专题02 阅读理解30篇（说明文&议论文） （内蒙古专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中真题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解30篇（说明文&议论文） 考查范围：主题、语篇范围 题号 难度 知识点 对应阅读理解CD篇 1 适中 科普知识 ,发明与创造 ,说明文 2 适中 动物,科普知识 ,说明文 3 适中 健康饮食 ,说明文 4 适中 科学技术 ,说明文 5 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 6 适中 说明文,艺术家 7 较易 体态语,说明文 8 适中 说明文,可持续农业 9 容易 食物与饮料 ,发明与创造 ,说明文 10 适中 动物,科普知识 ,说明文,直接理解,逻辑推理,目的意图,标题判断 11 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 12 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,人与环境 13 较难 中国文化与节日 14 适中 动物,科普知识 ,说明文 15 适中 科学技术 ,说明文,航空航天 16 适中 学校生活,说明文 17 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 18 适中 人与动植物,环境保护,说明文 19 适中 阅读 ,说明文 20 适中 科学技术 ,说明文 21 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,直接理解,逻辑推理,标题判断,指代猜测 22 适中 音乐与舞蹈,科学技术 ,说明文 23 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 24 适中 社会问题与社会现象,政治政策,说明文 25 适中 人与动植物,环境保护,说明文 26 较易 外国文化与节日,旅游观光,说明文 27 适中 说明文,航空航天 28 适中 科普知识 ,议论文 29 较易 社会问题与社会现象,说明文 30 适中 信息技术 ,说明文,人工智能 （一） （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特市回民区·期中）Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds (化合物) that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely. The desert in Arizona is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration (脱水) within three days unless he had one of Omar Yaghi's next-generation water harvesters, who is a chemist at University of California, Berkeley. Although daytime humidity (湿度) is only about 10 percent, this rises to 40 percent at night, which means there's enough water in the atmosphere to support life — if it can be transformed into the liquid form. That's exactly what Yaghi's invention does. It's about the size of a small microwave oven, designed to suck water from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source. What makes it work is a special material called a MOF, which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules (分子) onto the surface of its internal small holes. Warm it up and you can get the water, and each harvester produces one third of a cup of pure drinking water. “A device about the size of a washing machine could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household,” says Yaghi. These crystalline (结晶的) groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surfaces. In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases. MOFs work thanks to their distinctive structures. In fact, one MOF about the size of a sugar cube has so many small holes that they would cover an area as large as six football fields. MOFs are also extremely stable, light and have many different uses: Their molecular structures can be varied to attract specific molecules. Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to give what it's holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced for various applications. 1．Why is the desert in Arizona mentioned in the second paragraph? A．To introduce water harvesters. B．To stress the importance of water. C．To show the severity of its condition. D．To express the urgent need for water there. 2．What plays a vital role in water harvesters? A．Solar energy. B．Water molecules. C．Metal-organic frameworks. D．Internal small holes. 3．Which can explain the underlined phrase “cling to” in Paragraph 4? A．Refer to. B．Tend to. C．Hold on to. D．Turn into. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The introduction to the MOF technology. B．The future of the MOF technology. C．The improvement to the MOF technology. D．The functions of the MOF technology. （二） （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特市回民区·期中）The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are playing out. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve in response to warming. Birds are often considered sentinel（哨兵）species — meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem — so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course. For the new study, researchers collected the biggest dataset so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall declined, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost substantial weight, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings. Because of the study's long time series and large sample sizes, the authors were able to show the morphological（形态学的）effects of climate change on resident birds. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate（散发）more heat faster than a bigger animal. Less available food, such as fruit or insects, in dryer weather might lead to smaller body size. 5．Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds? A．They have small body sizes. B．They are sensitive to hot weather. C．They live in an undisturbed rainforest. D．They are ecological balance indicators. 6．What can we learn from the new study? A．A third of species have been extinct for a decade. B．36 species lost 2%of their body weight every year. C．Two-thirds of species showed a considerable decrease in weight. D．About 26 species responded to climate change with longer wings. 7．The passage most probably comes from? A．A news report B．An autobiography C．An academic article D．A nature magazine 8．What would probably the researchers further study? A．Why it is easier for smaller animals to keep cool. B．What effects the wing length changes have on birds. C．Why the Amazonian birds have lost substantial weight. D．Whether bird species in North America will be extinct in 2100. （三） （23-24高二下·内蒙古名校联盟·期中）Is there any such thing as a salt tooth? We are familiar with a sweet tooth, along with the negative effects of sugar. We are broadly aware of the disadvantages of too much salt, including high blood pressure, which puts pressure on the blood vessels (血管), the heart and the kidneys. It can also lead to water retention (水肿). But we don’t tend to police how much salt we eat — at least, not as rigorously as with sugar — or question whether we are just paying attention to our bodies, which require some salt for muscles to work properly, or we are being controlled by a strong urge. A salt tooth is quite unlike a sweet tooth. It doesn’t create an appetite for itself at the hormone level. But salt does make our taste buds (味蕾) get used to it, so that the more you eat, the more you need to get the same salty hit. This is why chefs can get heavy-handed with it. As Sam Bloom, a nutritional therapist, explains, “What is generally more concerning is the fat that is used together with salt, like salty crisps, fries and fast food. Ready meals are often the worst for hidden salts. Anything that adds flavor that isn’t a spice or herb will probably have salt added to it and can make you want to eat more because it tastes good. The salt and fat combination in these foods is what causes problems with cholesterol (胆固醇). The salt that people add to a meal is much less concerning.” Nutritionists’ suggestion is convincing: When the desire for salt hits, avoid going straight for salty snack foods such as crisps and instead ensure you are well hydrated. Seek out whole foods, such as olives and leafy greens. These foods will help you alleviate the desire for salt, which may often be due to a desire for nutrient-rich food. 9．What does the underlined word “rigorously” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Generally. B．Strictly. C．Largely. D．Pleasantly. 10．Why is salt different from sugar according to paragraph 2? A．Salt attracts chefs. B．Salt gets people adapted. C．Salt can change hormone level. D．Salt generates a special appetite. 11．What is Sam Bloom’s attitude towards ready meals? A．Objective. B．Approving. C．Negative. D．Ambiguous. 12．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Ways of seeking out whole food. B．Reasons for getting the desire for salt. C．Attitudes towards seeking for nutrient food. D．Approaches to relieving the eagerness for salt. （四） （23-24高二下·内蒙古名校联盟·期中）Italian diver and gardener Sergio Gamberini decided to see if he could grow vegetables in a plastic balloon underwater. The experiment was a success—so he decided to dive deeper into the world of underwater agriculture. Today, Gamberini is the founder of a company using “biospheres” off the coast of Italy to grow a variety of plants, introducing the world to a new type of agriculture. The company’s six “biospheres” are air-filled plastic balloons about two meters wide. Each is fixed to the seabed by chains so that it sits between 15and 36 feet below sea level. The biospheres are equipped with cameras and sensors that allow researchers in the company to monitor CO2 levels, humidity, temperature, and more from a control tower on the shoreline. There’s also a device to communicate with divers in the biospheres. Solar panels (太阳能电池板) on the roof of the control tower power the fans that create airflow inside the biospheres, and because the temperature inside and outside the biospheres is consistent, there’s no need to expend energy on the heating or cooling systems needed for traditional greenhouses. The underwater garden doesn’t require pesticides (杀虫剂) since bugs can’t reach the plants, and though more research is needed, the company notes on its website that the higher-pressure conditions underwater appear to help plants grow more quickly. The company is now ready to shift from the research phase of development to optimizing (优化) its biospheres for industrialization, with the goal of expanding them off coastlines around the world. To achieve the aim, the startup is now taking advantage of “digital twin” technology to precisely simulate (模仿) every aspect of its underwater garden. Even with all the optimization potential offered by technology, Gamberini admits it’s hard to imagine the produce grown in his startup’s biospheres ever competing financially with traditionally grown crops. Still, he hopes the system’s sustainability will be enough to draw customers. 13．What does Gamberini’s company use “biospheres” mainly for? A．Doing scientific research on marine life. B．Creating a habitat for underwater animals. C．Monitoring climate change effects on coastal regions. D．Growing different types of plants through underwater agriculture. 14．How is the temperature maintained inside the biospheres? A．By temperature regulation by divers. B．By advanced heating and cooling systems. C．By solar panels on the roof of the control tower. D．By natural climate conditions of underwater environment. 15．What can we infer about Gamberini’s company? A．It has little negative influence on the environment. B．It negatively affects ocean biodiversity. C．It leads to much use of pesticides. D．It contributes to climate change. 16．What is the best title for the text? A．Grow Plants Under the Sea B．The Creative World of Keeping Animals C．Explore the Depths of Underwater Farming D．The Challenge of Growing Greens Underwater （五） （23-24高二下·内蒙古自治区赤峰市红山区赤峰第四中学·期中）When researchers found a hummingbird with shiny gold feathers on its throat in Peru’s Cordillera Azul National Park, they thought it was a newly discovered species. After conducting a DNA analysis of the bird, researchers made a surprising discovery that it was a hybrid that resulted from two related pink hummingbird species. However, they found the gold-throated hummingbird wasn’t the result of an even genetic split(分离). Since it’s rare for hummingbirds of the same species to have such wildly different throat feathers, the researchers dived deeper into the mystery of the gold feathers on the hybrid species. “It’s a little like cooking: If you mix salt and water, you kind of know what you’re gonna get, but mixing two complex recipes together might give more unpredictable results,” said study coauthor Chad Eliason, Field Museum senior research scientist, in a statement. “This hybrid is a mix of two complex recipes for a feather from its two parent species.” The base color of feathers comes from pigment(色素), but feather cell structure and the way light reflects off the feathers create structural color. It is this structural color that generates the colourful nature of hummingbird feathers. The researchers hope their work inspires others to keep an eye out for potential hybrid species of hummingbirds, Mauro, a curator of birds at Chicago’s Field Museum said. “New tools like genetic data open up new understanding of how these events happen across geography and time,” Mauro said. “One question we want to look into in the region in Peru where this study was done is how this complex foothill landscape has evolved through time and what role those changes have played in diversification of birds and other organisms.” 17．What can we know about the gold-throated hummingbird? A．It is a foreign species. B．Its feathers reflect off more light. C．It is a relative to known species. D．Its throat is different in structure. 18．Why does the study coauthor mention “cooking” in paragraph 2? A．To introduce a topic. B．To give an example. C．To present an issue. D．To explain a phenomenon. 19．What directly results in hummingbirds’ colourful feathers? A．The base color. B．The pigment. C．The feather cell structure. D．The structrual color. 20．What is the writer likely to write about after the last paragraph? A．Where the study is carried out. B．How new tools are used in the research. C．The role of landscape changes in birds’ evolution. D．The method of identifying the gold-throated hummingbird. （六） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗箭桥中学·期中）Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881—1973 ) was one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. It was said that everything his brush touched turned to gold. But in truth, his works could be worth more than any precious metal. Picasso created more than 20,000 works in his life, including two of the world's 10 most expensive paintings. Between 1907 and 1913, Picasso and his colleague Georges Braque started a revolution(革命) in painting. Before that, paintings were like windows—they were painted to look as if they had depth. You could tell which objects were "close" to you and which objects were "far away". But Picasso and Braque didn't want to paint like that any more. To them, a painting wasn't a window to the world; it was marks and lines on a flat surface. Why, they thought, should an object like a guitar be shown only from one angle (角度)? A guitar can look very different depending on which angle one looks at it from. Their answer was to show all the angles. They broke the guitar up into pieces. Their style of painting is called cubism (立体主义). But why did they feel such a need to change things? Well, the world around them was changing, too. Science was turning people's ideas upside down. Albert Einstein's theory proved that what we knew about time and space was wrong. The world was becoming different; artists needed to start seeing and painting it differently. The famous and terrifying painting Guernica (1937) shows a terrible scene during the Spanish Civil War. In the painting, you can actually see the sky falling. Picasso couldn't have painted it without the skills he learned during his cubist period. Breaking a guitar up into pieces was his preparation for showing the world being blown to pieces. 21．What is mainly discussed about Picasso in this article？ A．The high price of his paintings. B．His difficulties in career. C．The popularity of his paintings. D．His achievements in art. 22．In what way did Picasso and Braque paint？ A．They painted objects with different depth. B．They made their paintings look like windows. C．They painted an object from different angles. D．They broke objects up into pieces and painted them. 23．What caused Picasso and Braque to start cubism？ A．Einstein's theory. B．The changing world. C．A broken guitar. D．Spanish Civil War. 24．Why did the author mention the painting Guernica？ A．To show the theme of Picasso's paintings. B．To express Picasso's anger at the war. C．To describe the preparations Picasso made before. D．To present the artistic effect of cubism. （七） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗箭桥中学·期中）If you want to succeed in life, you need to express the proper body language, with or without having to say anything else. You will certainly notice a whole new reaction from people if you use the power of body language. Relax your shoulders, keep your hands at your sides (never inside your pockets) and breathe slowly. Have a warm, welcoming facial expression as if you look forward to communicating. Depending on the situation, you may smile when appropriate. Face the other person or your audience and keep eye contact as much as possible throughout the talk. Nodding and tilting(倾斜) your head closer can show that you are listening. Do not fold your arms, look down at the floor or put your hands in your pockets. These can show that you are uninterested. If you have any comments, you can show them in negative but respectful ways like raising your eyebrows. A lot of your body language can show how confident, interested, bored, angry or nervous you are. Keeping your head up throughout the entire conversation can show that you are very much into the conversation at hand. You may feel free to use a few hand gestures to emphasize(强调) a point. If you’re enumerating things, it’s better to use each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track. Pacing will help you create more ground if you have a larger crowd to communicate with. It will also show confidence on your part as you think of more things to say. Be very careful when touching the other person since you are crossing the boundaries of body language through actual contact. Remember that in body language, it is your body that does the talking for you. 25．According to the text, if you find a listener raising his eyebrows, he may ________. A．try to show his anger B．want to give his own opinion C．not understand what you say D．want to prove his confidence 26．The underlined word “enumerating” in Paragraph 6 may mean “________”. A．considering B．judging C．numbering D．discussing 27．What’s the author’s suggestion if you have a larger crowd to communicate with? A．To walk at a slow pace. B．To shake hands with every person. C．To look down at the floor. D．To fold your arms. 28．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Power of Body Language B．The Attraction of Body Language C．The Origin of Body Language D．The Understanding of Body Language （八） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗箭桥中学·期中）Industrial agriculture is often held up as the solution to feeding the world’s growing population. But small farms of about 25 acres or less produce over 70 percent of the world’s food. To raise awareness of the contribution of these farmers, a global photo exhibition, We Feed the World, is to open on October 12 in London. “Industrial agriculture, which mainly focuses on a few types of crops, is not the only answer,” says art director Francesca Price. “We want these images to empower people to support their local food system.” By growing traditional and non-commercial varieties, small farms support biodiversity and increase food security. With only 12 plants and five animal species making up 75 percent of what the world eats, food systems will be easily hurt by natural disasters and disease outbreaks. However, traditional farming communities are working to preserve their ancient seed diversity. Keeping variety alive is very important in the face of climate change. In the future, researchers might need to get particular genes from one variety to help another to adapt to warmer, stormier, or drier weather, or to save a prized variety from disease. Contrary to the false impression held by the public, small farms that practise traditional agriculture can be highly productive. Studies show that the output of crops rises when there’s a wider diversity of crops being grown on a farm, and money is saved since the need for harmful fertilizer and other chemicals is reduced. “The photographs of family farmers may tell just a few local stories, but the message is universal,” says photographer Cheryl Newman. “I hope that the images will leave viewers thinking deeply about where their food comes from and the impact it has on the world around us.” 29．What is the purpose of the photo exhibition? A．To help small farmers to sell their produce. B．To show the challenges faced by small farmers. C．To draw attention to small farmers’ contribution. D．To help farmers to fight against industrial agriculture. 30．What can we say about the industrial agriculture? A．It produces more food than small farms in total. B．It harms biodiversity and decreases food security. C．It has been competing unfairly with small farms. D．It is the only way to feed the world’s population. 31．Why is it important to preserve the traditional and non-commercial crops? A．Their genes are much better. B．Their output is much higher. C．They may help improve the other crops. D．They don’t need chemical fertilizers at all. 32．What is the text mainly about? A．The importance of traditional small farms. B．The problems with the industrial agriculture. C．The consequences of fast-growing population. D．The impact of climate change on agriculture. （九） （23-24高二下·内蒙古通辽市科尔沁左翼中旗实验高级中学·期中）What will restaurants look like in the future? What would your dinner taste like if a robot cooked it? A robot restaurant in Tianjin may give you the answers. Covering an area of over 400 square meters with a total of 112 seats, the X Future Restaurant is a robot restaurant that opened in November 2018. The restaurant has amazed customers with its fully-automated (全自动的) technology, which covers every step of the dining experience, from ordering to cooking to serving the dishes and even taking payment. Entering the restaurant, one can order dishes by simply scanning the QR codes on the table. There are over 40 choices of dishes. After taking the order, “robot cooks” prepare dishes using fixed time, temperature and ingredients designed by famous Chinese cooks. “As the cooking is controlled by a computer system, the taste and quality of dishes can be good,” said Li Xiaokui, manager of the X Future Restaurant. Robots also complete the delivery of dishes. Without following any designed route, the robot waiters serve meals thanks to automated driving technology, which helps each robot timely change its route when something is in the way. These eye-catching technologies have received wide praise from customers. “The dishes taste surprisingly good. I couldn’t believe that they were made by robots, especially dishes that were difficult to cook.” one customer said. “The application of robots has increased our efficiency and cut down our costs,” Li said, “I think robot restaurants will develop fast and have a bright future.” 