UNIT 11 Section Ⅲ Grammar——情态动词-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2024）

UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE Section Grammar 情态动词 答案精解Pm You can also bike along lovely landscapes 探究发现 outside of Amsterdam.你也可以沿着阿姆斯 观察下列教材原句并思考黑体部分的功能 特丹郊外美丽的风景去骑车。 DThey couldn't relax or read a book without He couldn't find his pen,so he wrote in plugging their ears. pencil.他找不到钢笔，所以用铅笔写。 2We told him that he ought to cease drumming 名师点津 or leave the property. 当表示“过去经过努力成功做到某事” ③“Life will go back to normal now,”they said. 时应用be able to,不能用could。 He could no longer tolerate it. He was able to go to the party yesterday ⑤“For the last two weeks,since Smith moved evening in spite of the heavy rain. into the flat above us,we dared not go onto our 昨天晚上尽管下大雨，他还是参加了晚会。 balcony,said Laurene. (2)表示请求和允许 6We could hardly get rid of the smell of fish! DThe candles were a great sight as you can 用于疑问句时，二者可以互换，此时的could并 imagine,but James didn't get to blow them out. 不表示过去，只是语气更委婉，但could不能用 I have never seen him move so fast and I 于肯定句和答语中。 couldn't stop him. You can go home now. [语法感知] 你现在可以回家了 以上句子中均含有情态动词，其中 -Can/Could I borrow your umbrella? 意为“能，会”； 意为“应该”； -Yes,you can. 意为“将要”； 意为 我可以借用一下你的雨伞吗？ “胆敢”。 当然可以。（不能说Yes,you could) 要义详析 (3)表示推测 表示推测时can通常只用于否定句或疑问句， 一、概述 一般不用于肯定句；could均可，两者没有时间 情态动词(Modal Verbs)本身有一定的词 上的差别，只是could比can更委婉，更不确定。 义，但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起 >tcan't/couldn't be true.那不可能是真的。 构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，个别 What can/could they be doing? 情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式。过去式 他们会在做什么？ 用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可 表示过去、现在或将来。常见的情态动词有：can (4)表示说话人惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度，用 (could),may (might),must,have to,need, 于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中 ought to,dare (dared),shall (should),will (would). >Can he be serious?他难道会当真吗？ 二、情态动词的基本用法 (5)can还可以表示客观的（或理论的）可能性， 1.can/could 用来说明人或事物的特征 (1)表示能力 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. 其中can表示现在的能力；could表示过去的能力。 在这样多雨的天气里可能会发生事故。 ·33 英语选择性必修第四册课堂学案(BS) A city can be young and old at the same time. (3)表达祝愿 一个城市可以既年轻又年老。 在正式场合或书面语中，may可用来表达祝愿。 [即时训练1门—补全句子 May you be happy！祝你幸福！ (1)I (会开车) [即时训练2]—用适当的情态动词填空 before I left school. (1)They be having a meeting,but (2)The man over there I'm not sure. (不可能是)Mr Smith because he has just (2)-Might I take a photo here? gone to New York. -Of course,you 3.must (3)He asked whether he (1)表示主观看法 (可以带书)out of the reading room, 意为“必须，一定”，其否定形式mustn't意为 2.may/might “禁止，不允许”。回答must引导的一般疑问 (1)表示请求和允许 句，如果作否定回答，要用needn't或don't 用于疑问句时，二者可以互换，此时的might have to,而不能用mustn't. 并不表示过去，只是语气更委婉，但might不 They must have ID cards with them. 能用于肯定答语中：否定回答用can't或 他们必须带着身份证。 mustn't表示“不可以，禁止”。 You must call him this evening. You may leave when you have finished the 今晚你必须给他打电话。 wok.完成工作后你可以离开。 -Must we hand in our exercise books today? -May/Might I smoke in this room? -Yes,you must. 一Yes,you may..(不能用might)/No,you -No,you don't have to/needn't. mustn't (can't). 今天我们必须上交练习本吗？ 我可以在这个房间里吸烟吗？ 是的，必须上交。/一一不，不需要上交。 可以。/不行。 (2)表示推测 (2)表示推测 must表推测时，意为“一定，必定”，只用于肯定句。 二者都可以表示推测，只是might比may语气 You're Tom's best friend,so you must know 更不肯定，可能性更小。在句型使用方面，一 what he likes best,你是汤姆最好的朋友，所以 你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 般用于肯定句或否定陈述句，may/might not [即时训练3]一补全句子 意为“可能不”。 (1)We (必须做一 The one in the new environment should be 切)step by step. sympathetic to the fact that your friend may (2)He (一定是生病 feel abandoned. 了).He looks so pale,. 在新环境中的人应该赞成这个事实，那就是你 4.have to 的朋友可能会感到自己被抛弃了。 have to意为“不得不，必须”，其过去式为had to.. He may/might know the answer. You don't have to knock-just walk in. 他可能知道答案。 你不必敲门一进来就是了。 The boss may/might not be very busy now. He had to go to hospital for treatment. 现在老板可能不忙。 他不得不去医院接受治疗。 ·34 UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 名师点津 All campers should/ought to bring their own 表示“必须”时，must强调说话人的主观 bagged lunch and snacks.所有的露营者都应 看法，而have to则强调客观需要；must只有 该自己带上袋装的午餐和零食。 一般现在时，have to有更多的时态形式。 (2)表示劝告、建议或命令 The film isn't interesting,so I really You should/ought to brush your teeth before must go now..电影没意思，我现在真的要走了。 you go to bed..睡觉前你要刷牙。 I had to work when I was your age. You should/ought to go and ask the teacher. 我在你这个年龄时必须工作。 你可以去问问老师。 [即时训练4幻一单句语法填空 (3)表示推测 (1)He was in a position where he should/ought to表推测时语气不如must肯 (have)to force a decision. 定，意为“很有可能”。 (2)I have to (collect)the children The photo should/ought to be ready tomorrow from school at 3 o'clock every day. morning.照片明天早上应该能冲洗出来。 5.shall 名师点津 should可表示说话人的感情，如惊奇、 (1)表示征求对方意见或许可 愤怒、失望等，意为“竟然”，通常用于否定 shall用于疑问句，表示征求对方意见或许可， 句、疑问句中。 表达此意时多用于第一、第三人称。 How should I know where you've left Shall we go to the movies tonight? your bag？?我怎么知道你把包丢在哪里了？ 今晚我们去看电影好吗？ [即时训练6]一用适当的情态动词填空/单句 >Shall he come in?他可以进来吗？ 语法填空 (2)表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁 (1)You be shall用于陈述句第二、第三人称，表示说话人 polite to your teachers. 给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。 (2)They be He shall be punished if he breaks the rule. home by now. 如果他违反制度，就会受到惩罚。 (3)You are the owner of this dog.You ought to Tommy shall have a toy if he is a good boy. (take)good care of it. 如果汤米是个好孩子，他就会得到一个好的玩具。 7.will/would [即时训练5]—补全句子 (1)表示请求、建议等 (1) 表达此意时，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中， (我把书给你寄去好吗)？ would此时并不表示过去，而表示委婉语气。 (2)You (会有 Will/Would you please tell me the way to 这本英语书)as soon as I finish it. the hospital？请告诉我去医院的路好吗？ 6.should/ought to 名师点津 (1)表示责任或义务 would有时与like,love,prefer,be glad, should/,ought to表示责任或义务时意为“应该”。 be happy等连用，用于提出建议或遂请。 Children should/ought to obey their parents. Would you like some tea or coffee? 儿童应该服从他们的父母。 你喝点茶还是咖啡？ ·35 英语选择性必修第四册课堂学案(BS) (2)表示意志、愿望和决心 9.dare will表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。 dare意为“敢”，用作情态动词时，常用于疑问 If you will come,we'll be glad. 句、否定句或条件状语从句中。 如果你来，我们会高兴。 Dare you tell her the truth? He asked me if I would go to see the football 你敢告诉她事实真相吗？ match with him. I dare not think how much it's going to 他问我是否愿意和他一起去看足球赛。 cost.我不敢想这要花多少钱。 (3)表示习惯和倾向 [即时训练9]一补全句子 wil表示现在，would表示过去。 (1) (她敢晚 She will sit for hours without saying a word. 上独自出去吗)？ 她经常一坐数小时而一言不发。 (2)He (不敢回 When he was young,he would often go skiing. 答)the question. 他小时候经常去滑雪。 三、情态动词十have done 名师点津 1.must have done used to也表示“过去常常”，但侧重某 表示对过去发生的行为进行推测，意为“一定 一动作或状态现在不复发生或存在。 做了某事”，只用于肯定句中。 He used to live in the countryside,but Then someone said,"She must have come to now he lives in the city. say goodbye..” 他过去住在乡下，但现在住在城里。 然后有人说：“她一定是来说再见的。” [即时训练7门—补全句子 2.could have done (1) 用于肯定句，意为“本可以做某事”；用于否定 (请你把窗户关上好吗)？It's a bit cold. 或疑问句表示推测。 (2) He paid for a ticket,but he could have got (你想再来杯啤酒吗)？ one free.他付钱买了一张票，但他本来可以免 (3)Every time she was in trouble,she 费得到一张的。 (会向他求助). He couldn't have gone to Beijing,for I saw 8.need him just now. need意为“有必要”，构成一般疑问句时，其肯 他不可能去了北京，因为刚才我看见他了。 定回答用must,否定回答用needn't。 3.may/might have done -Need I do it now? 表示“可能已经做了某事”，一般用于肯定句中。 -Yes,you must.(No,you needn't. Jack may/might have gone home. 我有必要现在做吗？ 杰克可能已经回家了。 是的，你必须做。（不，你没必要做。） 4.should/ought to have done;shouldn't/ought not [即时训练8]—补全句子 to have done (1) (她有必要擦 背定句表示“本应该做某事而未做”：否定句表 窗户吗)？ 示“本不应该做而实际上做了”。 (2)You (没必 You should/ought to have handed in your 要完成)that work today. papers yesterday..你本应该昨天上交论文。 ·36 UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE I was really anxious about you.You shouldn't 5.She (might/must)have achieved have left home without a word.我真的为你担 greater progress,if you had given her more chances. 心。你本不应该一言不发就离开家。 6.-That must be a mistake. 5.needn't have done -No,it (can't/mustn't)be a 表示“本不必做某事而做了”。 mistake. You needn't have swept the floor.I could 7.If you work hard and finish it this week,you manage it myself. (shall/need)have Monday free 你本不必扫地的。我自己能行。 next week. [即时训练10]一补全句子 8.It is usually warm in my hometown in March, (1)他一定没看过那部电影，因为他对它一无所知。 but it (may/can)be rather cold He the sometimes. film because he didn't know anything about it. 9.I can make a lantern now,but I (2)你本应该复习功课，但你一晚上都在玩游戏。 (can't/couldn't)when I was young. You 10.-Can we go out and play football now? your lessons,but you played games all night. -No,you (can't/mustn't). (3)你一定是在加账单的时候弄错了。 11.Your cousin (may/must)have You enjoyed his trip in Jixian County,didn't he? mistake when you added the bill up. He looks amazingly different. (4)我本来没必要买这么多酒，因为只来了5个人。 12.I'm not feeling well in the stomach.I so much couldn't/shouldn't)have eaten so much wine because only five people came. fried chicken just now. (5)我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多错误。 维度二：语法与写作 my Ⅱ.补全句子 examination easily but I made too many mistakes. 1.人类可以用手完成非常复杂的任务。 跟踪检测 Humans with their hands. 维度一：基础题型训练 2.我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它忘在 I.选词填空 超市了，但我不确定。 1.He (must/might)get here in I can't find my purse.I time,but I can't be sure. in the supermarket yesterday,but I'm 2.-How long (may/must)I keep not sure. this book? 3.在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失会给一个公司 -You may keep it for two weeks. 带来严重问题。 3.He (can't/mustn't)have missed In today's information age,the loss of data the train:he arrived at the train station two for a company. hours early. 4.我不知道她在哪里，她可能在武汉。 4.John,look at the time. (Must I don't know where she is;she Can)you play the piano at such a late hour? ·37 英语选择性必修第四册课堂学案(BS) 5.没有人知道人们最初是如何来到这些岛屿的。 维度三：语法与语篇 他们可能是从南美乘木筏来的。 Ⅲ.用情态动词或所给动词的适当形式填空 Nobody knows how people first came to these 11. have worried before I islands.They came to the new school,for my classmates here from South America on rafts. are very friendly to me.Ellen is a fantastic 6.你一定要小心照相机。它很贵！ dancer.I wish I 2. (dance)as well You with the as her.No one 3. be compared camera.It is very expensive! with Ellen in dancing.Jack is a great talker.It's 7.你可能觉得所有的训练都是在浪费时间，但我 high time that he 4. (do)something 百分之百地肯定你以后会感激你所做的。 instead of just talking.I got close enough to hear You but I'm a them speaking Chinese,and I said“Ni Hao”just hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful as I5. do in China.Teachers recommend for what you did. parents 6. (allow)their children under 8.