精品解析：福建省厦门外国语学校2024-2025学年高二下学期第一次月考英语试题

厦外2024-2025学年第二学期高二第一次月考 英语试题 本试卷分I卷和II卷两部分，共10页，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。本试题附有答题卡。 注意事项：1.用2B铅笔将自己的准考证号填涂在答题卡上。 2.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答。 3.答案必须写在答题卡上各题目指定区域内的相应位置上，超出指定区域的答案无效。 4.不准使用涂改液。 不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 第I卷（共85分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. Why was the man late for work? A He was stuck in traffic. B. He had a traffic accident. C. His car broke down on the road. 2. Where is the woman probably from? A. Peru. B. Britain. C. Mexico. 3. What is the man doing? A. Placing an order. B. Complaining about an item. C. Inquiring about a delivery service. 4. What do we know about Jim? A. He has a leg injury. B. He withdrew from the football team. C. He spent his holiday with his teammates. 5. Who might Lily be? A. The woman's babysitter. B. The woman's boss. C. The woman's child. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What was the woman doing when it started raining? A. She was walking home. B. She was playing football. C. She was chatting with a friend. 7. What did the woman fail to do? A. Find a shelter. B. Contact her mom. C. See the lightning. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. When does the conversation take place? A. In the morning. B. At noon. C. In the afternoon. 9. Why doesn't the man go to the conference room now? A. He needs to meet the clients. B. He is working on another task. C. He has checked the heater before. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What is the woman doing? A. Borrowing a tent. B. Packing a tent. C. Returning a tent. 11. What is the woman's motivation for climbing? A. To have fun. B. To improve her fitness. C. To get close to nature. 12. Where will the speakers do rock climbing together? A. At a gym. B. In the wild. C. At a climbing center. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What happened to the woman at the beginning? A. She lost her phone. B. She couldn't find the way. C. She was trapped in heavy snow. 14. Why did the woman turn off the engine? A. The car was running out of gas. B. She stopped to answer a call. C. The engine couldn't work properly. 15. How did the woman keep warm? A. By drinking hot tea. B. By using the car heater. C. By having more clothes on. 16. What did the emergency services do? A. They called an ambulance. B. They led the woman to her home. C. They helped the woman go to the main road. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Which requirement is first mentioned? A. The age limit. B. Police records. C. References. 18. Who can be a reference for the applicants? A. Police officers. B. Their former bosses. C. Their relatives. 19. What should the reference be about? A. Work performance. B. Work habits. C. Work experience. 20. What will be at the volunteers' own expense? A. Dinners. B. Phone calls. C. Transportation. 第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries. In Brazil Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours — there’s no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls. In Singapore Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines how people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank. In the United Arab Emirates In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So do not pull away from the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows (肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented. In Switzerland The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others' time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate. 1. Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss? A. They put efficiency in the first place. B. They dislike face-to-face communication. C. They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible. D. They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank. 2. In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered? A. When greeting seniors. B. When meeting the host alone. C. When attending a presentation. D. When dining with business partners. 3. The passage is mainly about ________. A. communication types. B. the workplace atmosphere. C. customs and social manners. D. living conditions and standards. B Wealth starts with a goal saving a dollar at a time Call it the piggy bank strategy. There are lessons in that time-honored coin-savings container. Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps. If you wished to climb a 12,000-foot mountain, and could do it a day at a time, you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year. If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15,000 cost, you have to save $3.93 a day. If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1,434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate after-tax, you will have your trip money. When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it. We associate piggy banks with children, but in many countries, the little containers are also popular with adults. Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth. Around the world, many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year’s Day brings good luck and financial success. Ah, yes, but you have to put something in it. Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving? Why not an elephant bank which is bigger and holds more coins? In the Middle Ages, before modern banking and credit instruments, people saved money at home, a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish. Potters(制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored clay(黏土) called “pygg,” and folks saved coins in pygg jars. The Middle English word for pig was “pigge.” While the Saxons pronounced pygg, referring to the clay, as “pug,” eventually the two words changed into the same pronunciation, sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy. As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal, a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig, delighting children and adults. The piggy bank was born. Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings. While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, adults often need to relearn childhood lessons. Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money—college education, weddings, cars, medical care, starting a business, buying a home, and fun stuff like great trips. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely. 4. What is the piggy bank strategy? A. Paying 1% income tax at a time. B. Setting a goal before making a travel plan. C. Aiming high even when doing small things. D. Putting aside a little money regularly for future use. 5. What does the underlined word “something”(Paragraph 3) most probably refer to? A. Money. B. Gifts. C. Financial success. D. Good luck. 6. The piggy bank originally was ________. A a potter’s instrument B. a cheap clay container C. an animal-shaped dish D. a pig-like toy for children 7. The last paragraph talks about ________. A. the seriousness of educating children B. the enjoyment of taking a great trip C. the importance of managing money D. the difficulty of starting a business C Last summer, two nineteenth-century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montana, to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco. The houses were made of wood. These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil; now they hold Twitter engineers. The cottages could be an example of the industry’s odd love affair with “low technology,” a concept associated with the natural world, and with old-school craftsmanship that exists long before the Internet era. Low technology is not virtual-so, to take advantage of it, Internet companies have had to get creative. The rescued wood cottages, fitted by hand in the late eighteen-hundreds, are an obvious example, but Twitter’s designs lie on the extreme end. Other companies are using a broader interpretation of low technology that focuses on nature. Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees, so that employees can “work and socialize in a more natural, park-like setting.” At Google’s office, an entire floor is carpeted in grass. Facebook’s second Menlo Park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail. Olle Lundberg, the founder of Lundberg Design, has worked with many tech companies over the years. “We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives, and our tech engineers are the ones who feel impoverished (贫乏的), because they’re surrounded by the digital world,” he says. “They’re looking for a way to regain their individual identity, and we’ve found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that.” This craft-based theory is rooted in history. William Morris, the English artist and writer, turned back to pre-industrial arts in the eighteen-sixties, just after the Industrial Revolution. The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines. “Without creative human occupation, people became disconnected from life,” Morris said. Research has shown that natural environments can restore our mental capacities. In Japan, patients are encouraged to “forest-bathe,” taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure. These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. Rachel Kaplan, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environments. Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office — even simple views of trees and flowers — felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying. If low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then, fine, bring on the cottages. 8. Low technology is regarded as something that ________. A. is related to nature B. is out of date today C. consumes too much energy D. exists in the virtual world 9. The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that human beings ________. A. have destroyed many pre-industrial arts B. have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts C. can become intelligent by learning history D. can regain their individual identity by using machines 10. The writer’s attitude to “low technology” can best be described as ________. A. positive B. defensive C. cautious D. doubtful 11. What might be the best title for the passage? A. Past Glories, Future Dreams. B. The Virtual World, the Real Challenge. C. High-tech Companies, Low-tech Offices. D. The More Craftsmanship, the Less Creativity. D In a new study, Iowa Psychologist Ed Wasserman gave the pigeons complex categorization tests that high-level thinking would not aid in solving. Instead, the pigeons, by trial and error, eventually were able to memorize enough situations in the test. This basic process of making associations — considered a lower-level thinking technique — is the same between the test-taking pigeons and the latest AI advances. The researchers sought to figure out two types of learning: one declarative learning, is based on exercising reason according to a set of rules or strategies — a so-called higher level of learning owned mostly by people. The other, associative learning, centers on recognizing and making connections between objects or patterns, such as “sky-blue” and “water-wet. ” Wasserman’s team designed a difficult test to find out whether the pigeons use declarative or associative learning. Each test pigeon was shown a stimulus (刺激)and had to decide, by pecking (啄) a button on the right or on the left, to which category that stimulus belonged. What made the test so demanding was that no rules or logic would help finish the task. They have to memorize the individual stimuli or regions from where the stimuli occur. Over hundreds of tests, the four test pigeons eventually upped their score from 50% to an average of 68% right. “The pigeons are like AI masters” Wasserman says. “Both of them employ associative learning, and yet that base-level thinking is what allowed the pigeons to ultimately score successfully.” If people were to take the same test, they’d score poorly and would probably give up because they rely so heavily on rules or strategies. Those rules would get in the way of learning. The pigeon doesn’t have that high-level thinking process. But it doesn’t get in the way of their learning. In fact, in some ways it facilitates it. “People are stunned by AI doing amazing things using a learning algorithm (算法) much like the pigeon,” Wasserman says, “yet when people talk about associative learning in humans and animals, it is discounted as inflexible and uncomplicated. ” 12. Which of the following is a typical example of associative learning ? A. Tom refuses to put hands on hot stoves after burns. B. Dolphins detect obstacles using sound waves. C. Chimpanzees use physical gesture strategies. D. Emily figures out math problems with logic. 13. How did the pigeons improve their performance in the test? A By pecking the stimuli. B. By finding rule or logic. C. By competing with each other. D. By making numerous attempts. 14. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. AI and man use the same learning pattern. B. Associative learning is underestimated. C. People think highly of declarative learning. D. Pigeons finish tasks with AI algorithms. 15. Which can be a suitable title of the text? A. Pigeon’s Peck Can Mirror High Tech B. AI Contributes to a New Learning Pattern C. AI Can Enrich Human Learning Experience D. Pigeon’s Learning Largely Extends High Tech 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Whether it is the flu or any of the other cold-like viruses rising in winter, it seems that stuffy noses and sore throats are common symptoms. You may have noticed, however, that your cold seems to get better or worse depending on the time of day. ___16___ Then, they partially clear up throughout the day, only to get worse once more as you get to bed. Why does this happen? Currently, the leading idea is that symptom severity is linked to our circadian rhythm (昼夜节律). The circadian rhythm is very important for daily cellular processes and can be affected by the amount of sleep and light we get each day. ___17___ While resting, the body uses the downtime to recover. ___18___ This also applies when you are ill—the body floods the blood with white blood cells called leukocytes, resulting in and immune response against diseases and the immune system fighting infection. This, therefore, explains why our cold symptoms get worse as we settle down for a night’s sleep. Cells infected by viruses are attracted to the local area and killed, causing soreness in the affected tissues, and mucus (鼻涕) floods the nose to join the fight. ___19___ You wake up feeling like death due to the battle happening within. ___20___ The first is simply gravity. When you lie down, your mucus builds up in the nose, causing pressure and headaches. As you stand up, you start to feel better. Another factor is about hormones. Hormonal imbalances can be caused by lack of sleep at night and could influence immune function, leading to a cycle of sleepless nights and then feeling worse. A. Others are reporting the same thing. B. It’s a good thing, but it really doesn’t feel like it. C. Gravity helps out a lot more when you are upright. D. Most commonly, you wake up with worse symptoms. E. There are other reasons why you might feel worse at night. F. This is why sleep is so important after you’ve been to the gym. G. It also plays a critical role in controlling the heart and the immune system. 