UNIT 11 Section Ⅴ Grammar——动词近义词-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2024）

英语选择性必修第四册课堂学案(BS) Section Grammar 动词近义词 答案精解P✉ The wounded men were carried away. 探究发现 伤员被拾走了。 观察下列教材原句并思考黑体部分的功能 (2)bring意为“带来；拿来”，表示从别的地方 DThe people began weeping and praying. 将某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点 2Then the shooting started. 来（由远而近）。 3We were on the frontier and on Christmas morning Please ask Uncle Tom to bring you here in we stuck up a board displaying "A Merry Christmas" August,.请让汤姆叔叔八月份带你来这里。 on it. (3)take与bring的意思相对，意为“带去；拿 Bill distributed the beer among us and we 去”，指从说话者所在地把某人或某物带走或 consumed a lot. 拿走（由近而远）。 [语法感知] Remember to take your books when you 以上加黑词都有 ,分别是 leave.离开时记得把书带走。 和 等。 (4)fetch意为“去拿来；去请来”（由近而远，再 由远而近，指往返动作)。 要义详析 0> Can you fetch some more water for me? 你能为我再拿些水来吗？ 英语中有不少动词，它们的意思相近，但其 【巧学助记】一语巧记“拿或带” 真正的意义和用法还是有一定的差别，需要在平 Take the rubbish out and bring the parcel 时的学习中注意区分。下面是英语中常用的近 back,or if it is too heavy for you to carry,I'll 义动词。 send Joe to fetch it.把垃圾拿出去并把包裹带 1.accept/receive 回来，如果你搬不动的话，我就派乔去拿。 accept相当于汉语的“接受”，即主动地或自愿 [即时训练2]一选词填空(carry/bring/take/fetch) 地接受并收为己有，也就是又收又受；receive (1)This bus is licensed to 100 相当于汉语的“接收”，即仅表示接到或收到， passengers. 而不含采取主动或积极行动收为己有，也就是 (2)Next time don't forget to me a 只收不受。 copy of your work. Yesterday,he received a watch of a famous (3) the box away,please. brand from his friend and accepted it. (4)Please wait a minute.He's just gone out to 昨天他从朋友那里收到一块名表并收下了它 some cold drink. [即时训练I门一选词填空(accept/receive) 3.become/get/go/grow/turn She decided to the present that (1)become表示“变成”，比较正式，通常表示 she had “变”这个动作已经完成。 2.carry/bring/take/fetch He had a long walk and became tired. (I)carry意为“随身携带”（如搬、提、拿、扛、 他走了很远的路，累了。 拾、抱、背、带等)，不具体说明来去的方向，有 (2)get通常表示温度、时间、岁数等变化，动作 时含有沉重或麻烦之意。 也已完成，和become相比更加口语化。 ·42 UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE The days are getting warmer and warmer. (3)pick表示“挑选，挑拣，采摘”，是仔细、挑剔 天变得越来越暖和了。 和苛刻地选择，多指挑选有形的东西。 (3)g0表示“变得（糟糕）”，常后跟表示“负能量” Will you help me pick strawberries? 的形容词，如bad,angry,blind,hungry等。 你帮我挑拣一下草莓好吗？ She went blind when she was old. (4)elect表示“选举，推选”接班人或职位 她老年的时候，双目失明。 All the people agreed to elect him our chairman. (4)grow表示“逐渐变得”，常需要经历一个过 所有的人都同意推举他为我们的主席。 程，慢慢地变化，所以常用来表示身高、岁数、 [即时训练4]一选词填空(choose/select/pick/dect) 经验等的改变。 (1)The President is for a four- >She has grown much taller.她长高了很多。 year term of office. (5)turn表示“变得”，通常强调与原来的属性 (2)Finally he the job that we offered. 不同了，常常表示颜色、性质、状态等发生的 (3)The police asked him if he could “显而易见的变化”。 out the killer from a series of photos. Leaves turn yellow in fall..树叶在秋天变黄。 (4)The boy the best goods from [即时训练3]一补全句子 the shop just now. (1)天热肉容易变质. 5.collect/gather In hot weather,meat easily. (I)collect通常表示有目的或有挑选的收集。 (2)这个女孩越来越瘦了。 He used to collect cards,but now he likes The girl to collect stamps. (3)那个人因害怕而面色发青。 他以前收集卡片，现在却喜欢收集邮票。 The man'face with fear. (2)gather表示把分散的东西集中到一起，不 (4)多年的辛勤努力后，他成了一名科学家。 He 仅可用于人和物，还可用于把抽象的东西，如力 after many 量、印象等聚集起来，也指采花、摘果、采蜜等。 years'efforts. (5)听到这个消息，他生气了。 Clouds gather before a thunderstorm. Hearing the news,he 在雷暴来临之前云层聚集。 [即时训练5]一补全句子 4.choose/select/pick/elect (1)昨天一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下。 (1)choose用法最广，表示“选择，挑选”，侧重于通 under the Town 过个人意志或判断进行选择，是最普通的用语。 Hall clock yesterday. You can choose a book from these. (2)迄今为止他收集了许多有价值的花瓶。 你可以从这些书中选一本。 He so far. (2)select表示“精选，挑选”，是指从同类的许 6.cry/weep/sob 多东西中仔细辨别后选择，挑选最合适的，从 (I)cry指因痛苦、悲哀或伤感等出声地哭。 而淘汰一部分。 Hearing the shocking news,she broke down We selected some for seeds. and started to cry.听到这个令人震惊的消息， 我们选了一些做种子。 她崩溃了，哭了起来。 ·43 英语选择性必修第四册课堂学案(BS) (2)weep书面用词，无声地哭，侧重流泪。 ●She is dressed in a fur coat.她穿着毛皮大衣。 She wept her sad fate.她为她的悲惨命运而哭泣。 (2)put on'“穿上、戴上”，强调动作，后接衣服、 (3)sob强调因为抑郁、悲伤等情绪而产生的抽 鞋帽等。 泣、哭诉。 Put on your heavy winter coat if you are The child started to sob when he couldn't going out..如果你要出去，穿上你的厚冬衣。 find his mother. (3)wear“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，宾语可以是 当这个孩子找不到他妈妈时，他开始抽泣。 衣帽，也可以是首饰、奖章、发型等。 [即时训练6]—补全句子 You'd better wear blue or black pants with (1)我挂掉电话，开始哭了起来。 brown shoes.穿棕色鞋子的时候，你最好穿蓝 I hung up the phone and 色或黑色裤子。 (4)have…on“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，没有进 (2)她喜极而泣。 行时态形式。 She I'll have black pants and a gray shirt on (3)她鸣咽着说她并没有去过那里。 tomorrow,明天我会穿一条黑色的长裤和一件 She there. 灰色的衬衫。 7.divide/separate [即时训练8]一选词填空(dress,/put on/wear/ (1)divide指把两个区域分隔开，或将一个整体 have…on 分为若干部分，有时含平均划分之意，常与 (1)I want you to this coat and into搭配。 this hat. This apple is divided into two equal parts. (2)Why does he often dark sunglasses? 这个苹果被分成相等的两部分。 (3)It's time to wake up and get (2)separate指将混合物按不同类别分开，也指 (4)Yesterday he his white jacket 把紧连在一起或混合在一起的东西分开，常与 from搭配。 9.discover/invent We'd better separate the good ones from the (1)discover指“发现”某种本来存在，而以前未 bad ones..我们最好把好的和坏的分开。 被发现的事物或未为人所知的东西。 [即时训练7]一单句语法填空 I discovered (that)she was a good cook. (1)This patient should be separated 我发现她是个烹饪好手/她很会烧菜。 the others. (2)invent指“发明”，即原来没有而后来发明 (2)The world is divided seven 创造的东西。 continents. It was Edison who invented the light bulb. 8.dress/put on/wear/have...on 是爱迪生发明了灯泡。 (I)dress的宾语通常是人，意思是“给…穿 [即时训练9]一选词填空(discover/invent). 衣服”，既可表动作又可表状态。 (1)Columbus America,but did My son is now able to dress himself. not explore the new continent. 我儿子现在会自己穿衣服了。 (2)Do you know who the computer? 44✉ UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 10.glare/stare/glance/gaze (2)take place表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般 (1)glare指用愤恨、凶狠或含敌意的眼光死 指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生 死看着某人。 一定有某种原因或事先的安排。 He didn't shout;he just glared at me silently. Great changes have taken place in our 他没有喊叫，只是默默地怒视着我。 hometown during the past ten years. (2)stare侧重因惊奇、好奇、粗鲁无礼等而睁 十年来我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 大眼睛看。 (3)occur表示“发生、想到、突然想起”。 She looked at them with dark staring eyes. It occurred to me that she didn't know I 她瞪着乌黑的眼睛看着他们。 had moved into the new house.我突然想起， (3)glance指匆匆地或粗路地一看，侧重心不 她还不知道我已经搬进新房子了。 在焉地、匆忙地看一眼。 (4)come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情 I glanced up quickly to see who had come in. 已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问 我迅速抬头瞥了一眼看是谁进来了。 句和否定句，多与特殊疑问词how连用。 (4)gaze指出于羡慕、感兴趣、关心或惊异而 Do you know how the air accident came about? 