Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册创新导学案课件PPT（译林版2020）

WELCOME UNIT Unit 2　 Be sporty, be healthy Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading 课前预习自检 目录 CONTENTS 1 重点合作探究 2 课堂效果检测 3 课后课时作业（一） 4 课后课时作业（二） 5 课前预习自检 A beginner's guide to exercise 体育锻炼入门 You want to start doing exercise? 你想开始锻炼身体了吗？ Congratulations! You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you! 祝贺你！你已经向新的、更好的自己跨出了第一步！ 课前预习自检 词句自测 ①_______________ n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺 congratulation 课前预习自检 Understanding the benefits of exercise 了解锻炼的益处 Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? 大多数人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效——但究竟对健康有哪些好处呢？ To start with, physical activity increases the efficiency of your heart and lungs. 首先，体育活动能增强心肺功能。 During exercise, your heart and lungs must work harder. 在锻炼时，你的心脏和肺必须更努力地工作。 This extra effort makes them grow stronger over the long term. 久而久之，这些额外的工作使它们变得更强壮。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ②__________ vt. 假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露 ③_____________ 创造奇迹，产生神奇作用 ④_________ n. 肺 ⑤_________________长期 assume do wonders lung over the long term 课前预习自检 ●It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 已经被证明，积极(定期锻炼)的人往往免疫系统会更好，患病的风险更低。 Moreover, exercise is good for your mental health. 另外，锻炼对心理健康有好处。 Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. 锻炼身体能帮你缓解心理压力，克服负面情绪。 ●Some studies even show that exercise improves certain brain functions, meaning you could actually exercise your way to better performance at school! 一些研究甚至表明锻炼可以改善大脑的某些功能，意味着你确实可以通过锻炼来提高学业成绩！ 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑥_______ vi. 往往会；趋向　vt. 照看 ⑦________ adj. 有免疫力；不受影响的；免除的 ⑧_______ n. 病，疾病 ⑨__________ adv. 此外，而且 ⑩_________ vt. 减少，缩小 ⑪It has also been proven that ... 用了_____________的被动语态，其中It为___________，that引导的从句为____________。 ⑫that exercise improves certain brain functions作show的________从句；meaning ... 是现在分词作_______________。 tend immune disease moreover reduce 现在完成时 形式主语 真正的主语 宾语 伴随状语 课前预习自检 Planning your exercise routine 规划日常锻炼 ●When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. 在制定锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面提升：是心肺功能，肌肉力量，抑或是柔韧性。 Aerobic activities, like jogging, swimming and skiing, develop your heart and lungs. 像慢跑、游泳和滑雪这样的有氧运动，能增强心肺功能。 Strength training, such as pull­ups and weightlifting, increases muscle strength and encourages bone development. 力量训练，比如引体向上和举重，能增加肌肉强度，促进骨骼发育。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑬_______ n. 常规，惯例　adj. 常规的，例行的；乏味的 ⑭ _______ n. 肌肉，肌 ⑮ _______ adj. 有氧的；需氧的 ⑯ _______ n. 慢跑锻炼 ⑰ _______ n. 滑雪(运动) ⑱ _______ n. 引体向上 ⑲ _______ n. 骨头，骨 ⑳ to consider ... 是the first thing的__________，what you expect to improve是what引导的_______从句，what在从句中作improve的_______。 routine muscle aerobic jogging skiing pull­up bone 后置定语 表语 宾语 课前预习自检 Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body's range of movement. 柔韧性训练，包括体操和太极拳，有助于舒展肌肉，加大身体活动范围。 These types of exercise all play a role in a healthy routine. 在一套健康的日常锻炼活动中，这些训练都起着作用。 ●Above all, choose activities you enjoy because, in this way, you're more likely to stick with them. 最重要的是，选择你喜欢的活动，因为这样你更有可能坚持下去。 课前预习自检 词句自测 21 ___________n. 体操，体操训练 22 _________ n. 太极拳，太极 23 _________ vt.& vi. 伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸 24 _________ n. (变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列 25 ____________n. 活动，转动；移动；运动 26 _________ 持续，坚持 27 you enjoy是_________从句，修饰先行词activities，省略了关系代词which/that，在从句中作enjoy的_________。 gymnastics tai chi stretch range movement stick with 定语 宾语 课前预习自检 Eating and drinking right 饮食得当 Like cars that run on petrol, your body burns carbohydrates for energy. 就像汽车要烧汽油才能跑，你的身体也要燃烧碳水化合物来获得能量。 Foods like noodles, rice, fruit and vegetables give your body plenty of carbohydrates to keep up your energy during a long workout. 米面果蔬等食物为身体提供大量的碳水化合物，使你在长时间运动中保持充足的能量。 To help your muscles recover and repair themselves after exercise, you need to eat foods rich in protein, such as fish, eggs and milk products. 锻炼后，为帮助肌肉恢复和自我修复，你需要吃些高蛋白食物，比如鱼、鸡蛋和乳制品。 课前预习自检 词句自测 28 ________n. 汽油 29 ______________ n. 碳水化合物，糖类 30 ________ n. 能，能量；精力；能源 31 ________ n. 蛋白质 petrol carbohydrate energy protein 课前预习自检 ●When to eat is also of great importance. 什么时间吃也很重要。 In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. 一般来说，你应该在锻炼前一个半到两个半小时进食。 Do not eat immediately after exercise; instead, wait at least 30 minutes after a typical routine, or as much as an hour after a hard workout. 运动后不要马上吃东西；相反在常规锻炼后，等到至少过半小时再吃，或者在高强度锻炼后，等一小时后再吃。 Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat. 记住运动时喝水，以弥补出汗所造成的水分流失。 课前预习自检 词句自测 32_________n. 平均水平，一般水准　adj. 平均的；典型的 33 ____________ prep. 自始至终；各处，遍及 34 ____________弥补，补偿 35 ________n. 汗水　vt.& vi. 出汗，流汗 36 When to eat是“疑问词＋不定式”作_________，of great importance是“of＋抽象名词”，等于be＋_________。 average throughout make up for sweat 主语 形容词 课前预习自检 Avoiding injury 避免受伤 ●To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了避免软组织受伤，锻炼时你一定要穿合适的衣服和设备。 You should also start small and slowly work your way to a longer and harder exercise routine to avoid getting hurt. 此外，刚开始锻炼强度要小，要循序渐进地增加锻炼的时间和强度，以防受伤。 课前预习自检 Finally, remember to warm up before exercising and stretch at the end of your workout. 最后，记住锻炼前要热身，结束后要拉伸。 So, now you know the benefits of exercise and how to do it safely and effectively. 那么，你现在已经明白了锻炼的好处，也知道如何安全而高效地锻炼了。 What are you waiting for? 你还在等什么呢？ 课前预习自检 词句自测 37________ n. 伤害，损伤 38________ vt. 阻止，阻碍 39________ n. (人、动植物细胞的)组织；(尤指用作手帕的)纸巾，手巾纸 40___________ n. 设备；配备，装备 41 To prevent soft tissue injury是动词不定式作_____________，that you wear proper clothes作make sure 的_________从句，连接词that在从句中不作成分；when exercising是when引导的__________从句，省略了主语______和be动词______。 