33．What do we know about the X Future Restaurant? A．It covers over 112 square meters with 400 seats. B．Robot waiters deliver dishes following fixed routes. C．Customers could enjoy fully-automated services. D．Robot cooks design dishes by themselves. 34．What’s special about the dishes in the X Future Restaurant? A．They are prepared by human cooks. B．They are not easy for robots to prepare. C．They are not accepted by customers. D．They are ordered by scanning QR codes. 35．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The choices of dishes are limited. B．It takes a long time for the robots to prepare the dishes. C．Customers are willing to dine in the restaurant. D．The delivery routes are designed by the waiters. 36．What is Li’s attitude toward the future of robot restaurants? A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Puzzled. D．Worried. （十） （23-24高二下·内蒙古通辽市科尔沁左翼中旗实验高级中学·期中）Dog owners walked about 23minues longer each day than non-dog owners In a new study, dog owners took 2,760 additional seps—compared to people who didn’t have a dog at home. Bu here’s the real good news: That extra exercise was done at a moderate（适度的）pace, which means it could help adults meet their recommended weekly totals for physical activity. The research, published in BMC Public Health, focused on adults 65 and older, who tend to be less active than younger people. The study included 43 dog owners and 43 non-dog owners, all of whom were monitored continuously for three week-long periods. When they compared the two groups, the researchers found that dog ownership was associated with a large, potentially health-improving effect. Dog owners walked about 23 minutes longer each day than non-dog owners, 119 minutes versus 96 minutes on average. They also took an additional 2,760 steps, and had eight fewer continuous periods of sitting down. Most of that extra walking was done at moderate pace, defined as 100 or more steps a minute. Dog owners walked at this pace for 32 minutes a day, versus just 11 minutes a day for non-dog owners. The World Health Organization（WHO）recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of physical activity a week. This increased walking time alone could just about satisfy that requirement, say the researchers—so it makes total sense that 87 percent of dog owners in the study met these guidelines, versus just 47 percent of non-dog owners. Co-author Nancy Gee says that pet ownership may help older adults get more activity or maintain their current activity level for a longer period of time. “This could improve their chances of a better quality of life, improved or maintained cognition（认知）, and perhaps, even overall longevity（寿命）,”she said. Here at Health, we’ ll add that caring for pets has been shown to have plenty of other physical and mental health benefits, as well. As animal lovers ourselves, we’ re happy to add one more to the list. 37．What can we learn about the research？ A．It was targeted on old people. B．It was sponsored by the WHO. C．It had an undesirable effect on dog owners. D．It took the mental health of dog owners into consideration. 38．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3？ A．To present the results of the research. B．To show the guidelines of the research. C．To describe the process of doing the research. D．To explain the reasons for conducting the research. 39．What does Nancy Gee think of owning a dog? A．It is too expensive. B．It is time-consuming. C．It enables older adults to live a healthy life. D．It helps young adults to keep a healthy routine. 40．What is the best title for the text? A．Non-pet owners enjoy more pleasure B．Animal lovers are more generous C．Young people walk less today D．Dog owners walk way more （十一） （23-24高二下·内蒙古通辽市科尔沁左翼中旗实验高级中学·期中）Plants are vital to human survival, even when there’s no sunlight. But keeping your houseplants alive in window-less rooms or in shadowy corners can be a challenge. Luckily, there are ways to help your plants stay energetic, even when their sunny source of energy is limited. Grow lights provide an easy and accessible energy increase in dim or black spaces. These specialized beams (光线) have different features, colors, and prices. LEDs, for instance, are the cheapest and most energy-efficient option. While most devices stick to a warm white light, plants respond differently to various illuminating colors. Scientist Levine has made two creative experiments. Under gravity, red light worked well for the slim flowering plants Arabidopsis (拟南芥). But in the weightless environment, they stretched into funny shapes until he started adding blue lights. He eventually found a middle ground and put the plants in green light. If electricity is a limiting factor, you can try to reflect light with mirrors. Even brightening up your space with white decorations, like a light-colored tablecloth, will cast a little glow over your plants. While it’s not comparable to using a grow light or the sun, it could offer plants extra power. Some plants, including tomatoes, need more light than those like Arabidopsis; new seedling s need less light than fully-grow n plants. As you choose your seeds and seedlings, research their native ranges to learn how much sunshine they’d naturally get. Plants are finally adaptable. They can stretch their stems toward available light sources or produce extra chlorophyll (叶绿素), which absorbs available cold light. Even though they may not be getting all the light that they would like for optimum (最适宜的) growth, they’ll still grow. With only a little extra help, you and your plants can overcome the darkness. 41．What is the purpose of using grow lights? A．To change the color of the plants. B．To provide an energy boost in dim spaces. C．To create a decorative effect in the room. D．To help plants grow in weightless environments. 42．What did Levine discover about the effect of different light colors in experiments? A．Plants grew best under red lights without gravity. B．Blue lights caused plants to grow funny shapes. C．Green lights were the best choice for plants without gravity. D．Plants preferred warm white lights in all situations. 43．How can you help plants get extra energy without using electricity? A．By putting the metal in the soil. B．By adding more fertilizer to their soil. C．By decorating some reflective objects. D．By pouring some chemical liquid. 44．Who is the passage written for? A．Plant scientists and researchers. B．Indoor decorators and designers. C．Farmers planning to grow crops in low-light conditions. D．Individuals looking to improve their indoor gardening skills. （十二） （23-24高二下·内蒙古自治区通辽市科尔沁区通辽市第一中学·期中）“If you look up in the sky, you probably see, at some point, a plane. And behind that plane are white lines. And that’s what we call contrails(航迹云),” said Mare Stettler, an Imperial College London engineer. It’s believed that planes account for about 3 percent of the climate-changing carbon dioxide release we add to the atmosphere and are warming the planet in another way. Contrails are made up of ice crystals(冰晶) that form when plane engines release exhaust that hits the cold air. The ice crystals reflect incoming light from the sun back into space, which has a cooling effect on the atmosphere. But contrails also stop heat coming up from the ground from escaping into space. It’s reflected back down toward the ground. And so that’s a warming effect. Stettler said, “On balance, contrails warm the atmosphere more than they cool it. And that’s primarily because the cooling effect due to reflecting of sunlight can only happen during the day when the sun’s shining, while the warming effect due to trapping of outgoing heat happens all of the time. Some contrails can form clouds that last for up to 18 hours. During that time, they spread out, trapping even more heat. This process allows contrails to warm the earth about as much as the carbon dioxide release from planes.” “By changing the altitude only by a couple of thousand feet, either up or down, it would no longer form a contrail. And so what we found in the study was that by changing the altitude of less than 2 percent of flights, we could actually eliminate just under 60 percent of the warming effect due to contrails,” added Stettler. This improved understanding of how to manage contrails presents an opportunity for the airline industry to reduce its global environmental impact. 45．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By asking questions. B．By quoting someone’s words. C．By presenting examples. D．By listing comparative statistics. 46．What do we know about contrails? A．They can warm and cool the atmosphere. B．They are formed by the reflection of sunlight. C．They do more good than harm to the atmosphere. D．They hardly cause the cooling effect during the day. 47．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in the last paragraph mean? A．Break away from. B．Run out of. C．Get rid of. D．Put up with. 48．What is the main idea of the text? A．The release of carbon dioxide is increasing. B．Contrails are affecting the climate of the planet. C．The altitude of planes is linked to global warming. D．Clouds from plane exhaust are caused by global warming. （十三） （23-24高二下·内蒙古自治区通辽市科尔沁区通辽市第一中学·期中）The 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago in China to guide agricultural production. They also reflect China’s rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term. 49 Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, lively spring-like scenery starts blossoming: the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north and trees and grass turn green again. 50 In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall. At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. It’s the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day gets warmer. 51 During Rain Water period, extra care is needed to deal with a returning cold spell and humidity, which is the amount of water in the air. 52 It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children. The wet and humid weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen and stomach according to Chinese medical practice. 53 People in Beijing often eat porridge (粥) cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to resist cold and wet weather. Honey, dates and Chinese yam are also very good nourishment (营养) to put in the porridge. A．With Rain Water coming, insects become more active. B．A bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body. C．Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period to water the fields. D．According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil. E．The temperature in most of the basin areas increases quickly during Rain Water. F．One of the 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water. G．The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperature and wet weather. （十四） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰市第二实验中学·期中）Stress often occurs when humans have too much work or are in immediate danger. We communicate our stress to others through our behavior and physiological changes. Thus, stress can communicate information and even be useful for survival in certain situations. On the other hand, the massive spread of stress frequently leads to dangerous situations in groups, such as mass panic. However, not only humans, but also animals can experience and spread stress. This is the present research focus of Dr Hanja Brandl from the University of Konstanz. “It has been repeatedly shown that stress can be spread from one human to another,” Brandl says. “Often, a similarly strong physiological response is triggered, even though you have never experienced the stress yourself.” But what is known about stress among animals? Brandl concludes other animals in the group can be just as stressed as the friend who experienced something bad. Stress is evolutionarily deeply rooted and the process is similar in all vertebrates (脊椎动物). When are animals stressed? To be mentioned primarily are naturally occurring threats to which they are exposed, such as natural enemies. Human influences raise the level of stress. “Increasing changes in the habitat or noise and light pollution also have an impact as these massively influence the environment of the animals.” Brandl explains. “Animals are flexible and can adapt to situations. But at some point, the stress response—the adaptations that otherwise help animals better escape stressors like enemies—no longer gives them a survival advantage,” she adds. This not only endangers the animals’ health, but also changes the social structure of groups. “If we know how the underlying mechanisms (机制) work, we can better protect animals,” says Brandl. For humans, too, insights from the animal world are useful, she says. “With humans, we can’t measure the functionality of groups under stress well in natural scenes.” Therefore, Brandl is now continuing her studies. In the future, this will make it easier to respond to and help with the spread of stress in groups of people. 54．What can we learn about stress from paragraph 1? A．Stress is both good and bad. B．Group living. can easily cause stress. C．Each individual reacts differently to stressful situations. D．Poor communication is one of the biggest causes of stress. 55．What does the underlined word “triggered” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Ignored. B．Eased. C．Caused. D．Transformed. 56．What can humans do to help animals reduce stress? A．Supply food to them. B．Make them live in groups. C．Protect their habitat from being destroyed. D．Provide opportunities for them to practice their survival skills. 57．From which is the text probably taken? A．A pet magazine. B．A news website. C．A book review. D．A technical forum. （十五） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰市第二实验中学·期中）It’s easy for consumers to buy food and drinks like a bowl of hot rice and coke online or from neighbourhood shops, but for astronauts such things were impossible in the past. Members of China’s Shenzhou manned space flight last year, however, were able to enjoy such food, thanks to Joyoung, a Chinese firm. Joyoung created a mobile space kitchen for the astronauts. A drinking water machine, an air heater and a soybean milk maker were all accessible in the kitchen through a smart app. Tang Hongbo, who was a member of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft said in the news that during his three-month trip, he could eat hot food with just half-hour efforts, a contrast to the past when similar attempts required several hours. “If we had time, we would also use equipment to eat homemade yogurt. We could also control the equipment in the space kitchen through mobile phone apps.” he said. In the past, most foods couldn’t be directly heated in a microwave oven in the space. Conduction equipment often caused uneven (不均匀的) heating. An astronaut had to spend as long as four hours to heat some vegetables in the space kitchen. To solve the problem, Joyoung has developed equipment that gives out hot air to heat vegetables in a 360-degree way. That enables astronauts to eat steaming-hot fish-flavoured pork and Gongbao chicken, a spicy, stir-fried Chinese dish. Besides Joyoung, a group of companies, including Xiaomi Coip and Huawei Technologies, have contributed their technologies to the development of the space station. A vacuum (真空) cleaner made haircuts on the spacecraft possible. NOLO VR, a Chinese virtual reality manufacturer, has helped astronauts develop an experimental equipment through which laboratory technicians on the ground can see and experience what astronauts are doing in space. 58．What do astronauts think of Joyoung’s mobile space kitchen? A．Water-saving. B．Energy-wasting. C．Time-saving. D．Money-wasting. 59．How does the author show the convenience on Shenzhou manned spacecraft? A．By making contrasts. B．By analyzing results. C．By providing pictures. D．By answering questions. 60．What does the last paragraph want to show? A．Jayoung needs to further its technology. B．What astronauts are doing is significant. C．Astronauts on board can do as they wish. D．There are more technologies for the spacecraft. 61．What is the best title of the text? A．The Hot Diet on the Space Station Needs to be Addressed B．Earth to Space, Firms Add Value by Creating Technology C．Modern Technology Brings Convenience to Human Beings D．Manufacturers Make Big Profits from Inventing Equipment （十六） （22-22高二下·内蒙古阿拉善盟第一中学·期中）Where in the classroom do you prefer to sit,and why? Scientists have discovered that seating preference not only shows students’ personalities,but has a great influence on their school performance.Generally speaking,students show different attitudes depending on where they sit.Based on the research,scientists have developed a funnel-like(像漏斗的) model of “learning zones(区域)” to see the relationship between seating and active learning. In this model,the mouth of the funnel(A) is the best position for learning.Students in this front area prove to be the most active learners.They show a greater desire(渴求) for learning,which leads them to focus(集中注意力) better and take a more active part than the rest of the class.Those in the neck of the funnel(B) don’t pay the same close attention,but they ask a lot of questions,partly because of the added confidence they feel from being in a safe zone,with others around them.Less desirable is the area “outside the funnel(C,D),” which refers to the side and the back rows,where students take a less active part in classroom activities and find it hard to focus their attention,falling asleep at times. Studies about learning zones suggest that a change in traditional seating plans can benefit students.In fact,a growing number of teachers have begun less traditional seating plans,such as “U-Type”.There are no side and back areas,so teachers can expect their students to take part in activities more actively and increase student-teacher interaction(互动). 62．According to scientists, students’ learning is greatly influenced by________. A．the number of students B．the time of class C．seating positions D．the size of the classroom 63．What advantage do the students sitting in Area B over those in Area C,D? 　　　. A．sometimes fall asleep B．feel safe and confident C．seldom ask their teachers questions D．try to avoid looking directly at the teacher 64．Which of the following is TRUE according to studies in the last paragraph? A．An increasing number of teachers have started to use traditional seating plans. B．Changing the traditional seating plans can be beneficial to students. C．U-type is better than funnel-like model of “learning zones” . D．If there are no side and back areas, students must be more active in learning. 65．From which is the text probably taken? A．An education magazine B．An advertisement C．A life newspaper D．A science textbook （十七） （23-24高二下·内蒙古科尔沁右翼前旗第二中学·期中）Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your cart without even realizing it. Grocery store design is a carefully crafted art from both psychological and marketing standpoints, according to Reeves Connelly, who studied architectural design at the Pratt Institute. He explained there is a specific reason why fruit and vegetables are often located at the front of the store, “You’ll grab the fruits and vegetables first and then hopefully feel less guilty about buying junk food later on.” Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases. There’s also a reason why you often feel lost in local supermarkets. Shockingly, they move things around. Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to confuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.” “Their little tricks always work on me,” one regular shopper admits, “I walk in to get three things and end up spending $300; that’s why I hate grocery shopping,” he said. On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared. “I’ve started having my groceries delivered. If I have to go to the store, I never grab a cart. If I can’t carry it, I’m not buying it,” he added. 66．What is the purpose of the supermarket layout? A．To encourage healthy lifestyle. B．To save consumers’ shopping time. C．To provide multiple goods for choice. D．To promote non-essential consumption. 67．What does the underlined word “practice” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Distributing junk food in different areas. B．Putting milk and eggs at the back of aisles. C．Rearranging products in supermarkets regularly. D．Placing fruit and vegetables at the front of the store. 68．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Shopping baskets are better than heavy carts. B．Most shoppers are trapped in marketing tricks. C．Grocery delivery can help improve supermarket sales. D．Taking a shopping list can be a smart move to avoid impulse buying. 69．Where is this text most likely from? A．A business magazine. B．A psychology report. C．A research paper. D．A shopping guidebook. （十八） （23-24高二下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔市第一中学·期中）More and more birds are flying to settle in Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of the local government. Covering an area of over 4,000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the country’s biggest salt lake. Located in Qinghai Province of Northwest China, the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest point — Cormorant Island and Egg Island. The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various fish, offering rich food sources to birds. The islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called “Bird Islands”. Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (高原) start to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs. During the months, flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and bird eggs can be found everywhere. Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away. These have become a world-famous symbol of the lake. To protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China set up the Qinghai Lake National Natural Reserve at the end of1997. Meanwhile, the State has pointed out that the Bird Islands and Spring Bay of Qinghai Lake were central reserves. Inspectors and conservators often patrol (巡逻) the lake, enriching local residents’ knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors. They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds. At the same time, they have built special fences around the island area to prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorous animals, as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds’ building nests, laying eggs and breeding (繁殖). As a result, more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding. 70．Why are more and more birds coming to the biggest salt lake in Northwest China? A．Because it is getting warmer and warmer. B．Because it is being reformed. C．Because the environment is getting more agreeable to them to live in. D．Because the people there are becoming richer and richer. 71．What do the birds feed on? A．Floating fish and various grass. B．Grass growing in the water and different kinds of fish. C．Salt water and plenty of grains. D．Corn from the local farmers. 72．According to the passage, we can infer that ______. A．over 20 kinds of birds come to the Bird Islands before March B．flocks of birds fly up to the whole sky over the islands to lay eggs C．visitors can see the birds from miles away D．the government has taken many measures to protect the district 73．This passage is most probably taken from ______. A．a newspaper B．a document C．a storybook D．a science book （十九） （23-24高二下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔市第一中学·期中）Libraries are romantic places. The romance is that of reading, and the wealth of human imagining and learning that is contained in them. Access to the knowledge and literary art (poetry, fiction, drama) in a library is precious and particularly valuable to young minds and people of any age with an interest in education. It would be hard to find anyone who actively objects to libraries. But when it comes to reality, Britain’s libraries are on less solid ground. The number of books borrowed in the year ending in March 2021 was 72.9 million, down 56% on the previous year. Physical visits also collapsed (崩溃), from 214.6 million to 59.7 million. Of course, this is the behavior that one would expect during a pandemic. Many libraries were closed during this period, while people were discouraged from unnecessary mixing. Book sales climbed to their highest in a decade in 2021, which suggests that some former users of libraries may have bought books instead. Private libraries at home, whether large collections or single bookshelves, appear to be developing well. But the hope must be that visits and loans at public libraries will soon return to their former level too. Like any other service, libraries need users. And while booksellers might in one sense be regarded as competitors, in fact the vast majority of those participating in the trade, from publishers to poets, are library lovers. This has something to do with the romantic idea of the reader as explorer, with every book a door to a new store of feeling or understanding. But it also involves the recognition that if books are to form part of our life, there must be space in public for them. Books can be treasured personal properties, but there is also something special about a copy that arrives in your hands having passed through those of others and that will go on being passed between strangers who share your curiosity. 74．What has happened to British libraries? A．They have been in a bad state. B．They have become romantic places. C．They have got great attraction for artists. D．They have suffered great loss of users. 75．What has led to development of the private home libraries? A．People avoid close contact in public. B．Many libraries have been pulled down. C．People have access to affordable books. D．More people are against public libraries. 76．What does the author try to convey in the last paragraph? A．Books are precious personal belongings. B．Libraries are a magic heaven for explorers. C．Books should be attached importance to. D．Libraries contribute to human connection. 77．What is the main idea of the text? A．Libraries will gradually fade out of stage. B．Libraries will still hold a promising future. C．Booksellers benefit from libraries’ collapse. D．The pandemic has promoted British book sales. （二十） （23-24高二下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔市第一中学·期中）Most online fraud (诈骗) involves identity theft. Passwords help. But many can be guessed. Newer phones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers often have strengthened security with fingerprint and facial recognition. But these can be imitated. That is why a new approach, behavioural biometrics (行为生物识别) is gaining ground. It relies on the wealth of measurements made by today’s devices. These include data from sensors that reveal how people hold their phones when using them, how they carry them and even the way they walk. Touchscreens, keyboards and mice can be monitored to show the unique ways in which someone’s fingers and hands move. These features can then be used to determine whether someone attempting to make a deal is likely to be the device’s habitual user. “Behavioural biometrics make it possible to identify an individual’s unique motion fingerprint,” says John Whaley, head of Unifyid, a firm in Silicon Valley that is involved in the field. When coupled with information about a user’s finger pressure and speed on the touchscreen, as well as a device’s regular places of use-as revealed by its GPS unit — that user’s identity can be pretty well determined. Used wisely, behavioural biometrics could be a great benefit. In fact, Unifyid and an unnamed car company are even developing a system that unlocks the doors of a vehicle once the pace of the driver, as measured by his phone, is recognized. Used unwisely, however, the system would become yet another electronic spy on people’s privacy, permitting complete strangers to monitor your every action, from the moment you reach for your phone in the morning, to when you throw it on the floor at night. 78．What is behavioural biometrics for? A．To identify network crime. B．To ensure network security. C．To track online fraud. D．To gather online data. 79．How does behavioural biometrics work? A．By offering and analyzing the operating system of devices. B．By spotting and revealing a device’s regular places of use. C．By restricting and detecting the access to an account of users. D．By monitoring and comparing the ways users interact with devices. 80．What’s the author’s attitude towards behavioural biometrics? A．Objective. B．Concerned. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 81．From which section of a magazine can this text possibly be taken? A．Health and wealth. B．Books and arts. C．Science and technology. D．Finance and economics. （二十一） （23-24高二下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔市第一中学·期中）A recent study suggests that vitamin D pills can help speed up the time taken for burns to heal, and prevent scarring(结疤). The vitamin, which is produced naturally in the body when the skin is exposed to sunshine, is believed to help protect against burning. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D pills help decrease redness and swelling after sunburn, and may be one of the reasons why the body produces the chemical. The research from Birmingham University, has found they may also help relieve other types of burn. Researchers monitored 38 patients who had suffered serious burns for a year and recorded their levels of vitamin D．They found that those with the highest levels of vitamin D had better wound healing and fewer scars. Professor Janet Lord said: “Low vitamin D levels were associated with worse results in burn patients including life-threatening infections(感染),death and delayed wound healing. Major burn injury severely reduces vitamin D levels and adding this vitamin back may be a simple, safe and cost-effective way to improve the condition for burn patients.” Professor Lord and her team are now focusing on finding out why there is a rapid loss of vitamin D in patients immediately following burn injury and hope that they may be able to prevent this in future. The amount of reduction in patients’ vitamin D levels was not related to the severity(严重程度) of the burn, so levels may also be decreased in minor burn injury, suggesting taking vitamin D pills could also help people with everyday burns. Public Health England now recommends that all Britons take vitamin D pills in the winter because it is impossible to make sufficient quantities in the darker months. 82．What does the new study find? A．People with low vitamin D levels get burned easily. B．Vitamin D helps with the recovery from burn injury. C．Vitamin D pills aid in reducing the swelling from burns. D．Vitamin D is more beneficial to serious burns than minor burns. 83．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．The severity of one's burn reflects his vitamin D levels. B．Vitamin D pills are more needed in the autumn months. C．Burn patients lacking vitamin D are at high risk of infection. D．Minor burns have no effect on patients’ vitamin D levels. 84．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The researchers. B．Vitamin D pills. C．Previous studies. D．Some kinds of vitamins. 85．Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A．Vitamin D: A Necessity for Our Health B．Vitamin D Pills: When Are They Needed? C．Vitamin D: How Much Does the Body Need? D．Vitamin D Pills: Heal Burns &. Prevent Scarring （二十二） （23-24高二下·内蒙古开鲁县第一中学、和林格尔县第三中学等区·期中）In the past, music recording was primitive. A recording engineer placed microphones in front of instruments. The producer pressed record and signaled the band to play. There was a human touch to recordings, and this way of recording gave rock music its raw edge. But here we are today. Complex and advanced audio software sits in every recording studio. The higher cost and greater practicality make creating digital music common. However, the modern recordings aren’t beneficial to a rock record. Let’s not forget, being in a band is laborious. You need like-minded musicians to rehearse for hours on end. Nowadays, this isn’t a necessity. Programming drums on a computer is as simple as filling cells on a spreadsheet, and there you have it, a drumbeat. Only a few professionals are aware that they aren’t listening to true live drums. Such tech is even accessible on your smartphone. Whether on a train or in a bedroom, you can create a full band track without a live band. What happened to rock music? With pop and hip hop dominating the charts, it feels like the time for bands is over. Is rock music really dying out? Is it really on its last legs, or are we just not trying hard enough? Artists, inspired by the great rock bands, seek to put their own spin on this classic genre. The spirit of rock music still remains. One singer mixed soul and rock while one band combined indie rock with elements of techno, both with underlying rock characteristics. The truth is that fresh rock bands are out there and you just need to dig deeper. A search through online music blogs shows a growing number of new rock bands. While rock bands are now not as popular as before and not receiving mainstream exposure, the flame still burns brightly. 86．Which words can best describe the past music recording? A．Underdeveloped and low-cost. B．Easy and time-saving. C．Demanding and complex. D．Digital and creative. 87．What makes programming drums easy in modern recording process? A．Low demands for music. B．Advanced audio software. C．Deep understanding of music. D．Help from professional musicians. 88．Why are one singer and one band mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To tell rock music has lost its original attraction. B．To show rock music may be presented in new styles. C．To stress rock music is no longer mainstream music. D．To compare rock music with some other kinds of music. 89．What can be the best title for the text? A．Is Rock Music Going Dead? B．Why Is Rock Music Disappearing? C．A New Kind of Music Is Emerging D．A Way of Recording Music Is Getting Accepted （二十三） （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特市剑桥中学·期中）Are you an “I person” or an “E person”? These two personality labels in particular are widely discussed online. They are part of a popular personality test called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI. There are 16 personalities in all, of which “I” and “E” refer to “introverted” and “extroverted”, respectively. Even if someone is typically quiet, many online discussions suggest that an “I person” can still act outgoing at times. For example, when an introverted person is with a group of introverted friends, they might become more social like an “E” person. According to psychologists, this idea of temporarily switching personalities is called “masking”. That is hiding your true personality in specific situations. “Human beings want to feel they belong, and they might become people-pleasers to do so,” wrote the MasterClass website. Thinking on this, I may actually be the kind of person that these people are discussing. Most times, I just wish to make the atmosphere more interesting and exciting and show people that I’m easy to get along with. But deep down, I mostly enjoy being alone and quiet. Using the MBTI result to identify and describe someone’s personality seems fun. However, I went too far at one time. My sister was excitedly making a day-to-day travel plan when I remembered from an article that a “P person” doesn’t like to make or stick to plans, so I said to her, “You don’t seem like a ‘P person’”. “Why?” she asked back. “Since when do I need to follow what my personality test tells me to do?” It was then that I realized that I’d taken the result too seriously. The MBTI personality test may show something you don’t know about yourself and can even be a fun ice-breaker question when meeting new friends. And that’s all it is—for fun. Knowing someone’s MBTI result doesn’t mean you really know this person. 90．An “I person” tends to ________. A．reflect on problems alone B．enjoy gatherings with friends C．be active in social situations D．try to chat with complete strangers 91．Why does an “I person” act like an “E person” sometimes? A．Because he/she wants to be like others. B．Because he/she needs a sense of belonging. C．Because he/she dislikes to embarrass others. D．Because he/she is actually an “E person” deep inside. 92．What does the writer mean by saying “I went too far” in paragraph 5? A．She pushed her sister too much. B．She failed to help her sister follow her plan. C．She believed blindly the result of the personality test. D．She discouraged her sister to make a detailed travel plan. 93．What does the writer think about the MBTI? A．It is supposed to be strictly followed. B．It tells you everything about your personality. C．It’s an interesting way to start a chat with a stranger. D．It’s a reliable approach to telling what type of people a person belongs to. （二十四） （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特市剑桥中学·期中）When opening certain mobile apps, users often find disruptive (有干扰性的) open-app advertisements that impact their experience. Open-app advertisements are advertisements that appear in between contents or during transition screens, such as when an app is loading the next page. Some of these advertisements can redirect users to another app if the phone is shaken, causing a lot of frustration for consumers. These open-app advertisements function as gateways and become more common during online shopping festivals, redirecting users to shopping platforms such as Taobao and JD．Most smartphones have a gyroscope sensor (陀螺仪传感器) to detect shaking, leading to unintentional redirection. Many users not only find it annoying to find themselves on an advertisements page, but also have trouble disabling the gyroscope feature since sometimes their phones lack the choice to do so to avoid this issue. In response, authorities have introduced detailed regulations on shaking advertisements gateways. A regulation published in December 2022 outlines specific rules for the design of “shake-to-open” advertisements. It says that these advertisements can only be “clicked through” if the phone’s rotation angle exceeds 35 degrees, with an action time longer than three seconds. Additionally, in February, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology emphasized that pop-up or open-app advertisements should not disrupt users’ experiences. A regulation introduced in May states that advertisements must include a clear button for users to close them. Government enforcement of these regulations presents challenges, as the number of apps and developers is great. However, this should not be an excuse for internet platforms to break the rules, as this behavior causes far more harm than good. A survey by the Jiangsu Consumer Council showed that over 90 percent of users strongly dislike open-app advertisements, feeling that their rights are being threatened. While these advertisements might lead to more clicks, the fact is that the advertisements may harm the credibility of the platforms that the advertisements lead to and weaken the users’ willingness to use the platforms. Platforms can achieve a mutually beneficial (互惠互利) solution only if they respect users’ choices and provide suitable advertisements that users are willing to accept. 94．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about concerning open-app ads? A．The benefits of open-app ads for online shopping platforms. B．The lack of regulations governing traditional advertising methods. C．The effectiveness of open-app ads in increasing users’ engagement. D．The negative impact of disruptive open-app ads on users’ experience. 95．What was regulated in December 2022 about “shake-to-open” ads? A．They can be clicked through without any restrictions. B．They can only be clicked through on certain conditions. C．They should have a clear button for users to close them. D．They should appear for only three seconds on the screen. 96．How can platforms reach a win-win solution as mentioned in the last paragraph? A．By ignoring users’ choices. B．By respecting users’ preferences. C．By presenting more irrelevant ads. D．By flooding users with more profitable ads. 97．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Preferences of Shopping Platforms. B．The Challenges of Online Shopping Festivals. C．The Role of Advertisements in Improving Users’ Experience. D．The Battle against Disruptive Advertisements on Mobile Apps. （二十五） （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特市剑桥中学·期中）Whether you call them feral pigs, boar, swine, hogs, or even razorbacks, wild pigs are one of the most damaging invasive species on Earth, and they’re infamous for damaging agriculture and native wildlife. A big reason they’re so harmful is that they uproot soil at vast scales, like tractors ploughing a field. Our new research, published recently, is the first to calculate the global extent of this and its effects on carbon emissions. Our findings were horrible. We discovered the total area of soil uprooted by wild pigs is likely the same area as Switzerland. This releases 4.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide each year the same as one million cars. The majority of these emissions occur in Oceania. A huge portion of Earth’s carbon is stored in soil, so releasing even a small part of this into the atmosphere can have a huge impact on climate change. It’s estimated that wild pigs destroy more than US$74 million worth of crops and grass each year in Australia, and more than US $270 million in just 12 states in the USA．Wild pigs have also been found to directly threaten 672 vertebrates (脊椎动物) and plant species across 54 different countries. This includes Australian ground frogs, tree frogs and multiple orchid species which are imperiled, as pigs destroy their habitats and hunt them for food. Their geographic range is expected to expand in the coming decades, suggesting their threats to food security and biodiversity will likely worsen. But here, let’s focus on their contribution to global emissions. One such study was conducted for three years in hardwood forests of Switzerland. The researchers found wild pigs caused soil carbon emissions to increase by around 23% per year. Similarly, a study in the Jigong Mountains National Nature Reserve in China found soil emissions increased by more than 70% per year in places disturbed by wild pigs. 98．Why are wild pigs unpopular according to the text? A．For their threat to humans. B．For their damaging effects. C．For their consuming too much food. D．For their bad effects on tractors. 99．What danger do wild pigs pose by uprooting soil? A．Leading to dry and acid soil. B．Damaging the source of drinking water. C．Increasing too much soil carbon emissions. D．Reducing the area of agricultural land greatly. 100．Which can replace the underlined word “imperiled” in paragraph 4? A．In pain. B．In alarm. C．In chaos. D．In danger. 101．What may be the best title for the text? A．The threat of wild pigs B．Wild pigs on a global scale C．A new problem faced by farmers D．