Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 主题阅读训练-【万向思维·高考快递】2024-2025学年高中练习生英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

nullUnit 4 Scientists who changed the world Part A Welcome to the unit Reading 1173111111 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 主题语境大拓展 ●答案见D32 1.阅读理解 子主题1化学家借助互联网普及科学 语篇类型记叙文词数325关键词David Evans,popularize science,online [2021-2022山东省济宁市高一下期中]British chemist David Evans has become an overnight celebrity on Chinese social media.His chemistry experiments have attracted over 2 million followers in just a few months.Evans is a chemistry professor at Beijing University of Chemical Technology.The 60- year-old always wears a white lab coat and a pair of safety goggles(),and smiles often.Some web users say he looks just like the "grandpa of KFC". Evans has posted videos of various experiments.His most popular experiments have attracted millions of hits on video-sharing apps.Excited children's cheers and shouts can be heard in his videos."I hope my experiments can arouse people's interest in science,"he says. Evans has been interested in China since childhood.In the early 1970s,before the reform and opening up,he viewed it as a"country full of mysteries".He first visited the Chinese mainland in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province.He quitted his job in the United Kingdom and moved to Beijing in 1996.Many of his friends thought he was crazy.But Evans said they just saw China's challenges but not its potential. Since 2011,Evans has turned to the Internet to popularize science.He learned short-video apps are also popular in small cities and rural areas.And he realised that this enabled him to reach more students, who lack opportunities to perform fun experiments.But even a one-minute video requires a considerable amount of work.Still,he thinks it's worthwhile to fulfill his responsibility to popularize science. His experiments always fill schools'lecture halls with laughter.Some viewers call him a"Harry Potter-like magician",but he disagrees."A magician never tells the secrets behind his tricks,but a scientist always gives an explanation."He sees himself as a teacher.He performs experiments to spread knowledge,inspire thinking,remove misunderstandings and show that science can create change.Evans says he looks forward to more "chemical reactions"with China. 1.Who is David Evans according to the passage? A.A film celebrity. B.A chemistry teacher. C.A manager of KFC. D.A British magician. 2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraph 3? A.Evans considered the UK to be a country full of mysteries. B.Evans first visited the Chinese mainland in his childhood. C.Evans went to China for a chemistry meeting in 1987. D.Evans moved to Beijing with the support of his friends 3.Why did Evans begin to post videos of experiments on the Internet? A.To popularize science. B.To rise to fame. C.To apply short-video apps. D.To make a fortune. 1175111111 高考快递·练习生 高中英语·必修第三册·YL 4.What can we infer from the passage? A.Evans knows exactly how magic works. B.Evans is a serious scientist and barely smiles. C.Evans will continue to post videos of experiments in China. D.Evans'students like to interrupt his experiments with laughter. .完形填空 子主题2对科学研究的新思考语篇类型议论文词数290关键词a sort of awe,unknown and undiscovered [2021一2022江西省上饶市高一下期末联考]I was in the middle of the Amazon with my wife,a medical researcher there.We did not speak the local language,did not know the customs,and even did not entirely 1 the food.We could not have felt more 2. Then one perfect Amazonian evening,with monkeys calling from beyond the village green,we played soccer.3 darkness came over the field and the match ended,the goal keeper,Juan walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way,"In your home,do you have a moon,too?"I was surprised. After I 4 to Juan that yes,I felt a sort of awe at the 5 that existed in his world,where the unknown and undiscovered was 6 and amazing.Anything was possible. In our society,we know that the Earth has only one moon.I can,from my computer at home,7 satellite images of Juan's village.There are no more moons to search for,little 8 to discover.Yet,as an ant biologist,I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown.How much,though?How 9 are we?The question of what we know and do not know 10 bothers me. I began to 11 newspaper articles about new species,and on and on they 12.In looking into the 13 of biological discovery,I also began to find a collection of scientists,who very often focused on