injury prevent tissue equipment 目的状语 宾语 时间状语 you are 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 1 congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①People around the nation extended warm congratulations on the centenary of the Party. 全国人民对中国共产党成立100周年表示热烈祝贺。 ②We sent our congratulations to her when she passed the exam. 当她通过考试时，我们向她表示祝贺。 ③He sent me a letter of congratulation, congratulating me on the good result I gained. 他发了一封祝贺信，祝贺我获得好的结果。 ④Let's go and congratulate him on being accepted by Tsinghua University. 他被清华大学录取了，我们去祝贺他吧。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：congratulate/celebrate congratulate “祝贺；道贺”，一般用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面常构成congratulate sb on (upon) sth celebrate 举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，一般用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语，构成celebrate sth 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①We sent Nancy our ________________ (congratulate) on her winning the gold medal in the 1，500 meters race. ②Congratulations ________ your winning the game; I knew you could beat them. (2)选词填空(congratulate/celebrate) ①These good results have given us something to ________． ②We ____________ you on the opening of your business. (3)单句表达 我想对你的成功表示诚挚的祝贺。 I want to express my sincere ________________________________． congratulations on celebrate congratulate congratulations on your success 重点合作探究 2 assume vt. 假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①We assumed him to be the best writer of our time. 我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。 ②It is assumed that this is the best possible translation. 据认为这可能是最佳译文。 ③Assume/Assuming that you are right, we'll make a great deal of money from the project. 假定你是正确的，那我们将会从这项工程中赚得许多钱。 ④A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World. 许多人认为贫困只存在于第三世界。 重点合作探究 名师点津 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①You would be making an ____________ (assume) that's hot based on any fact that you could report. ②It is assumed ______ mental health is related to physical health. ③His views are grounded ______ the assumption that all people are equal. assumption that on 重点合作探究 (2)一句多译 据我所知，许多人认为他是正确的。 As far as I know, a great many people __________________________． ＝As far as I know, a great many people ________________________． ＝As far as I know, a great many people ________________________________． assume him to be right assume that he is right make an/the assumption that he is right 重点合作探究 3 do wonders 创造奇迹，产生神奇作用(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Even if it is simply a walk in nature, it will do wonders for your bonding. 即使只是在大自然中散步，它会为你们的关系创造奇迹。 ②They stared at the strange sight in wonder. 他们惊讶地看着那奇怪的景象。 ③No wonder you're tired, you've been walking for hours. 难怪你累了，你一直走了好几个小时。 ④It is a wonder that he shouldn't have passed the exam. 他这次考试居然会不及格，真是奇怪。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Your writing is so small; it's ________ wonder anyone can read it. ②She gazed at the ocean ________ wonder. ③________ is no wonder he speaks French like a native speaker. (2)单句表达 苦功能创造奇迹。 Hard work ________________． a in It does wonders 重点合作探究 4 tend vi. 往往会；趋向　vt. 照看(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit. 我往往会为集体利益而牺牲自己的利益。 ②His views tend to/towards the extreme. 他的观点趋于偏激。 ③I would like to tend the store for you while you're away. 你不在的时候我愿意帮你照看店铺。 ④It is reported that housing prices have a tendency to decrease in some cities. 据报道房价在某些城市有下降的趋势。 重点合作探究 名师点津 (1)tend to中to有时候为介词，有时候为动词不定式符号，需根据语境来 确定。 (2)作“照料，照管，护理”讲时，tend可以为及物动词，也可以为不及物动词。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①More and more people are tending ________ (read) books by computers or phones rather than go to library to read books. ②There is a growing __________ (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices. ③She has a strong natural tendency _____________ carefulness. (2)单句表达 我累了就容易犯错。 When I'm tired, I ________________________． to read tendency to/towards tend to make mistakes 重点合作探究 5 reduce vt. 减少，缩小(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①She is anxious to take exercise to reduce her fat. 她渴望通过锻炼来减少脂肪。 ②The expenses have been reduced to 1，000 yuan a month. 每月的费用已降到1，000元。 ③Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year. 在过去的一年里，成本已经减少了20%。 ④He was reduced to begging for a living. 他不得不以乞讨为生。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced ________ ruins, the city took on a new look. ②Her weight has been reduced ________ ten kilos by exercise in the gym. (2)单句表达 ①减轻压力的一个最有效的方法是和你信任的人谈论感受。 One of the most effective ways ________________ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust. ②他们的批评使她流下了眼泪。 She ____________________ by their criticisms. to by to reduce stress was reduced to tears 重点合作探究 6 routine n. 常规，惯例　adj. 常规的，例行的；乏味的(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①Make exercise a part of your daily routine. 让锻炼成为你日常生活的一部分。 ②We clean and repair the machines as a matter of routine. 我们定期清洗和修理机器。 ③You should do a series of routine medical checks. 你应该做一些常规的医疗检查。 重点合作探究 单句表达 ①我们必须在我们的日常公务中建立一些制度。 We must introduce some systems into ____________________． ②这种工作很快就变得乏味无聊。 This type of work rapidly __________________． our office routine becomes routine 重点合作探究 7 stretch vt.& vi. 伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①It's said that in Brazil meals can stretch for hours—there's no such thing as rushing a meal. 据说在巴西吃饭可以连续几个小时——没有匆忙吃饭这样的事。 ②She stretched across the table for the apple. 她伸手到桌子那边去拿苹果。 ③He stretched himself out on the sofa and fell asleep. 他在沙发上躺下睡着了。 ④It was good to get out of the car and stretch our legs. 我们下了车活动腿脚，真不错。