你知道那场空难是怎样发生的吗？ 长时间目不转晴地看。 (5)break out意思为“发生、爆发”，常指战争、 She gazed at him in amazement. 灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表 她惊异地注视着他。 示突然大声叫喊等。 [即时训练10们—补全句子 A fire broke out in the hospital at midnight. (1)塔玛拉一边狐疑地盯着他看，一边摇着头。 午夜，医院发生了火灾。 Tamara him in [即时训练ll]一选词填空(happen/,take place/ disbelief,shaking her head. occur/come about/break out) (2)他匆匆地看了一下手表，然后离开了办公室。 (1)After the flood,diseases He his here and there. watch and left the office. (2)I'll never understand how it (3)这位老先生只是站在那里对那个扒手怒目而 that you were late three times a week 视，一句话也没有说。 (3)Maybe a few minutes ago something unexpected The old gentleman just stood there to him. the pickpocket and did (4)It suddenly to him that he not say a word. forgot to wake his wife up. (4)他注视着我好久才认出我是谁。 (5)The sports meeting on He me for a long our playground last Sunday. time before he recognized who I was. 12.raise/rise/arise/arouse 11.happen/take place/occur/come about/break out (1)raise是及物动词，因此后面要跟事物，其 (l)happen作“发生、碰巧”时，一般用于偶然 本身的含义是“使上升，拾高”。 或突发性事件。 After that car accident,she couldn't raise A traffic accident happened at the crossing. her arms above her shoulder any more..那次 在十字路口发生了一起交通事故。 车祸过后，她就再也无法将手臂举过肩膀。 ·45✉ 英语选择性必修第四册课堂学案(BS) 名师点津 I don't know what he said. raise还有“募捐；提出；养有；饲养”等意思。 我不明白他所说的。 He raised some doubts about this theory. (3)tell指把一件事情传达给别人或讲述一件 他对这个理论提出了一些疑问。 事情、一个故事等。常用作及物动词。 (2)rise是不及物动词，其意思是“上升，升起； When I was young,my mother often told 起来，增加，晋升”。 me a story in the evening. The sun rises in the east every day. 在我小时候，母亲晚上常给我讲故事。 太阳每天从东边升起。 (4)talk“讲，说话，谈话”，与speak的意义相 (3)arise也同样是不及物动词，它很少用于表示 近。一般用作不及物动词，指一般的谈话或 位置上升，一般会解释为“起因于，发生，出现”。 交谈，而不是speak所指的正规的“演讲，发言”； Should the opportunity arise,I'd love to go 须跟宾语时，与to,with,about等介词连用。 to China.要是有机会的话，我想去中国。 Look!Our teacher is talking to (with)the parents. (4)arouse是及物动词，其本身主要用于表达 瞧！我们的老师正在和家长们谈话。 “唤起，激起（感觉、意识等）”。 [即时训练l3]一选词填空(speak,/say/tell/talk) It's a subject that has aroused a lot of interest. (1)He will the good news to everybody 这是一个引起了很多关注的主题。 in our class. [即时训练12]—补全句子 (2)What she made us very excited. (1)事故往往起因于疏忽。 (3)She is with Lucy in English at Accidents often the English corner. carelessness. (4)He could two foreign languages (2)房间里的温度越升越高。 when he was young. The temperature in the room 14.achieve/gain/get (I)achieve指经过努力而获得动力或达到某 (3)老板答应要给她加薪。 种目的。 The boss promised to He will achieve nothing if he doesn't work hard. 他如果不努力工作，就永远不会有所成就。 (4)门铃声把他从睡眠中唤醒。 (2)gain指经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益，如 He his sleep by 处世经验等。 the doorbell. I'm a freshman but I'm already gaining 13.speak/say/tell/talk experience,我是新手，但是我已经在获得经验了。 (1)speak“说，讲，演讲”，一般用作不及物动 (3)get是常用词，指以某种方式或手段得到 词，speak to sb.跟某人说话；作及物动词时， 某种东西，这东西可能是某人需要或企图获 宾语常是表示语言的词。 得的，也可能不是。 Do you speak Chinese？你说汉语吗？ I'll get you that book you wanted. Mr Wu is going to speak at our class meeting. 我会给你弄到你要的那本书。 吴老师将在班会上发言。 [即时训练14幻]—一补全句子 (2)say一般着重讲话的内容，指有连贯性地 (1)他最终获得成功。 说话，通常用作及物动词。 46 UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE (2)他的艰苦努力使他获得了良好的声誉。 17.remove/move (1)remove着重于离开或脱离原来的位置、 (3)我一有时间便会来。 处所、职位、职业等，进行一种新的、有时是暂 I'll come as soon as 时的安排或改变，多是有意识地移动。