common phenomena more to the point of exhaustion(筋疲力尽)，and even at the risk of the 14 of their peers. We used to think that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters.Yet,when something new 15,more often than not,we do not even know its name. 1.A.produce B.recognise C.attain D.prepare 2.A.conservative B.familiar C.foreign D.natural 3.A.As B.If C.Once D.Although 4.A.announced B.committed C.complained D.responded 5.A.differences B.possibilities C.definitions D.expressions 6.A.suspicious B.similar C.absurd D.vast 7.A.take up B.pull up C.pick up D.make up 8.A.kept B.banned C.left D.bounded 9.A.accessible B.elegant C.ignorant D.relevant 10.A.instantly B.constantly C.occasionally D.absolutely 11.A.evaluate B.seize C.polish D.collect 12.A.appeared B.existed C.formed D.quitted 13.A.fictions B.plots C.stories D.moments 14.A.tease B.envy C.support D.admiration 15.A.updates B.settles C.develops D.emerges Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Part B Grammar and usage Integrated skills 1177/11111 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 主题语境大拓展 ●答案见D33 丨.阅读理解 A 子主题1 科学家罗伯特·胡克 语篇类型记叙文词数326关键词 Robert Hooke,achievement [2021一2022黑龙江省鹤岗市高一下期中]Inventor,physicist,surveyor,astronomer,biologist, artist...Robert Hooke was all these and more.Some say he was the most extraordinary experimental scientist of the 17th century.In the course of his work,he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton,and the great architect Christopher Wren. Hooke's early education began at home,under the guidance of his father.He entered Westminster School at the age of 13,and from there went to Oxford,where he came into contact with some of the best scientists in England.Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments.In 1662,at the age of 28,he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of London-meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating (new experiments at the society's weekly meeting.Hooke accepted the job,even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him! Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favourite pastimes.He invented a compound microscope for this purpose.One day while observing a cork (under a microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures.They were cells-the smallest unit of life.In fact,it was Hooke who invented the term "cell"as the box-like cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery 道院) Another achievement of Hooke's is his book Micrographia,which introduces the enormous potential of the microscope.It contains fascinating drawings of the things he saw under the microscope.The book also includes,among other things,ideas of gravity,light and combustion that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theoretical frameworks of these phenomena. Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy,too.A crater on the moon is named after him in honour of his service to this branch of science. 1.Why did Hooke accept the job as Curator of Experiments? A.He liked designing experiments. B.His family needed his support. C.His parents couldn't afford his education. D.He wanted to please some famous scientists. 2.What does the underlined word"pastimes"in paragraph 3 mean? A.Jobs. B.Experiments. C.Hobbies. D.Structures. 117911111/ 高考快递·练习生高中英语·必修第三册·YL 3.What can we know about Hooke? A.He went to Oxford in 1645. B.He was well paid at the Royal Society of London. C.He made a contribution to medicine. D.His book Micrographia may have helped Newton. 4.Which word can be used to describe Hooke? A.Honest. B.Creative. C.Reliable. D.Modest. B 子主题2利用汽车产生的风能发电的小发明语篇类型说明文词数348关键词 charging a battery, light wind [2021一2022河南省南阳市高一下期中]0 n the side of a busy road leading into Dundee,on the east coast of Scotland,the blades(叶片)of a small wind turbine(涡轮机)move in the wind of passing cars and trucks.It is charging a battery that is below the ground.This is an invention by Sanwal Muneer,a young engineer from Pakistan. Muneer was inspired to create the turbine as he stood on the side of a racetrack several years ago. "At first,the light wind from the cars was just a welcome relief from the heat,"he says."Then I started to think about how we could use that energy." The turbine stands two-and-a-half metres tall.Made of recyclable carbon fibre,it weighs just nine kilogrammes,which makes it easy to transport and set up.The fully-charged battery can hold a kilowatt of electricity,enough to run two lamps and a fan for around 40 hours.The idea is that this could be a source of