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①His scarf was so long that it could stretch ________ the room. ②I stretched ________ a hand and picked up the book. (2)单句表达 他打了个哈欠，伸了个懒腰。 He yawned and ________________． across out stretched himself 重点合作探究 8 range n. (变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①She has a wide range of interests. 她兴趣广泛。 ②She puts the picture in/within the baby's range of vision. 她把画放在婴儿看得见的地方。 ③The price of the car is beyond/out of his range. 这辆车的价格超过了他能承受的范围。 ④The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants. 这个国家公园有大量的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Estimates of the damage range ________ $1 million and $5 million. ②The restaurant has become popular for its wide range ________ foods that suit all tastes and pockets. (2)单句表达 你的血压完全在正常范围内。 Your blood pressure's well __________________________． between of in/within the normal range 重点合作探究 9 stick with 持续，坚持(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Practicing is tiresome, but stick with it and some day you will be a good pianist. 练习是很令人厌烦的，但坚持下去，总有一天你将成为一位优秀的钢琴家。 ②She made a face and stuck out her tongue at him. 她做了鬼脸，冲他吐了吐舌头。 ③She finds it impossible to stick to a diet. 饮食受限制，她觉得受不了。 ④I'm stuck in a traffic jam and I can't get there on time. 我陷入交通阻塞，不能准时到那里了。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The car stuck ________ the snow can't start. ②Perhaps he should stick ________ his writing. ③What had Cutter done to make him stick ________ from the crowd? (2)单句表达 他们决定继续执行原来的计划。 They decided to ______________ their original plan. in to out stick with 重点合作探究 10 energy n. 能，能量；精力；能源(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①The country should attach great importance to energy saving and environment protection. 国家应当重视能源节约和环境保护。 ②With natural resources becoming fewer and fewer, how to make use of alternative energy, such as sunlight and wind, has become our top priority. 随着自然资源越来越少，如何利用可替代能源，如太阳能和风能，已成为我们的当务之急。 ③Keeping a proper balance between study and rest keeps us energetic. 在学习与休息之间保持适当的平衡能使我们精力充沛。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：energy/strength/power/force energy “精力，活力，能量”，指人或动物所积蓄的内在或释放的活力，也指物理学上的能量 strength 人或动物的“力气”，人的“优势、强项”，也可指物理学上的强度 power 力的总称，指各种力，如电力、动力或某事物的能力。它也可指人所具有的力量、能力、权力及势力等 force 主要指外力，是推动人或物朝所要求的方向运动或能产生明显效应的力量，也可以指武力 重点合作探究 [图形助记] 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 I find that doing physical exercise a couple of times a week makes me feel more ________ (energy)． (2)选词填空(energy/strength/power/force) ①Human societies have the ________ to solve the problems facing them. ②She has always been encouraged to swim to build up the _______ of her muscles. ③He felt bright and cheerful and full of ________． ④I don't hold with the use of ________． energetic power strength energy force 重点合作探究 (3)单句表达 许多国家正在增加对天然气、风能和其他形式能源的使用。 Many countries are increasing their uses of national gas, ______________________ __________________． wind energy and other forms of energy 重点合作探究 11 When to eat is also of great importance.(教材P17) 什么时间吃也很重要。 剖析 When to eat是“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①When and where to have the meeting hasn't been decided yet.(作主语) 何时何地开会还没确定。 ②She made students think for themselves, rather than telling them what to think.(作宾语) 她让学生们自己思考，而不是告诉他们思考什么。 ③Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends.(作表语) 也许最难的挑战是如何在没有朋友的情况下生存。 ④She had no idea which book to read first.(作同位语) 她不知道先读哪一本书。 ⑤The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble. ＝The boy is too young to know what he should do in trouble. 这个男孩太小，不知道在困境中该做什么。 重点合作探究 名师点津 在“what＋不定式”结构中，不定式中的动词为及物动词，与疑问词what有动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①There are even PSAs to teach us how ________ (live) healthy lives. ②Please explain to me ________ to begin and how to do it. (2)一句多译 明天去哪里还没决定。 _____________ tomorrow has not been decided. ＝________________ tomorrow has not been decided. to live when Where to go Where we will go 重点合作探究 12 average n. 平均水平，一般水准　adj. 平均的；典型的(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①There is very little rain here, merely 60 mm in a year on average. 这里雨水极少，平均每年只有60毫米。 ②Tibet lies at an average of 4，000 metres above sea level. 西藏平均海拔4，000米。 ③Temperatures are above/below average for the time of year. 温度高于/低于此时的年平均温度。 ④The average price of goods rose by just 2.2%. 商品的平均价格仅上涨了2.2%。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Parents spend ________ average of $220 a year on toys for their children. ②________ average, 50 top students in the key middle school go to Peking University and Tsinghua University each year. (2)单句表达 一周记70个生词意味着平均每天只记10个单词。 Remembering 70 new words a week means remembering only 10 words ______________________． an On a day on average 重点合作探究 13 make up for 弥补，补偿(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The workers have decided to make up for the lost time. 工人们已经下决心弥补失去的时间。 ②I think it's very unkind of you to make up stories about him. 我认为你编造关于他的故事是很不友好的。 ③Once she made up her mind, nothing can change it. 一旦她下定决心，什么也不能改变。 ④I don't think we'll make it, but let's try anyway. 我认为我们不一定会成功，但不管怎样还是试试吧。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①You may rely on it that he will make up ________ the loss. ②The medical team was made up ________ ten experts. ③The doctors think he's going to make ________． (2)单句表达 我们不喜欢他是因为他无论什么时候犯错都编借口。 We don't like him because he is always ____________________ whenever he makes mistakes. for of it making up excuses 重点合作探究 14 injury n. 伤害，损伤(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①Don't do that.You'll do yourself an injury. ＝Don't do that.You'll do an injury to yourself. 别那样做。你会把自己弄伤的。 ②Some people have been seriously injured in the road accident. 在这次交通事故中一些人严重受伤。