从句的主语为it, 且从句中含有be动词时，可以将状语从句的主语和be动词省略掉。 When I was driving a car to the city center, I spotted my old friend. →When driving a car to the city center, I spotted my old friend. 当我开车去往市中心时，我发现了我的一个老朋友。 分析：状语从句的主语为I, 与主句主语一致，且从句中出现了be动词was,所以状语从句的主语和be动词可以省略掉。 If it is necessary, I will turn to him for some suggestions. →If necessary, I will turn to him for some suggestions. 如果有必要，我会向他求助寻求些建议的。 分析：状语从句的主语为it，且状语从句有be动词，所以状语从句中的it is可以省略掉。 状语从句中省略的特殊用法 用于在as或者than引导的比较状语从句中。 He works harder than other classmates work.→He works harder than other classmates. 他比其他同学们更努力。 分析：than引导的比较状语从句中，可以将从句中相同的谓语动词或短语省略掉。 He tried to finish the task as well as possible.(as后面省略了it is) 他尽力很好得完成这个任务。 2.定语从句的省略 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词that, which, who, whom代替先行词作宾语时，可以省略关系代词。 例如： ①Who was the girl that he spoke to just now?→ Who was the girl he was spoke to just now? 刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁？ 分析：定语从句that he spoke to just now，先行词为the girl，此处关系代词that代替先行词the girl, 在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词that可以省略。 ② I live near the river which I used to swim in. →I live near the river I used to swim in. 我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。 分析：定语从句which I used to swim in，先行词为the river，此处关系代词which代替先行词the river，在定语从句中作宾语 ，所以关系代词which可以省略。 定语从句中省略的特殊用法 当the way在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可以省略。 I don’t like the way in which/ that he behaves. →I don’t like the way he behaves. 我不喜欢他行事的方式。 分析：定语从句in which he behaves, 先行词为the way, 先行词在定语从句中充当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。 The way in which/that the company operates is really successful. →The way the company operates is really successful. 这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。 分析：定语从句in which the company operates,先行词为the way,先行词在定语从句中从当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。 3.宾语从句的省略 谓语动词后的宾语从句，由that引导时，连接词that可以省略。 He warned me(that) the danger ahead would threaten my life. 他警告我，前方的危险会威胁我的生命。 Everybody knows(that) protecting the environment means a lot. 每个人都知道保护环境很重要。 宾语从句省略的特殊性： 在并列宾语从句中，第一个that可以省略，第二个及之后的that不可以省略。 He promised the local people(that) he would raise some funds and that he would set up a school. 他承诺当地人他会筹集一些资金并且建立一所学校。 四、其他的省略情况 1.动词不定式的省略 动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to。 —Would you like to go with us ? —I’m glad to go with us, but I have to finish my homework. →I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework. --你想和我们一起去吗？--我很乐意去，但是我不得不完成作业。 The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to play football in the street. →The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to. 2.虚拟语气中的省略 在含有were, had, should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。 If it had not been for the drought, the crop would not have failed. →Had it not been for the drought, the crop would not have failed. 要不是因为那场干旱，庄家不会欠收的。 If he were absent from the meeting, he would lose the opportunity to be promoted. →Were he absent from the meeting, he would lose the opportunity to be promoted. 如果他缺席了这个会，他会失去晋升的机会。 表“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”，should常可省略。 The doctor suggests that people(should) do exercise for thirty minute every day to be in good health. 医生建议人们应该每天锻炼30分钟保持健康状态。 The general gave soldiers an order that they(should) not leave the battlefield. 将军向士兵发出命令，他们不能离开战场。 3.使用so,not等时的省略。 在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 —Is he coming back tonight?他今晚回来吗?—I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。 4.介词的省略。 　　一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构: ①have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth. ②be busy(in) doing sth. ③spend some time(in) doing sth. ④stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth. · 省略用法做题小妙招： 方法1：省略词还原法 e.g. This discovery helped researchers conclude that these two drugs, when _________(take) together, could lead to heart disease. 分析句子结构可知，空处省略主语the two drags，此处表示药被服用，所以空处需用一般现在时的被动语态：are taken，此处when引导的时间状语从句，主语与宾语从句主句一致，且含有be动词，所以此处be动词和主语被省略，所以用过去分词taken。 