The impact of emissions on climate change （二十六） （23-24高二下·内蒙古自治区第二地质中学·期中）Argentina lies in the South America. There are many festivals in Argentina during the year. Therefore, you can enjoy the different interesting festivals when traveling there. First of all, we should talk about the Tango (探戈) Festival inArgentina, which is held in the capital of this country — Buenos Aires, from February to March. You ought to know that Argentina is the home of tango, so Argentinians admire this dance very much. Even if you cannot dance perfectly, you should join the people and try to perform this dance. The next festival in Argentina is Open Polo (马球) Tournament. You should go to Palermo to see this festival in Argentina. This festival is held every year and is the most important polo tournament in Argentina.This kind of sport is considered the most important in Argentina. Attending this festival in Argentina, you will be able to communicate with different people and admire the fascinating competition between the teams of different countries, such as Argentina, England, Australia, as well as the US. This festival in Argentina is usually held between November and December every year. So don’t miss the opportunity if you travel to Argentina at this time. The other festival in Argentina is the Semana Musical Liao Liao. This is a festival of classical music. The festival was created in 1993 and is held at the Liao Liao Hotel, near Bariloche. The festival is held yearly in October. So if you admire this kind of music, you should travel toArgentina in October. There are also many carnivals in Argentina in summer. Of course, it’s impossible to put everything about festivals in Argentina into just one article. We hope that you have found this article interesting and eye-catching. 102．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Entertainments in Argentina B．Festivals in Argentina C．Travel to Argentina D．A brief introduction to Argentina 103．From the passage, we know that the Tango Festival . A．is organized by the government B．welcomes everyone to take part in it C．is held in summer D．holds parties for different dances 104．Which of the following is a sports festival? A．Open Polo Tournament. B．Every carnival in Argentina. C．The Tango Festival. D．The Semana Musical Liao Liao. 105．If Tom wants to enjoy a classical music event in Argentina, he should visit . A．Buenos Aires in spring B．Palermo in April C．Palermo in winter D．Bariloche in October （二十七） （23-24高二下·内蒙古自治区第二地质中学·期中）Scientists have not found any signs of life on Mars yet, but they say a robotic vehicle called “Curiosity” is helping them learn a lot about the planet’ s history and climate. Curiosity landed on Mars in August 2012 after travelling through space for more than eight months. It was sent to Mars by scientists from NASAin the United States. Curiosity is about the size of a car and has six wheels. It also has a robotic arm, cameras, and instruments that allow it to examine things it finds on the surface. Then it sends the information back to the earth.Curiosity' s main task is to find out if anything could live on Mars, either now or in the past. On Nov.2,NASA scientists held a press conference (新闻发布会) to discuss what Curiosit y had found in its first two months onMars. Curiosity has found soil that is similar to the sand formed by volcanoes (火山) on the earth. Scientists say that studying the minerals in Martian soil will help them understand what conditions were like on the planet in the past. Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth, where their rough edges have been worn down by water. Mars is very cold and dry now, but scientists say the smooth stones tell them that a river used to run through the place where they were found. Curiosity has been testing the atmosphere around Mars for a type of gas called methane (甲烷), but so fari t has not found any. On the earth, most methane is produced by plants or animals. Methane on Mars might indicate that some type of tiny plants or animals lived there. Curiosity is the fourth robotic vehicle to be sent to Mars. It will continue to explore the planet for about two years : 106．Which of the following descriptions about Curiosit y is TRUE? A．It landed on Mars in January 2012. B．It is small in size and has four arms. C．It took over eight months to arrive in Mars. V. S. D．It was sent to Mars by scientists from Russia. 107．According to the information sent back by Curiosity, scientists believe that . A．there’ s no air on Mars B．Mars is warm and wet now C．the soil on Mars is rich D．there used to be water on Mars 108．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to “ ”. A．smooth stones B．rivers C．robotic vehicles D．volcanoes 109．We know from the sixth paragraph that . A．some tiny animals once lived on Mars B．there are no plants or animals on Mars now C．the atmosphere around Mars is full of methane D．Curiosity is designed to test the atmosphere around the earth （二十八） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰二中·期中）When you think of a map, is north on the top or the bottom? Usually, maps are designed with north on top, though when we think about it, there is no logical reason for this bias (偏见). After all, there is no up or down in space. So what is wrong with south, east or west being on the top of the map? The answer is: nothing at all. In fact, north-up maps only became the norm in the last few hundred years. Ancient Egyptian maps had south at the top because the Nile River flows downhill from mountains in the south to the Mediterranean Sea in the north. Mecca was to the south of most early Muslim civilizations, and south-up maps were designed so that viewers would look up to see Mecca. Medieval Christian maps had east at the top, as they believed the Garden of Eden was in the east. The only early maps that had north at the top were those of early China because the emperor lived in the north. North seems to have settled at the top of maps during the 16th century, largely thanks to a Flemish mapmaker, Mercator. Mercator was a great admirer of an early Greek mapmaker, who, for reasons now unknown, put north at the top of maps, so Mercator did, too. When Mercator’s world map became the standard map to navigate the oceans, north up became standard as well. What is the implication of this north-view of the world? Psychologically, people tend to think of up as good and down as bad. Just think of words and phrases like “upmarket”, “upbeat” and “moving up in the world”, and how they contrast with their opposites. Because north is so consistently put at the top of maps, people now think of north as good, too. Several attempts have been made in recent years by introducing south-up maps to the market. These maps not only give us a chance to see the world differently, but also give everyone the chance to see themselves on top. 110．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．North-up maps were rare in ancient times. B．Deciding up or down in space is ridiculous. C．Mecca maps were based on a legend. D．The south-up map first appeared in ancient Egypt. 111．Why is north associated with good? A．An illogical reason. B．The spread of Mercator’s maps. C．People’s preference for up. D．An age-old tradition in Greece. 112．What is the author’s attitude to south-up maps? A．Cautious. B．Supportive. C．Uncaring. D．Disapproving. 113．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To criticize a phenomenon. B．To compare various facts. C．To correct a cultural bias. D．To argue for a viewpoint. （二十九） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰二中·期中）Proper questioning has become a lost art. The curious four-year-old asks a lot of questions-incessant streams of “Why?” and “Why not?“ might sound familiar-but as we grow older, our questioning decreases. In a recent survey of more than 200 of our clients, we found that those with children estimated that 70-80% of their kids’ dialogues with others were comprised of questions. But those same clients said that only 15-25% of their own interactions consisted of questions. Why the drop of? Think back to your time growing up and in school. Chances are you received the most recognition or reward when you got the correct answers. Later in life, that motivator continues. At work, we often reward those who answer questions, not those who ask them. Questioning conventional wisdom can even lead to being distanced, or considered a threat. Because expectations for decision-making have gone from ”get it done soon“ to ”get it done now“ to ”it should have been done yesterday, “ we tend to jump to conclusions instead of asking more questions. And the unfortunate side effect of not asking enough questions is poor decision-making. That’s why it’s vital that we slow down and take the time to ask more and better questions. At best, we’ll arrive at better conclusions. At worst we’ll avoid a lot of rework later on. Aside from not speaking up enough, many professionals don’t think about how different types of questions can lead to different outcomes. We should lead a conversation by asking the right kinds of questions, based on the problem we’re trying to solve. In some cases, we’ll want to expand our view of the problem rather than keeping it narrowly focused. In others, we may want to challenge basic assumptions or confirm our understanding in order to feel more confident in our conclusions. Therefore, asking the right kinds of questions is what counts in achieving a goal. 114．What does the underlined word ”incessant“ in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Constant. B．Random. C．Noisy. D．Innocent. 115．What accounts for the decline of questioning in adulthood? A．One poses a threat to the company if they ask questions. B．Those who ask questions don’t necessarily get positive feedback. C．One doesn’t have as many opportunities as they did in childhood. D．Those who question popular beliefs don’t have interpersonal skills. 116．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．Redoing is unavoidable despite thoughtful questions. B．Better questions can surely result in desirable outcomes. C．Some people think it can’t be too fast to make a decision. D．We’ll make reasonable decisions as long as we ask questions. 117．What might the author continue talking about? A．Proper questions that should be raised. B．Important goals that we are to achieve. C．Right kinds of answers to the questions. D．The reasons for the loss of questioning art. （三十） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰二中·期中）Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems. Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules. Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called “persona modulation (调节)”. Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently. There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. “If you’re forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is,” says Tagade. Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says. 118．What does the AI jailbreak refer to? A．The technique to break restrictions of AI models. B．The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models. C．The capability of AI models improving themselves. D．The process of AI models learning new information. 119．What can we know about the persona modulation? A．It can help AI models understand emotions. B．It prevents AI learning via online conversations. C．It can make AI models adopt a particular persona. D．It forces AI models to follow only good personas. 120．What is Yinzhen Li’s attitude towards LLMs? A．Unclear. B．Cautious. C．Approving. D．Negative. 121．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．LLMs: Illegal Learning Models B．LLMs: The Latest Advancement C．AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge D．AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Approach 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解30篇（说明文&议论文） 考查范围：主题、语篇范围 题号 难度 知识点 对应阅读理解CD篇 1 适中 科普知识 ,发明与创造 ,说明文 2 适中 动物,科普知识 ,说明文 3 适中 健康饮食 ,说明文 4 适中 科学技术 ,说明文 5 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 6 适中 说明文,艺术家 7 较易 体态语,说明文 8 适中 说明文,可持续农业 9 容易 食物与饮料 ,发明与创造 ,说明文 10 适中 动物,科普知识 ,说明文,直接理解,逻辑推理,目的意图,标题判断 11 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 12 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,人与环境 13 较难 中国文化与节日 14 适中 动物,科普知识 ,说明文 15 适中 科学技术 ,说明文,航空航天 16 适中 学校生活,说明文 17 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 18 适中 人与动植物,环境保护,说明文 19 适中 阅读 ,说明文 20 适中 科学技术 ,说明文 21 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,直接理解,逻辑推理,标题判断,指代猜测 22 适中 音乐与舞蹈,科学技术 ,说明文 23 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 24 适中 社会问题与社会现象,政治政策,说明文 25 适中 人与动植物,环境保护,说明文 26 较易 外国文化与节日,旅游观光,说明文 27 适中 说明文,航空航天 28 适中 科普知识 ,议论文 29 较易 社会问题与社会现象,说明文 30 适中 信息技术 ,说明文,人工智能 （一） （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特市回民区·期中）Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds (化合物) that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely. The desert in Arizona is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration (脱水) within three days unless he had one of Omar Yaghi's next-generation water harvesters, who is a chemist at University of California, Berkeley. Although daytime humidity (湿度) is only about 10 percent, this rises to 40 percent at night, which means there's enough water in the atmosphere to support life — if it can be transformed into the liquid form. That's exactly what Yaghi's invention does. It's about the size of a small microwave oven, designed to suck water from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source. What makes it work is a special material called a MOF, which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules (分子) onto the surface of its internal small holes. Warm it up and you can get the water, and each harvester produces one third of a cup of pure drinking water. “A device about the size of a washing machine could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household,” says Yaghi. These crystalline (结晶的) groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surfaces. In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases. MOFs work thanks to their distinctive structures. In fact, one MOF about the size of a sugar cube has so many small holes that they would cover an area as large as six football fields. MOFs are also extremely stable, light and have many different uses: Their molecular structures can be varied to attract specific molecules. Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to give what it's holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced for various applications. 1．Why is the desert in Arizona mentioned in the second paragraph? A．To introduce water harvesters. B．To stress the importance of water. C．To show the severity of its condition. D．To express the urgent need for water there. 2．What plays a vital role in water harvesters? A．Solar energy. B．Water molecules. C．Metal-organic frameworks. D．Internal small holes. 3．Which can explain the underlined phrase “cling to” in Paragraph 4? A．Refer to. B．Tend to. C．Hold on to. D．Turn into. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The introduction to the MOF technology. B．The future of the MOF technology. C．The improvement to the MOF technology. D．The functions of the MOF technology. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了金属-有机框架(MOFs)是一种化合物，旨在解决一些棘手的挑战：在沙漠中生产水，从空气中去除温室气体，以及更安全地储存危险气体。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The desert in Arizona is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration（脱水）within three days unless he had one of Omar Yaghi's next-generation water harvesters, who is a chemist at University of California, Berkeley.”（亚利桑那州的沙漠非常干燥。任何被困在沙漠里里没有水的人都会在三天内死于脱水，除非他有奥马尔·亚吉(Omar Yaghi)的下一代水收集器，他是加州大学伯克利分校的化学家。）可推知，第二段提到了亚利桑那州的沙漠是为了介绍水收集器。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“What makes it work is a special material called a MOF, which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules（分子）onto the surface of its internal small holes.”（使它起作用的是一种叫做MOF的特殊材料，它在常温下会把水分子吸引到内部小孔的表面上。）可知，一种成为有机框架(MOF)的特殊的材料，所以金属有机框架在水收集器中起着至关重要的作用。故选C项。 3．词义猜测题。根据第五段中“These crystalline（结晶的）groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surfaces.”（这些由有机分子连接的金属晶体群可以制成具有极高吸收能力的材料，吸引特定的分子到它们的表面。）由此可知，此处为通过这种方式，MOFs附着在各种液体和气体上。故可猜测划线短语cling to为“紧附，紧抓”的意思，结合选项C项Hold on to“抓住”意思一致。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）are compounds（化合物）that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely.”（金属-有机框架(MOFs)是一种化合物，旨在解决一些棘手的挑战：在沙漠中生产水，从空气中去除温室气体，以及更安全地储存危险气体。）可知，文章的主旨是MOF技术的介绍。故选A项。 （二） （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特市回民区·期中）The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are playing out. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve in response to warming. Birds are often considered sentinel（哨兵）species — meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem — so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course. For the new study, researchers collected the biggest dataset so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall declined, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost substantial weight, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings. Because of the study's long time series and large sample sizes, the authors were able to show the morphological（形态学的）effects of climate change on resident birds. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate（散发）more heat faster than a bigger animal. Less available food, such as fruit or insects, in dryer weather might lead to smaller body size. 5．Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds? A．They have small body sizes. B．They are sensitive to hot weather. C．They live in an undisturbed rainforest. D．They are ecological balance indicators. 6．What can we learn from the new study? A．A third of species have been extinct for a decade. B．36 species lost 2%of their body weight every year. C．Two-thirds of species showed a considerable decrease in weight. D．About 26 species responded to climate change with longer wings. 7．The passage most probably comes from? A．A news report B．An autobiography C．An academic article D．A nature magazine 8．What would probably the researchers further study? A．Why it is easier for smaller animals to keep cool. B．What effects the wing length changes have on birds. C．Why the Amazonian birds have lost substantial weight. D．Whether bird species in North America will be extinct in 2100. 【答案】5．D 6．D 7．C 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化如何影响亚马逊的留鸟及其进化。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Birds are often considered sentinel（哨兵）species — meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem — so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change.”（鸟类通常被认为是哨兵物种，这意味着它们表明了生态系统的整体健康状况，因此科学家们对它们如何应对气候变化特别感兴趣。）可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟类是因为它们是生态平衡的指标。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For the new study, researchers collected the biggest dataset so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019.”（在这项新研究中，研究人员收集了迄今为止最大的亚马逊留鸟数据集，代表了77种非候鸟，从1979年到2019年持续了40年。）以及“Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings.”（同时，所有物种的平均体重都有所下降，而三分之一的物种的翅膀变长了。）可知，大约有26种物种用更长的翅膀来应对气候变化，计算方法是77×1/3≈26。故选D项。 7．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are playing out.   Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve in response to warming.”（亚马逊雨林，和大多数人想象的一样，是一个未受干扰的地方，但即使在那里，气候变化的影响正在显现。现在，研究表明，该地区许多最敏感的鸟类物种正开始进化以应对气候变暖。）可知，这篇文章是科教类文章，主要介绍了气候变化对鸟的影响。由此可推知，文章可能来自一篇学术文章。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool.”（然而，研究人员自己也不确定，他们想知道翅膀长度的变化给鸟类带来了什么好处，但假设体型较小的鸟类可能更容易保持凉爽。）可推知，研究者可能会进一步研究翅膀长度的变化对鸟类有什么影响。故选B项。 （三） （23-24高二下·内蒙古名校联盟·期中）Is there any such thing as a salt tooth? We are familiar with a sweet tooth, along with the negative effects of sugar. We are broadly aware of the disadvantages of too much salt, including high blood pressure, which puts pressure on the blood vessels (血管), the heart and the kidneys. It can also lead to water retention (水肿). But we don’t tend to police how much salt we eat — at least, not as rigorously as with sugar — or question whether we are just paying attention to our bodies, which require some salt for muscles to work properly, or we are being controlled by a strong urge. A salt tooth is quite unlike a sweet tooth. It doesn’t create an appetite for itself at the hormone level. But salt does make our taste buds (味蕾) get used to it, so that the more you eat, the more you need to get the same salty hit. This is why chefs can get heavy-handed with it. As Sam Bloom, a nutritional therapist, explains, “What is generally more concerning is the fat that is used together with salt, like salty crisps, fries and fast food. Ready meals are often the worst for hidden salts. Anything that adds flavor that isn’t a spice or herb will probably have salt added to it and can make you want to eat more because it tastes good. The salt and fat combination in these foods is what causes problems with cholesterol (胆固醇). The salt that people add to a meal is much less concerning.” Nutritionists’ suggestion is convincing: When the desire for salt hits, avoid going straight for salty snack foods such as crisps and instead ensure you are well hydrated. Seek out whole foods, such as olives and leafy greens. These foods will help you alleviate the desire for salt, which may often be due to a desire for nutrient-rich food. 9．What does the underlined word “rigorously” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Generally. B．Strictly. C．Largely. D．Pleasantly. 10．Why is salt different from sugar according to paragraph 2? A．Salt attracts chefs. B．Salt gets people adapted. C．Salt can change hormone level. D．Salt generates a special appetite. 11．What is Sam Bloom’s attitude towards ready meals? A．Objective. B．Approving. C．Negative. D．Ambiguous. 12．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Ways of seeking out whole food. B．Reasons for getting the desire for salt. C．Attitudes towards seeking for nutrient food. D．Approaches to relieving the eagerness for salt. 【答案】9．B 10．B 11．C 12．D 【来源】2023-2024学年高二下学期期中联考英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。人们通常不会注意到摄入过量盐的危害。文章对此进行了介绍，并提供了缓解对盐的渴望的方法。 9．词句猜测题。根据第一段第五句中的“we don’t tend to police how much salt we eat(我们不太在意自己吃了多少盐)”和“at least(至少)”以及“as with sugar(就像对糖一样)”可知，此处是指不像严格限制糖的摄入一样限制盐，所以rigorously意为“严格地”。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“It doesn’t create an appetite for itself at the hormone level. But salt does make our taste buds (味蕾) get used to it, so that the more you eat, the more you need to get the same salty hit.(在激素水平上，盐本身不会产生食欲。但盐确实会让我们的味蕾适应它，所以你吃得越多，你就越需要得到同样的咸味)”可知，盐和糖不同是因为盐能让人适应。