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：injure/harm/wound/hurt injure 一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤 harm 表示对身体、物质或精神上的严重损害，常指伤害人的肉体，损坏东西以及损害健康、品质、事业等 wound 主要用于肉体上的“创伤”，一般指严重的外伤，主要指在战场上受枪弹伤害 hurt 普通用语，在口语中常见。主要指有生命的东西“受伤”。既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The ________ (injure) were taken to a nearby hospital by an ambulance. ②Luckily, they returned me home without any ________ (injure)． (2)选词填空(injure/harm/wound/hurt) ①He ________ his knee playing hockey. ②I'm sorry, I didn't mean to ________ you. ③The product may ________ the environment. ④She began cleaning the ________ with a piece of cloth. injured injuries injured hurt harm wound 重点合作探究 15 To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising．(教材P17) 为了避免软组织受伤，锻炼时你一定要穿合适的衣服和设备。 剖析 when exercising是when引导的时间状语从句的省略，补充完整应为：when you are exercising。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street. 过马路时要注意车辆。 ②He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请，否则他不会和我们一起去那里。 ③Video games can be a poor influence if (they are) left in the wrong hands. 视频游戏如果落在不合适的人手中，将产生极坏影响。 ④If (it is) necessary, you can contact me at home. 必要的话，我在家时你也可以和我联系。 重点合作探究 名师点津 状语从句中的省略记忆口诀： 省略句，真容易，主从主语须统一； 从句若有it be，可用省略不怀疑； 主动“连词＋v.­ing”，被动“连词＋v.­ed”。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①There are some health problems that, when not ________ (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on. ②While ________ (climb) the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. (2)单句表达 ①当被问及这个问题的时候，他们往往在回应之前会犹豫一下。 ____________， they usually hesitate __________________． ②请告诉我，如果有人要来的话，有多少人来。 Please let me know how many are coming, ______________． treated climbing When asked before responding if any 重点合作探究 16 equipment n. 设备；配备，装备(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①We should make a better use of the equipment. 我们应该更好地利用这个设备。 ②Please equip yourself with a pencil and an eraser for the exam. 请准备一支铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。 ③Owners of restaurants have to equip them to admit disabled people. 餐馆老板们必须给餐馆配备接纳残疾人的设施。 重点合作探究 名师点津 equipment为不可数名词，没有复数，也不能直接加不定冠词。表示“一件设备”时，可用a piece/bit of equipment。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①He _____________ (equip) with much experience in teaching. ②A good education should equip you ________ life. ③Our factory develops and makes office ________________ (equip) and teaching facilities. (2)单句表达 健身房有一些器材。 There are ____________________ in the gym. is equipped for equipment pieces of equipment 重点合作探究 17 lack n. 缺乏，匮乏，短缺　vt.& vi. 没有，缺乏，不足，短缺(教材P19) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and (a) lack of exercise. 健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。 ②The theatre has had to close for/through lack of support. 这家剧院光顾者少，只好关闭。 ③The house facing north lacks basic facilities. 这间朝北的房子缺少基础设施。 ④I find it quite boring to chat with those who are lacking in humour. 我觉得和那些缺乏幽默的人聊天很乏味。 重点合作探究 名师点津 lack是表示状态的及物动词，不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Many of our young workers are ________ (lack) in proper training. ②Though ________ (lack) experience, he was willing to work hard. (2)单句表达 因为技能不足他被老板解雇了。 He was fired by the boss ________________ skills. lacking lacking for/through lack of 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测 Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．The Nobel Peace Prize is given to such people as have made great contributions to _____________ (维持) global peace and stability. 2．What made them concerned was that the ________ (疾病) was spreading more rapidly than expected. 3．The source of the information is irrelevant. ___________ (而且), the information need not be confidential. 4．She tried hard to keep calm in face of the students, but the ________ (汗水) on her forehead gave her away. maintaining disease Moreover sweat 课堂效果检测 5．Loose clothing gives you greater freedom of ____________ (活动)． 6．While the World Table Tennis Championships in Suzhou cost a lot, it will surely bridge the distance between people t__________ the world. 7．It is reported that there are over 300 people dead in traffic accidents every day on a________ in China. 8．Occupying herself with r________ office tasks, she had no time to attend to her children. 9．There are 158 footsteps between the bus stop and home, but it can s________ to 180 if you aren't in a hurry. 10．In this way we p________ the spread of this disease. movement hroughout verage outine tretch revented 课堂效果检测 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．—Tina, I have a piece of good news to tell you. I have won first prize in the speech contest. —_______________ (congratulate)! You deserve it. 2．Going to a foreign high school last year ________ (be) a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. 3．I'm feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because one of my feet was ________ (injure)． Congratulations was injured 课堂效果检测 4．—Did you see the new movie directed by that famous director? It's said to be a great success. —No, I have been busy preparing all the office ___________ (equip) these days. 5．What will you do on the ____________ (assume) that you can't beat him in the first round of the match? 6．Don't focus on what you're ________ (lack); instead, you should be content with what you've already had. 7．Older staff members are more experienced while younger ones are more ___________ (energy) and have better foreign language skills. equipment assumption lacking energetic 课堂效果检测 8．People tend ________ (get) together with their families in the week­long holiday. 9．A harmonious family is of ___________ (beneficial) to a child's personal development. 10．