意为 15.announce/declare “移开，拿开，开除，脱去，改掉，去除”。 (1)announce宜布、述说、声称、预告，是一般意 Remove the dishes from the table after 义的宣布，比如宣布什么消息、通知、，信息等。 dinner.饭后把盘子从桌子上拿走。 She announced that she'd given up smoking. (2)move主要指改变位置或姿势，意为“挪 她宣称她已经戒烟。 动，移动，搬迁”等，指距离上的移动。 (2)declare宜称、声明、发表宜言，一般用于官 The new neighbors moved in yesterday. 方的或者很正式的场合，像宣战、宣布会议开 新邻居昨天搬进来了。 始等，还有法律方面的宣布。 [即时训练17]一选词填空(remove/move) After I declared the meeting closed,all (1)What do you advise for ink present left. from my clothes? 我宣布散会后，参会人员都离开了。 (2)Many people are from London to the countryside. [即时训练l5]一选词填空(announce/declare) 18.listen/hear (1)The accused himself to be innocent. listen和hear都与听觉有关，listen指“听”的 (2)They that the flight would be 动作或者过程；hear指“听到”的结果。 delayed. He tried to listen,but he could not hear 16.beat/win anything.他试图去听，可是什么也听不见。 (1)充当beat的宾语的是比赛，竞争的对手， [即时训练18]—补全句子 即指人或球队的名词或代词。 (1)你喜欢听音乐吗？ Our class beat Class One in the table tennis Do you like match yesterday. (2)我经常听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。 我们班在昨天的乒乓球比赛中打败了一班。 I often in the (2)充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争、奖品、金 next room. 钱等名词，表示在某项活动或比赛中获胜。 19.find/look for/find out He won the first prize in the surfing competition. (1)find意为“找到；发现”，强调找的结果。 他在冲浪比赛中获得第一。 Finally,she found a good job after one year. 名师点津 最终，在一年后，她找到了一份好工作。 beat除了作“赢，战胜”之外，还有“用 (2)look for意为“寻找”，强调找的动作和过程。 力反复地打、（心脏等）跳动”等意思。 Look!Lucy lost her key again,so her family ●She was beating the drums.她正在敲鼓。 are looking for it everywhere,.瞧！露西又把 [即时训练16]一选词填空(beat/win) 她的钥匙丢了，因此她的家人正在到处找。 (1)They the match held in our (3)find out意为“查出，获知，弄清楚”，强调 city last Friday. 经过研究、调查而得到某种结果。 (2)We played very well,and finally we I have to find out the truth about her them. missing.关于她的失踪，我必须查明真相。 ·47· 英语选择性必修第四册课堂学案(BS) [即时训练19]一选词填空(find/look for/find out). 4.Seeing the funny picture,the whole class (1)Can you when the sports burst into laughter. meeting will be held? 5.They prepared to take down what he would (2)He is still a job now. say in shorthand. (3)I him sweeping the floor 维度二：语法与写作 when I came to visit him. Ⅱ.一句多译 20.answer/reply 1.我不知道怎样处理这份信息。 (1)answer属常用词，多用于一般性应答，既 -I do not know the 可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词。 information. Ann asked many questions and I did my →I do not know the best to answer them. information. 安问了许多问题，我尽我所能地回答。 2.莉莉花了50元买书包. 名师点津 →Lily on the schoolbag. answer除表示“回答”外，还可表示接听 →The schoolbag (电话)或对门铃等声响作出反应等。 →Lily the schoolbag. Who answered the telephone? 3.杰克每天花两个小时做作业。 谁接的电话？ →Jack his (2)reply则较正式，多指经过考虑而作出答 homework every day. his homework 复。reply除后接that从句或引出直接引语 every day. 时是及物动词外，一般只用作不及物动词。 其后若接名词或代词作宾语，应借助介词to。 4.必须采取有效措施保护环境免受污染。 -Effective measures must be taken He replied that he had changed his mind. (prevent) 他回答说他改变了主意。 -Effective measures must be taken They did not reply to our new proposal. (keep) 他们对我们新的建议没有作出答复。 -Effective measures must be taken [即时训练20]一单句语法填空 (stop) (1)He (answer)the question loudly 维度三：语法与语篇 and was praised by the teacher. Ⅲ.