太吵了，我们听不见自己说话。 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Students It was so noisy that we obey school rules.One of our speak. rules is that every student 8. wear 9.我们本来可以一起面对困难，但是你为什么不 school uniform while at school. 告诉我？ It is required by the rules that students We the 9. get grades not lower than 85 in difficulty together,but why didn't you tell me? any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is 10.马克本不必着急。他开得飞快，早到了半小时。 beyond my understanding that many adults Mark 10 be so crazy about Harry Driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early. Potter series like me. Section W LESSON 2 LESSON 3 请完成Pa默写练习（四）、教材原文助读见分册本 课文研读发展思维品质 答案精解Ps Task 1 框架宏观建构：整体理解 2.What's the main idea of this passage? 1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks. The villagers except Do Chue were shot Story A dead by(I)】 Task2 文本微观剖析：细节探究 The British and German soldiers spent Choose the best answer. Story B Day and Boxing Day in (3) 1.Why did the villagers show no fear at first when they were marched into the village square? The young soldier with no (4) Story C _was awarded a Purple Heart and a A.They were very brave. B.They thought they could escape. ·38Ⅱ，话题情境 5.(1)helping (2)for (3)to encourage 1.find out why we come into conflict with our parents (4)you're keen on the traditional Chinese culture 2.find solutions to resolving the conflicts 6.(1)to get/getting (2)with;about (3)It (4)to 3.it is necessary that we should communicate with them more (5)What bothered her was that her son didn't work very hard 4.explain our ideas to them at school. 5.apologise/say sorry to them 7.(1)was walking along:when (2)had just finished my 语基输入助力语言输出 homework when (3)was about to go out when:was on the 1.(1)for'about (2)negotiation (3)in (4)under negotiation point of going out when 2.(1)convenience;to take (2)convenient (3)at (4)to/for 续写词句积累 (5)cause too much inconvenience 3.(1)with (2)annoying (3)annoyance (4)at/about 情景应用 (5)which annoyed his parents 1.he said happily 4.(1)of (2)to tell (3)ashamed (4)So ashamed was I that 2.I have already told you Section II LESSON I LIVING IN 3.she murmured in a low voice 4.I replied with embarrassment A COMMUNITY 5.I answered firmly 课文研读发展思维品质 Task 1 SectionⅢ Grammar- 情态动词 1.(1)drummer (2)disturbing (3)rented flat 探究发现 (4)Neighbours (5)wet (6)cell [语法感知] 2.They are written in flashback(倒叙). ①④0⑦⑧：②：③：⑤ 3.They are about neighbourhood conflicts. 要义详析 Task 2 1~6 DCCBAB [即时训练] Task 3 1.(1)could drive a car (2)can't be (3)could take the book 1.drummed 2.that 3.to cease 4.prejudiced 5.a 2.(1)may'might (2)can'may 6.gardener 7.retired 8.sent 9.when 10.walking 3.(1)must do everything (2)must be ill Task 4 4.(1)had (2)collect 1.Because in that case,he needn't worry about disturbing 5.(1)Shall I send you the book (2)shall have the English book others any longer. 6.(1)should ought to (2)should ought to (3)take 2.Because he hit Smith over the head and it was against the law 7.(1)Will/Would you please close the window for him to do so. (2)Would you like another glass of beer 3.We should pay attention to our daily behaviour.For example. (3)would turn to him for help don't make so much noise at night.If we do something 8.(1)Need she clean the window (2)needn't finish wrong.we should apologise to our neighbours. 