The headmaster told us that the best way ________ (earn) respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. to get benefit to earn 课堂效果检测 Ⅲ.单句表达 1．卡洛琳没有语言天赋，但她通过努力弥补了这一点。 Caroline doesn't have a gift for language, but she ________________ it with hard work. 2．过去，人们因为缺乏食物而痛苦不堪。 In the past, __________________ made people suffer. 3．这次展览是欣赏她后期作品的一个难得的机会。 The exhibition is a unique opportunity ______________________． 1makes up for a lack of food to see her later works 课堂效果检测 4．当安那天晚上到家时，她发现布莱恩正在屋里看电视。 _______________________________ that night, Ann found Brian in the house watching TV. 5．现在的问题是如何把计划付诸实践。 Now the question is ________________ the plan into practice. When (she was) arriving home how to put 课堂效果检测 课后课时作业（一） Ⅰ　完形填空 Iram Leon was the first runner to cross the finish line at the Gusher Marathon (马拉松) in Texas on Saturday. But Leon, who has brain cancer, says that his 6­year­old daughter was the __1__—he pushed her in a stroller (儿童车) the entire 26­mile race. Leon was diagnosed (诊断) with brain cancer in November 2010, __2__ after his 30th birthday. Because of his cancer, which __3__ his memory and language skills, Leon isn't able to drive a car, work, or play contact sports like soccer. But __4__ is “just one foot in front of the other”， he said. 课后课时作业（一） 94 His daughter, Kiana, knows that Dad is sick. Since the diagnosis, Leon's perspective on parenting has __5__ greatly. After he __6__ he had cancer, when Kiana was 4, Leon __7__ that he no longer wanted to run—an activity he's enjoyed since third grade—without taking her along for the running. They completed their first half­marathon __8__ in October 2012. Since then, father and daughter have taken part in half a dozen races. On Saturday, at the Gusher, they took their __9__ marathon medal home. Before the race even started, Leon faced __10__. Marathons don't typically __11__ strollers; he was __12__ four different times before the Gusher said it was OK. Over the phone, he stressed that he was uncomfortable with the special __13__， but said the most important thing was being able to race with Kiana. 课后课时作业（一） 95 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Leon(利昂)在其30岁生日后被诊断出癌症，严重影响了他的生活。但他决定和女儿Kiana(基安娜)一起跑步，克服重重困难，最终一起在马拉松比赛中获得奖牌。 篇章导读 Kiana usually laughs at her Dad about placing __14__ her, but this time, Leon said, the girl was cheering “we won” when they crossed the finish line, __15__ her usual “I won”. 课后课时作业（一） 96 1．A.runner B．loser C.winner D．partner 2．A.shortly B．slightly C.entirely D．partly 解析：根据上文“Iram Leon was the first runner to cross the finish line”和下文“he pushed her in a stroller (儿童车)”可知，他六岁的女儿才是赢家(winner)。故选C。 答案 解析 解析：根据语境可知，Leon是在过完30岁生日不久(shortly)后确诊的。故 选A。 课后课时作业（一） 97 3．A.improves B．impacts C.indicates D．interprets 4．A.swimming B．running C.skiing D．reading 解析：根据下文“Leon isn't able to drive a car, work, or play contact sports like soccer.”可知，癌症对他的记忆力和语言能力产生了不良影响。improve “提高；改善”；impact “有影响，有作用”；indicate “表明；显示”；interpret “说明；解释”。故选B。 答案 解析 解析：根据选项可知，符合双脚一只在前一只在后的运动，只有跑步(running)。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 98 5．A.cared B．adapted C.changed D．declined 6．A.pointed out B．tried out C.brought out D．found out 解析：根据下文可知，Leon从不带女儿跑步到带女儿跑步，是一种改变(change)。故选C。 答案 解析 解析：此处应该是指Leon发现自己得了癌症。point out “指出，指明”；try out “试验，考验”；bring out “出版，生产”；find out “发现；查明”。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 99 7．A.protested B．apologized C.decided D．agreed 8．A.together B．somehow C.independently D．individually 解析：此处指Leon下了决定。故选C。 答案 解析 解析：根据下文“Since then, father and daughter have taken part in half a dozen races.”可知，父女俩一起(together)跑步。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 100 9．A.apparent B．first C.final D．ordinary 10．A.dangers B．opportunities C.challenges D．crises 解析：根据上文“They completed their first half­marathon”可知，他们第一次得奖。故选B。 答案 解析 解析：根据第一段中的“he pushed her in a stroller (儿童车)”和下文“Marathons don't typically __11__ strollers”可知，在比赛开始前，Leon就面临着挑战(challenge)。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 101 11．A.admit B．permit C.admire D．recommend 12．A.turned down B．let down C.knocked down D．set down 解析：此处指马拉松比赛的规则里不允许(permit)有儿童车。故选B。 答案 解析 解析：根据下文“before the Gusher said it was OK”可知，Leon的申请被拒绝了四次。turn down “拒绝”；let down “使失望”；knock down “击倒”；set down “记下”。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 102 13．A.equipment B．comment C.achievement D．treatment 14．A.before B．beside C.alongside D．behind 解析：Leon推着儿童车跑马拉松的要求通常来说是会被拒绝的，但最终得到同意，给了Leon特殊对待(treatment)。故选D。 答案 解析 解析：此处指女儿在之前的马拉松比赛中笑话Leon跑在她后面(behind)。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 103 15．A.because of B．instead of C.due to D．as to 解析：根据上文“the girl was cheering ‘we won’ when they crossed the finish line”可知，女儿这次欢呼的是“我们赢了”，而不是(instead of)以往的“我赢了”。故选B。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 104 Ⅱ　阅读 An Indian man recently shocked the airport staff in Abu Dhabi, because his passport showed he was born in 1896, which would make him 123, the oldest man to have ever lived. 课后课时作业（一） 105 Swami Sivananda's passport shows him to be a year older than France's Jeanne Louise Calment, who holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest person in history—122—but the problem is that the only evidenceW1 he has comes from an old temple register. Furthermore, he looks decades younger than his alleged age and has good health. He's been trying to have his name included in the Guinness Book of Records for three years, but he has been having trouble provingP his age. 课后课时作业（一） 106 Allegedly born on August 8, 1896, in Behala, then a village, Sivananda says he lost both his parents when he was only four, and his sister, who used to beg for food with him, two years later. His relativesW2 handed him over to a guru (宗教教师), who brought him to the city of Nadadwip. Later, he settled in Varanasi. Sadly, there was no formal record of his age in these places and Swami Sivananda can only rely on a temple register to prove that he really is 123 years old. 