【真题演练】 1. (2024北京高考)And when 16.　　　　　(ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 答案：asked. 解析：考查省略句。本句是when引导的时间状语从句;因主从句主语一致,且从句的谓语动词中有be动词,所以从句省略主语和谓语中的be动词,本句省略的是he was。故填 asked。 2.(2023北京高考)When (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 答案：seen. 解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 3．（2024高一下·江苏盐城·期中）He seldom, if , goes to the movies by himself. 【答案】ever 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：他很少单独去看电影——即便不能说从来不去。结合句意“如果有的话，如果曾经”可知句型为if ever，是一种省略的表达，用来表达可能性小、‌情况少见但也不是完全不可能的意思，故填ever。 4．（2024高一下·安徽马鞍山·期中）They gather around the television to watch the Spring Gala, while (chat) with each other and making dumplings. 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他们围坐在电视机前看春晚，互相聊天，包饺子。此处为while引导的时间状语从句的省略，从句主语they和从句谓语动词chat是主动关系，正在进行的动作，从句谓语动词chat用be doing形式，状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中包含be动词，从句省略主语和be动词，用现在分词chatting。故填chatting。 5．（2024高一下·江苏扬州·期中）I felt concerned when (watch) the documentary. 【答案】watching 【详解】考查状语从句省略句。句意：看纪录片的时候我很担心。when引导的时间状语从句意为“当我在看纪录片的时候”，由主句谓语felt可知，从句时态用过去进行时，主语是I，因此when引导的从句是when I was watching the documentary，从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是watching。故填watching。 6．（2024高一下·福建泉州·期中）Some think graffiti is a crime if (do) without a property owner’s permission. 【答案】done 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：有些人认为未经业主允许涂鸦是犯罪行为。空处为状语从句的省略，还原后为if graffiti is done，省略了 graffiti is 。故填done。 7．（2024高一下·福建福州·期中）Virtual choir members record themselves while (perform) alone on video. 【答案】performing 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：虚拟唱诗班成员在独自表演时录制自己的视频。分析句子结构可知，此处为while引导的时间状语中的省略结构，该句省去了“Virtual choir members are”，perform与Virtual choir members之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填performing。 8．（2024高一下·江苏无锡·期中）These books will be put to the best use if (donate) to the local library. 【答案】donated 【详解】考查省略句。句意：这些书如果捐赠给当地图书馆，将得到充分利用。if引导的条件状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是if they are donated to the local library，省略they are，空处需填过去分词donated。故填donated。 9．（2024高一下·江苏无锡·期中）Geothermal (地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resource. All you have to do is (drill) (钻孔) deep enough and you will find hot rock. 【答案】drill 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地热能发电是我们最稳定的可再生能源之一，你所要做的就是钻到足够深的地方，你就会发现炙热的岩石。此句是“all+主语+have to do is+动词原形”结构，表示“某人所要做的就是……”，主语部分有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式省略to，is后接动词原形。故填drill。 10．（2024高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Nerve cells have limited ability to recover if (destroy). 【答案】destroyed 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果神经细胞被破坏，它们的恢复能力有限。分析句子可知，此处是if省略句，省略主语nerve cells和be动词，nerve cells和destroy之间是被动关系，因此需使用过去分词表示被动。故填destroyed。 基础训练 单句语法填空 1．（24-25高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）When (locate) a business, managers should consider whether the professional team can be set up. 【答案】locating 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：在选址建立企业时，管理者应该考虑是否能组建专业的团队。该句为when引导的时间状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一致，且谓语动词中含有be动词时，可以省略“主语+be动词”，结合句意，locate与逻辑主语managers之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填locating。 2．（24-25高一下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Although (defeat), he didn’t lose heart and made up his mind to work harder. 【答案】defeated 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：尽管被打败了，他没有灰心，并且下定决心更加努力工作。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be 动词。本句中的让步状语从句完整句子为 Although he was____ (defeat)，主语he和defeat为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，本空用过去分词，省略he was，保留过去分词。故填defeated。 3．（24-25高一下·江苏·阶段练习）He looked through the window from time to time as if (expect) someone important. 【答案】expecting 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他不时从窗户往外看，好像在盼望着什么重要人物。本句为状语从句的省略，当方式状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词，原句为as if he was expecting someone important。省略了he was，保留现在分词。故填expecting。 4．（24-25高一下·江苏·阶段练习）When (expose) to the difficulties and failures, we must overcome them. 