第三部分 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I had worried myself sick over Simon’s mother coming to see me. I was a new ____21____, and I gave an honest account of the students’ work. In Simon’s case, the grades were awfully low. He couldn’t read his own handwriting. But he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects with nearly adult comprehension. His work in no way reflected his ____22____. So when Simon’s mother entered the room, my palms were sweating. I was completely ____23____ for her kisses on both my cheeks. “I came to thank you,” she said, surprising me beyond speech. Because of me, Simon had become a different person. He talked of how he ____24____ me, he had begun to make friends, and for the first time in his twelve years, he had ____25____ spent an afternoon at a friend’s house. She wanted to tell me how grateful she was for the ____26____ I had nurtured in her son. She kissed me again and left. I sat, stunned, for about half an hour, ____27____ what had just happened. How did I make such a life-changing difference to that boy without ____28____ knowing it? What I finally came to remember was one day, several months before, when some students were ____29____ reports in the front of the class. Jeanne spoke _____30_____, and to encourage her to raise her voice, I had said, “Speak up. Simon’s the expert on this. He is the only one you have to convince, and he can’t hear you in the _____31_____ of the room.” That was it. From that day on, Simon had sat up straighter, paid more attention, smiled more, and became happy. And it was all because he _____32_____ to be the last kid in the last row. The boy who most needed _____33_____ was the one who took the last seat that day. It taught me the most _____34_____ lesson over the years of my teaching career, and I’m thankful that it came ____35____ and positively. A small kindness can indeed make a difference. 21. A. cleaner B. reporter C. monitor D. teacher 22. A. courage B. abilities C. feelings D. dream 23. A. desperate B. responsible C. unprepared D. unsuitable 24. A. loved B. envied C. pleased D. criticized 25. A. gradually B. constantly C. recently D. obviously 26. A. self-respect B. self-doubt C. self-pity D. self-defense 27. A. imagining B. observing C. wondering D. regretting 28. A. also B. even C. always D. still 29. A. writing B. reviewing C. editing D. giving 30. A. quietly B. repeatedly C. quickly D. firmly 31. A. entrance B. middle C. front D. back 32. A. intended B. pretended C. refused D. happened 33. A. change B. praise C. thanks D. visits 34. A. difficult B. painful C. valuable D. enjoyable 35. A. early B. slowly C. frequently D. occasionally 第II卷（本卷共计65分） 第四部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分25分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题1.5分，满分21分） A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Helen Keller was a remarkable figure who overcame incredible odds. Stricken by an illness in early childhood, she lost her sight and hearing, contributing to her having a tendency ____36____ (be) wild and frustrated. However, her life changed when Anne Sullivan showed up. Anne insisted ____37____ teaching Helen despite her initial resistance. One day, as water ____38____ (flow) over Helen’s hand, Anne spelled “water” on her palm. It was the first time that Helen ____39____ (connect) a word with a physical object. She thought ____40____ strange at first but soon got the world of language ____41____ (open) up to her. Helen later became a writer, and ____42____ she recorded in her story the journey of learning and growth inspired countless people. Her story is a testament to the power of perseverance and the human spirit. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese calligraphy, with a long history, is more than just writing. It is a profound art form deeply rooted in Chinese culture. Its ____43____ (define) goes beyond aesthetics, carrying the passed-on wisdom of generations. Wang Xizhi, a renowned calligrapher, owed his great achievement in creating a unique style ____44____ years of dedication. Devoting countless hours to ____45____ (perfect) every stroke (笔划), he demonstrated in his works exceptional skills and also influenced the expansion of calligraphy styles. Today, with ____46____ (enthusiastic), many take up calligraphy as a hobby. In addition, widely ____47____ (promote) in schools of all levels, this traditional art ____48____ (make) accessible to more followers so far. It is ____49____ (benefit) for individuals to cultivate patience and an appreciation for beauty, and it also plays a crucial role in preserving and spreading Chinese culture globally. 第二节 新概念第85课默写（共2小题；每小题2分，满分4分） 50. ……Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present mark the occasion. All those________________ will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmaster's home. ……After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, ________________.（根据句意填空） 第五部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 51. 假定你是国际学校学生李华，校英文报正在组织“AI助力校园图书管理”创意提案征集活动。请以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1.提案的背景； 2.提案的内容（包含AI赋能图书馆管理的特点或例子）； 3.预期效果。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Proposal for AI-empowered Campus Library Management ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “You don’t have to come, you know,” Lee whispered angrily. A few months ago, Dad had suggested taking Lee and his friends on a day trip to the Rocky Mountain National Park. It was meant to be boys only, but then Father decided at the last minute to take Frankie along. Now she was baggage— her brother’s unwanted baggage. Dad said, “Listen up. You need to take responsibility for your own equipment.” Frankie and the boys dutifully checked their equipment. Frankie looked at Dad’s kit. There was a compass, a survival blanket, first-aid kit, extra water, matches, and more. By the time they reached the parking lot, it was mid-morning and there were few people around. Frankie and her dad studied the map while the boys hung around. It was raining lightly when they set out — the boys racing ahead, followed by Dad and Frankie. The trail stretched before them, disappearing into the forest like a path in a fairy tale. They climbed steadily, the day brightening around them. All around, there was nothing but trees, the bright-blue sky overhead, and glimpses of the magnificent Mummy Ranges. When they reached an alpine meadow (高山草甸), Dad announced it was lunchtime. Frankie took off her backpack and gazed at the vastness of the landscape surrounding her. After lunch, Frankie followed behind, determined to put some distance between herself and the boys. Frankie watched Adam climb up the rock, closely followed by Lee and Damien. Dad carefully pulled himself up after the boys, but as he went to stand up, the corner of the rock broke into pieces, and he lost his balance. Although he fell only a short distance, he landed awkwardly and hard. Frankie heard the air go out of him before he prepared another breath to yell. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150 左右; 2，请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Dad fell!” Frankie shouted, her voice edged with tears. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Not too much later, Lee and Adam were back with a park keeper. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 厦外2024-2025学年第二学期高二第一次月考 英语试题 本试卷分I卷和II卷两部分，共10页，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。本试题附有答题卡。 注意事项：1.用2B铅笔将自己的准考证号填涂在答题卡上。 2.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答。 3.答案必须写在答题卡上各题目指定区域内的相应位置上，超出指定区域的答案无效。 4.不准使用涂改液。 不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 第I卷（共85分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. Why was the man late for work? A. He was stuck in traffic. B. He had a traffic accident. C. His car broke down on the road. 2. Where is the woman probably from? A. Peru. B. Britain. C. Mexico. 3. What is the man doing? A. Placing an order. B. Complaining about an item. C. Inquiring about a delivery service. 4. What do we know about Jim? A. He has a leg injury. B. He withdrew from the football team. C. He spent his holiday with his teammates. 5 Who might Lily be? A. The woman's babysitter. B. The woman's boss. C. The woman's child. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What was the woman doing when it started raining? A. She was walking home. B. She was playing football. C She was chatting with a friend. 7. What did the woman fail to do? A. Find a shelter. B. Contact her mom. C. See the lightning. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. When does the conversation take place? A. In the morning. B. At noon. C. In the afternoon. 9. Why doesn't the man go to the conference room now? A. He needs to meet the clients. B. He is working on another task. C. He has checked the heater before. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What is the woman doing? A. Borrowing a tent. B. Packing a tent. C. Returning a tent. 11. What is the woman's motivation for climbing? A. To have fun. B. To improve her fitness. C. To get close to nature. 