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Ready meals are often the worst for hidden salts. Anything that adds flavor that isn’t a spice or herb will probably have salt added to it and can make you want to eat more because it tastes good. The salt and fat combination in these foods is what causes problems with cholesterol (胆固醇).(即食食品通常是含隐性盐最多的食物。任何不是香料或草药的调味料都可能会添加盐，这会让你想吃得更多，因为它尝起来很好吃。这些食物中的盐和脂肪组合是导致胆固醇问题的原因)”可知，山姆·布鲁姆对即食食品的态度是消极的。故选C。 12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Nutritionists’ suggestion is convincing: When the desire for salt hits, avoid going straight for salty snack foods such as crisps and instead ensure you are well hydrated. Seek out whole foods, such as olives and leafy greens. These foods will help you alleviate the desire for salt, which may often be due to a desire for nutrient-rich food.(营养学家的建议很有说服力：当你想吃盐的时候，不要直接吃含盐的零食，比如薯片，而是要保证你的水分充足。选择天然食物，比如橄榄和绿叶蔬菜。这些食物将帮助你减轻对盐的渴望，这可能通常是由于对营养丰富的食物的渴望)”可知，最后一段主要是讲缓解对盐的渴望的方法。故选D。 （四） （23-24高二下·内蒙古名校联盟·期中）Italian diver and gardener Sergio Gamberini decided to see if he could grow vegetables in a plastic balloon underwater. The experiment was a success—so he decided to dive deeper into the world of underwater agriculture. Today, Gamberini is the founder of a company using “biospheres” off the coast of Italy to grow a variety of plants, introducing the world to a new type of agriculture. The company’s six “biospheres” are air-filled plastic balloons about two meters wide. Each is fixed to the seabed by chains so that it sits between 15and 36 feet below sea level. The biospheres are equipped with cameras and sensors that allow researchers in the company to monitor CO2 levels, humidity, temperature, and more from a control tower on the shoreline. There’s also a device to communicate with divers in the biospheres. Solar panels (太阳能电池板) on the roof of the control tower power the fans that create airflow inside the biospheres, and because the temperature inside and outside the biospheres is consistent, there’s no need to expend energy on the heating or cooling systems needed for traditional greenhouses. The underwater garden doesn’t require pesticides (杀虫剂) since bugs can’t reach the plants, and though more research is needed, the company notes on its website that the higher-pressure conditions underwater appear to help plants grow more quickly. The company is now ready to shift from the research phase of development to optimizing (优化) its biospheres for industrialization, with the goal of expanding them off coastlines around the world. To achieve the aim, the startup is now taking advantage of “digital twin” technology to precisely simulate (模仿) every aspect of its underwater garden. Even with all the optimization potential offered by technology, Gamberini admits it’s hard to imagine the produce grown in his startup’s biospheres ever competing financially with traditionally grown crops. Still, he hopes the system’s sustainability will be enough to draw customers. 13．What does Gamberini’s company use “biospheres” mainly for? A．Doing scientific research on marine life. B．Creating a habitat for underwater animals. C．Monitoring climate change effects on coastal regions. D．Growing different types of plants through underwater agriculture. 14．How is the temperature maintained inside the biospheres? A．By temperature regulation by divers. B．By advanced heating and cooling systems. C．By solar panels on the roof of the control tower. D．By natural climate conditions of underwater environment. 15．What can we infer about Gamberini’s company? A．It has little negative influence on the environment. B．It negatively affects ocean biodiversity. C．It leads to much use of pesticides. D．It contributes to climate change. 16．What is the best title for the text? A．Grow Plants Under the Sea B．The Creative World of Keeping Animals C．Explore the Depths of Underwater Farming D．The Challenge of Growing Greens Underwater 【答案】13．D 14．C 15．D 16．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一家公司的创始人利用意大利海岸的“生物圈”种植各种植物，向世界介绍一种新型农业,并介绍了这种农业所采取的技术以及优势。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Today, Gamberini is the founder of a company using “biospheres” off the coast of Italy to grow a variety of plants, introducing the world to a new type of agriculture.(如今，甘贝里尼是一家公司的创始人，利用意大利海岸的“生物圈”种植各种植物，向世界介绍一种新型农业。)”可知，甘贝里尼的公司使用“生物圈”主要是为了通过水下农业种植不同种类的植物。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Solar panels (太阳能电池板) on the roof of the control tower power the fans that create airflow inside the biospheres, and because the temperature inside and outside the biospheres is consistent, there’s no need to expend energy on the heating or cooling systems needed for traditional greenhouses.(控制塔屋顶上的太阳能电池板为在生物圈内产生气流的风扇提供动力，而且由于生物圈内外的温度是一致的，因此不需要在传统温室所需的加热或冷却系统上花费能源。)”可知，生物圈内通过控制塔屋顶的太阳能电池板来维持温度。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The underwater garden doesn’t require pesticides (杀虫剂) since bugs can’t reach the plants, and though more research is needed, the company notes on its website that the higher-pressure conditions underwater appear to help plants grow more quickly.(水下花园不需要杀虫剂，因为虫子无法接近植物，尽管还需要更多的研究，但该公司在其网站上指出，水下的高压环境似乎有助于植物生长得更快。)”以及最后一段“Still, he hopes the system’s sustainability will be enough to draw customers.(不过，他希望该系统的可持续性足以吸引顾客。)”可推知，甘贝里尼的公司具有可持续性，对气候变化有帮助。故选D。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Italian diver and gardener Sergio Gamberini decided to see if he could grow vegetables in a plastic balloon underwater. The experiment was a success—so he decided to dive deeper into the world of underwater agriculture.(意大利潜水员兼园丁塞尔吉奥·甘贝里尼决定试试能否在水下的塑料气球里种蔬菜。实验取得了成功，于是他决定更深入地研究水下农业。)”结合文章内容，主要说明了一家公司的创始人利用意大利海岸的“生物圈”种植各种植物，向世界介绍一种新型农业，并介绍了这种农业所采取的技术以及优势可知，C选项“探索水下养殖的深度”最符合文章标题。故选C。 （五） （23-24高二下·内蒙古自治区赤峰市红山区赤峰第四中学·期中）When researchers found a hummingbird with shiny gold feathers on its throat in Peru’s Cordillera Azul National Park, they thought it was a newly discovered species. After conducting a DNA analysis of the bird, researchers made a surprising discovery that it was a hybrid that resulted from two related pink hummingbird species. However, they found the gold-throated hummingbird wasn’t the result of an even genetic split(分离). Since it’s rare for hummingbirds of the same species to have such wildly different throat feathers, the researchers dived deeper into the mystery of the gold feathers on the hybrid species. “It’s a little like cooking: If you mix salt and water, you kind of know what you’re gonna get, but mixing two complex recipes together might give more unpredictable results,” said study coauthor Chad Eliason, Field Museum senior research scientist, in a statement. “This hybrid is a mix of two complex recipes for a feather from its two parent species.” The base color of feathers comes from pigment(色素), but feather cell structure and the way light reflects off the feathers create structural color. It is this structural color that generates the colourful nature of hummingbird feathers. The researchers hope their work inspires others to keep an eye out for potential hybrid species of hummingbirds, Mauro, a curator of birds at Chicago’s Field Museum said. “New tools like genetic data open up new understanding of how these events happen across geography and time,” Mauro said. “One question we want to look into in the region in Peru where this study was done is how this complex foothill landscape has evolved through time and what role those changes have played in diversification of birds and other organisms.” 17．What can we know about the gold-throated hummingbird? A．It is a foreign species. B．Its feathers reflect off more light. C．It is a relative to known species. D．Its throat is different in structure. 18．Why does the study coauthor mention “cooking” in paragraph 2? A．To introduce a topic. B．To give an example. C．To present an issue. D．To explain a phenomenon. 19．What directly results in hummingbirds’ colourful feathers? A．The base color. B．The pigment. C．The feather cell structure. D．The structrual color. 20．What is the writer likely to write about after the last paragraph? A．Where the study is carried out. B．How new tools are used in the research. C．The role of landscape changes in birds’ evolution. D．The method of identifying the gold-throated hummingbird. 【答案】17．C 18．D 19．D 20．C 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了研究人员在秘鲁的科迪勒拉阿苏尔国家公园发现一种喉咙上有闪亮金色羽毛的蜂鸟，发现是两种相关的粉红色蜂鸟的杂交产物，从而引起科学家们对激励其他人关注蜂鸟潜在的杂交物种。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“After conducting a DNA analysis of the bird, researchers made a surprising discovery that it was a hybrid that resulted from two related pink hummingbird species.(在对这种鸟进行DNA分析后，研究人员有了一个惊人的发现，它是两种相关的粉红色蜂鸟的杂交产物)”以及第二段中“This hybrid is a mix of two complex recipes for a feather from its two parent species.(这种杂交鸟是由两种复杂的羽毛配方混合而成的，它们来自两个亲本物种)”可知，关于金喉蜂鸟是已知物种的近亲。故选C项。 18．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Since it’s rare for hummingbirds of the same species to have such wildly different throat feathers, the researchers dived deeper into the mystery of the gold feathers on the hybrid species.   “It’s a little like cooking: If you mix salt and water, you kind of know what you’re gonna get, but mixing two complex recipes together might give more unpredictable results,” said study coauthor Chad Eliason, Field Museum senior research scientist, in a statement.   “This hybrid is a mix of two complex recipes for a feather from its two parent species.”(由于同一物种的蜂鸟很少有如此截然不同的喉咙羽毛，研究人员深入研究了杂交物种上金色羽毛的奥秘。“这有点像烹饪:如果你把盐和水混合在一起，你大概知道你会得到什么，但把两种复杂的食谱混合在一起可能会得到更不可预测的结果，”研究合著者、菲尔德博物馆高级研究科学家查德·埃利亚松在一份声明中说。“这种杂交鸟是由两种复杂的羽毛配方混合而成的，它们来自两个亲本物种。”)”可推知，该研究的合著者在第2段中提到了“烹饪”是为了用混合食谱的例子来说明杂交物种上金色羽毛的奥秘。故选D项。 19．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The base color of feathers comes from pigment, but feather cell structure and the way light reflects off the feathers create structural color.   It is this structural color that generates the colourful nature of hummingbird feathers.(羽毛的底色来自色素，但羽毛细胞结构和光线从羽毛上反射的方式创造了结构色。正是这种结构颜色造就了蜂鸟羽毛的色彩)”可知，是羽毛细胞结构和光线从羽毛上反射的方式创造了结构色，所以结构色直接导致了蜂鸟彩色的羽毛。故选D项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“One question we want to look into in the region in Peru where this study was done is how this complex foothill landscape has evolved through time and what role those changes have played in diversification of birds and other organisms.(在秘鲁进行这项研究的地区，我们想要研究的一个问题是，这种复杂的山麓景观是如何随着时间的推移而演变的，这些变化在鸟类和其他生物的多样化中发挥了什么作用)”可推知，接下来一段可能会讲述景观变化在鸟类进化中的作用。故选C项。 （六） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗箭桥中学·期中）Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881—1973 ) was one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. It was said that everything his brush touched turned to gold. But in truth, his works could be worth more than any precious metal. Picasso created more than 20,000 works in his life, including two of the world's 10 most expensive paintings. Between 1907 and 1913, Picasso and his colleague Georges Braque started a revolution(革命) in painting. Before that, paintings were like windows—they were painted to look as if they had depth. You could tell which objects were "close" to you and which objects were "far away". But Picasso and Braque didn't want to paint like that any more. To them, a painting wasn't a window to the world; it was marks and lines on a flat surface. Why, they thought, should an object like a guitar be shown only from one angle (角度)? A guitar can look very different depending on which angle one looks at it from. Their answer was to show all the angles. They broke the guitar up into pieces. Their style of painting is called cubism (立体主义). But why did they feel such a need to change things? Well, the world around them was changing, too. Science was turning people's ideas upside down. Albert Einstein's theory proved that what we knew about time and space was wrong. The world was becoming different; artists needed to start seeing and painting it differently. The famous and terrifying painting Guernica (1937) shows a terrible scene during the Spanish Civil War. In the painting, you can actually see the sky falling. Picasso couldn't have painted it without the skills he learned during his cubist period. Breaking a guitar up into pieces was his preparation for showing the world being blown to pieces. 21．What is mainly discussed about Picasso in this article？ A．The high price of his paintings. B．His difficulties in career. C．The popularity of his paintings. D．His achievements in art. 22．In what way did Picasso and Braque paint？ A．They painted objects with different depth. B．They made their paintings look like windows. C．They painted an object from different angles. D．They broke objects up into pieces and painted them. 23．What caused Picasso and Braque to start cubism？ A．Einstein's theory. B．The changing world. C．A broken guitar. D．Spanish Civil War. 24．Why did the author mention the painting Guernica？ A．To show the theme of Picasso's paintings. B．To express Picasso's anger at the war. C．To describe the preparations Picasso made before. D．To present the artistic effect of cubism. 【答案】21．D 22．C 23．B 24．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了毕加索的艺术成就以及绘画风格。 21．主旨大意题。第一段中的“Picasso created more than 20,000 works in his life, including two of the world’s 10 most expensive paintings.” 毕加索一生创作了2万多幅作品，包括世界上最昂贵的10幅画作中的两幅。本句是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了毕加索的艺术成就，故选D项。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Why, they thought, should an object like a guitar be shown only from one angle (角度)? A guitar can look very different depending on which angle one looks at it from. Their answer was to show all the angles.” 他们想，为什么像吉他这样的东西只能从一个角度展示呢?从不同的角度看吉他会有不同的效果。他们的答案是展示所有的角度。可知毕加索和布拉克从不同的角度画一个物体，故选C项。 23．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The world was becoming different; artists needed to start seeing and painting it differently.” 世界变得不同了;艺术家们需要开始以不同的方式看待和描绘它。可知改变的世界，促使毕加索和布拉克开始立体派画风，故选B项。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In the painting, you can actually see the sky falling. Picasso couldn’t have painted it without the skills he learned during his cubist period.” 在这幅画中，你可以看到天空正在坠落。如果没有他在立体派时期学到的技巧，毕加索不可能画出这幅画。可推断出《格尔尼卡》这幅画是为了表现立体派的艺术影响，故选D项。 （七） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗箭桥中学·期中）If you want to succeed in life, you need to express the proper body language, with or without having to say anything else. You will certainly notice a whole new reaction from people if you use the power of body language. Relax your shoulders, keep your hands at your sides (never inside your pockets) and breathe slowly. Have a warm, welcoming facial expression as if you look forward to communicating. Depending on the situation, you may smile when appropriate. Face the other person or your audience and keep eye contact as much as possible throughout the talk. Nodding and tilting(倾斜) your head closer can show that you are listening. Do not fold your arms, look down at the floor or put your hands in your pockets. These can show that you are uninterested. If you have any comments, you can show them in negative but respectful ways like raising your eyebrows. A lot of your body language can show how confident, interested, bored, angry or nervous you are. Keeping your head up throughout the entire conversation can show that you are very much into the conversation at hand. You may feel free to use a few hand gestures to emphasize(强调) a point. If you’re enumerating things, it’s better to use each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track. Pacing will help you create more ground if you have a larger crowd to communicate with. It will also show confidence on your part as you think of more things to say. Be very careful when touching the other person since you are crossing the boundaries of body language through actual contact. Remember that in body language, it is your body that does the talking for you. 25．According to the text, if you find a listener raising his eyebrows, he may ________. A．try to show his anger B．want to give his own opinion C．not understand what you say D．want to prove his confidence 26．The underlined word “enumerating” in Paragraph 6 may mean “________”. A．considering B．judging C．numbering D．discussing 27．What’s the author’s suggestion if you have a larger crowd to communicate with? A．To walk at a slow pace. B．To shake hands with every person. C．To look down at the floor. D．To fold your arms. 28．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Power of Body Language B．The Attraction of Body Language C．The Origin of Body Language D．The Understanding of Body Language 【答案】25．B 26．C 27．A 28．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言的力量。 25．推理判断题。根据第四段中“If you have any comments, you can show them in negative but respectful ways like raising your eyebrows. (如果你有意见，你可以用否定但尊重的方式表达，比如扬起眉毛。)”可知，如果你发现一个听众扬起眉毛，他可能会想发表自己的意见。故选B项。 26．词句猜测题。划线词句后半部分“it’s better to use each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track (最好在提到每个项目时用每根手指来帮助你的观众跟上进度)”说明用一根手指说明提到的一个项目，这是在计数列举，从而推知划线词句“If you’re enumerating things (如果你在enumerating事情)”其中划线短语应为“计数列举”的意思。故选C项。 27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Pacing will help you create more ground if you have a larger crowd to communicate with. (如果你有很多人要和你交流，节奏可以帮助你创造更多的空间。)”可知，如果你有更多的人可以交流，作者建议控制节奏。故选A项。 28．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“You will certainly notice a whole new reaction from people if you use the power of body language. (如果你使用肢体语言的力量，你肯定会注意到人们的全新反应。)”可知，本文主要介绍了肢体语言的力量。A项符合主题，故选A项。 （八） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗箭桥中学·期中）Industrial agriculture is often held up as the solution to feeding the world’s growing population. But small farms of about 25 acres or less produce over 70 percent of the world’s food. To raise awareness of the contribution of these farmers, a global photo exhibition, We Feed the World, is to open on October 12 in London. “Industrial agriculture, which mainly focuses on a few types of crops, is not the only answer,” says art director Francesca Price. “We want these images to empower people to support their local food system.” By growing traditional and non-commercial varieties, small farms support biodiversity and increase food security. With only 12 plants and five animal species making up 75 percent of what the world eats, food systems will be easily hurt by natural disasters and disease outbreaks. However, traditional farming communities are working to preserve their ancient seed diversity. Keeping variety alive is very important in the face of climate change. In the future, researchers might need to get particular genes from one variety to help another to adapt to warmer, stormier, or drier weather, or to save a prized variety from disease. Contrary to the false impression held by the public, small farms that practise traditional agriculture can be highly productive. Studies show that the output of crops rises when there’s a wider diversity of crops being grown on a farm, and money is saved since the need for harmful fertilizer and other chemicals is reduced. “The photographs of family farmers may tell just a few local stories, but the message is universal,” says photographer Cheryl Newman. “I hope that the images will leave viewers thinking deeply about where their food comes from and the impact it has on the world around us.” 29．What is the purpose of the photo exhibition? A．To help small farmers to sell their produce. B．To show the challenges faced by small farmers. C．To draw attention to small farmers’ contribution. D．To help farmers to fight against industrial agriculture. 30．What can we say about the industrial agriculture? A．It produces more food than small farms in total. B．It harms biodiversity and decreases food security. C．It has been competing unfairly with small farms. D．It is the only way to feed the world’s population. 31．Why is it important to preserve the traditional and non-commercial crops? A．Their genes are much better. B．Their output is much higher. C．They may help improve the other crops. D．They don’t need chemical fertilizers at all. 32．What is the text mainly about? A．The importance of traditional small farms. B．The problems with the industrial agriculture. C．The consequences of fast-growing population. D．The impact of climate change on agriculture. 【答案】29．C 30．B 31．C 32．A 【导语】本文说明文。文章主要介绍了传统的小农场在保护生物多样性及确保粮食安全等方面的重要作用。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段“But small farms of about 25 acres or less produce over 70 percent of the world’s food. To raise awareness of the contribution of these farmers, a global photo exhibition, We Feed the World, is to open on October 12 in London.”（但是，大约25英亩或更少的小型农场生产世界70%以上的粮食。为了提高人们对这些农民贡献的认识，一个名为“我们养活世界”的全球图片展将于10月12日在伦敦开幕）可知，图片展的目的是为了提高人们对从事小型农业农民贡献的认识。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据第二段“Industrial agriculture, which mainly focuses on a few types of crops,”（工业化农业主要集中在几种作物上）和第三段“With only 12 plants and five animal species making up 75 percent of what the world eats, food systems will be easily hurt by natural disasters and disease outbreaks.”（只有12种植物和5种动物占世界食物的75%，食物系统很容易受到自然灾害和疾病爆发的伤害）可知，注重规模而忽视多样性的工业化农业很可能会损害生物多样性及危害粮食安全。故选B。 31．细节理解题。根据第四段“In the future, researchers might need to get particular genes from one variety to help another to adapt to warmer, stormier, or drier weather, or to save a prized variety from disease.”（在未来，研究人员可能需要从一个品种中获得特定的基因，以帮助另一个品种适应更温暖、更暴风雨或更干燥的天气，或拯救一个珍贵的品种免于疾病）可知，保护传统作物和非商业作物可以帮助改善其它农作物。故选C。 32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Industrial agriculture is often held up as the solution to feeding the world’s growing population. But small farms of about 25 acres or less produce over 70 percent of the world’s food. To raise awareness of the contribution of these farmers, a global photo exhibition, We Feed the World, is to open on October 12 in London.”（工业化农业往往被认为是解决世界不断增长的人口吃饭问题的办法。但是，大约25英亩或更少的小农场生产了世界上70% 以上的粮食。为了提高人们对这些农民贡献的认识，一个名为“我们养活世界”的全球图片展将于10月12日在伦敦开幕）和最后一段““The photographs of family farmers may tell just a few local stories, but the message is universal,” says photographer Cheryl Newman. “I hope that the images will leave viewers thinking deeply about where their food comes from and the impact it has on the world around us.””