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当面临困难和失败时，我们必须克服它们。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中When引导的时间状语从句完整形式为When we are_____ (expose) to the difficulties and failures，且主语we与expose“暴露，使面临”为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与空前的are构成一般现在时的被动语态，省略we are，保留过去分词。故填exposed。 5．（24-25高一下·江苏镇江·阶段练习）The once lively street now seemed as if (desert), with shops closed and people gone. 【答案】deserted 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：这条曾经热闹的街道好像被遗弃了，商店关门了，人们也走了。本句为从句的省略，原句为as if it was deserted，省略了it was。故填deserted。 6．（24-25高一下·江苏镇江·阶段练习）They have the chance to experience the local culture while (explore) the ruins. 【答案】exploring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们有机会在探索废墟的同时体验当地文化。“while 　　　 (explore) the ruins”在句中作时间状语。while引导时间状语while they are exploring the ruins，从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，使用 “while + 现在分词”的结构，故省略they are，空处填现在分词exploring。故填exploring。 7．（24-25高一下·广东佛山·开学考试）When (complete), the project will have the capacity to test electric power systems. 【答案】completed 【详解】考查省略句。句意：建成后，该项目将具备测试电力系统的能力。when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是When it is completed，省略it is，空处需填过去分词。故填completed。 8．（24-25高一上·江苏·期末）When (equip) with new scientific farming methods, farmers can use less farmland to produce more. 【答案】equipped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当配备了新的科学耕作方法时，农民可以使用更少的农田来生产更多的作物。When引导的时间状语从句省略了主语，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语farmers和equip之间是动宾关系，所以空处应用过去分词。When equipped...补充完整为When they are equipped...，省略主语和be动词。故填equipped。 9．Though (tire), he still kept working. 【答案】tired 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他虽然累了，但还是继续工作。though 引导的状语从句中，从句主语 he 与主句主语一致，且谓语含有 be 动词，可省略 he was，“尽管累了” 用 Though tired。故填 tired。 10．When (study), he is always very focused. 【答案】studying 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：学习时，他总是很专注。该句为when引导的时间状语从句，其完整形式为“when he is studying”，由 when 引导的状语从句中，从句主语“he”与主句主语一致，且谓语含有 be 动词“is”，从句可省略“he is”。故填 studying。 11．There are few mistakes in his composition, (if any). 【答案】if any 【详解】考查省略和固定句型。句意：他的作文即使有错误，也很少。句子表示“他的作文即使有错误，也很少”，空格处意为“如果有的话”，是固定句型if any，是一种省略句，故填if any。 12．Even if (invite), I wouldn’t go to attend the party. 【答案】invited 【详解】考查时态，被动语态，主谓一致和省略。句意：即使被邀请，我也不会去参加聚会。even if引导的让步状语从句表示“即使我被邀请”，用一般现在时的被动语态，即even if I am invited，主句的主语和从句中的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，即省略I am，因此空格处是invited。故填invited。 13．Nerve cells have limited ability to recover if (destroy). 【答案】destroyed 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果神经细胞被破坏，它们的恢复能力有限。分析句子可知，此处是if省略句，省略主语nerve cells和be动词，nerve cells和destroy之间是被动关系，因此需使用过去分词表示被动。故填destroyed。 14．While (study) the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob became puzzled about something. 【答案】studying 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史时，鲍勃对一些事情感到困惑。根据空格前的连词while和所给动词study可知，此处考查状语从句的省略，while引导的完整从句是while Bob was studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词，符合状语从句省略的条件，省略从句的主语和be动词。故填studying。 15．If not （handle） properly, medical waste from hospitals may contribute to spreading diseases. 【答案】handled 【详解】考查省略。句意：如果处理不当，医院的医疗废物可能会导致疾病传播。这里其实是从句if medical waste is not handled properly的省略形式。当主、从句的主语一致的时候，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，被动语态省略了系动词和主语。故填handled。 16．Though (lack) money, his parents still managed to send him to university. 【答案】lacking 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然缺钱，他父母还是设法送他上了大学。句子表示“当时他的父母缺钱”，由managed可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此用过去进行时，主语his parents是复数，因此though引导的从句是though they were lacking money，though引导的让步状语从句中主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是lacking。故填lacking。 17． possible, I want to stay with you forever. 【答案】If 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果可能的话，我想永远和你在一起。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“if possible”，意为“如果可能的话”，为状语从句“if it is possible”的省略形式，句首单词首字母大写，故空格处应用“If”。故填If。 18．