12. Where will the speakers do rock climbing together? A. At a gym. B. In the wild. C. At a climbing center. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What happened to the woman at the beginning? A. She lost her phone. B. She couldn't find the way. C. She was trapped in heavy snow. 14. Why did the woman turn off the engine? A. The car was running out of gas. B She stopped to answer a call. C. The engine couldn't work properly. 15. How did the woman keep warm? A. By drinking hot tea. B. By using the car heater. C. By having more clothes on. 16. What did the emergency services do? A. They called an ambulance. B. They led the woman to her home. C. They helped the woman go to the main road. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Which requirement is first mentioned? A. The age limit. B. Police records. C. References. 18. Who can be a reference for the applicants? A. Police officers. B. Their former bosses. C. Their relatives. 19. What should the reference be about? A. Work performance. B. Work habits. C. Work experience. 20. What will be at the volunteers' own expense? A. Dinners. B. Phone calls. C. Transportation. 第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries. In Brazil Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours — there’s no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls. In Singapore Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines how people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank. In the United Arab Emirates In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So do not pull away from the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows (肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented. In Switzerland The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others' time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate. 1. Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss? A. They put efficiency in the first place. B. They dislike face-to-face communication. C. They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible. D. They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank. 2. In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered? A. When greeting seniors. B. When meeting the host alone. C. When attending a presentation. D. When dining with business partners. 3. The passage is mainly about ________. A. communication types. B. the workplace atmosphere. C. customs and social manners. D. living conditions and standards. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了不同国家在商务场合中的行为习惯和社交礼仪。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据In Singapore“Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines how people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank.”（新加坡人在讨论中很直接，即使话题涉及金钱。等级很重要，权威受到尊重。这决定了人们在会议中的互动方式。例如，人们避免直接与上级发生争执。）可知，新加坡人避免与上级争执是因为他们尊重等级和权威。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据In the United Arab Emiratess“When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.(在一对一的会议中，如果主人提供咖啡，你应该拒绝。这看起来可能很奇怪，但这是文化传统。只有在咖啡已经摆好或呈上时，才应该接受)”可知，在阿联酋，当与主人单独会面时，应该拒绝主人提供的咖啡。故选B。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.(这里有一些必须知道的信息，这些信息来自一本关于人们在一些国家做生意时如何行事的手册)”及全文内容可知，文章分别介绍了巴西、新加坡、阿联酋和瑞士在商务场合中的行为习惯和社交礼仪，主要围绕不同国家的习俗和社交礼仪展开。选项C（习俗和社交礼仪）最能概括文章主旨，故选C。 B Wealth starts with a goal saving a dollar at a time. Call it the piggy bank strategy. There are lessons in that time-honored coin-savings container. Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps. If you wished to climb a 12,000-foot mountain, and could do it a day at a time, you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year. If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15,000 cost, you have to save $3.93 a day. If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1,434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate after-tax, you will have your trip money. When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it. We associate piggy banks with children, but in many countries, the little containers are also popular with adults. Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth. Around the world, many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year’s Day brings good luck and financial success. Ah, yes, but you have to put something in it. Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving? Why not an elephant bank, which is bigger and holds more coins? In the Middle Ages, before modern banking and credit instruments, people saved money at home, a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish. Potters(制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored clay(黏土) called “pygg,” and folks saved coins in pygg jars. The Middle English word for pig was “pigge.” While the Saxons pronounced pygg, referring to the clay, as “pug,” eventually the two words changed into the same pronunciation, sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy. As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal, a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig, delighting children and adults. The piggy bank was born. Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings. While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, adults often need to relearn childhood lessons. Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money—college education, weddings, cars, medical care, starting a business, buying a home, and fun stuff like great trips. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely. 4. What is the piggy bank strategy? A. Paying 1% income tax at a time. B. Setting a goal before making a travel plan. C. Aiming high even when doing small things. D. Putting aside a little money regularly for future use. 5. What does the underlined word “something”(Paragraph 3) most probably refer to? A. Money. B. Gifts. C. Financial success. D. Good luck. 6. The piggy bank originally was ________. A. a potter’s instrument B. a cheap clay container C. an animal-shaped dish D. a pig-like toy for children 7. The last paragraph talks about ________. A. the seriousness of educating children B. the enjoyment of taking a great trip C. the importance of managing money D. the difficulty of starting a business 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了存钱罐策略，教导人们定期储蓄，理财从小做起。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Wealth starts with a goal saving a dollar at a time. Call it the piggy bank strategy. There are lessons in that time-honored coin-savings container. (财富始于一次节省一美元的目标。我们可以把它称为“存钱罐策略”。在这个历史悠久的存钱罐里，我们可以学到很多东西。)”可知，存钱罐策略是定期存一小笔钱以备将来使用。故选D。 【5题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Around the world, many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year's Day brings good luck and financial success. (在世界各地，许多人相信在新年第一天收到储蓄罐的礼物会带来好运和经济上的成功。)”可知，储蓄罐里面的礼物会带来好运和经济上的成功，由此推断放到储蓄罐里面的是钱，这笔钱放到储蓄罐里面可以用于储蓄，意味着送礼人给收礼人的祝福-好运，及经济上的寓意-成功，即something指代金钱money。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Potters(制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored clay(黏土) called “pygg,” and folks saved coins in pygg jars. (陶工们用一种叫做“pygg”的橙色粘土制作了这些便宜的容器，人们把硬币保存在pygg罐子里。)”可知，存钱罐原本是廉价的陶土容器。故选B。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, adults often need to relearn childhood lessons. Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money—college education, weddings, cars, medical care, starting a business, buying a home, and fun stuff like great trips. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely. (当储蓄罐教会孩子们储蓄的智慧时，成年人往往需要重新学习童年的经验。想想生活中那些需要大量金钱的事情——大学教育、婚礼、汽车、医疗、创业、买房，以及像旅行这样有趣的事情。所以当你有钱的时候，把那10%的钱存起来，明智地储蓄和投资。)”可知，蓄罐教会孩子们储蓄的智慧，接着提到生活中需要大量资金的事情，如教育、婚礼、购房等，强调了理财的重要性。由此可知，最后一段讨论了管理金钱的重要性。故选C。 C Last summer, two nineteenth-century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montana, to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco. The houses were made of wood. These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil; now they hold Twitter engineers. The cottages could be an example of the industry’s odd love affair with “low technology,” a concept associated with the natural world, and with old-school craftsmanship that exists long before the Internet era. Low technology is not virtual-so, to take advantage of it, Internet companies have had to get creative. The rescued wood cottages, fitted by hand in the late eighteen-hundreds, are an obvious example, but Twitter’s designs lie on the extreme end. Other companies are using a broader interpretation of low technology that focuses on nature. Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees, so that employees can “work and socialize in a more natural, park-like setting.” At Google’s office, an entire floor is carpeted in grass. Facebook’s second Menlo Park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail. Olle Lundberg, the founder of Lundberg Design, has worked with many tech companies over the years. “We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives, and our tech engineers are the ones who feel impoverished (贫乏的), because they’re surrounded by the digital world,” he says. “They’re looking for a way to regain their individual identity, and we’ve found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that.” This craft-based theory is rooted in history. William Morris, the English artist and writer, turned back to pre-industrial arts in the eighteen-sixties, just after the Industrial Revolution. The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines. “Without creative human occupation, people became disconnected from life,” Morris said. Research has shown that natural environments can restore our mental capacities. In Japan, patients are encouraged to “forest-bathe,” taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure. These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. Rachel Kaplan, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environments. Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office — even simple views of trees and flowers — felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying. If low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then, fine, bring on the cottages. 8. Low technology is regarded as something that ________. A. is related to nature B. is out of date today C. consumes too much energy D. exists in the virtual world 9. The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that human beings ________. A. have destroyed many pre-industrial arts B. have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts C. can become intelligent by learning history D. can regain their individual identity by using machines 10. The writer’s attitude to “low technology” can best be described as ________. A. positive B. defensive C. cautious D. doubtful 11. What might be the best title for the passage? A. Past Glories, Future Dreams. B. The Virtual World, the Real Challenge. C. High-tech Companies, Low-tech Offices. D. The More Craftsmanship, the Less Creativity. 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇短文讲述的是关于现代科技公司运用“大自然对人们创造力产生作用”的理念，积极创设原生态的办公环境。这里提到的低科技指的是工业化之前的建造技术，它更贴近自然。在自然的办公环境下，职员们不会感到有压力，对他们的健康是有好处的。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The cottages could be an example of the industry’s odd love affair with “low technology,” a concept associated with the natural world, and with old-school craftsmanship that exists long before the Internet era.(这些别墅可能是该行业对“低技术”的奇怪热爱的一个例子，这是一个与自然世界有关的概念，与互联网时代之前很久就存在的老派工艺有关)”可知，低科技跟大自然有关。故选A。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“This craft-based theory is rooted in history. William Morris, the English artist and writer, turned back to pre-industrial arts in the eighteen-sixties, just after the Industrial Revolution. The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines. “Without creative human occupation, people became disconnected from life,” Morris said.(这种以工艺为基础的理论根植于历史。英国艺术家兼作家威廉·莫里斯在工业革命刚刚结束的19世纪60年代，又回到了前工业时代的艺术。工艺美术运动反对机器。“没有创造性的人类职业，人们就会与生活脱节，”莫里斯说)”可知，第5段的主要观点是人类有重视艺术和手工艺的传统。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Research has shown that natural environments can restore our mental capacities. In Japan, patients are encouraged to “forest-bathe,” taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure.(研究表明，自然环境可以恢复我们的心智能力。在日本，病人被鼓励“森林浴”，在树林里散步以降低血压)”以及最后一段“Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office — even simple views of trees and flowers — felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying. If low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then, fine, bring on the cottages.(她的研究发现，在办公室能接触到大自然的员工——即使是简单的树木和鲜花——也会觉得他们的工作压力更小，更有满足感。如果低技术含量的办公室有可能滋养员工的大脑，改善他们的心理健康，那么，好吧，建造别墅吧)”可知，作者对“低技术”的态度是“积极的”。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The cottages could be an example of the industry’s odd love affair with “low technology,” a concept associated with the natural world, and with old-school craftsmanship that exists long before the Internet era.(这些别墅可能是该行业对“低技术”的奇怪热爱的一个例子，这是一个与自然世界有关的概念，与互联网时代之前很久就存在的老派工艺有关)”以及最后一段“If low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then, fine, bring on the cottages. (如果低技术含量的办公室有可能滋养员工的大脑，改善他们的心理健康，那么，好吧，建造别墅吧)”结合文章主要说明了互联网公司已经重新发现了低技术的好处，解释了低技术的概念以及高科技公司对低技术的运用。可知，C选项“高科技公司，低科技办公室”最符合文章标题。故选C。 D In a new study, Iowa Psychologist Ed Wasserman gave the pigeons complex categorization tests that high-level thinking would not aid in solving. Instead, the pigeons, by trial and error, eventually were able to memorize enough situations in the test. This basic process of making associations — considered a lower-level thinking technique — is the same between the test-taking pigeons and the latest AI advances. The researchers sought to figure out two types of learning: one declarative learning, is based on exercising reason according to a set of rules or strategies — a so-called higher level of learning owned mostly by people. The other, associative learning, centers on recognizing and making connections between objects or patterns, such as “sky-blue” and “water-wet. ” Wasserman’s team designed a difficult test to find out whether the pigeons use declarative or associative learning. Each test pigeon was shown a stimulus (刺激)and had to decide, by pecking (啄) a button on the right or on the left, to which category that stimulus belonged. What made the test so demanding was that no rules or logic would help finish the task. They have to memorize the individual stimuli or regions from where the stimuli occur. Over hundreds of tests, the four test pigeons eventually upped their score from 50% to an average of 68% right. “The pigeons are like AI masters” Wasserman says. “Both of them employ associative learning, and yet that base-level thinking is what allowed the pigeons to ultimately score successfully.” If people were to take the same test, they’d score poorly and would probably give up because they rely so heavily on rules or strategies. Those rules would get in the way of learning. The pigeon doesn’t have that high-level thinking process. But it doesn’t get in the way of their learning. In fact, in some ways it facilitates it. “People are stunned by AI doing amazing things using a learning algorithm (算法) much like the pigeon,” Wasserman says, “yet when people talk about associative learning in humans and animals, it is discounted as inflexible and uncomplicated. ” 12. Which of the following is a typical example of associative learning ? A. Tom refuses to put hands on hot stoves after burns. B. Dolphins detect obstacles using sound waves. C. Chimpanzees use physical gesture strategies. D. Emily figures out math problems with logic. 13. How did the pigeons improve their performance in the test? A. By pecking the stimuli. B. By finding rule or logic. C. By competing with each other. D. By making numerous attempts. 14. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. AI and man use the same learning pattern. B. Associative learning is underestimated. C. People think highly of declarative learning. D. Pigeons finish tasks with AI algorithms. 15. Which can be a suitable title of the text? A. Pigeon’s Peck Can Mirror High Tech B. AI Contributes to a New Learning Pattern C. AI Can Enrich Human Learning Experience D. Pigeon’s Learning Largely Extends High Tech 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。心理学家通过实验证明鸽子和最新的人工智能使用了同样的学习方法：联想学习。