(摄影师 Cheryl Newman 说：“家庭农场主的照片可能只讲述了一些当地的故事，但是它传递的信息是普遍的。我希望这些图片能让观众深入思考他们的食物来自哪里，以及它对我们周围世界的影响。”）可知，本文主要介绍了传统的小农场在保护生物多样性及确保粮食安全等方面所发挥的重要作用。故选A。 （九） （23-24高二下·内蒙古通辽市科尔沁左翼中旗实验高级中学·期中）What will restaurants look like in the future? What would your dinner taste like if a robot cooked it? A robot restaurant in Tianjin may give you the answers. Covering an area of over 400 square meters with a total of 112 seats, the X Future Restaurant is a robot restaurant that opened in November 2018. The restaurant has amazed customers with its fully-automated (全自动的) technology, which covers every step of the dining experience, from ordering to cooking to serving the dishes and even taking payment. Entering the restaurant, one can order dishes by simply scanning the QR codes on the table. There are over 40 choices of dishes. After taking the order, “robot cooks” prepare dishes using fixed time, temperature and ingredients designed by famous Chinese cooks. “As the cooking is controlled by a computer system, the taste and quality of dishes can be good,” said Li Xiaokui, manager of the X Future Restaurant. Robots also complete the delivery of dishes. Without following any designed route, the robot waiters serve meals thanks to automated driving technology, which helps each robot timely change its route when something is in the way. These eye-catching technologies have received wide praise from customers. “The dishes taste surprisingly good. I couldn’t believe that they were made by robots, especially dishes that were difficult to cook.” one customer said. “The application of robots has increased our efficiency and cut down our costs,” Li said, “I think robot restaurants will develop fast and have a bright future.” 33．What do we know about the X Future Restaurant? A．It covers over 112 square meters with 400 seats. B．Robot waiters deliver dishes following fixed routes. C．Customers could enjoy fully-automated services. D．Robot cooks design dishes by themselves. 34．What’s special about the dishes in the X Future Restaurant? A．They are prepared by human cooks. B．They are not easy for robots to prepare. C．They are not accepted by customers. D．They are ordered by scanning QR codes. 35．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The choices of dishes are limited. B．It takes a long time for the robots to prepare the dishes. C．Customers are willing to dine in the restaurant. D．The delivery routes are designed by the waiters. 36．What is Li’s attitude toward the future of robot restaurants? A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Puzzled. D．Worried. 【答案】33．C 34．D 35．C 36．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在天津开设的一家全自动化的机器人餐厅，全自动技术涵盖了用餐体验的每一步，从点餐到烹饪，再到上菜，甚至收款，顾客在这里收获了良好的用餐体验。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The restaurant has amazed customers with its fully-automated (全自动的) technology, which covers every step of the dining experience, from ordering to cooking to serving the dishes and even taking payment. (这家餐厅的全自动技术令顾客惊叹不已，它涵盖了用餐体验的每一步，从点餐到烹饪，再到上菜，甚至收款。)”可知，顾客可以在该餐厅享受全自动服务。故选C项。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Entering the restaurant, one can order dishes by simply scanning the QR codes on the table. (进入餐厅后，只需扫描餐桌上的二维码就可以点餐。)”可知，该餐厅的菜肴是通过扫描二维码点的。故选D项。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These eye-catching technologies have received wide praise from customers. “The dishes taste surprisingly good. I couldn’t believe that they were made by robots, especially dishes that were difficult to cook.” one customer said. (这些引人注目的技术得到了顾客的广泛好评。“这些菜的味道出奇地好。我简直不敢相信它们是机器人做的，尤其是那些很难做的菜。”一位顾客说。)”可知，顾客对该餐厅使用的技术给出了好评，认为菜的味道很好。由此推知，顾客愿意在该餐厅用餐。故选C项。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Li所说的话“I think robot restaurants will develop fast and have a bright future. (我认为机器人餐厅发展很快，前景光明。)”可知，李认为机器人餐厅的前景是光明的。由此可知，他对这种餐厅的未来充满希望。故选A项。 （十） （23-24高二下·内蒙古通辽市科尔沁左翼中旗实验高级中学·期中）Dog owners walked about 23minues longer each day than non-dog owners In a new study, dog owners took 2,760 additional seps—compared to people who didn’t have a dog at home. Bu here’s the real good news: That extra exercise was done at a moderate（适度的）pace, which means it could help adults meet their recommended weekly totals for physical activity. The research, published in BMC Public Health, focused on adults 65 and older, who tend to be less active than younger people. The study included 43 dog owners and 43 non-dog owners, all of whom were monitored continuously for three week-long periods. When they compared the two groups, the researchers found that dog ownership was associated with a large, potentially health-improving effect. Dog owners walked about 23 minutes longer each day than non-dog owners, 119 minutes versus 96 minutes on average. They also took an additional 2,760 steps, and had eight fewer continuous periods of sitting down. Most of that extra walking was done at moderate pace, defined as 100 or more steps a minute. Dog owners walked at this pace for 32 minutes a day, versus just 11 minutes a day for non-dog owners. The World Health Organization（WHO）recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of physical activity a week. This increased walking time alone could just about satisfy that requirement, say the researchers—so it makes total sense that 87 percent of dog owners in the study met these guidelines, versus just 47 percent of non-dog owners. Co-author Nancy Gee says that pet ownership may help older adults get more activity or maintain their current activity level for a longer period of time. “This could improve their chances of a better quality of life, improved or maintained cognition（认知）, and perhaps, even overall longevity（寿命）,”she said. Here at Health, we’ ll add that caring for pets has been shown to have plenty of other physical and mental health benefits, as well. As animal lovers ourselves, we’ re happy to add one more to the list. 37．What can we learn about the research？ A．It was targeted on old people. B．It was sponsored by the WHO. C．It had an undesirable effect on dog owners. D．It took the mental health of dog owners into consideration. 38．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3？ A．To present the results of the research. B．To show the guidelines of the research. C．To describe the process of doing the research. D．To explain the reasons for conducting the research. 39．What does Nancy Gee think of owning a dog? A．It is too expensive. B．It is time-consuming. C．It enables older adults to live a healthy life. D．It helps young adults to keep a healthy routine. 40．What is the best title for the text? A．Non-pet owners enjoy more pleasure B．Animal lovers are more generous C．Young people walk less today D．Dog owners walk way more 【答案】37．A 38．A 39．C 40．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一个对比研究，得出有狗的人要比没有狗的老年人得到更多锻炼，进而提出老年人养宠物有助于他们的健康生活。 37．细节理解题。由第二段“The research, published in BMC Public Health, focused on adults 65 and older, who tend to be less active than younger people. ”可知，这项研究主要研究65岁及以上的人群。因为这些人要比年轻人的活动量少。所以研究主要是针对老年人的。故选A项。 38．推理判断题。第二段提到这次研究对43位有狗的人和43位没有狗的人进行比较。第三段用一些具体数字具体说明了比较结果。即前者比后者每天多走23分钟。有狗的人多走2,760步，比后者少坐8次。多走的这些步数步伐适中，一分钟100或100多步。有狗的人以这种速度每天走32分钟，没狗的人只走11分钟。所以作者主要用数据对比，告诉我们研究的结果。故选A项。 39．推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Co-author Nancy Gee says that pet ownership may help older adults get more activity or maintain their current activity level for a longer period of time. “This could improve their chances of a better quality of life, improved or maintained cognition（认知）, and perhaps, even overall longevity（寿命）,”she said.”可知，Nancy Gee认为养宠物对于老年人来讲可以使他们获得更多锻炼，让他们长时间保持锻炼的状态。也可以提高他们的生活质量，改善认知，甚至可延长他们的寿命。老年人可以有一个更加健康的生活。故选C项。 40．主旨大意题。第一段Dog owners walked about 23minues longer each day than non-dog owners （养狗的人比不养狗的人每天多走23分钟）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章通过一个对比研究，得出有狗的人要比没有狗的老年人得到更多锻炼，进而提出老年人养宠物有助于他们的健康生活。只有D项“养狗的人多走路”符合文意。故选D项。 （十一） （23-24高二下·内蒙古通辽市科尔沁左翼中旗实验高级中学·期中）Plants are vital to human survival, even when there’s no sunlight. But keeping your houseplants alive in window-less rooms or in shadowy corners can be a challenge. Luckily, there are ways to help your plants stay energetic, even when their sunny source of energy is limited. Grow lights provide an easy and accessible energy increase in dim or black spaces. These specialized beams (光线) have different features, colors, and prices. LEDs, for instance, are the cheapest and most energy-efficient option. While most devices stick to a warm white light, plants respond differently to various illuminating colors. Scientist Levine has made two creative experiments. Under gravity, red light worked well for the slim flowering plants Arabidopsis (拟南芥). But in the weightless environment, they stretched into funny shapes until he started adding blue lights. He eventually found a middle ground and put the plants in green light. If electricity is a limiting factor, you can try to reflect light with mirrors. Even brightening up your space with white decorations, like a light-colored tablecloth, will cast a little glow over your plants. While it’s not comparable to using a grow light or the sun, it could offer plants extra power. Some plants, including tomatoes, need more light than those like Arabidopsis; new seedling s need less light than fully-grow n plants. As you choose your seeds and seedlings, research their native ranges to learn how much sunshine they’d naturally get. Plants are finally adaptable. They can stretch their stems toward available light sources or produce extra chlorophyll (叶绿素), which absorbs available cold light. Even though they may not be getting all the light that they would like for optimum (最适宜的) growth, they’ll still grow. With only a little extra help, you and your plants can overcome the darkness. 41．What is the purpose of using grow lights? A．To change the color of the plants. B．To provide an energy boost in dim spaces. C．To create a decorative effect in the room. D．To help plants grow in weightless environments. 42．What did Levine discover about the effect of different light colors in experiments? A．Plants grew best under red lights without gravity. B．Blue lights caused plants to grow funny shapes. C．Green lights were the best choice for plants without gravity. D．Plants preferred warm white lights in all situations. 43．How can you help plants get extra energy without using electricity? A．By putting the metal in the soil. B．By adding more fertilizer to their soil. C．By decorating some reflective objects. D．By pouring some chemical liquid. 44．Who is the passage written for? A．Plant scientists and researchers. B．Indoor decorators and designers. C．Farmers planning to grow crops in low-light conditions. D．Individuals looking to improve their indoor gardening skills. 【答案】41．B 42．C 43．C 44．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在缺乏阳光的环境中如何帮助植物生长。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段“Grow lights provide an easy and accessible energy increase in dim or black spaces.(在昏暗或黑暗的空间里，植物生长灯提供了一种容易获得的能量增加)”可知，植物生长灯可以在昏暗的环境中增加能量。故选B项。 42．细节理解题。根据第三段“But in the weightless environment, they stretched into funny shapes until he started adding blue lights. He eventually found a middle ground and put the plants in green light.(但在失重环境下，它们会伸展成有趣的形状，直到他开始添加蓝光。他最终找到了一个中间地带，把这些植物置于绿光下)”可知，莱文最终发现在失重环境下，绿光对植物的生长效果最佳。故选C项。 43．细节理解题。根据第四段“Even brightening up your space with white decorations, like a light-colored tablecloth, will cast a little glow over your plants. While it’s not comparable to using a grow light or the sun, it could offer plants extra power.(即使用白色的装饰来照亮你的空间，比如浅色的桌布，也会给你的植物带来一点光芒。虽然它不能与使用生长灯或太阳相比，但它可以为植物提供额外的能量)”可知，在室内装饰一些反光的物品可以使植物获得额外的能量。故选C项。 44．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Luckily, there are ways to help your plants stay energetic, even when their sunny source of energy is limited.(幸运的是，有一些方法可以帮助你的植物保持活力，即使它们的阳光能量来源有限)”以及文章最后一句“With only a little extra help, you and your plants can overcome the darkness.(只需要一点额外的帮助，你和你的植物就能克服黑暗)”可知，本文主要介绍了在缺乏阳光的环境下如何帮助植物生长，旨在帮助那些想要提高自己的室内园艺种植技能的人。故选D项。 （十二） （23-24高二下·内蒙古自治区通辽市科尔沁区通辽市第一中学·期中）“If you look up in the sky, you probably see, at some point, a plane. And behind that plane are white lines. And that’s what we call contrails(航迹云),” said Mare Stettler, an Imperial College London engineer. It’s believed that planes account for about 3 percent of the climate-changing carbon dioxide release we add to the atmosphere and are warming the planet in another way. Contrails are made up of ice crystals(冰晶) that form when plane engines release exhaust that hits the cold air. The ice crystals reflect incoming light from the sun back into space, which has a cooling effect on the atmosphere. But contrails also stop heat coming up from the ground from escaping into space. It’s reflected back down toward the ground. And so that’s a warming effect. Stettler said, “On balance, contrails warm the atmosphere more than they cool it. And that’s primarily because the cooling effect due to reflecting of sunlight can only happen during the day when the sun’s shining, while the warming effect due to trapping of outgoing heat happens all of the time. Some contrails can form clouds that last for up to 18 hours. During that time, they spread out, trapping even more heat. This process allows contrails to warm the earth about as much as the carbon dioxide release from planes.” “By changing the altitude only by a couple of thousand feet, either up or down, it would no longer form a contrail. And so what we found in the study was that by changing the altitude of less than 2 percent of flights, we could actually eliminate just under 60 percent of the warming effect due to contrails,” added Stettler. This improved understanding of how to manage contrails presents an opportunity for the airline industry to reduce its global environmental impact. 45．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By asking questions. B．By quoting someone’s words. C．By presenting examples. D．By listing comparative statistics. 46．What do we know about contrails? A．They can warm and cool the atmosphere. B．They are formed by the reflection of sunlight. C．They do more good than harm to the atmosphere. D．They hardly cause the cooling effect during the day. 47．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in the last paragraph mean? A．Break away from. B．Run out of. C．Get rid of. D．Put up with. 48．What is the main idea of the text? A．The release of carbon dioxide is increasing. B．Contrails are affecting the climate of the planet. C．The altitude of planes is linked to global warming. D．Clouds from plane exhaust are caused by global warming. 【答案】45．B 46．A 47．C 48．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了飞机在空中飞行时会在身后留下航迹云，航迹云会导致地球变暖，对大气环境的影响是弊大于利的，而适当调整飞机的飞行高度可以很大程度降低航迹云的影响。 45．推理判断题。根据第一段中““If you look up in the sky, you probably see, at some point, a plane. And behind that plane are white lines. And that’s what we call contrails(航迹云),” said Mare Stettler, an Imperial College London engineer.(“如果你抬头望向天空，你可能在某个时间看到一架飞机飞过。飞机后面有白色的线。我们称之为航迹云。”Mare Stettler说道，他是帝国理工学院的一名工程师)”可知，文章开头引述了工程师Mare Stettler的话，给出了航迹云的概念，也引出了文章主题。故选B项。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段“Contrails are made up of ice crystals(冰晶) that form when plane engines release exhaust that hits the cold air. The ice crystals reflect incoming light from the sun back into space, which has a cooling effect on the atmosphere. But contrails also stop heat coming up from the ground from escaping into space. It’s reflected back down toward the ground. And so that’s a warming effect.(航迹云是由冰晶组成的，当飞机引擎排出的尾气与冷空气相遇时就产生了冰晶。这些冰晶将太阳射来的光反射回太空里，对于大气有着冷却效果。但航迹云也会阻地球上的热量扩散到太空中去。这些热量被反射回地面。这样又成了加热效果)”可知，航迹云对于大气同时存在降温和加热效果，与A选项描述相符。故选A项。 47．词义猜测题。由划线词所在句前一句“By changing the altitude only by a couple of thousand feet, either up or down, it would no longer form a contrail.(通过仅改变飞行高度几千英尺，不论是向上还是向下，都不会再产生航迹云。)”可知，研究发现改变飞机的飞行高度可以减少航迹云的形成，则在划线词所在句中，通过调整航班的飞行高度，应当会消除、减少航迹云带来的负面效果，eliminate应表示“消除、排除”，与C选项“摆脱、甩掉”含义最接近。故选C项。 48．主旨大意题。浏览全文可知，文章首段引出航迹云这一概念，然后介绍了其对大气环境的正面和负面影响，指出使大气变暖的弊端更大，并在最后一段提出了解决方法，B选项“航迹云正在影响地球气候”符合文章主要内容。故选B项。 （十三） （23-24高二下·内蒙古自治区通辽市科尔沁区通辽市第一中学·期中）The 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago in China to guide agricultural production. They also reflect China’s rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term. 49 Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, lively spring-like scenery starts blossoming: the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north and trees and grass turn green again. 50 In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall. At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. It’s the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day gets warmer. 51 During Rain Water period, extra care is needed to deal with a returning cold spell and humidity, which is the amount of water in the air. 52 It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children. The wet and humid weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen and stomach according to Chinese medical practice. 53 People in Beijing often eat porridge (粥) cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to resist cold and wet weather. Honey, dates and Chinese yam are also very good nourishment (营养) to put in the porridge. A．With Rain Water coming, insects become more active. B．A bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body. C．Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period to water the fields. D．According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil. E．The temperature in most of the basin areas increases quickly during Rain Water. F．One of the 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water. G．The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperature and wet weather. 【答案】49．F 50．D 51．C 52．G 53．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了24节气之一的雨水，以及雨水在春天的重要性。 49．根据上文“They also reflect China’s rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term.（它们还反映了中国丰富的历史，通过季节性的节日，特殊的食物，文化仪式，家庭聚会，甚至健康的生活技巧，与每个节气相对应）”以及第二段第一句“Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature.（雨水预示着降雨量的增加和气温的上升）”F项：One of the 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water.（二十四节气之一，在春天非常重要，被称为雨水）承接上句，并且引出后文要介绍的二十四节气之一的雨水，承上启下。故选F。 50．根据后句“In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall.（在中国北方，春旱很常见，这个季节的降水量只占年平均降水量的10%到15%）”可知，春季北方是缺雨的，因此春雨非常珍贵。D项：According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil.（中国有句古话，春雨贵如油）符合语境。故选D。 51．根据上句“At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. It’s the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day gets warmer.（每年的这个时候，农民们开始犁地。天气转暖时，正是准备春播的好时机）”可知，C项：Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period to water the fields.（因此，雨水被认为是灌溉农田的关键时期）和上句构成因果关系，说明雨水是人们准备春播灌溉农田的关键时期。故选C。 52．根据后句“It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children.（强烈建议不要过早脱下厚外套，注意保暖，特别是老人和儿童）”可知，G项：The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperature and wet weather.（降雨导致空气湿度迅速增加，导致气温下降，天气潮湿）是建议人们不要过早脱下厚外套，注意保暖的原因。故选G。 53．根据后句“People in Beijing often eat porridge(粥) cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to resist cold and wet weather.（北京人经常吃一种中草药煮的粥，以抵御寒冷和潮湿的天气）”可知，B项：A bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.（一碗营养粥是滋养身体的最佳选择）后句承接B项具体说明北京人经常吃的一种中草药煮的粥来抵御寒冷和潮湿的天气，话题一致。故选B。 （十四） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰市第二实验中学·期中）Stress often occurs when humans have too much work or are in immediate danger. We communicate our stress to others through our behavior and physiological changes. Thus, stress can communicate information and even be useful for survival in certain situations. On the other hand, the massive spread of stress frequently leads to dangerous situations in groups, such as mass panic. However, not only humans, but also animals can experience and spread stress. This is the present research focus of Dr Hanja Brandl from the University of Konstanz. “It has been repeatedly shown that stress can be spread from one human to another,” Brandl says. “Often, a similarly strong physiological response is triggered, even though you have never experienced the stress yourself.” But what is known about stress among animals? Brandl concludes other animals in the group can be just as stressed as the friend who experienced something bad. Stress is evolutionarily deeply rooted and the process is similar in all vertebrates (脊椎动物). When are animals stressed? To be mentioned primarily are naturally occurring threats to which they are exposed, such as natural enemies. Human influences raise the level of stress. “Increasing changes in the habitat or noise and light pollution also have an impact as these massively influence the environment of the animals.” Brandl explains. “Animals are flexible and can adapt to situations. But at some point, the stress response—the adaptations that otherwise help animals better escape stressors like enemies—no longer gives them a survival advantage,” she adds. This not only endangers the animals’ health, but also changes the social structure of groups. “If we know how the underlying mechanisms (机制) work, we can better protect animals,” says Brandl. For humans, too, insights from the animal world are useful, she says. “With humans, we can’t measure the functionality of groups under stress well in natural scenes.” Therefore, Brandl is now continuing her studies. In the future, this will make it easier to respond to and help with the spread of stress in groups of people. 54．What can we learn about stress from paragraph 1? A．Stress is both good and bad. B．Group living. can easily cause stress. C．Each individual reacts differently to stressful situations. D．Poor communication is one of the biggest causes of stress. 55．What does the underlined word “triggered” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Ignored. B．Eased. C．Caused. D．Transformed. 56．What can humans do to help animals reduce stress? A．Supply food to them. B．Make them live in groups. C．Protect their habitat from being destroyed. D．Provide opportunities for them to practice their survival skills. 57．From which is the text probably taken? A．