If (ask) to look after luggage someone else, inform the police at once. 【答案】asked 【详解】考查被动语态和省略。句意：如果其他人让你帮忙照看行李，立刻通知警察。分析句子结构，这里是条件状语从句的省略句，“你”和“要求”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，原句为If you are asked to look after luggage someone else, inform the police at once.从句主语与主句主语相同，且含有be动词，可以把从句主语连同be动词一起省略，所以填asked。 19．Unless (invite), I won’t go to the party. 【答案】invited 【详解】考查省略结构。句意：除非被邀请，否则我不会去参加聚会。当时间、条件、让步等状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和 be 动词。在“Unless ________ (invite), I won’t go to the party.”中，完整的句子应该是“Unless I am invited, I won’t go to the party”，从句主语“I”和主句主语一致，且含有be动词 “am”，所以可以省略“I am”，留下过去分词 invited。故填invited。 20．They looked around the room as if (look) for something. 【答案】looking 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他们环视了一下房间，好像在找什么东西。“as if”引导方式状语从句，当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语含有 be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。此句中主句主语是“They”，从句完整形式为“as if they were looking for something”，可以省略“they were”。故填looking。 21．She is so shy that she never speaks first until (speak) to. 【答案】spoken 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：她很害羞，直到别人跟她说话她才开口。本句中until引导时间状语从句，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语 she和be动词 is，完整形式为“until she is spoken to”，she与speak to之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词spoken。故填spoken。 22．If (give) more time, I’ll be able to do it better. 【答案】given 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果给我更多的时间，我能做得更好。此处为if引导的条件状语从句，从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略“主语+be”，主语I与give之间为被动关系，所以该句的完整结构为“if I am given...”，省略“I am”，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填given。 23．Look out for cars when (cross) the road. 【答案】crossing 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：过马路时要当心车辆。句子含有when引导的时间状语从句，使用省略用法，当时间、条件、让步等状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。在“Look out for cars when ______ (cross) the road”中，完整的句子应该是 “Look out for cars when you are crossing the road”，从句主语“you”和主句隐含的主语you一致，且含有be动词“are”，所以可以省略“you are”，只保留现在分词 crossing。故填crossing。 24．He wouldn’t solve the difficult problem even if (take) charge. 【答案】to take 【详解】考查虚拟语气和状语从句的省略。句意：即使他负责，也解决不了这个难题。分析句子可知，此句采用了even if引导的让步状语从句的虚拟语气语法，即如果是对将来动作的虚拟，用were to do结构，则主句用“would (not) + 动词原形”做谓语，而even if引导的从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词形式，可以把从句中he were省略。故填to take。 25．Drugs can break down if not (store) properly, which can make them unsafe. 【答案】stored 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：如果储存不当，药物会分解，这可能会使它们不安全。此处用了if引导条件状语从句，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句中含有be动词，因此对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，store“储存”和被省略的主语Drugs之间是被动关系，因此应用store的过去分词形式。故填stored。 26. In some Asian countries, it is polite to bow when (greet) others. 【答案】greeting 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：在一些亚洲国家，当向别人打招呼时鞠躬是有礼貌的。此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，当从句主语与主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，完整形式为“when one is greeting others”，所以此处应用greeting。故填greeting。 27．When (cross) the road, look both ways carefully. 【答案】crossing 【详解】考查状语从句的省略用法。句意：过马路时，要仔细看两边。分析句子可知，此处为状语从句的省略用法，当when引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致(此句中从句主语为 you，被省略)，且从句谓语含有be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词，完整表达为“When you are crossing...”，省略后为“When crossing...”。故填 crossing。 28．When (travel) in France, he picked up some French. 【答案】traveling/travelling 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当他在法国旅行时，他学到了一些法语。此处为状语从句中的省略，when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且谓语动词中含有be动词，可以省略“主语+be动词”，travel与主句主语he之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式traveling或者travelling。故填traveling/travelling。 29．I will ask for your help necessary. 【答案】if 【详解】考查省略句。句意：如有必要，我会请求你的帮助。在时间状语、条件状语和让步状语从句中，当从句的主语是it，且含有be动词时，可以把it和be动词一起省略，结合句意，此处表示“如果”，为if引导的条状语从句的省略结构，省略了“it is”，构成“连词+形容词”的结构。故填if。 30．—How are you getting on with your work? —Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going well as (plan). 