内容正文:
牛津版七年级下期中考点串讲
Units1-4
语法精讲
01
Unit 1
冠词
02
Unit 2
专有名词和并列连词
04
unit 4
反身代词
目录
CONTENTS
03
Unit 3
现在进行时态
PART 01
冠词
Unit 1 People around us
冠词
冠词是一种虚词,是名词的一种标志,不能独立担任任何句子成分,只能附着在一个名词上,帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查,往往集中于a、an的用法区别,定冠词的用法,不用冠词的情况,习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主,有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中,不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法,还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。
中考考查重点:
一、冠词的用法;
二、不用冠词的情况;
考向1 冠词的分类
分类 说明 例子
不定冠词 a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物,a plane 一架飞机,a useful book 一本有用的书
an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an hour 一小时,an apple 一个苹果,an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩
定冠词 the 只有一种形式,一般用于特指 the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔,the Chinese movie 那部中国影片
考向2 冠词的基本用法
一、 不定冠词a、an的用法
1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前,泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别:
(1)若随后的单词以辅音音素开头,用 a。如:
a lot of,a good idea,a pear。
(2)若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用 an。如:
an example,an orange,an apple。
用法 例子
1. 用于特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 This is the city where my grandfather once lived.
2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。 Would you mind my opening the window?
3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用"a或an",以后再次提到用"the") Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree.
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Spring is the first season of a year.
This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen.
5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。 in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面
at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部
6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano
7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table.
8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old.
9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the United States
10用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴
二、定冠词the的用法
11. 用在某些固定的表达法。
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影
in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 在去……去的路上
用法 例子
1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made of wood.
2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road.
Every student likes English in our class.
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers.
4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day.
It’s hot in summer.
5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast.
Let’s play football after school.
6.在某些固定短语中。 in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school
三、不用冠词的情况
用冠词填空。(注意有的地方不需要冠词)
1. ________ milk is food. ________ milk in this cup has gone bad.
2.Do you like playing ________ football?
— Yes. But I have only ________ basketball.
3. Do you know _______ girl on _______ another side of _______ lake?
4. She says _______ animals can’t live without ________ air, either.
5. Hangzhou is one of _____ most beautiful cities and many tourists want to visit it again.
6. I bought _______ new handbag. There was _______“s” on the corner.
7. There is _______ orange and _______ banana on your desk. They are for you.
8. Is Germany _______ European country or _______ Asian country?
9. We usually go climbing mountains on ______ Sunday.
10. This year I will spend my ______ twentieth birthday.
11. — Do you know ______ lady in white?
— Yes. She is Jack’s sister.
12. Listen! He is practising playing ______ violin on ______ second floor.
【答案】1./ The 2./a 3.the / the 4./ / 5.the 6.a an 7.an a 8.a an 9./ 10./ 11.the 12.the the
PART 02
专有名词和并列连词
Unit 2 Travelling around the world
专有名词
英语中的专有名词表示特定的人名、地名、机构或组织名、书名、节日名或者日期名等的专用名称。专有名词前一般不加冠词,并且每个单词的首字母都需要大写,但其中的虚词,如冠词、介词等的首字母一般不大写,也可以将所有的字母都大写。注意,普通名词构成的专有前面需要加定冠词。
1. 专有名词的分类
(1). 表示人名,姓和名要分开,首字母都要大写。如:Tom, Tim Smith, Xu Haitao。
(2). 表示地名、国名。如:France, the United Nations, the Great Wall。
(3). 表示组织,机构名。如 the World Trade Organization,
(4). 表示星期、月份。如:Monday, January, October。
(5). 表示节日。如:the Spring Festival, Christmas, New Year。
(6). 表示书名、文章名。如:Oxford English, My Summer Holiday。
专有名词的特征
(1). 一般情况下,专有名词的第一个字母要大写,前面不用不定冠词“a”或“an”,通常没有复数形式。
(2). 组织结构和中国传统的节日前,要加冠词The。
(3). 国家名是由多个名词组成,要加冠词the. 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the.
(4). 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示某一家人(复数含义)。如the Greens (格林一家)
并列连词
and but so和or用法
(1) and 意为“和;并且”,表示并列关系。
例如:肉和鱼是健康食物。Meat and fish are healthy food.
(2)but 转折关系。
例如:他很努力学习,但是这次考试还是没及格。
He studies hard, but he failed in this exam.
(3) so意为“因此”,表示因果关系。
例如:它有两个翅膀,因此它会飞。 It has two wings, so it can fly.
(4) or意为“或者”,表示选择关系。or意为“或者,否则”,做“和,并且”讲时常用于否定句中。
例如:你喜欢米饭还是面包? Do you like rice or bread?