A pet magazine. B．A news website. C．A book review. D．A technical forum. 【答案】54．A 55．C 56．C 57．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了压力不仅在人类中存在，动物也会经历和传播压力，并且介绍了动物产生压力的原因，包括自然威胁和人类影响，还提到了压力对动物健康和群体社会结构的影响，以及了解压力机制对保护动物的重要性，同时指出了从动物世界获得的见解对人类也很有用，最后提到研究人员将继续研究以更好地应对和帮助人们群体中压力的传播。 54．细节理解题。根据第一段“Thus, stress can communicate information and even be useful for survival in certain situations. On the other hand, the massive spread of stress frequently leads to dangerous situations in groups, such as mass panic. (因此，压力可以传递信息，在某些情况下甚至对生存有益。另一方面，压力的广泛传播常常导致群体中的危险情况，如大规模恐慌)”可知，压力在某些情况下可以传递信息并且对生存有用，但另一方面，压力的大规模传播经常导致群体中的危险情况，如群众恐慌。因此，我们可以了解到压力既有好的一面也有坏的一面，故选A项。 55．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词上文“a similarly strong physiological response (类似的强烈生理反应)”以及下文“even though you have never experienced the stress yourself (即使你自己从未经历过这种压力)”可知，上下文说的是通常一个同样强烈的生理反应会被引发，即使你自己从未经历过这种压力，可推理出划线词的含义为“引发”，分析选项，C项“Caused (导致)”表达的含义符合语境，故选C项。 56．推理判断题。根据第四段“Increasing changes in the habitat or noise and light pollution also have an impact as these massively influence the environment of the animals. (栖息地不断增加的变化或噪音和光污染也产生了影响，因为这些因素极大地影响了动物的生活环境)”可知，栖息地的变化增加或噪音和光污染也会影响动物，因为这些会严重影响动物的环境，可推理出保护动物的栖息地不受破坏可以帮助减少它们的压力，故选C项。 57．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, not only humans, but also animals can experience and spread stress. This is the present research focus of Dr Hanja Brand l from the University of Konstanz. (然而，不仅人类，动物也会经历和传播压力。这是来自康斯坦茨大学的汉娅·布兰德尔博士目前的研究重点)”、第四段“Animals are flexible and can adapt to situations. But at some point, the stress response—the adaptations that otherwise help animals better escape stressors like enemies—no longer gives them a survival advantage, (动物是灵活的，可以适应各种情况。但在某些时候，应激反应——这些适应性反应本来有助于动物更好地逃离诸如敌人等压力源——就不再给它们带来生存优势了)”、倒数第二段“This not only endangers the animals’ health, but also changes the social structure of groups. “If we know how the underlying mechanisms(机制)work, we can better protect animals,” says Brandl.(这不仅危害动物的健康，也改变了群体的社会结构。“如果我们了解这些潜在机制是如何工作的，我们就能更好地保护动物，”布兰德尔说)”以及最后一段“Therefore, Brandl is now continuing her studies. In the future, this will make it easier to respond to and help with the spread of stress in groups of people. (因此，布兰德尔现在继续她的研究。在未来，这将使人们更容易应对和帮助应对人群中压力的扩散)”可知，文章内容涉及科学研究发现，特别是引用了Dr. Hanja Brandl的研究，讨论了人类和动物的应激反应及其影响，提到了对动物保护的意义以及未来研究方向，这些信息通常出现在报道科学研究成果的新闻网站上。文章的写作风格和内容并不符合宠物杂志的亲和指导性、书评的文学分析性或技术论坛的专业技术讨论性质。因此，最合适的来源是新闻网站，故选B项。 （十五） （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰市第二实验中学·期中）It’s easy for consumers to buy food and drinks like a bowl of hot rice and coke online or from neighbourhood shops, but for astronauts such things were impossible in the past. Members of China’s Shenzhou manned space flight last year, however, were able to enjoy such food, thanks to Joyoung, a Chinese firm. Joyoung created a mobile space kitchen for the astronauts. A drinking water machine, an air heater and a soybean milk maker were all accessible in the kitchen through a smart app. Tang Hongbo, who was a member of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft said in the news that during his three-month trip, he could eat hot food with just half-hour efforts, a contrast to the past when similar attempts required several hours. “If we had time, we would also use equipment to eat homemade yogurt. We could also control the equipment in the space kitchen through mobile phone apps.” he said. In the past, most foods couldn’t be directly heated in a microwave oven in the space. Conduction equipment often caused uneven (不均匀的) heating. An astronaut had to spend as long as four hours to heat some vegetables in the space kitchen. To solve the problem, Joyoung has developed equipment that gives out hot air to heat vegetables in a 360-degree way. That enables astronauts to eat steaming-hot fish-flavoured pork and Gongbao chicken, a spicy, stir-fried Chinese dish. Besides Joyoung, a group of companies, including Xiaomi Coip and Huawei Technologies, have contributed their technologies to the development of the space station. A vacuum (真空) cleaner made haircuts on the spacecraft possible. NOLO VR, a Chinese virtual reality manufacturer, has helped astronauts develop an experimental equipment through which laboratory technicians on the ground can see and experience what astronauts are doing in space. 58．What do astronauts think of Joyoung’s mobile space kitchen? A．Water-saving. B．Energy-wasting. C．Time-saving. D．Money-wasting. 59．How does the author show the convenience on Shenzhou manned spacecraft? A．By making contrasts. B．By analyzing results. C．By providing pictures. D．By answering questions. 60．What does the last paragraph want to show? A．Jayoung needs to further its technology. B．What astronauts are doing is significant. C．Astronauts on board can do as they wish. D．There are more technologies for the spacecraft. 61．What is the best title of the text? A．The Hot Diet on the Space Station Needs to be Addressed B．Earth to Space, Firms Add Value by Creating Technology C．Modern Technology Brings Convenience to Human Beings D．Manufacturers Make Big Profits from Inventing Equipment 【答案】58．C 59．A 60．D 61．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述九阳公司为宇航员们设计了一个移动太空厨房，让宇航员更加方便、快捷地享用食物。 58．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Tang Hongbo, who was a member of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft said in the news that during his three-month trip, he could eat hot food with just half-hour efforts, a contrast to the past when similar attempts required several hours.(神舟载人飞船成员汤洪波在新闻中说，在他三个月的旅行中，他只需要半个小时就能吃到热食物，而过去类似的尝试需要几个小时)”可知，宇航员认为九阳的移动太空厨房能节省时间，故选C。 59．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Tang Hongbo, who was a member of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft said in the news that during his three-month trip, he could eat hot food with just half-hour efforts, a contrast to the past when similar attempts required several hours.(神舟载人飞船成员汤洪波在新闻中说，在他三个月的旅行中，他只需要半个小时就能吃到热食物，而过去类似的尝试需要几个小时)”和第三段“In the past, most foods couldn’t be directly heated in a microwave oven in the space. Conduction equipment often caused uneven(不均匀的) heating. An astronaut had to spend as long as four hours to heat some vegetables in the space kitchen. To solve the problem, Joyoung has developed equipment that gives out hot air to heat vegetables in a 360-degree way. That enables astronauts to eat steaming-hot fish-flavoured pork and Gongbao chicken, a spicy, stir-fried Chinese dish.(在过去，大多数食物不能在太空中的微波炉中直接加热。传导设备常引起不均匀加热。一名宇航员必须在太空厨房里花费长达四个小时的时间来加热一些蔬菜。为了解决这个问题，九阳公司开发了一种可以360度加热蔬菜的设备。这样宇航员就可以吃到热气腾腾的鱼香肉丝和宫保鸡丁，这是一种辛辣的中国菜)”可知，在过去，大多数食物不能在太空中的微波炉中直接加热，加热一些蔬菜需要很长时间，但有了九阳开发的设备，宇航员能够吃到热气腾腾的饭菜；由此可知，作者是通过将过去和现在的情况作比较，来展现神舟载人飞船上先进设备带来的便捷。故选A。 60．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Besides Joyoung, a group of companies, including Xiaomi Coip and Huawei Technologies, have contributed their technologies to the development of the space station. A vacuum (真空) cleaner made haircuts on the spacecraft possible. NOLO VR, a Chinese virtual reality manufacturer, has helped astronauts develop an experimental equipment through which laboratory technicians on the ground can see and experience what astronauts are doing in space.(除了九阳，包括小米和华为技术在内的一些公司也为空间站的发展贡献了自己的技术。真空吸尘器使航天器上的理发成为可能。中国虚拟现实制造商NOLO VR帮助宇航员开发了一种实验设备，通过这种设备，地面上的实验室技术人员可以看到并体验宇航员在太空中的活动)”可知，最后一段告诉我们，除了九阳，还有很多其他公司也为空间站的开发贡献了他们的技术；由此推知，最后一段表明有更多的技术应用于宇宙飞船。故选D。 61．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“Members of China’s Shenzhou manned space flight last year, however, were able to enjoy such food, thanks to Joyoung, a Chinese firm.(然而，多亏了中国的九阳公司，去年中国神舟载人航天飞行的成员们能够享用到这样的食物)”和最后一段中“Besides Joyoung, a group of companies, including Xiaomi Coip and Huawei Technologies, have contributed their technologies to the development of the space station.(除了九阳，包括小米和华为技术在内的一些公司也为空间站的发展贡献了自己的技术)”可知，文章主要讲述九阳公司为宇航员们设计了一个移动太空厨房，让宇航员更加方便、快捷地享用食物，除此之外，包括小米和华为技术在内的一些公司也为空间站的发展贡献了自己的技术。B项“从地球到太空，企业通过创造技术来增加价值”能够概括文章主旨，为最佳标题，故选B。 （十六） （22-22高二下·内蒙古阿拉善盟第一中学·期中）Where in the classroom do you prefer to sit,and why? Scientists have discovered that seating preference not only shows students’ personalities,but has a great influence on their school performance.Generally speaking,students show different attitudes depending on where they sit.Based on the research,scientists have developed a funnel-like(像漏斗的) model of “learning zones(区域)” to see the relationship between seating and active learning. In this model,the mouth of the funnel(A) is the best position for learning.Students in this front area prove to be the most active learners.They show a greater desire(渴求) for learning,which leads them to focus(集中注意力) better and take a more active part than the rest of the class.Those in the neck of the funnel(B) don’t pay the same close attention,but they ask a lot of questions,partly because of the added confidence they feel from being in a safe zone,with others around them.Less desirable is the area “outside the funnel(C,D),” which refers to the side and the back rows,where students take a less active part in classroom activities and find it hard to focus their attention,falling asleep at times. Studies about learning zones suggest that a change in traditional seating plans can benefit students.In fact,a growing number of teachers have begun less traditional seating plans,such as “U-Type”.There are no side and back areas,so teachers can expect their students to take part in activities more actively and increase student-teacher interaction(互动). 62．According to scientists, students’ learning is greatly influenced by________. A．the number of students B．the time of class C．seating positions D．the size of the classroom 63．What advantage do the students sitting in Area B over those in Area C,D? 　　　. A．sometimes fall asleep B．feel safe and confident C．seldom ask their teachers questions D．try to avoid looking directly at the teacher 64．Which of the following is TRUE according to studies in the last paragraph? A．An increasing number of teachers have started to use traditional seating plans. B．Changing the traditional seating plans can be beneficial to students. C．U-type is better than funnel-like model of “learning zones” . D．If there are no side and back areas, students must be more active in learning. 65．From which is the text probably taken? A．An education magazine B．An advertisement C．A life newspaper D．A science textbook 【答案】62．C 63．B 64．B 65．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，教室里的座位安排对学生的表现有很大影响。 62．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Scientists have discovered that seating preference not only shows students’ personalities, but has a great influence on their school performance. Generally speaking, students show different attitudes depending on where they sit. Based on the research, scientists have developed a funnel-like(像漏斗的) model of “learning zones(区域)” to see the relationship between seating and active learning.( 科学家发现，座位偏好不仅体现了学生的个性，而且对他们在学校的表现有很大的影响。一般来说，学生的态度取决于他们坐的位置。在研究的基础上，科学家们开发了一个漏斗状的“学习区域”模型，以了解座位和主动学习之间的关系。)”可知，科学家发现学生的在校表现受到座位的影响。故选C。 63．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Those in the neck of the funnel(B) don’t pay the same close attention, but they ask a lot of questions, partly because of the added confidence they feel from being in a safe zone, with others around them. (那些处于漏斗颈部(B)的人不会密切关注，但他们会问很多问题，部分原因是他们在一个安全区域，周围有其他人，这增加了他们的自信。)”可知，由于坐在B区域的学生被其他学生环绕，因此觉得既安全又自信。故选B。 64．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Studies about learning zones suggest that a change in traditional seating plans can benefit students. (关于学习区域的研究表明，改变传统的座位安排有利于学生。)”可知，改变传统的座位安排对学生有好处。故选B。 65．推理判断题。根据全文可知，研究发现，教室里的座位安排对学生的表现有很大影响。所以本文是一篇关于研究学校教育方面的文章，所以应该选择教育杂志。故选A。 （十七） （23-24高二下·内蒙古科尔沁右翼前旗第二中学·期中）Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your cart without even realizing it. Grocery store design is a carefully crafted art from both psychological and marketing standpoints, according to Reeves Connelly, who studied architectural design at the Pratt Institute. He explained there is a specific reason why fruit and vegetables are often located at the front of the store, “You’ll grab the fruits and vegetables first and then hopefully feel less guilty about buying junk food later on.” Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases. There’s also a reason why you often feel lost in local supermarkets. Shockingly, they move things around. Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to confuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.” “Their little tricks always work on me,” one regular shopper admits, “I walk in to get three things and end up spending $300; that’s why I hate grocery shopping,” he said. On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared. “I’ve started having my groceries delivered. If I have to go to the store, I never grab a cart. If I can’t carry it, I’m not buying it,” he added. 66．What is the purpose of the supermarket layout? A．To encourage healthy lifestyle. B．To save consumers’ shopping time. C．To provide multiple goods for choice. D．To promote non-essential consumption. 67．What does the underlined word “practice” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Distributing junk food in different areas. B．Putting milk and eggs at the back of aisles. C．Rearranging products in supermarkets regularly. D．Placing fruit and vegetables at the front of the store. 68．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Shopping baskets are better than heavy carts. B．Most shoppers are trapped in marketing tricks. C．Grocery delivery can help improve supermarket sales. D．Taking a shopping list can be a smart move to avoid impulse buying. 69．Where is this text most likely from? A．A business magazine. B．A psychology report. C．A research paper. D．A shopping guidebook. 【答案】66．D 67．C 68．D 69．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了超市布局背后促进非必要消费的特殊原因以及建议。 66．细节理解题。根据第二段“Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases.(与此同时，牛奶和鸡蛋等必需品被放在商店的后面，以确保顾客走过其他走道，那里有许多不健康的选择，如零食和苏打水，这可能会增加冲动购买的可能性。)”可知，超市布局的目的是促进非必要消费。故选D。 67．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to confuse you. (他们非常清楚，在你逛了几次店，对所有东西的位置有了更好的了解之后，这些策略就会变得不那么有效，所以他们会定期把产品挪到不同的通道，让你感到困惑。)”以及后文“is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.”可知，“定期在超市重新摆放产品”的做法并不局限于特定的商店，而是在各种零售连锁店中使用。故划线词意思是“定期在超市重新摆放产品”。故选C。 68．推理判断题。根据最后一段“That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me (这就是为什么我总是随身带着购物清单)”可知，带购物清单是避免冲动购物的明智之举。故选D。 69．推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your cart without even realizing it. (你有没有想过超市的普遍布局？聪明的设计师在背后巧妙地引诱你走过每一个通道，在你没有意识到的情况下装满你的购物。车)”结合文章主要说明了超市布局背后促进非必要消费的特殊原因以及建议。可知，文章选自一本商业杂志。故选A。 （十八） （23-24高二下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔市第一中学·期中）More and more birds are flying to settle in Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of the local government. Covering an area of over 4,000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the country’s biggest salt lake. Located in Qinghai Province of Northwest China, the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest point — Cormorant Island and Egg Island. The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various fish, offering rich food sources to birds. The islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called “Bird Islands”. Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (高原) start to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs. During the months, flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and bird eggs can be found everywhere. Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away. These have become a world-famous symbol of the lake. To protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China set up the Qinghai Lake National Natural Reserve at the end of1997. Meanwhile, the State has pointed out that the Bird Islands and Spring Bay of Qinghai Lake were central reserves. Inspectors and conservators often patrol (巡逻) the lake, enriching local residents’ knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors. They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds. At the same time, they have built special fences around the island area to prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorous animals, as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds’ building nests, laying eggs and breeding (繁殖). As a result, more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding. 70．Why are more and more birds coming to the biggest salt lake in Northwest China? A．Because it is getting warmer and warmer. B．Because it is being reformed. C．Because the environment is getting more agreeable to them to live in. D．Because the people there are becoming richer and richer. 71．What do the birds feed on? A．Floating fish and various grass. B．Grass growing in the water and different kinds of fish. C．Salt water and plenty of grains. D．Corn from the local farmers. 72．According to the passage, we can infer that ______. A．over 20 kinds of birds come to the Bird Islands before March B．flocks of birds fly up to the whole sky over the islands to lay eggs C．visitors can see the birds from miles away D．the government has taken many measures to protect the district 73．This passage is most probably taken from ______. A．a newspaper B．a document C．a storybook D．a science book 【答案】70．C 71．B 72．D 73．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了越来越多的鸟来到青海湖，当地政府的保护措施使这个地方成为鸟类的天堂。政府向人们普及鸟类保护法，号召人们保护鸟类。 70．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“More and more birds are flying to settle in Qinghai Lake，one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of the local government.(由于当地政府的保护措施，越来越多的鸟类飞到青海湖定居。青海湖是中国海拔最高的内陆湖泊之一)”和文章第二段“The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various fish, offering rich food sources to birds.(这两个岛屿上有大量的漂浮草和各种鱼类，为鸟类提供了丰富的食物来源)”可知，越来越多的鸟飞到青海湖栖息一方面是由于当地政府对环境保护所做出的努力，另一方面是因为那里有充足的食物来源，也就是说那里的环境越来越适合鸟类生存。故选C。 71．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various fish, offering rich food sources to birds.(这两个岛屿上有大量的漂浮草和各种鱼类，为鸟类提供了丰富的食物来源)”可知，鸟类主要以在水中生长的草和不同种类的鱼为食。故选B。 72．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“thanks to the protection efforts of the local government.(多亏了当地政府的保护)”、文章第四段“To protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China set up the Qinghai Lake National Natural Reserve at the end of1997. Meanwhile, the State has pointed out that the Bird Islands and Spring Bay of Qinghai Lake were central reserves.(为了保护这个鸟类的天堂，支持生态保护的呼声，中国于1997年底建立了青海湖国家级自然保护区。同时，国家指出，青海湖鸟岛和春湾为中央保护区)”可推知，政府已经采取了许多措施来保护这个地区。故选D。 73．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是由于当地政府对环境的保护，越来越多的鸟来到青海湖。这篇文章很有可能出现在报纸上，是一篇新闻报道。故选A。 （十九） （23-24高二下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔市第一中学·期中）Libraries are romantic places. The romance is that of reading, and the wealth of human imagining and learning that is contained in them. Access to the knowledge and literary art (poetry, fiction, drama) in a library is precious and particularly valuable to young minds and people of any age with an interest in education. It would be hard to find anyone who actively objects to libraries. But when it comes to reality, Britain’s libraries are on less solid ground. The number of books borrowed in the year ending in March 2021 was 72.9 million, down 56% on the previous year. Physical visits also collapsed (崩溃), from 214.6 million to 59.7 million. Of course, this is the behavior that one would expect during a pandemic. Many libraries were closed during this period, while people were discouraged from unnecessary mixing. Book sales climbed to their highest in a decade in 2021, which suggests that some former users of libraries may have bought books instead. Private libraries at home, whether large collections or single bookshelves, appear to be developing well. But the hope must be that visits and loans at public libraries will soon return to their former level too. Like any other service, libraries need users. And while booksellers might in one sense be regarded as competitors, in fact the vast majority of those participating in the trade, from publishers to poets, are library lovers. This has something to do with the romantic idea of the reader as explorer, with every book a door to a new store of feeling or understanding. But it also involves the recognition that if books are to form part of our life, there must be space in public for them. Books can be treasured personal properties, but there is also something special about a copy that arrives in your hands having passed through those of others and that will go on being passed between strangers who share your curiosity. 74．What has happened to British libraries? A．They have been in a bad state. B．They have become romantic places. C．They have got great attraction for artists. D．They have suffered great loss of users. 75．What has led to development of the private home libraries? A．People avoid close contact in public. B．Many libraries have been pulled down. C．People have access to affordable books. D．More people are against public libraries. 76．What does the author try to convey in the last paragraph? A．Books are precious personal belongings. B．Libraries are a magic heaven for explorers. C．Books should be attached importance to. D．Libraries contribute to human connection. 77．What is the main idea of the text? A．Libraries will gradually fade out of stage. B．Libraries will still hold a promising future. C．Booksellers benefit from libraries’ collapse. D．The pandemic has promoted British book sales. 【答案】74．D 75．A 76．D 77．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了图书馆是一个浪漫的地方，它将有一个美好的未来。 74．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But when it comes to reality, Britain’s libraries are on less solid ground. The number of books borrowed in the year ending in March. 2021 was 72.9m,down 56%on the previous year. Physical visits also collapsed, from 214.6m to 59.7m.(但在现实中，英国的图书馆却缺乏坚实的基础。在截至2021年3月的一年中，图书借阅数量为7290万册，较上年下降56%。体检次数也大幅减少，从2.146亿次降至5970万次)”可知，英国图书馆遭受了巨大的用户损失。故选D项。 75．