【答案】planned 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——你工作进展如何？——哦，我很抱歉。事情没有按计划进行得顺利。as planned固定搭配，意为“按计划”，此处是as引导的状语从句的省略，当主句和从句为同一主语，且从句含有be动词时，从句可以省略主语和be动词，主语things和动词plan为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填planned。 提升训练 一．单句写作 1．当踏入音乐世界时，有很多东西需要探索。 【答案】There’s so much to explore when stepping into the music world. 【详解】考查there be句型和状语从句省略。根据中文提示和要求可知，表示“当踏入音乐世界时，有很多东西需要探索”应用There’s so much to explore when stepping into the music world，其中There’s so much to explore：是一个常见的“There be + 名词 + to do”结构，表示“有很多…… 要去做”。其中，so much表示“很多”，指代要探索的事物，to explore 为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰so much；when stepping into the world of music，是一个时间状语从句的省略形式。完整的句子应该是when you are stepping into the world of music，当主从句主语一致，且从句谓语动词含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，所以这里省略了you are，step into表示“踏入，进入”，the world of music 即“音乐世界”。故翻译为There’s so much to explore when stepping into the music world. 2．出国时，我们有机会与当地人交流，这可以帮助我们练习英语口语。 【答案】When going abroad, we have access to communicate with local people, which can help us practice our spoken English. 【详解】考查状语从句的省略和时态，定语从句。主语是“我们”，用we，“有机会做某事”用固定短语have access to，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，“与当地人交流”译为communicate with local people，“出国时”可以用时间状语从句，也可以用状语从句的省略形式，“出国”译为go abroad，和主语之间是主动关系，所以“出国时”译为when going abroad，“这可以帮助我们练习英语口语”处理为which引导的非限制性定语从句，“帮助我们练习英语口语”译为help us practice our spoken English。故翻译为When going abroad,we have access to communicate with local people, which can help us practice our spoken English. 3．首先要做的是关注洪水预警。 【答案】The first thing to do is (to) pay attention to flood warnings. 【详解】考查不定式。“首先要做的是”译为the first thing to do is...，表语“关注洪水预警”译为pay attention to flood warnings，表语用来补充说明the first thing to do的具体内容，应用不定式短语to pay attention to flood warnings，不定式做表语时，如果主语中包含实义动词do，表语不定式中的to可以省略。故翻译为The first thing to do is (to) pay attention to flood warnings. 4．当处理办公室矛盾的时候，专家建议人们多反思自己，多换位思考，以及和同事及时交流。 【答案】When dealing with office conflicts, experts suggest that people should reflect more on themselves, put themselves in their colleagues’ shoes more often, and communicate with colleagues in a timely manner. 【详解】考查时间状语从句的省略、宾语从句、虚拟语气用法和动词短语。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句为连词When表示“当……时候”引导的时间状语从句，从句使用省略用法，省略主语they和be动词are，表示“处理办公室矛盾”应为动词短语deal with office conflicts；表示“专家”为名词experts；表示“建议”为动词suggest；后接从属连词that引导的宾语从句，该从句需用虚拟语气用法，即(should) do sth；表示“多反思自己”应为动词短语reflect more on themselves；表示“多换位思考”应为动词短语put themselves in their colleagues’ shoes more often；表示“和同事及时交流”应为动词短语communicate with colleagues in a timely manner。故翻译为：When dealing with office conflicts, experts suggest that people should reflect more on themselves, put themselves in their colleagues’ shoes more often, and communicate with colleagues in a timely manner. 5．边喝咖啡边欣赏落叶十分惬意！ (It) (汉译英) 【答案】It is pleasant to drink coffee while enjoying the falling/ fallen leaves! 【详解】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“十分惬意”用固定句型：it is  pleasant to do sth.，“边欣赏落叶”表示和喝咖啡同时发生，用while作连接词，表“同时”，“欣赏落叶”的主语和“喝咖啡”主语相同，用现在分词形式，译为“enjoying the falling leaves”或者“enjoying the fallen leaves”。故译为：It is pleasant to drink coffee while enjoying the falling/ fallen leaves! 6．如果有困难的话，你可以向同学求助。 【答案】Ask your classmates for help if any difficulties. 【详解】考查固定句型和祈使句。表示“向某人求助”短语为ask sb. for help，省略主语you，将动词原形形式置于句首，构成祈使句的肯定句结构，“同学”classmate，使用名词的复数形式classmates表示泛指，作宾语；表示“如果有困难的话”为if省略结构，译为if any difficulties。故翻译为Ask your classmates for help if any difficulties. 二．完成句子 1．One day, while he was ploughing in his field, he saw a hare bump into a stump by accident and die. （用省略句升级句） 【答案】One day, while ploughing in his field, he saw a hare bump into a stump by accident and die. 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：一天，当他在田里犁地时，他看到一只野兔不小心撞到了树桩上，死了。状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中包含be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，所以本句可省略he was，故改写为：One day, while ploughing in his field, he saw a hare bump into a stump by accident and die. 2．