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The other, associative learning, centers on recognizing and making connections between objects or patterns, such as ‘sky-blue’ and ‘water-wet. ’（另一种是联想学习，侧重于识别和建立物体与物体之间或图案与图案之间的联系，比如“天—蓝”和“水—湿”。）”可知，联想学习的本质是建立联系。在“汤姆烫伤后不愿把手放在热炉子上”这一现象中，汤姆把烫伤和热炉子联系了起来，这属于联想学习。选项A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Over hundreds of tests, the four test pigeons eventually upped their score from 50% to an average of 68% right.（经过数百次测试，四只测试鸽子的平均正确率从50%提高到68%。）”可知，鸽子在测试中通过多次尝试提高它们的表现。选项D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘People are stunned by AI doing amazing things using a learning algorithm (算法)much like the pigeon, ’ Wasserman says, ‘yet when people talk about associative learning in humans and animals, it is discounted as inflexible and uncomplicated. ’（沃瑟曼说：“人们惊讶于人工智能使用像鸽子一样的学习算法做出惊人的事情，然而，当人们谈论人类和动物的联想学习时，它被认为是不灵活和简单的。”）”可知，人们认为联想学习法对人类和动物来说不灵活且简单，但人工智能却用这种学习法做出惊人的事情，由此推知，联想学习之是被低估了的。选项B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“In a new study, Iowa Psychologist Ed Wasserman gave the pigeons complex categorization tests that high-level thinking would not aid in solving. Instead, the pigeons, by trial and error, eventually were able to memorize enough situations in the test. This basic process of making associations — considered a lower-level thinking technique — is the same between the test-taking pigeons and the latest AI advances.（在一项新的研究中，爱荷华州心理学家Ed Wasserman对鸽子进行了复杂的分类测试，这些测试是高级思维无法帮助解决的。相反，鸽子通过反复试验，最终能够在测试中记住足够多的情况。这种建立联系的基本过程——被认为是一种较低层次的思维技巧——在参与测试的鸽子和最新的人工智能发展之间是一样的。）”和第三段中“Each test pigeon was shown a stimulus (刺激) and had to decide, by pecking (啄) a button on the right or on the left, to which category that stimulus belonged. (每只测试鸽都被展示了一个刺激，并必须通过啄右边或左边的按钮来决定这个刺激属于哪一类)”可知，心理学家通过实验证明鸽子和最新的人工智能使用了同样的建立联系的学习过程，同时实验中的鸽子需要通过啄按钮来完成任务。结合选项可推知，可用“Pigeon’s Peck Can Mirror High Tech (鸽子啄按钮与高科技有共通之处)”是最佳标题。选项A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Whether it is the flu or any of the other cold-like viruses rising in winter, it seems that stuffy noses and sore throats are common symptoms. You may have noticed, however, that your cold seems to get better or worse depending on the time of day. ___16___ Then, they partially clear up throughout the day, only to get worse once more as you get to bed. Why does this happen? Currently, the leading idea is that symptom severity is linked to our circadian rhythm (昼夜节律). The circadian rhythm is very important for daily cellular processes and can be affected by the amount of sleep and light we get each day. ___17___ While resting, the body uses the downtime to recover. ___18___ This also applies when you are ill—the body floods the blood with white blood cells called leukocytes, resulting in and immune response against diseases and the immune system fighting infection. This, therefore, explains why our cold symptoms get worse as we settle down for a night’s sleep. Cells infected by viruses are attracted to the local area and killed, causing soreness in the affected tissues, and mucus (鼻涕) floods the nose to join the fight. ___19___ You wake up feeling like death due to the battle happening within. ___20___ The first is simply gravity. When you lie down, your mucus builds up in the nose, causing pressure and headaches. As you stand up, you start to feel better. Another factor is about hormones. Hormonal imbalances can be caused by lack of sleep at night and could influence immune function, leading to a cycle of sleepless nights and then feeling worse. A. Others are reporting the same thing. B. It’s a good thing, but it really doesn’t feel like it. C. Gravity helps out a lot more when you are upright. D. Most commonly, you wake up with worse symptoms. E. There are other reasons why you might feel worse at night. F. This is why sleep is so important after you’ve been to the gym. G. It also plays a critical role in controlling the heart and the immune system. 【答案】16. D 17. G 18. F 19. B 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析的是流感及类似感冒症状随着一天中的不同时间而好转或恶化的原因。 【16题详解】 根据空前“You may have noticed, however, that your cold seems to get better or worse depending on the time of day. (然而，你可能已经注意到，你的感冒似乎随着一天中的不同时间而好转或恶化。)”可知，感冒的症状在一天的不同时间而好转或恶化，结合空后的“Then, they partially clear up throughout the day, only to get worse once more as you get to bed. (然后，它们在一天中会部分消失，但在你上床睡觉时又会变得更糟。)”可知，此处讲述的是，在一天中症状部分消失，但到晚上情况又会变得更糟，由此可推断，此空处应描述的是感冒症状糟糕，D选项“Most commonly, you wake up with worse symptoms. (最常见的是，你醒来时症状更严重。)”讲述的内容是对空前内容的进一步分析，刚醒来时，感冒症状糟糕，与空后的症状部分消失衔接，其中的then为解题的关系信息。故选D项 【17题详解】 根据空前的“The circadian rhythm is very important for daily cellular processes and can be affected by the amount of sleep and light we get each day. (昼夜节律对日常细胞过程非常重要，并且会受到我们每天睡眠和光照的影响。)”可知，此处讲述的是昼夜节律的对日常细胞的影响以及昼夜节律受到睡眠和光照的影响，G选项“It also plays a critical role in controlling the heart and the immune system. (它在控制心脏和免疫系统方面也起着关键作用。)”讲述的是它对控制心脏和免疫系统方面也起着重要的作用，其中的it指代空前的The circadian rhythm，且空前的“very important”与G选项中的“also plays a critical role in”相呼应。故选G项。 【18题详解】 根据本段的主题句“While resting, the body uses the downtime to recover. (休息时，身体利用休息时间来恢复。)”可知，此处讲述的是休息对身体恢复的作用，结合空后的“This also applies when you are ill—the body floods the blood with white blood cells called leukocytes, resulting in and immune response against diseases and the immune system fighting infection. (这也适用于你生病的时候——身体会向血液中注入被称为白细胞的白细胞，从而产生对抗疾病和免疫系统对抗感染的免疫反应。)”可知，此处讲述的是适用于休息来恢复自己身体的情况，根据also可知，此空处讲述的内容与利用休息来恢复自己身体的情况相关，F选项“This is why sleep is so important after you’ve been to the gym. (这就是为什么在你去了健身房之后睡觉是如此重要。)”讲述的内容与休息相关，且与空后的内容吻合。故选F项。 【19题详解】 根据空前的“Cells infected by viruses are attracted to the local area and killed, causing soreness in the affected tissues, and mucus (鼻涕) floods the nose to join the fight. (被病毒感染的细胞被吸引到局部区域并被杀死，导致受感染组织疼痛，粘液涌入鼻子加入战斗。)”可知，被感染的细胞被引导局部区域被杀死，粘液也会涌入鼻子加入战斗，杀死病毒应对身体是有好处的，结合空后的“You wake up feeling like death due to the battle happening within. (当你醒来时，由于体内的斗争，你感觉自己像死了一样。)”可知，人们醒来时确实感觉很糟糕，综上可知，此空处应是承上启下的作用，B选项“It’s a good thing, but it really doesn’t feel like it.(这是件好事，但我真的感觉不像。)”讲述的前半部分与空前内容吻合，后半部分与空后的内容吻合，起到了承上启下的过渡作用。故选B项。 【20题详解】 分析语篇可知，此处应为该段的主题句，根据空后的“The first is simply gravity. When you lie down, your mucus builds up in the nose, causing pressure and headaches. As you stand up, you start to feel better. (首先是重力。当你躺下时，你的粘液在鼻子里积聚，造成压力和头痛。当你站起来的时候，你开始感觉好多了。)”和“Another factor is about hormones. (另一个因素是荷尔蒙。)”可知，该段应是分析了其它造成感觉不好的原因，E选项“There are other reasons why you might feel worse at night. (还有其它的原因会让你在晚上感觉更糟。)”讲述的是还有其它原因造成晚上感觉更糟，与本段内容一致，且可以作为主题句概括本段主题。故选E项。 第三部分 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I had worried myself sick over Simon’s mother coming to see me. I was a new ____21____, and I gave an honest account of the students’ work. In Simon’s case, the grades were awfully low. He couldn’t read his own handwriting. But he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects with nearly adult comprehension. His work in no way reflected his ____22____. So when Simon’s mother entered the room, my palms were sweating. I was completely ____23____ for her kisses on both my cheeks. “I came to thank you,” she said, surprising me beyond speech. Because of me, Simon had become a different person. He talked of how he ____24____ me, he had begun to make friends, and for the first time in his twelve years, he had ____25____ spent an afternoon at a friend’s house. She wanted to tell me how grateful she was for the ____26____ I had nurtured in her son. She kissed me again and left. I sat, stunned, for about half an hour, ____27____ what had just happened. How did I make such a life-changing difference to that boy without ____28____ knowing it? What I finally came to remember was one day, several months before, when some students were ____29____ reports in the front of the class. Jeanne spoke _____30_____, and to encourage her to raise her voice, I had said, “Speak up. Simon’s the expert on this. He is the only one you have to convince, and he can’t hear you in the _____31_____ of the room.” That was it. From that day on, Simon had sat up straighter, paid more attention, smiled more, and became happy. And it was all because he _____32_____ to be the last kid in the last row. The boy who most needed _____33_____ was the one who took the last seat that day. It taught me the most _____34_____ lesson over the years of my teaching career, and I’m thankful that it came ____35____ and positively. A small kindness can indeed make a difference. 