electricity for rural communities in developing countries,or could power traffic lights or road signs in urban areas. Dundee City Council is the first local authority to allow Muneer's company,Capture Mobility,to test the turbine beside its roads."We want to help engineers create something inventive,which is also beneficial to the city,"says Neil Gellatly,head of roads and transportation for Dundee City Couneil. Capture Mobility moved to Scotland from Pakistan in 2015.The Scottish government is investing in cleaner-energy technologies.Wind is also strong and plentiful all year round here.This made it a good location for Muneer's company. Production costs remain the company's biggest challenge.The turbines must be affordable in developing countries,but achieving this will depend on commercial(商业的)scale（规模).Capture Mobility is now analysing data from the turbine.Later this year,the company plans to send the next stage of the design to the producers."I am passionate about engineering,"Muneer says."But engineering is only a success if it improves lives." 5.How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A.By sharing opinions about turbines. B.By offering the definition of turbines. C.By introducing the inventor's experience. D.By describing the scene of a turbine at work. 111180 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 6.What can we leamn about Muneer's turbine? A.It is fixed to the ground. B.It turns traffic into energy. C.It has been used to power traffic lights D.It is inspired by a rechargeable fan. 7.Why did Capture Mobility move to Scotland? A.To make full use of its wind with the Scottish government's permission. B.To work with its inventive engineers. C.To help solve its energy shortage. D.To answer its government's invitation. 8.What might Capture Mobility do in the future? A.Make the turbine out of recyclable materials.B.Invest in cleaner-energy technologies. C.Test the turbine in Dundee. D.Mass-produce the turbine. ‖.七选五 子主题3一款将手机变成珍断工具的应用程序语篇类型说明文词数234关键词P,m0bie,phone, diagnostic tool,interpret [2021-2022山西省运城市高一下月考]Imagine that you are in a remote village somewhere with no medical clinic.1. Once the doctors get to you,they examine you and take blood samples,but they won't be able to help you until they take the samples back to the hospital to find out what is wrong. 2. Thanks to engineer Andy Ozcan,many people may never be in this situation.He has invented an app that turns your mobile phone into a diagnostic（诊断的)tool. Ozcan's invention is important because it is very accurate and easy to use.In many remote places, even if doctors have microscopes and other instruments to help them make diagnoses,there may still be other problems.Some doctors,for example,don't have enough training to correctly interpret what they see.3. With Ozcan's mobile phone app,health workers can take a special photo of a blood sample and send it to a central computer at a hospital.The computer will then automatically interpret the photo and send a diagnosis back in a few minutes. 4. His technology only requires a mobile phone and an Internet connection.As more than four billion people already have cellphones,the cost of establishing the diagnostic system is fairly low. By inventing a medical tool that uses existing technology-mobile phones,Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical.Therefore,it can be effective almost anywhere.5. A.As a result,they may diagnose illnesses incorrectly. B.People are trying to reduce the cost of this new medical tool. C.This tool has become much more popular all around the world. D.Another reason that Ozcan's invention is important is that it is inexpensive. E.You become very sick and must wait for days until a mobile medical unit arrives to help. F.Ozcan's simple,cost-effective tool might just save millions of lives around the world. G.Even though you may only have a simple infection,you might die because of the delay. 高考快递·练习生 高中英语·必修第三册·YL Part C Extended reading,Project,Assessment Further study 111N82 高考快递·练习生 高中英语·必修第三册·YL 主题语境大拓展 ●答案见D35 1.