The boy stood there with his head bent as if he was criticized by the teacher. →The boy stood there with his head bent as if . 【答案】criticized by the teacher 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：那个男孩低着头站在那里，好像受到了老师的批评。状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中包含be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词。故填criticized by the teacher。 3．When they were entering the classroom, all the students looked up at me curiously. → the classroom, all the students looked up at me curiously. 【答案】 When entering 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当所有的学生们走进教室时，他们都好奇地抬头看着我。分析原句，时间状语从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词中含有be动词were，所以，该句可以省略“主语+be”即“they were”。故填①When②entering。 4．Unless I am invited to attend the party, I won’t go to his house. (同义句转换) → the party, I won’t go to his house. 【答案】 Unless invited to attend 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非我被邀请参加聚会，否则我不会去他家。在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。原句中从句“Unless I am invited to attend the party”，可省略“I am”，故填Unless；invited；to；attend。 5．I really like that paper folding book, and my son likes that paper folding book, too. 【答案】I really like that paper folding book, and my son does, too. 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：我真的很喜欢那本折纸书，我儿子也喜欢。前半句说“I really like that paper folding book”，后半句重复提到“likes that paper folding book”，为了避免重复喜欢的对象“that paper folding book”以及重复使用 “like” 这个动词，可以用助动词“does”来代替“likes that paper folding book”，意思就是 “我儿子也喜欢(那本折纸书)”，使句子更加简洁紧凑，又不影响语义传达。故答案为I really like that paper folding book, and my son does, too. 6．Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some are not poisonous. 【答案】Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some aren’t. 【详解】考查省略。句意：有些野生蘑菇有毒，有些则无毒。前面提到“Some wild mushrooms are poisonous”，后面为了避免重复使用“are not poisonous”的完整表达，可以用缩写形式“aren’t”来代替，因此缩写为Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some aren’t。故答案为Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some aren’t. 7．If it is necessary, I’ll finish my report on American poetry as soon as it is possible. 【答案】If necessary, I’ll finish my report on American poetry as soon as possible. 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果有必要，我会尽快完成我的美国诗歌报告。If it is necessary是条件状语从句，as soon as it is possible是时间状语从句，两个从句的主语都是it，从句中都有be动词，符合状语从句省略的条件，可以将从句的主语和be动词省略掉。故填If necessary, I’ll finish my report on American poetry as soon as possible. 8．He tried to solve his financial problems, but he couldn’t solve the problems. 【答案】He tried to solve his financial problems, but couldn’t. 【详解】考查省略。句意：他试图解决他的经济问题，但是没能成功。前面已经提到“solve his financial problems”和主语He，后面再次出现主语he和“solve the problems”就显得重复，因此这里可以直接省略掉重复的主语he和实义动词“solve” 以及后面的“the problems”，只保留情态动词couldn’t。故答案为He tried to solve his financial problems, but couldn’t. 9．You mean you are planning a trip across the Atlantic for a holiday? It sounds like a good idea. 【答案】You mean you’re planning a trip across the Atlantic for a holiday? Sounds like a good idea. 【详解】考查省略句。句意：你是说你打算横渡大西洋去度假？听起来是个好主意。原句“It sounds like a good idea.”中“it”指代前面提到的“planning a trip across the Atlantic for a holiday”这件事，在口语化表达等情境下，为了简洁可以省略掉主语，这样句子依然表意清晰，且更加简洁明了，符合英语中避免重复、精简表达的习惯。故改为You mean you’re planning a trip across the Atlantic for a holiday? Sounds like a good idea. 10．You can call me when it is needed. 【答案】You can call me if necessary. 【详解】考查省略句。句意：需要的时候你可以打电话给我。原句“when it is needed”意思是“当需要的时候”，按照“if 省略结构”的用法，可直接改写成if necessary“如果需要”，句子意思保持不变。故翻译成：You can call me if necessary.。 11．If it is necessary, you can turn to me for help at any time. → , you can turn to me for help at any time. 【答案】If necessary 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如有必要的话，你可以随时找我帮忙。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。故If引导的条件状语从句可以省略从句主语it和be动词is，其余不变。故填If necessary。 12．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone. →She stood at the gate . 【答案】as if waiting for someone 【详解】考查省略句。句意：她站在门口，好像在等什么人似的。当状语从句的主语与主句主语相同，且从句有be 动词，从句的主语和be动词可以省略，此处可省略she was。故填as if waiting for someone。 11 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$