选词填空 (2)I hope you can reply me as soon Everyone was excited for the big game. as possible. People started to 1. assemble/ 跟踪检测 >> gather)in the stadium early in the morning.The cheerleaders began to 2. (practice/ 维度一：基础题型训练 train)their routines.At noon,the audiences I.写出下列句中加黑部分的近义词（组） started to 3. seat/sit)in their 1.Your answer is exactly right. designated places.The match was 4. 2.Please seat yourself at the table. (breathtaking/heart-stopping)right till the end, 3.We should seize the precious chance. and the home team 5. (won/defeated) the visitors by a single point.Ⅱ.补全句子 要义详析 1.can perform very complex tasks [即时训练] 2.could/might have left it 1.accept;received 3.can cause serious problems 2.(1)carry (2)bring (3)Take (4)fetch 4.may/might be in Wuhan 3.(1)goes bad (2)has grown thinner and thinner 5.might/may have sailed (3)turned blue (4)became a scientist (5)got/became angry 6.must be careful 4.(1)elected (2)chose (3)pick (4)selected/picked 7.may/might feel all the training a waste of time 5.(1)A large crowd gathered 8.couldn't hear ourselves (2)has collected a lot of valuable vases 9.could have faced 6.(1)started to cry (2)wept tears of joy 10.needn't have hurried (3)sobbed she hadn't been Ⅲ.用情态动词或所给动词的适当形式填空 7.(1)from (2)into 1.needn't 2.danced 3.can 4.did/should 5.might/may 8.(1)put on (2)wear (3)dressed (4)had;on 6.should not allow 7.must 8.shall 9.shall/should 10.should 9.(1)discovered (2)invented Section N LESSON 2 LESSON 3 10.(1)stared at (2)glanced at (3)glaring at (4)gazed at 课文研读发展思维品质 11.(1)broke out (2)came about (3)happened (4)occurred Task 1 (5)took place 1.(1)American soldiers (2)Christmas (3)temporary peace 12.(1)arise from (2)is rising higher and higher (4)legs (5)watch (3)raise her salary (4)was aroused from 2.The passage is mainly about three stories about wars. 13.(1)tell (2)said (3)talking (4)speak Task 2 14.(1)He finally achieved success 1~5 DACBA (2)His hard work gained him a good reputation Task 3 (3)I get time 1.were having 2.a 3.Fortunately 4.trenches 5.with 15.(1)declared (2)announced 6.chatting 7.blown 8.him 9.As 10.threw 16.(1)won (2)beat 语基输入助力语言输出 17.(1)removing (2)moving 1.(1)violently (2)violence (3)with (4)does violence to 18.(1)listening to music (2)hear her singing 2.(1)set out/off (2)set off 19.(1)find out (2)looking for (3)found (3)sets about doing his homework/sets out to do his homework 20.(1)answered (2)to 3.(1)buying (2)a (3)woke up from panic 跟踪检测 4.(1)among (2)Distribution I,写出下列句中加黑部分的近义词（组） (3)distributed food and blankets to 1.reply/respond 2.sit down/be seated 3.take hold of/grasp 5.(1)calling (2)to appreciate (3)appreciation 4.burst out laughing 5.write down (4)I would appreciate it if Ⅱ，一句多译 6.(1)with tears streaming down her face 1.what to do with:how to deal with (2)with a gift to give to the host (3)with a smile on his face 2.spent 50 yuan;cost Lily 50 yuan;paid 50 yuan for (4)with her eyes fixed on the screen 3.spends two hours in doing:It takes Jack two hours to do 4.to prevent the environment (from)being polluted:to keep the Section V Grammar- 动词近义词 environment from being polluted;to stop the environment 探究发现 (from)being polluted [语法感知] Ⅲ，选词填空 近义词；sob;begin;set up:eat/drink 1.assemble 2.practice 3.sit 4.breathtaking 5.won 138·