课后课时作业（一） 107 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。一名印度男子震惊了阿布扎比机场的工作人员，因为他的护照上显示他已经123岁，是有史以来最长寿的人。但他的年龄并没有被证实，他还分享了自己能如此长寿的原因。 篇章导读 “I lead a simple and regular life. I eat very simply－boiled food without oil, rice and boiled soup. I avoid taking milk or meat because I think these are fancy. In my childhood I slept many days on an empty stomach，” said Sivananda. “I believe in eating simply, living modestly and being mercifulW3. I feel good when I have tried my best to help those in need.” 课后课时作业（一） 108 1．What shocked the airport staff in Abu Dhabi? A．Sivananda has been trying to break the Guinness Record. B．Sivananda enjoys youthful appearance and good health. C．Sivananda is the oldest man according to his passport. D．Sivananda has been keeping a rare temple register. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，让阿布扎比机场工作人员吃惊的是，Sivananda(希瓦南达)的护照显示他已经123岁，是最长寿的人。故选C。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 109 2．What does the underlined word “alleged” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Actual. B．So­called. C．Recognized. D.Imaginary. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Sivananda的实际年龄还没有被证实，只是声称的123岁。画线词所在句意为：此外，他看起来比他所谓的年龄年轻几十岁，身体健康。alleged意为“所谓的，声称的”。故选B。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 110 3．What is the function of the third paragraph? A．To prove Sivananda really is 123 years old. B．To describe Sivananda's life when he was young. C．To indicate that Sivananda has experienced much. D．To explain Sivananda has trouble proving his age. 解析：推理判断题。第三段主要介绍了Sivananda四岁就失去了父母开始了乞讨生活，最后被收养，所以他的年龄很难查证。并且根据第三段最后一句可知，Sivananda的实际年龄没有被证实。由此可推知，第三段的主要作用是为了解释Sivananda很难证明他的年龄。故选D。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 111 4．What can we know from the words of Sivananda in Paragraph 4? A．He wants to explain the benefits of living simply. B．He wants to show how poor his childhood was. C．He intended to explain how he lives a long life. D．He intended to show he is a kind­hearted man. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，该段主要是Sivananda在描述他的简单而有规律的生活。由此可推知，他想要解释他能如此长寿的原因。故选C。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 112 W重点单词 1．evidence n. ___________ 2.relative n. _________ 3．merciful adj. _______________ P重点短语 have trouble (in) doing sth_________________ 证据 亲戚 宽大的；仁慈的 做某事有困难 课后课时作业（一） 113 Ⅲ　语法填空 Videos on the social networking platform Douyin—also known globally as TikTok—that show men and women with perfect body working out, __1__ (be) common. __2__ (try) to stand out from the crowd among the large number of such videos can often be difficult, but a __3__ (relative) new account, which has only been active since last year, has managed __4__ (do) so easily. The fitness instructor behind this account is not a young woman __5__ a thin figure that would leave viewers green with envy (羡慕). The star here is 70­year­old Chen Jifang, a Shanghai resident (居民) with 3 million __6__ (like) on her Douyin videos. She was once even featured on a __7__ (real) show on China Central Television. 课后课时作业（一） 114 According to her trainer, __8__ helped to manage the Douyin account, Chen attracted more than 400，000 followers within just __9__ few months. “The main group that I want to encourage is people aged 30 to 50，” says Chen. “I think they will __10__ (inspire) to work out in the gym after seeing that a granny like me can. The message I want to convey is that it is never too late to pursue good health.” 课后课时作业（一） 115 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。社交平台抖音上的男女健身视频很常见，但最近一个70岁老人的锻炼视频迅速走红。 篇章导读 1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　 6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________ 课后课时作业（一） 116 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；且主语Videos是复数，谓语动词也用复数。故填are。 1．答案： are 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用动名词作主语；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Trying。 答案 解析 2．答案： Trying 课后课时作业（一） 117 3．答案：relatively 解析：考查词性转换。new是形容词，应用副词修饰。故填relatively。 答案 解析 4．答案：to do 解析：考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth “设法成功做某事”，其中动词不定式作宾语。故填to do。 课后课时作业（一） 118 5．答案：with 解析：考查介词。此处指具有一个瘦体形，介词with的意思是“具有，和……一起”。故填with。 答案 解析 6．答案：likes 解析：考查名词。此处like作名词，意为“喜欢，点赞”，前有3 million修饰，应用名词复数。故填likes。 课后课时作业（一） 119 7．答案：reality 解析：考查词性转换。此处是名词修饰名词，reality show意为“真人秀”。故填reality。 答案 解析 8．答案：who 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指人。故填who。 课后课时作业（一） 120 9．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。固定搭配a few意为“几个”，此处表示“几个月”。故填a。 答案 解析 10．答案：be inspired 解析：考查动词的语态。从句主语they和谓语动词inspire是被动关系；情态动词will后接动词原形。故填be inspired。 课后课时作业（一） 121 Ⅳ　应用文写作 假定你是李华，你打算参加学校组织的一场以“How to live a healthy lifestyle”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你根据以下要点写一篇演讲稿，要点如下： 1．健康生活方式的重要性； 2．如何养成健康的生活方式(至少两点)。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 课后课时作业（一） 122 Good morning! My name is Li Hua. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ Thank you! 课后课时作业（一） 123 [精彩范文] Good morning! My name is Li Hua. It's an honour to be here to give a speech about “How to live a healthy lifestyle”. As we all know, a healthy lifestyle plays an important role in our daily life. Firstly, we are supposed to have a balanced diet and play sports regularly to keep physically healthy. Besides, we should take a positive attitude towards people around us so that we can keep mentally healthy. In addition, I strongly recommend that we should never sit too long in front of a computer because it is bad for our health. I hope all of us can live healthily and happily. Thank you! 