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Of course, this is the behaviour that one would expect during a pandemic. Many libraries were closed during this period, while people were discouraged from unnecessary mixing. Book sales climbed to their highest in a decade in 2021, which suggests that some former users of libraries may have bought books instead.(当然，这是人们在疫情期间预计会出现的行为。许多图书馆在此期间关闭，同时人们被禁止不必要的混合。2021年，图书销量攀升至10年来的最高水平，这表明一些以前的图书馆用户可能转而购买图书)”可知，人们避免在公共场合密切接触导致了英国家庭图书馆的兴起。故选A项。 76．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But it also involves the recognition that if books are to form part of our life, there must be space in public for them. Books can be treasured possessions, but there is also something special about a copy that arrives in your hands having passed through those of others -and that will go on being passed between strangers who share your curiosity.(但它也涉及到认识到，如果书籍要成为我们生活的一部分，就必须在公共场所为它们留出空间。书可以是宝贵的财产，但当一本经过别人的书传到你的手中时，它也会有特别的意义——它会在和你一样好奇的陌生人之间传递)”故可推知，作者在最后一段试图表达图书馆有助于人与人之间的联系。故选D项。 77．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Libraries are romantic places. The romance is that of reading, and the wealth of human imagining and learning that is contained in them. Access to the knowledge and literary art (poetry, fiction, drama) in a library is precious -and particularly valuable to young minds and people of any age with an interest in education.(图书馆是一个浪漫的地方。浪漫在于阅读，以及其中蕴含的丰富的人类想象和知识。在图书馆获得知识和文学艺术（诗歌、小说、戏剧）是非常宝贵的，尤其是对年轻人和任何年龄对教育感兴趣的人来说)”以及第四段中“But the hope must be that visits and loans at public libraries will soon return to their former level too. Like any other service, libraries need users. And while booksellers might in one sense be regarded as competitors, in fact the vast majority of those involved in the trade, from publishers to poets, are library lovers.(但人们一定希望，公共图书馆的访客和借阅量也能很快恢复到以前的水平。和其他服务一样，图书馆也需要用户。虽然从某种意义上说，书商可能被视为竞争对手，但事实上，绝大多数参与这一行业的人，从出版商到诗人，都是图书馆爱好者)”可知，文章主要讲的是图书馆将有一个美好的未来。故选B项。 （二十） （23-24高二下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔市第一中学·期中）Most online fraud (诈骗) involves identity theft. Passwords help. But many can be guessed. Newer phones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers often have strengthened security with fingerprint and facial recognition. But these can be imitated. That is why a new approach, behavioural biometrics (行为生物识别) is gaining ground. It relies on the wealth of measurements made by today’s devices. These include data from sensors that reveal how people hold their phones when using them, how they carry them and even the way they walk. Touchscreens, keyboards and mice can be monitored to show the unique ways in which someone’s fingers and hands move. These features can then be used to determine whether someone attempting to make a deal is likely to be the device’s habitual user. “Behavioural biometrics make it possible to identify an individual’s unique motion fingerprint,” says John Whaley, head of Unifyid, a firm in Silicon Valley that is involved in the field. When coupled with information about a user’s finger pressure and speed on the touchscreen, as well as a device’s regular places of use-as revealed by its GPS unit — that user’s identity can be pretty well determined. Used wisely, behavioural biometrics could be a great benefit. In fact, Unifyid and an unnamed car company are even developing a system that unlocks the doors of a vehicle once the pace of the driver, as measured by his phone, is recognized. Used unwisely, however, the system would become yet another electronic spy on people’s privacy, permitting complete strangers to monitor your every action, from the moment you reach for your phone in the morning, to when you throw it on the floor at night. 78．What is behavioural biometrics for? A．To identify network crime. B．To ensure network security. C．To track online fraud. D．To gather online data. 79．How does behavioural biometrics work? A．By offering and analyzing the operating system of devices. B．By spotting and revealing a device’s regular places of use. C．By restricting and detecting the access to an account of users. D．By monitoring and comparing the ways users interact with devices. 80．What’s the author’s attitude towards behavioural biometrics? A．Objective. B．Concerned. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 81．From which section of a magazine can this text possibly be taken? A．Health and wealth. B．Books and arts. C．Science and technology. D．Finance and economics. 【答案】78．B 79．D 80．A 81．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项安全技术——生物识别技术，说明了这项技术的特点以及优缺点。 78．推理判断题。根据第一段“Most online fraud (诈骗) involves identity theft. Passwords help. But many can be guessed. Newer phones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers often have strengthened security with fingerprint and facial recognition. But these can be imitated. That is why a new approach, behavioural biometrics (行为生物识别) is gaining ground. (大多数网络诈骗涉及身份盗窃。密码的帮助。但很多都是可以猜出来的。较新的手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑和台式电脑通常通过指纹和面部识别加强了安全性。但这些都是可以模仿的。这就是为什么一种新的方法——行为生物计量学正在取得进展。)”可推知，行为生物识别用来确保网络安全。故选B。 79．细节理解题。根据第二段“It relies on the wealth of measurements made by today’s devices. These include data from sensors that reveal how people hold their phones when using them, how they carry them and even the way they walk. (它依赖于当今设备所做的大量测量。其中包括来自传感器的数据，这些数据揭示了人们在使用手机时如何拿手机，如何携带手机，甚至是他们走路的方式。)”可知，行为识别技术通过监视和比较用户与设备交互的方式起作用的。故选D。 80．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Used wisely, behavioural biometrics could be a great benefit. (如果使用得当，行为生物识别技术将大有裨益。)”和“Used unwisely, however, the system would become yet another electronic spy on people’s privacy, permitting complete strangers to monitor your every action, from the moment you reach for your phone in the morning, to when you throw it on the floor at night. (然而，如果使用不当，该系统将成为另一个窥探人们隐私的电子间谍，允许完全陌生的人监视你的一举一动，从你早上拿起手机的那一刻，到晚上把手机扔到地板上。)”可推知，作者客观分析了生物识别技术的使用，故对其态度是客观的。故选A。 81．推理判断题。根据第一段“Most online fraud (诈骗) involves identity theft. Passwords help. But many can be guessed. Newer phones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers often have strengthened security with fingerprint and facial recognition. But these can be imitated. That is why a new approach, behavioural biometrics (行为生物识别) is gaining ground. (大多数网络诈骗涉及身份盗窃。密码的帮助。但很多都是可以猜出来的。较新的手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑和台式电脑通常通过指纹和面部识别加强了安全性。但这些都是可以模仿的。这就是为什么一种新的方法——行为生物计量学正在取得进展。)”结合本文主要介绍了一项安全技术——生物识别技术，说明了这项技术的特点以及优缺点。可推断本文很有可能出自杂志的科学技术版块。故选C。 （二十一） （23-24高二下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔市第一中学·期中）A recent study suggests that vitamin D pills can help speed up the time taken for burns to heal, and prevent scarring(结疤). The vitamin, which is produced naturally in the body when the skin is exposed to sunshine, is believed to help protect against burning. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D pills help decrease redness and swelling after sunburn, and may be one of the reasons why the body produces the chemical. The research from Birmingham University, has found they may also help relieve other types of burn. Researchers monitored 38 patients who had suffered serious burns for a year and recorded their levels of vitamin D．They found that those with the highest levels of vitamin D had better wound healing and fewer scars. Professor Janet Lord said: “Low vitamin D levels were associated with worse results in burn patients including life-threatening infections(感染),death and delayed wound healing. Major burn injury severely reduces vitamin D levels and adding this vitamin back may be a simple, safe and cost-effective way to improve the condition for burn patients.” Professor Lord and her team are now focusing on finding out why there is a rapid loss of vitamin D in patients immediately following burn injury and hope that they may be able to prevent this in future. The amount of reduction in patients’ vitamin D levels was not related to the severity(严重程度) of the burn, so levels may also be decreased in minor burn injury, suggesting taking vitamin D pills could also help people with everyday burns. Public Health England now recommends that all Britons take vitamin D pills in the winter because it is impossible to make sufficient quantities in the darker months. 82．What does the new study find? A．People with low vitamin D levels get burned easily. B．Vitamin D helps with the recovery from burn injury. C．Vitamin D pills aid in reducing the swelling from burns. D．Vitamin D is more beneficial to serious burns than minor burns. 83．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．The severity of one's burn reflects his vitamin D levels. B．Vitamin D pills are more needed in the autumn months. C．Burn patients lacking vitamin D are at high risk of infection. D．Minor burns have no effect on patients’ vitamin D levels. 84．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The researchers. B．Vitamin D pills. C．Previous studies. D．Some kinds of vitamins. 85．Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A．Vitamin D: A Necessity for Our Health B．Vitamin D Pills: When Are They Needed? C．Vitamin D: How Much Does the Body Need? D．Vitamin D Pills: Heal Burns &. Prevent Scarring 【答案】82．B 83．C 84．B 85．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，即维生素D可以加快烧伤伤口的愈合速度而且不容易留下疤痕。 82．细节理解题。根据第一段的“A recent study suggests that vitamin D pills can help speed up the time taken for burns to heal, and prevent scarring(结疤).”可知，最近的研究表明，维生素D丸可以加快烧伤的愈合并防止结疤，即新的研究发现了维生素D丸有助于病人从烧伤中恢复。故选B项。 83．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“ Low vitamin D levels were associated with worse results in burn patients including life-threatening infections( 感染),death and delayed wound healing.”可知，维生素D水平低下会导致烧伤患者产生更加严重的后果，包括威胁生命的感染，死亡和伤口愈合延迟，即缺乏维生素D的烧伤患者受到感染的风险很高。故选C项。 84．指代猜测题。根据第二段的“Previous studies have shown that vitamin D pills help decrease redness and swelling after sunburn, and may be one of the reasons why the body produces the chemical.”可知，先前的研究表明，维生素D丸有助于减少晒伤后的泛红和肿胀，这可能是人体产生这种化学物质的原因之一，再由划线词后面的“may also help relieve other types of burn”可知，研究发现它们还可以帮助减轻其他类型的烧伤，这都是在说明维生素D的作用，因此可知they指代的是维生素D丸。故选B项。 85．标题判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段的“A recent study suggests that vitamin D pills can help speed up the time taken for burns to heal, and prevent scarring(结疤). The vitamin, which is produced naturally in the body when the skin is exposed to sunshine, is believed to help protect against burning.”可知，最近的研究表明，维生素D丸可以加快烧伤的愈合并防止结疤。人们认为，当皮肤暴露在阳光下时，人体自然产生的维生素有助于防止灼伤。由此可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，即维生素D可以加快烧伤伤口的愈合速度而且不容易留下疤痕。下文用研究结果说明了其作用，因此选项D（维生素D丸：治疗烧伤并防止疤痕）符合文章主要内容，可以作为标题。故选D项。 （二十二） （23-24高二下·内蒙古开鲁县第一中学、和林格尔县第三中学等区·期中）In the past, music recording was primitive. A recording engineer placed microphones in front of instruments. The producer pressed record and signaled the band to play. There was a human touch to recordings, and this way of recording gave rock music its raw edge. But here we are today. Complex and advanced audio software sits in every recording studio. The higher cost and greater practicality make creating digital music common. However, the modern recordings aren’t beneficial to a rock record. Let’s not forget, being in a band is laborious. You need like-minded musicians to rehearse for hours on end. Nowadays, this isn’t a necessity. Programming drums on a computer is as simple as filling cells on a spreadsheet, and there you have it, a drumbeat. Only a few professionals are aware that they aren’t listening to true live drums. Such tech is even accessible on your smartphone. Whether on a train or in a bedroom, you can create a full band track without a live band. What happened to rock music? With pop and hip hop dominating the charts, it feels like the time for bands is over. Is rock music really dying out? Is it really on its last legs, or are we just not trying hard enough? Artists, inspired by the great rock bands, seek to put their own spin on this classic genre. The spirit of rock music still remains. One singer mixed soul and rock while one band combined indie rock with elements of techno, both with underlying rock characteristics. The truth is that fresh rock bands are out there and you just need to dig deeper. A search through online music blogs shows a growing number of new rock bands. While rock bands are now not as popular as before and not receiving mainstream exposure, the flame still burns brightly. 86．Which words can best describe the past music recording? A．Underdeveloped and low-cost. B．Easy and time-saving. C．Demanding and complex. D．Digital and creative. 87．What makes programming drums easy in modern recording process? A．Low demands for music. B．Advanced audio software. C．Deep understanding of music. D．Help from professional musicians. 88．Why are one singer and one band mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To tell rock music has lost its original attraction. B．To show rock music may be presented in new styles. C．To stress rock music is no longer mainstream music. D．To compare rock music with some other kinds of music. 89．What can be the best title for the text? A．Is Rock Music Going Dead? B．Why Is Rock Music Disappearing? C．A New Kind of Music Is Emerging D．A Way of Recording Music Is Getting Accepted 【答案】86．A 87．B 88．B 89．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。尽管摇滚乐队在主流音乐中不再像以前那样受欢迎，但是摇滚音乐通过引进其他的音乐风格或融入一些科技元素，从而以新的风格呈现，有许多新摇滚乐队正在涌现。 86．推理判断题。根据第一段的“In the past, music recording was primitive. A recording engineer placed microphones in front of instruments. The producer pressed record and signaled the band to play. (在过去，音乐录制是原始的。录音工程师把麦克风放在乐器前面。制作人按下录音键，示意乐队开始演奏。)”可知，过去音乐录制技术落后且成本低廉。故选A。 87．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Programming drums on a computer is as simple as filling cells on a spreadsheet, and there you have it, a drumbeat. Only a few professionals are aware that they aren’t listening to true live drums. Such tech is even accessible on your smartphone. Whether on a train or in a bedroom, you can create a full band track without a live band.(在电脑上编排鼓点就像在电子表格上填满单元格一样简单，这样你就有了一个鼓点。只有少数专业人士意识到他们听的不是真正的现场鼓。这种技术甚至可以在你的智能手机上使用。无论是在火车上还是在卧室里，你都可以在没有现场乐队的情况下创建一个完整的乐轨。) ”可知，在现代录音过程中，编排鼓点之所以变得简单是因为有先进的音频软件，在手机上都可以操作。故选B。 88．推理判断题。根据第四段的“What happened to rock music? With pop and hip hop dominating the charts, it feels like the time for bands is over. Is rock music really dying out? Is it really on its last legs, or are we just not trying hard enough?(摇滚乐怎么了？随着流行音乐和嘻哈音乐在排行榜上占据主导地位，乐队的时代似乎结束了。摇滚乐真的在消亡吗？是它真的快不行了，还是我们还不够努力？)”和第五段的“Artists, inspired by the great rock bands, seek to put their own spin on this classic genre. The spirit of rock music still remains. One singer mixed soul and rock while one band combined indie rock with elements of techno, both with underlying rock characteristics.(艺术家们受到伟大的摇滚乐队的启发，试图在这一经典流派中融入自己的风格。摇滚乐的精神依然存在。一位歌手将灵魂乐和摇滚混合在一起，而一支乐队将独立摇滚与科技元素结合在一起，两者都具有潜在的摇滚特征。)”可知，本段提到一个歌手和一个乐队是为了展示摇滚音乐可以引进其他的音乐风格或融入一些科技元素，从而以新的风格呈现。故选B。 89．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第四段的“What happened to rock music? With pop and hip hop dominating the charts, it feels like the time for bands is over. Is rock music really dying out? Is it really on its last legs, or are we just not trying hard enough?(摇滚乐怎么了？随着流行音乐和嘻哈音乐在排行榜上占据主导地位，乐队的时代似乎结束了。摇滚乐真的在消亡吗？是它真的快不行了，还是我们还不够努力？)”和第五段的“Artists, inspired by the great rock bands, seek to put their own spin on this classic genre. The spirit of rock music still remains. One singer mixed soul and rock while one band combined indie rock with elements of techno, both with underlying rock characteristics.(艺术家们受到伟大的摇滚乐队的启发，试图在这一经典流派中融入自己的风格。摇滚乐的精神依然存在。一位歌手将灵魂乐和摇滚混合在一起，而一支乐队将独立摇滚与科技元素结合在一起，两者都具有潜在的摇滚特征。)”以及最后一段的“The truth is that fresh rock bands are out there and you just need to dig deeper. A search through online music blogs shows a growing number of new rock bands. While rock bands are now not as popular as before and not receiving mainstream exposure, the flame still burns brightly.(事实是，新鲜的摇滚乐队就在那里，你只需要深入挖掘。通过在线音乐博客搜索，可以发现越来越多的新摇滚乐队。虽然摇滚乐队现在不像以前那么受欢迎，也没有得到主流媒体的关注，但火焰仍然燃烧得很亮。)”可知，尽管摇滚乐队在主流音乐中不再像以前那样受欢迎，但是摇滚音乐通过引进其他的音乐风格或融入一些科技元素，从而以新的风格呈现，有许多新摇滚乐队正在涌现。因此，标题“A New Kind of Music Is Emerging”突出了新兴摇滚音乐的产生。故选C。 （二十三） （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特市剑桥中学·期中）Are you an “I person” or an “E person”? These two personality labels in particular are widely discussed online. They are part of a popular personality test called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI. There are 16 personalities in all, of which “I” and “E” refer to “introverted” and “extroverted”, respectively. Even if someone is typically quiet, many online discussions suggest that an “I person” can still act outgoing at times. For example, when an introverted person is with a group of introverted friends, they might become more social like an “E” person. According to psychologists, this idea of temporarily switching personalities is called “masking”. That is hiding your true personality in specific situations. “Human beings want to feel they belong, and they might become people-pleasers to do so,” wrote the MasterClass website. Thinking on this, I may actually be the kind of person that these people are discussing. Most times, I just wish to make the atmosphere more interesting and exciting and show people that I’m easy to get along with. But deep down, I mostly enjoy being alone and quiet. Using the MBTI result to identify and describe someone’s personality seems fun. However, I went too far at one time. My sister was excitedly making a day-to-day travel plan when I remembered from an article that a “P person” doesn’t like to make or stick to plans, so I said to her, “You don’t seem like a ‘P person’”. “Why?” she asked back. “Since when do I need to follow what my personality test tells me to do?” It was then that I realized that I’d taken the result too seriously. The MBTI personality test may show something you don’t know about yourself and can even be a fun ice-breaker question when meeting new friends. And that’s all it is—for fun. Knowing someone’s MBTI result doesn’t mean you really know this person. 90．An “I person” tends to ________. A．reflect on problems alone B．enjoy gatherings with friends C．be active in social situations D．try to chat with complete strangers 91．Why does an “I person” act like an “E person” sometimes? A．Because he/she wants to be like others. B．Because he/she needs a sense of belonging. C．Because he/she dislikes to embarrass others. D．Because he/she is actually an “E person” deep inside. 92．What does the writer mean by saying “I went too far” in paragraph 5? A．She pushed her sister too much. B．She failed to help her sister follow her plan. C．She believed blindly the result of the personality test. D．She discouraged her sister to make a detailed travel plan. 93．What does the writer think about the MBTI? A．It is supposed to be strictly followed. B．It tells you everything about your personality. C．It’s an interesting way to start a chat with a stranger. D．It’s a reliable approach to telling what type of people a person belongs to. 【答案】90．A 91．B 92．C 93．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Myers-Briggs Type Indicator（MBTI）人格测试中的“I”（内向）和“E”（外向）两种类型。文章指出，尽管人们通常被归为某一类型，但在特定情况下可能会暂时表现出不同的性格特点，这被称为“掩饰”。作者反思自己可能也是这种会在不同场合表现出不同性格的人。 90．推理判断题。根据第二段“Even if someone is typically quiet, many online discussions suggest that an “I person” can still act outgoing at times.(即使某人是典型的沉默寡言，许多在线讨论表明，一个“I person”有时仍然可以表现得外向。)”可知，一个“I person”往往会自己一个人思考问题，故选A。 91．推理判断题。根据第二段“For example, when an introverted person is with a group of introverted friends, they might become more social like an “E” person.(例如，当一个内向的人和一群内向的朋友在一起时，他们可能会变得更像一个“E”型的人。)”和第三段“Human beings want to feel they belong, and they might become people-pleasers to do so(人类想要归属感，为此他们可能会成为取悦他人的人)”可知，“I person”有时候表现得像“E person”，因为他/她需要归属感。故选B。 92．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Using the MBTI result to identify and describe someone’s personality seems fun.(用MBTI测试的结果来识别和描述一个人的性格似乎很有趣。)”和“It was then that I realized that I’d taken the result too seriously.(那时我才意识到我把结果看得太认真了。)”可知，作者在第5段说“I went too far”的意思是她盲目地相信了性格测试的结果。故选C。 93．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The MBTI personality test may show something you don’t know about yourself and can even be a fun ice-breaker question when meeting new friends.(MBTI人格测试可能会显示出你对自己不了解的一些东西，甚至可以成为你结识新朋友时一个有趣的破冰问题。)”可知，作者认为MBTI是和陌生人开始聊天的有趣方式。故选C。 （二十四） （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特市剑桥中学·期中）When opening certain mobile apps, users often find disruptive (有干扰性的) open-app advertisements that impact their experience. Open-app advertisements are advertisements that appear in between contents or during transition screens, such as when an app is loading the next page. Some of these advertisements can redirect users to another app if the phone is shaken, causing a lot of frustration for consumers. These open-app advertisements function as gateways and become more common during online shopping festivals, redirecting users to shopping platforms such as Taobao and JD．Most smartphones have a gyroscope sensor (陀螺仪传感器) to detect shaking, leading to unintentional redirection. Many users not only find it annoying to find themselves on an advertisements page, but also have trouble disabling the gyroscope feature since sometimes their phones lack the choice to do so to avoid this issue. In response, authorities have introduced detailed regulations on shaking advertisements gateways. A regulation published in December 2022 outlines specific rules for the design of “shake-to-open” advertisements. It says that these advertisements can only be “clicked through” if the phone’s rotation angle exceeds 35 degrees, with an action time longer than three seconds. Additionally, in February, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology emphasized that pop-up or open-app advertisements should not disrupt users’ experiences. A regulation introduced in May states that advertisements must include a clear button for users to close them. Government enforcement of these regulations presents challenges, as the number of apps and developers is great. However, this should not be an excuse for internet platforms to brea$$