阅读理解 子主题1 利用卫星监测保护濒危物种 语篇类型说明文词数278关键词 satellite,populations of endangered species..... [202l一2022湖北省襄阳市高-下4月联考]It is reported that a growing number of species are in an immediate danger of extinction due to human's activities.Therefore,scientists have successfully used satellite cameras to count animals in various environments,leading to an important step of environmentalists forward in watching out populations of endangered species to slow down the process of extinction. For this research,the satellite WorldView 3 used high-quality pictures to monitor African elephants moving through forests and grasslands.The automated (system counted the animals as exactly as humans.The new surveying technique,created by Dr.Olga with some other scientists,allows large areas of land to be checked in minutes,offering a better method for human observers to count every single animal from low-flying airplanes.As it flies across the land,a satellite can collect over 5,000 km'every few minutes,avoiding double counting. The population of African elephants has decreased greatly over the past century,mainly due to hunting illegally and habitat ruin.With only 40,000-50,000 elephants left in the wild,the species is classified as endangered. "Correct monitoring is important if we're to save the species,"said Dr.Isupova."We need to know where the animals are and how many there are."Satellite monitoring avoids disturbing animals during data collection and ensures humans are not hurt in the counting process.It also makes it simpler to count animals moving from country to country,as satellites can move around the planet without caring about border issues. This study was not the first to use satellite pictures and algorithms()to monitor species,but it was the first to reliably monitor animals moving through a complex environment-that is,an environment that includes areas of open grassland,woodland and so on."This type of work has been done before with whales,but of course the ocean is all blue,so counting is a lot less challenging,said Dr.Isupova."As you can imagine,a complex environment makes it much harder to identify animals." The researchers believe their work shows the benefits of technology to support environmentalists to protect biodiversity and to slow the progress of the mass extinction-the ongoing extinction event caused by human activity. 1.Why did the scientists create the satellite cameras? A.To count animals in complex environments correctly. B.To increase the number of wild animals. C.To train the skills of observing animals. D.To drive the elephants out of forests in Africa. 11118411 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 2.What can we leamn about the new surveying technique? A.It's only used on land. B.It's hard to operate. C.It is environmentally-friendly D.It works and functions well. 3.What is the condition of African elephants? A.They are now in large numbers. B.They are in diversity. C.They are rapidly reducing. D.They are in extinction. 4.What is the best title for this passage? A.Making the Satellite WorldView 3 for Biodiversity B.Using Satellite to Monitor and Preserve Endangered Species C.Supporting Hunting With New Technology D.Introducing Dr.Olga Isupova at the University of Bath ‖.语法填空 子主题2 人工智能 语篇类型说明文词数192关键词artificial intelligence,speech disability [2021一2022浙江省湖州中学高一下第二次质检]Scientists are now using artificial intelligence to help people 1. cannot speak.Researchers at Columbia's Zuckerman Institute are creating technology to translate brain signals into speech sounds,according to a paper 2. publish)in Scientific Reports. The researchers hope AI technology can help people with a speech 3. disable).They are using a device that decodes(speech sounds after leaming and listening to the speech patterns of humans."Popular voice command systems 4. Apple's Siri also use this technology,"Nima Mesgarani said,who is 5.paper's author. "Our voices help connect us to our friends,family and the world around us,which is why (lose)the power of the voice due to injury or disease is so 7. (frighten）,”said Mesgarani."We have a possible way to restore that power.With the right technology,these people's thoughts could 8. (understand)by any listener."In the study,patients 9. (listen) to a person reading numbers 0-9 while researchers scanned(their brains and the Al turned it into speech.The Al software 10. correct)picked up at least 75 per cent of the patient's language, researchers found. Ⅲ.读后续写 子主题3 下班返家途中的意外经历语篇类型记叙文词数304关键词hopeless,wallet,back,wam [202l一2022江苏省南通市高一下期未调研]It was a freezing cold night,all quiet in the street.Tom was walking home after a tiring day from work,depressed and exhausted.He had been working overtime for nearly a month,his program was still rejected by his manager.Unfortunately,his mom was diagnosed with lung cancer the other day.He felt his life couldn't be worse.As he walked,he thought seriously about giving up his present job and returning to his hometown.He thought in regret if he had not left his 118511111