21. A. cleaner B. reporter C. monitor D. teacher 22. A. courage B. abilities C. feelings D. dream 23. A. desperate B. responsible C. unprepared D. unsuitable 24. A. loved B. envied C. pleased D. criticized 25. A. gradually B. constantly C. recently D. obviously 26. A. self-respect B. self-doubt C. self-pity D. self-defense 27. A. imagining B. observing C. wondering D. regretting 28. A. also B. even C. always D. still 29. A. writing B. reviewing C. editing D. giving 30. A. quietly B. repeatedly C. quickly D. firmly 31. A. entrance B. middle C. front D. back 32. A. intended B. pretended C. refused D. happened 33. A. change B. praise C. thanks D. visits 34. A. difficult B. painful C. valuable D. enjoyable 35. A. early B. slowly C. frequently D. occasionally 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者作为一个新老师，因为偶然的一句表扬，改变了一个成绩很差的孩子的性格和命运，足可见老师的话对学生有多么重要。老师教给学生知识，而最重要的是通过给孩子鼓励和信心而形式积极的人生观。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是一名新老师，我如实地汇报了学生们的作业情况。A. cleaner清洁工；B. reporter记者；C. monitor班长；D. teacher老师。根据后文“I gave an honest account of the students’ work”（我如实地汇报了学生们的作业情况）可知，“我”是一名新“老师”（teacher）。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的作业丝毫没有反映出他的能力。A. courage勇气；B. abilities能力；C. feelings感受；D. dream梦想。根据前文“But he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects with nearly adult comprehension.”（但他是个聪明的学生。他以近乎成年人的理解能力讨论成人话题）可知，他的作业完全不能反映他的“能力”（abilities）。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我完全没有准备好接受她在我双颊上的吻。A. desperate绝望的；B. responsible负责任的；C. unprepared无准备的；D. unsuitable不合适的。根据前文“So when Simon’s mother entered the room, my palms were sweating.”（所以当西蒙的妈妈走进房间时，我的手心在出汗）以及后文““I came to thank you,” she said, surprising me beyond speech.”（“我是来感谢你的，” 她说，让我惊讶得说不出话来）可知，“我”完全没有“准备好”（unprepared）迎接她亲吻我的双颊。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说他多么喜欢，他已经开始交朋友了，最近他在一个朋友家里度过了一个下午，这是他十二年来第一次。A. loved爱，喜欢；B. envied嫉妒；C. pleased使高兴；D. criticized批评。根据前文“Because of me, Simon had become a different person.”（因为我，西蒙变成了一个不同的人）以及后文“he had begun to make friends, and for the first time in his twelve years”（他开始交朋友，并且在他十二年的人生中第一次……）可知，他说他有多么“喜欢”（loved）我。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他说他多么喜欢我，他已经开始交朋友了，最近他在一个朋友家里度过了一个下午，这是他十二年来的第一次。A. gradually渐渐地；B. constantly持续不断地；C. recently最近；D. obviously明显地。根据语境，这里说的是在他十二年的人生中，“最近”（recently）他第一次在一个朋友家度过了一个下午。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：她想告诉我，她是多么感激我在她儿子身上培养出的自尊。A. self-respect自尊；B. self-doubt自我怀疑；C. self-pity自怜；D. self-defense自卫。根据前文提到西蒙的变化，他开始交朋友等以及下文“I had nurtured in her son”可知她想告诉我她是多么感激我在她儿子心中培养的“自尊”（self-respect）。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我呆坐了大约半个小时，想知道刚才发生了什么。A. imagining想象；B. observing观察；C. wondering想知道；D. regretting后悔。根据前文“I sat, stunned, for about half an hour”（我惊呆了，坐了大约半个小时）以及后文“What I finally came to remember was one day”（我最后想起来的是有一天）可知，“我”坐在那里，惊呆了，大约半个小时，“想知道”（wondering）刚才发生了什么。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我是如何在不知情的情况下改变了那个男孩的一生？A. also也；B. even甚至；C. always总是；D. still仍然。根据语境以及下文“knowing it”可知，“我”在“甚至”（even）不知道的情况下对那个男孩产生如此改变人生的影响呢。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最终记起的是几个月前的一天，一些学生在全班面前做报告。A. writing写；B. reviewing复习；C. editing编辑；D. giving做(报告)。根据后文“Jeanne spoke ____10____, and to encourage her to raise her voice, I had said, “Speak up. Simon’s the expert on this. He is the only one you have to convince, and he can’t hear you in the ____11____ of the room.””可知，一些学生在全班同学面前“做”（giving）报告。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：珍妮说话很平静，为了鼓励她提高嗓门，我说：“大点声说。”A. quietly轻声地；B. repeatedly反复地；C. quickly快速地；D. firmly坚定地。根据后文 “and to encourage her to raise her voice”（并且为了鼓励她提高声音）可知，珍妮说话“轻声地”（quietly）。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是你唯一需要说服的人，他在房间后面听不到你说话。A. entrance入口；B. middle中间；C. front前面；D. back后面。根据后文“And it was all because he... to be the last kid in the last row.”（而这一切都是因为他……是最后一排的最后一个孩子）可知，西蒙坐在教室“后面”（back）听不到。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一切都是因为他碰巧是最后一排的最后一个孩子。A. intended打算；B. pretended假装；C. refused拒绝；D. happened碰巧，发生。根据语境，从那天起，西蒙坐得更直了，更专注了，笑得更多了，也变得开心了，而这一切都是因为他“碰巧”（happened）是最后一排的最后一个孩子。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最需要表扬的男孩是那天坐最后一个座位的那个。A. change改变；B. praise表扬；C. thanks感谢；D. visits拜访。根据前文“From that day on, Simon had sat up straighter, paid more attention, smiled more, and became happy.”西蒙的变化以及他因为老师的一句话而改变可知，最需要“表扬”（praise）的那个男孩就是那天坐在最后一个座位上的男孩。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我多年的教学生涯中，它教会了我最有价值的一课，我很感激它来得早，而且是积极的。A. difficult困难的；B. painful痛苦的； C. valuable有价值的，宝贵的；D. enjoyable令人愉快的。根据后文“A small kindness can indeed make a difference.”（小小的善举确实能带来改变）可知，这给“我”在多年的教学生涯中上了最“有价值的”（valuable）一课。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在我多年的教学生涯中，它教会了我最有价值的一课，我很感激它来得早，而且是积极的。A. early早地；B. slowly慢地；C. frequently频繁地；D. occasionally偶尔地。根据前文“I’m a new teacher”（我是一名新老师）可知，“我”很感激它来得“早”（early）并且是积极的。故选A项。 第II卷（本卷共计65分） 第四部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分25分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题1.5分，满分21分） A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Helen Keller was a remarkable figure who overcame incredible odds. Stricken by an illness in early childhood, she lost her sight and hearing, contributing to her having a tendency ____36____ (be) wild and frustrated. However, her life changed when Anne Sullivan showed up. Anne insisted ____37____ teaching Helen despite her initial resistance. One day, as water ____38____ (flow) over Helen’s hand, Anne spelled “water” on her palm. It was the first time that Helen ____39____ (connect) a word with a physical object. She thought ____40____ strange at first but soon got the world of language ____41____ (open) up to her. Helen later became a writer, and ____42____ she recorded in her story the journey of learning and growth inspired countless people. Her story is a testament to the power of perseverance and the human spirit. 【答案】36. to be 37. on##upon 38. flowed 39. had connected 40. it 41. opened 42. how 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了海伦·凯勒克服身体障碍、学习语言并最终取得成就的过程。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在幼年时因一场疾病，她失去了视力和听力，这导致她有一种变得野蛮和沮丧的倾向。名词tendency后用不定式形式作定语，have a tendency to do“有……的倾向”是固定搭配。故填to be。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：安妮不顾海伦最初的反对，坚持要教她。insist on/upon doing“坚持做某事”是固定搭配。故填on/upon。 【38题详解】 考查时态。句意：一天，当水从海伦的手上流过时，安妮在她的手掌上拼写了“water”。空格处是时间状语从句的谓语动词，描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填flowed。 【39题详解】 考查时态。句意：这是海伦第一次把一个单词和一个实物联系起来。在固定句型It was the first time that...中，that从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。故填had connected。 【40题详解】 考查代词。句意：起初她觉得很奇怪，但很快语言的世界就向她敞开了大门。空格处应该用一个代词代指上一句中提到的“把一个词和一个实物联系起来”这件事，作thought的宾语，应用代词it。故填it。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：起初她觉得很奇怪，但很快语言的世界就向她敞开了大门。根据句意和空格前的动词got可知，空格处应该用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语the world of language与动词open之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词opened作补足语。故填opened。 【42题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：海伦后来成为了一名作家，她如何用自己的故事记录学习和成长的旅程，激励了无数人。 she recorded in her story the journey of learning and growth是主语从句，空格处应该填入一个连接词引导主语从句，且意义为“如何”，所以用连接副词how。故填how。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese calligraphy, with a long history, is more than just writing. It is a profound art form deeply rooted in Chinese culture. Its ____43____ (define) goes beyond aesthetics, carrying the passed-on wisdom of generations. Wang Xizhi, a renowned calligrapher, owed his great achievement in creating a unique style ____44____ years of dedication. Devoting countless hours to ____45____ (perfect) every stroke (笔划), he demonstrated in his works exceptional skills and also influenced the expansion of calligraphy styles. Today, with ____46____ (enthusiastic), many take up calligraphy as a hobby. In addition, widely ____47____ (promote) in schools of all levels, this traditional art ____48____ (make) accessible to more followers so far. It is ____49____ (benefit) for individuals to cultivate patience and an appreciation for beauty, and it also plays a crucial role in preserving and spreading Chinese culture globally. 