答案 课后课时作业（一） 124 课后课时作业（二） 阅读 A I first started playing soccer on a Wednesday three years ago. My cousin played soccer every Wednesday at the park and he dragged me into playing with him that day. My cousin played soccer really well, which made me want to learn how to play soccer so that I could fit in withP1 him. 课后课时作业（二） 126 Growing up without my father, I wasn't so interested in sports. But that day as soon as I started playing soccer, I realized I had a new interest. So for almost a year I was playing soccer at the park every Wednesday with adults. However, I didn't make much progress P2. I started thinking, “If I keep playing with adults, I might not get better because I could never get the ball.” I decided to join a soccer team with kids of my age. After I turned thirteen, I got into my first soccer team. All the players looked professionalW1 and I thought I was going to get defeated. But when I played against them, I found I wasn't that bad. In the following several months, I stopped playing at the park, took all the team's practice, took part in all the games and learned a lot of skills. As a result, I played better and better. 课后课时作业（二） 127 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的表兄喜欢足球，所以作者受其影响，也开始踢足球。开始时和大人踢，没有踢球的机会，所以进步不大。后来加入一个同龄人的球队，作者刻苦训练，成为最佳运动员之一。 篇章导读 By the time I was fourteen, I played with both my soccer team and my cousin. When I played with my team, I was actually one of the best players. However, when I played with my cousin at the park, it was really hard to trick people. Happily, I could give good passes to everybody and I hardly gave the ball away to the opponentsW2. And if I didn't give a pass, I tried for a shot. I'm sure I'll play much better with more practice. Do you play soccer? If you don't, try to take a shot, you may love it. 课后课时作业（二） 128 1．The writer didn't make much progress because ________． A．he didn't practice hard enough B．the adults didn't want to play with him C．his cousin didn't teach him how to play D．he had no chance to practice kicking the ball 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“If I keep playing with adults, I might not get better because I could never get the ball.”可知，作者和大人们一起踢，根本没有接触球的机会，所以进步不大。故选D。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 129 2．When the writer got into his first soccer team, he felt ________ at first. A．excited B．worried C．relaxed D．disappointed 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“All the players looked professional and I thought I was going to get defeated.”可知，作者看到所有球员都那么专业，认为自己会被打败。由此可推知，作者最初是感到担心的。故选B。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 130 3．In the following months after the writer joined the soccer team, he ________． A．often got injured B．practiced very hard C．missed some games D．often played with his cousin 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“In the following several months, I stopped playing at the park, took all the team's practice, took part in all the games and learned a lot of skills.(在接下来的几个月，我停止去公园玩耍，参加所有队的训练，参加所有比赛和学到了许多技能。)”可知，作者训练得非常刻苦。故选B。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 131 4．What's the writer's purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To tell people how to play soccer. B．To show the fun of playing soccer. C．To encourage people to play soccer. D．To show how to live an active life. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Do you play soccer? If you don't, try to take a shot, you may love it.”可推知，作者是在鼓励大家来踢足球。故选C。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 132 W重点单词 1．professional adj. __________ 2．opponent n. __________ P重点短语 1.fit in with______________________________ 2．make progress______________ 专业的 对手 适应；符合；与……一致 取得进步 课后课时作业（二） 133 B Most people can not think of starting their busy day at work without a hot cup of tea. If you are one among such people, you might consider giving up this habit for your own good. According to a recent study, publishedW1 in the Annals of Internal Medicine, drinking hot tea can increase the risk of cancer if people also smoke and drink alcohol. 课后课时作业（二） 134 For regular smokers, drinking hot tea had been linked toP a five­times higher risk of developing esophageal cancer (食道癌), mentioned the study. “We found that the relation between high－temperature tea consumption and esophageal cancer risk was dependent on alcohol and tobacco consumption，” lead author Lv Jun, a professor at the Peking University, was quoted as saying by Time. 课后课时作业（二） 135 For the study, the researchers analyzed data on more than 456，000 adults, between the age of 30 and 79, who did not have cancer at the beginning of the study. The people were studied for about nine years, during the course of which about 1，700 people were seen to have developed esophageal cancer. The authors of the study conclude that hot tea may damage the esophagus, which could increase the chance of injury from other risk factorsW2 such as smoking and drinking. Another way hot tea could increase the risk of cancer was through the formation of inflammatory compounds, caused after repeated damage to the esophagus.　 课后课时作业（二） 136 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。喝热茶能够增加患癌症的风险，尤其是对吸烟喝酒的人来说风险更高，建议我们放弃喝热茶或戒烟。 篇章导读 Earlier in 2016, the World Health Organization had also inferredW3 that hot beverages, including tea, which are above 149 degrees Fahrenheit (65 degrees Celsius), may increase the risk of esophageal cancer. However, the best way to stay safe, obviously, is to give up drinking hot tea or smoking. 课后课时作业（二） 137 5．According to a recent study, drinking hot tea while smoking and drinking may ________． A．be good for people's health B．decrease the risk of cancer C．take more risks of suffering from cancer D．