9.(1)Dare she go out alone at night 语基输入助力语言输出 (2)dare not answer 1.(1)up (2)of (3)with (4)He packed all his clothes into 10.(1)can't have seen (2)should/ought to have reviewed the suitcase.He packed the suitcase with all his clothes. (3)must have made (4)needn't have bought 2.(1)about'of (2)to (3)complaints (4)make a complaint (5)could have passed against/about:complain against/about 3.(1)warning (2)to get (3)of.'about/against (4)that 跟踪检测 (5)warned us not to:warned us against 1.选词填空 4.(1)throwing (2)tolerant 1.might 2.may 3.can't 4.Must 5.might 6.can't (3)who know how to tolerate others 7.shall 8.can 9.couldn't 10.can't 11.must 12.shouldn't ·137 Ⅱ，补全句子 要义详析 1.can perform very complex tasks [即时训练] 2.could-might have left it 1.accept:received 3.can cause serious problems 2.(1)carry (2)bring (3)Take (4)fetch 4.may/might be in Wuhan 3.(1)goes bad (2)has grown thinner and thinner 5.might may have sailed (3)turned blue (4)became a scientist (5)got became angry 6.must be careful 4.(1)elected (2)chose (3)pick (4)selected picked 7.may/might feel all the training a waste of time 5.(1)A large crowd gathered 8.couldn't hear ourselves (2)has collected a lot of valuable vases 9.could have faced 6.(1)started to ery (2)wept tears of joy 10.needn't have hurried (3)sobbed she hadn't been Ⅲ.用情态动词或所给动词的适当形式填空 7.(1)from (2)into 1.needn't 2.danced 3.can 4.did/should 5.might/may 6.should not allow 7.must 8.shall 9.shall'should 10.should 8.(1)put on (2)wear (3)dressed (4)had;on 9.(1)discovered (2)invented Section N LESSON 2 LESSON 3 10.(1)stared at (2)glanced at (3)glaring at (4)gazed at 课文研读发展思维品质 11.(1)broke out (2)came about (3)happened (4)occurred Task 1 (5)took place 1.(1)American soldiers (2)Christmas (3)temporary peace 12.(1)arise from (2)is rising higher and higher (4)legs (5)watch (3)raise her salary (4)was aroused from 2.The passage is mainly about three stories about wars. 13.(1)tell (2)said (3)talking (4)speak Task 2 14.(1)He finally achieved success 1~5 DACBA (2)His hard work gained him a good reputation Task 3 (3)I get time 1.were having 2.a 3.Fortunately 4.trenches 5.with 15.(1)declared (2)announced 6.chatting 7.blown 8.him 9.As 10.threw 16.(1)won (2)beat 语基输入助力语言输出 17.(1)removing (2)moving 1.(1)violently (2)violence (3)with (4)does violence to 18.(1)listening to music (2)hear her singing 2.(1)set out/off (2)set off 19.(1)find out (2)looking for (3)found (3)sets about doing his homework sets out to do his homework 20.(1)answered (2)to 3.(1)buying (2)a (3)woke up from panic 跟踪检测 4.(1)among (2)Distribution 工.写出下列句中加黑部分的近义词（组） (3)distributed food and blankets to 1.reply respond 2.sit down/be seated 3.take hold of/grasp 5.(1)calling (2)to appreciate (3)appreciation 4.burst out laughing 5.write down (4)I would appreciate it if 6.(1)with tears streaming down her face Ⅱ，一句多译 1.what to do with:how to deal with (2)with a gift to give to the host (3)with a smile on his face 2.spent 50 yuan;cost Lily 50 yuan:paid 50 yuan for (4)with her eyes fixed on the screen 3.spends two hours in doing:It takes Jack two hours to do 4.to prevent the environment (from)being polluted:to keep the Section V Grammar-一动词近义词 environment from being polluted:to stop the environment 探究发现 (from)being polluted [语法感知] Ⅲ，选词填空 近义词：sob:begin;set up:eat/drink 1.assemble 2.practice 3.sit 4.breathtaking 5.won ·138·