【答案】43. definition 44. to 45. perfecting 46. enthusiasm 47. promoted 48. has been made 49. beneficial 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国书法这一艺术形式，讲述了书法家王羲之的成就，还说明了如今书法受大众喜爱以及在学校广泛推广的情况。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：它的定义超越了美学范畴，承载着世代传承的智慧。提示词作主语，用名词definition，意为“定义”，结合谓语动词goes可知，主语是单数名词。故填definition。 【44题详解】 考查介词。句意：著名书法家王羲之将自己创造独特风格的巨大成就归功于多年的专注。“owe...to...”是固定短语，意为“把……归功于……”。故填to。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他投入无数时间去完善每一笔划，在作品中展现出非凡技艺，也影响了书法风格的拓展。动词perfect意为“完善，使完美”，“devote...to...”中to是介词，后面接动名词perfecting作宾语。故填perfecting。 【46题详解】 考查名词。句意：如今，怀着热情，许多人将书法作为一种爱好。提示词作介词with后宾语，用名词enthusiasm，意为“热情”，不可数名词。故填enthusiasm。 【47题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，这一传统艺术在各级学校广泛推广，到目前为止，更多的追随者能够接触到它。“widely (promote) in schools of all levels,”作状语，promote(推广)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语this traditional art之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填promoted。 【48题详解】 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：此外，这一传统艺术在各级学校广泛推广，到目前为止，更多的追随者能够接触到它。make(使变得)是谓语动词，与主语this traditional art之间是被动关系，根据时间状语“so far”可知，描述过去持续到现在的行为，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填has been made。 【49题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它对个人培养耐心和欣赏美的能力有益，也在全球范围内保护和传播中国文化方面发挥着至关重要的作用。提示词作表语，用形容词beneficial，意为“有益的”，表明主语It(即书法)的性质。故填beneficial。 第二节 新概念第85课默写（共2小题；每小题2分，满分4分） 50. ……Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present mark the occasion. All those________________ will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmaster's home. ……After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, ________________.（根据句意填空） 【答案】 ①. who have contributed towards the gift ②. one is never too old to learn 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句意：这所学校的学生，无论新老，都将送他一份礼物来纪念这个日子。所有捐赠礼物的人都将在一个大相册上签名，这个相册将被送到校长家。......退休后，他将致力于园艺。对他来说，这将是一个全新的爱好。但这并不重要，但这并不重要，因为正如他经常说的，活到老学到老。根据句意，空一需要填入一个定语从句来修饰All those，指人，用关系代词who引导从句，表示“所有捐赠礼物的人”，contribute towards the gift“捐赠礼物”，结合句意此处表示结果和影响用现在完成时，who指代先行词all those，是复数，故译为who have contributed towards the gift；空二为谚语“活到老，学到老”，译为one is never too old to learn。故填①who have contributed towards the gift②one is never too old to learn。 第五部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 51. 假定你是国际学校学生李华，校英文报正在组织“AI助力校园图书管理”创意提案征集活动。请以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1.提案的背景； 2.提案的内容（包含AI赋能图书馆管理的特点或例子）； 3.预期效果。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Proposal for AI-empowered Campus Library Management ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Proposal for AI-empowered Campus Library Management As our library grows, manually managing books becomes time-consuming. Students often struggle to locate materials, leading to inefficiency. Therefore, I propose integrating AI into library systems. Firstly, an AI-powered search engine could analyze keywords and recommend books instantly. Secondly, smart robots with image recognition can sort misplaced books automatically. Additionally, AI chatbots can answer queries 24/7. This innovation would save time, reduce staff workload, and improve students’ reading experiences. Let’s embrace AI to build a smarter library! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇英语短文，参加校英文报组织的“AI助力校园图书管理”创意提案征集活动。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 找到：locate→find 因此：therefore→thus 立刻：instantly→immediately 此外：additionally→besides 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Students often struggle to locate materials, leading to inefficiency. 拓展句：Students often struggle to locate materials, which leads to inefficiency. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As our library grows, manually managing books becomes time-consuming.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句） 【高分句型2】Students often struggle to locate materials, leading to inefficiency.（运用了现在分词作状语） 第二节（满分25分） 52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “You don’t have to come, you know,” Lee whispered angrily. A few months ago, Dad had suggested taking Lee and his friends on a day trip to the Rocky Mountain National Park. It was meant to be boys only, but then Father decided at the last minute to take Frankie along. Now she was baggage— her brother’s unwanted baggage. Dad said, “Listen up. You need to take responsibility for your own equipment.” Frankie and the boys dutifully checked their equipment. Frankie looked at Dad’s kit. There was a compass, a survival blanket, first-aid kit, extra water, matches, and more. By the time they reached the parking lot, it was mid-morning and there were few people around. Frankie and her dad studied the map while the boys hung around. It was raining lightly when they set out — the boys racing ahead, followed by Dad and Frankie. The trail stretched before them, disappearing into the forest like a path in a fairy tale. They climbed steadily, the day brightening around them. All around, there was nothing but trees, the bright-blue sky overhead, and glimpses of the magnificent Mummy Ranges. When they reached an alpine meadow (高山草甸), Dad announced it was lunchtime. Frankie took off her backpack and gazed at the vastness of the landscape surrounding her. After lunch, Frankie followed behind, determined to put some distance between herself and the boys. Frankie watched Adam climb up the rock, closely followed by Lee and Damien. Dad carefully pulled himself up after the boys, but as he went to stand up, the corner of the rock broke into pieces, and he lost his balance. Although he fell only a short distance, he landed awkwardly and hard. Frankie heard the air go out of him before he prepared another breath to yell. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150 左右; 2，请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Dad fell!” Frankie shouted, her voice edged with tears. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Not too much later, Lee and Adam were back with a park keeper. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】“Dad fell!” Frankie shouted, her voice edged with tears. Lee and his friends heard the cry and hurriedly came back to Frankie and his father. Dad could hardly breathe normally and lost his strength to move any little. Seeing that, Lee gave first aid quickly, with the help of his friends. But Dad remained motionless as if he had been planted on the ground. Without hesitation, Frankie left the scene, heading for the foot of the hill. Not too much later, Lee and Adam were back with a park keeper. The keeper checked Dad’s situation and quickly called 911. A few minutes later, 4 medical workers came here, with a stretcher to carry Dad to the ambulance already waiting there. Dad was rescued and everyone breathed a sigh of relief and went home. Lee felt so proud of Frankie’s bravery, wit and calmness as well as so ashamed of not wanting her to go with them at beginning. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Frankie和爸爸以及哥哥的朋友们一起去洛矶山国家公园一日游。哥哥起初并不想带着她。在这期间发生了意外， 幸亏Frankie及时发现爸爸摔倒后的异样，爸爸脱离危险。 【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“Frankie哭着大喊爸爸摔倒了。”可知，第一段可描写Frankie的哥哥以及他的朋友听见了并展开了对爸爸的施救，结果不尽如人意。 ②由第二段首句内容“没过多久，李和亚当就带着一个公园管理员回来了。”可知，第二段可描写Frankie急中生智找来了管理员救了爸爸。 2.续写线索：Frankie发现爸爸摔倒受伤——哥哥们的帮助无果——Frankie急中生智——管理员的到来——爸爸获救——哥哥的感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①实施急救：gave first aid / provide first aid/ gave emergency treatment ②前往：heading for / making one's way to/ proceed to ③松了一口气：breathed a sigh of relief / was relieved / heaved a great breath 情绪类 ①羞愧：ashamed of / abashed / hang one's head ②快速地：quickly /immediately 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Seeing that, Lee gave first aid quickly, with the help of his friends.（运用了现在分词做时间状语） [高分句型2]. A few minutes later, 4 medical workers came here, with a stretcher to carry Dad to the ambulance already waiting there.（运用了with复合结构做伴随状语和现在分词做后置定语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$