help people quit smoking and drinking 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“drinking hot tea can increase the risk of cancer if people also smoke and drink alcohol”可知，喝热茶的同时吸烟和喝酒可能增加患癌症的风险。故选C。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 138 6．Which of the following may be a suggestion of Lv Jun for heavy－drinkers? A．Drink more hot tea. B．Stop drinking hot tea. C．Drink hot tea and alcohol at the same time. D．Drink hot tea and alcohol at different times. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句中的“We found that the relation between high­temperature tea consumption and esophageal cancer risk was dependent on alcohol and tobacco consumption”可推知，吕筠对酗酒者的建议是停止喝热茶。故选B。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 139 7．How did the researchers do the study? A．By doing experiments in labs. B．By studying patients in hospitals. C．By comparing differences between adults and children. D．By studying information collected in 9 years. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the researchers analyzed data on more than 456，000 adults”和“The people were studied for about nine years”可知，研究人员是通过研究9年来收集的信息来进行这项研究的。故选D。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 140 8．Why does the author mention the World Health Organization's finding? A．To compare the differences of the two studies. B．To stress the importance of the organization. C．To prove the result of the recent study further. D．To introduce the best way for people to stay safe. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Earlier in 2016, the World Health Organization had also inferred that ... increase the risk of esophageal cancer.”可推知，作者提到了世界卫生组织的发现是为了进一步证明最近的研究结果。故 选C。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 141 W重点单词 1．publish v．________ 2．factor n. _______________ 3．infer v．__________ P重点短语 be linked to___________________________ 出版 因素；要素 推断 与……连接/有关联/有联系 课后课时作业（二） 142 C If you want to lose weight, you should choose your lunch companions wisely. A study found that co­workers who ate together tended to pick similarly healthy foods. The researchers said their findings offered policymakers new strategies against fatness. “We found individuals tend to mirror the food choices of others in their social circles，” said Dr Levy, lead author of the research. “People may change their behaviour to strengthenW1 the relationship in their social circle.” 课后课时作业（二） 143 Co­workers may give each other permission to pick unhealthy foods, the researchers said, or place pressure to make a healthier choice. Levy added, “The effect was a bit stronger for healthy foods.” Employees at a hospital could pay using ID cards, allowing the researchers to collect data on what, when and where to buy. They worked out social relationships by looking at how long apart two people bought food, how often they ate and whether they visited a different cafe at the same time. They surveyed W2 over 1，000 employees to ask them about the names of dining partners. 课后课时作业（二） 144 “Considering other shared characteristics, co­workers were influencing each other's habits, rather than friendships formed between people with similar lifestyles，” Levy said. The researchers said their findings could be widely used for public health interventions. It showed that interventions to improve healthy eating in a particular group may have a wider impact in individuals with social connections to that group. 课后课时作业（二） 145 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，一起吃饭的同事往往会选择类似的健康食品。文章主要介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及意义。 篇章导读 Levy said, “To work out whether people with similar lifestyles and food preferences were more likely toP become friends and eat together, we controlled common characteristics and analyzed the data from different angles, consistently finding the results were the same.” 课后课时作业（二） 146 9．How did researchers conduct their study? A．By analyzing data. B．By visiting cafes. C．By making comparisons. D．By interviewing experts. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“They surveyed over 1，000 employees to ask them about the names of dining partners.”可知，研究人员是通过分析数据进行他们的研究的。故选A。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 147 10．The findings may be useful for ________． A．public health guidelines B．food processing standards C．personal career suggestions D．social service requirements 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“The researchers said their findings could be widely used for public health interventions.”可知，这些发现可能对公共卫生指南有用。故选A。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 148 11．According to Dr Levy, what may strengthen social relationships? A．Buying food at the same cafe. B．Picking food at the same time. C．Using ID cards to pay in hospital. D．Copying each other's food choices. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“individuals tend to mirror the food choices of others”以及“People may change their behaviour to strengthen the relationship”可推知，模仿对方的食物选择可以加强社会关系。故选D。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 149 12．What is the study mainly about? A．How people choose lunch companions wisely. B．How social circles affect people's food preference. C．How policymakers offer new strategies against fatness. D．How researchers give co­workers permission to pick foods. 解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容以及第四段第二句“They worked out social relationships by looking at how long apart ... time.”可知，研究的主要内容是社交圈如何影响人们的食物偏好。故选B。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 150 W重点单词 1．strengthen v. _________________ 2．survey v. _________ P重点短语 be likely to __________________　 加强，增强 调查 有可能；倾向于 课后课时作业（二） 151 R “假设，如果”的表达法还有： if＝eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(supposing/suppose that ... ,providing/provided that ... ,on condition that ... ,in case ... )))) $$