I don't like apples or bananas. 我不喜欢苹果和香蕉。
用连词and, but, so, or, though 填空。(一定要学会判断前后句的逻辑关系)
1. My brother is ill, ________ I have to stay at home.
2. He has a lot of money, ________ he spends little.
3. Take some medicine, ________ you will feel better.
4. I came to see him, _______ he was not at home.
5. Work hard, ________ you will pass the English exam.
6. Work hard, ________ you will not pass the English exam.
7. My brother likes noodles, _______ he does not like rice at all.
8. I want to go to the park _______ fly a kite there.
9. You had better take a taxi, ________ you will miss the train.
10. We felt very happy _______ we were very tired today..
【答案】1.so 2.but 3.and 4.but 5.and 6.or 7.but 8.and 9.or 10.though
PART 03
现在进行时态
Unit 3 Trees and us
现在进行时
现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作,或表示目前一段时间内正在进行的活动。与现在进行时连用的时间状语主要有now, these days, at present, at the moment等,也可以不用时间状语。
1. 现在进行时的一般结构:be+ doing, be根据主语的数不同而依次选用am, is, are。
翻译句子
1.--他们在做什么? --他们在听CD。
What are they doing? They’re listening to a CD.
2.--你在做作业吗? --是的。/ 不是。
Are you doing your homework? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
3.--他在读报纸吗? --是的。/ 不是。他在打篮球。
Is he reading a newspaper? Yes, he is. /No, he isn’t. He’s playing basketball.
4. --他们在用电脑吗? --是的。 / 不是。他们在锻炼。
Are they using the computer? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. They’re exercising.
5. 瞧, 他们正在仔细给树浇水。
Look! They are watering the trees carefully.
6.现在,它正悲伤地等待着成为幸运鸟的大餐。
Now it is sadly waiting to become a lucky bird’s big meal.
7.这棵树正悄悄地散发出一股气味。它用气味来呼救。
The tree is quietly giving off a smell. It uses the smell to call for help.
PART 04
反身代词
一、反身代词构词法
数 人称
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
a. 作动词或介词的宾语。
b. 作主语或宾语的同位语。
C. 含有反身代词的常见短语:
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
by oneself 独自
teach oneself 自学
talk / say to oneself 自言自语think
of oneself 考虑自己
help oneself to … 请随便吃点……
lose oneself in … 沉迷于……
dress oneself 给自己穿衣服
introduce oneself 介绍自己
make oneself at home 别拘束;随便
hurt oneself 伤到自己
一、用适当的反身代词或介词完成句子
1. My friends had a nice time in London. They enjoyed ___________ very much.
2. He never thinks about others. He only thinks about __________.
3. She makes all her clothes __________.
4. Simon, did you paint the room __________?
5. We cleaned the room ______________.
6.Help ____________ (you) to some vegetables, Jim and Jack.
7. Bad luck! I cut _______ with a knife yesterday.
1. themselves 2.himself 3.herself 4.yourself 5.ourselves 6.yourselves 7.myself
二、介词
1.方位介词用法
(1)In 表示在……的里面。
如:in the class;in the desk. 注意:在书上,在图画上,虽然我们中文说的 是“上”,但英文表达中都需要用 in the book;in the picture.
(2)On 表示在……的上面;通常是与物体接触的上面。
如:on the desk;on the table.
(3)behind 表示在……的后面。
如: behind the door;behind the wall,指的是在整个物体的后面,有时有藏在后面的意思。
如果指在物体内部的后面,表示在……的后部,则不用这个词。
(4)In front of / in the front of表示在……的前面。
注意:加the的短语表示在一个物体内部的前面。
如:he teacher is teaching in the front of the classroom.
(5)in the tree/ on the tree都可以表示在树上。
但如果是长在树上的东西,用介词on,而如果不是树上本身长的东西则用in。
如:There is an apple on the tree. There is a bird in the tree.
(6)in the middle of 在……的中间/中心。
如:There is a boat in the middle of the river.
(7)under 表示在某物垂直的正下方,两者之间不接触。
例如: under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下
(8)above在……上方,高于……;below在……下方,低于……, below和above互为反义词。如:
The plane flies above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞。
(9) next to紧靠着; beside / by / near在旁边;在附近。如:
The little girl sat next to her mother. 小女孩紧挨着妈妈坐着。
(10) between 在两者之间; among 在……(三者及以上)之间。如:
He is standing between you and me. 他站在你我之间。
He is standing among us. 他站在我们之间。
(11)over在……上方;under在……下方,under和over互为反义词。如:
There is a light over the desk. 书桌上方有一盏灯。
根据句意,用合适的方位介词完成句子或对话。
1. — Where is my cat, Mom?
—It is_________ your bed. You can get down to see it.
2. Hainan lies the south of China, and the south of Guangdong, too.
3. Clair and Jane usually stand_________ their parents, and their parents are in the middle of them.
4. I can see a beautiful picture_________ the wall of our new house.
5. The boy sat_________ a tall man, so he couldn’t see the film clearly.
6. She will leave her homework _______ the teacher’s desk after school tomorrow.
7. Mr. smith lives_________ that building. His house is_________ the fourth floor.
8. You can put the keys_________ your bag.
1.under 2.in to 3.between 4.on 5.behind 6.on 7.in on 8.
9. There is a dog_________ the bus, so the driver can’t move on.
10. There are a lot of differences_________ the two cities.
11.Sun is very happy. There is a big smile his face.
12.You must ride your bike the right side of the road.
13.A ship was passing a bridge.
14.Two plane flew the city just now.
15.The twins usually stand their parents, and their parents are_______ the middle.
9.in front of 10.between 11.on 12.on 13.through 14. over 15.in front of in
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