UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2024）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 复习短语 判断下面教材句子中的画线部分是什么短语。 1．I've been dying to have some of my favourite sweets, and it's always nice to ①　VP　　　　　　　　 ②　NP　 get mail! ③　VP　 2．…， the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! ①　NP　　 ②　VP　　 ③　PreP　 3．Tombe's father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, 　①　NP　　　　　　　　　　 ②　PreP　 led us to his house… ③　VP　 4．He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum 　　　　 ①　VP　　　　 ②　PreP　 with kau kau (sweet potato), ripe corn, and greens. ③　PreP　 5．Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. 　　 ①　VP　　　　　 ②　AdvP　 ③　PreP　④　PreP　 6．My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we ①　NP　　　　　　　　　②　NP　 dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home. 　③　VP　　　　④　PreP　 ⑤　PreP　 一、名词短语 以名词为中心词的短语叫作名词短语。这种短语可能只有一个中心词，也可能带有限定词和其他修饰语，从而构成比较复杂的结构。如a boy, the new student, the author's new book等。名词短语的句法功能： 1．作主语 ►(2024·1月浙江)The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习。 ►(2024·新课标Ⅰ)Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. 利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。 [提示] 名词短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与名词短语中的中心词保持一致。 ►A number of books are on the desk. 桌子上有许多书。 ►The number of books is not large. 书的数量不多。 2．作表语 ►(2024·1月浙江)A social connection is often a big part of learning. 社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。 ►It was the day of the big cross-country run. 那天是大型越野跑步的日子。 3．作宾语 ►Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings. 每天的课堂活动都会有所不同，但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作。 ►I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. 我买了一些熟透了的小草莓和一个小甜瓜。 4．作宾补 ►Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person. 情商高的人不一定就是道德高尚的人。 ►People considered him the better man for the work.人们认为他比较适合做这项工作。 [即时训练1]——完成句子 (1)她是一位热心奉献的教师，赢得了广泛的赞誉。 She is a warm-hearted and dedicated teacher , who has won general praise . (2)上周末，我和我的同学参加了一个农场采摘活动。 Last weekend, my classmates and I took part in a farm picking activity . (3)他的父母死于车祸，使他成了孤儿。 His parents were killed in the car accident, leaving him an orphan . 二、形容词短语 以形容词为中心词的短语叫作形容词短语，其构成方式为“修饰语＋形容词”。有时中心词之后还可带有后置修饰语或补足成分。如very lovely, extremely serious, pleasant enough, too hot to be enjoyable, glad to help you等。 形容词短语的句法功能： 1．作定语 ►I hear that the professor has a very lovely daughter. 我听说这位教授有一个非常可爱的女儿。 ►He entered the room, with an extremely serious look on his face. 他进了房间，脸上的表情极为严肃。 2．作表语 ►(2023·全国甲)Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. 在鸡舍和其他农场动物住所周围安装电栅栏也能有效驱赶灰熊。 ►Or do you just want to be physically fit? 或者你只是想保持身体健康？ 3．作宾语 ►We should respect the old. 我们应该尊敬老年人。 ►You can tell the true from the false. 你可以辨别真伪。 [提示] 英语中作宾语的形容词短语往往由“the＋形容词”构成，表示具有该形容词的特征、性质或者状态的人、事或物。 4．作宾补 ►Who has let the window open so widely? 谁把窗子这样大大敞开的？ ►I intended to leave the house entirely alone. 我打算把那个房子完全放任不管。 [即时训练2]——完成句子 (1)我的英语老师对我们既严格又充满爱。 My English teacher is both strict with us and full of love at the same time. (2)通过参加这次采摘活动，我意识到了努力工作的重要性。 Through participating in this picking activity, I have become aware of the significance of working hard. 三、副词短语 以副词为中心词的短语叫作副词短语，其构成方式为“修饰语＋副词”。有时中心词之后还带有后置修饰语或补足成分。如very carefully, pretty soon, far from the station, very beautiful indeed等。副词短语在句子中常常作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。 ►The woman walked into the bedroom and put the baby on the bed very carefully. 这个女人走进卧室，非常小心地把婴儿放在床上。 ►He studies English most slowly of the three. 这三个人中，他学英语学得最慢。 [即时训练3]——完成句子 (1)在Elli的帮助下，我非常勇敢地与熊搏斗。 With Elli's help, I fought with the bear very bravely . (2)如果你在户外锻炼，你的身体将学会更深度地呼吸。 If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply . 四、动词短语 以动词为中心词的短语叫作动词短语。按照动词形式和语法结构，动词短语可分为限定动词短语和非限定动词短语。 动词短语的构成： 1．动词＋副词　例如： put back放回去　　　　 call back回电话 break down出故障 turn down调小 come up上来 blow up爆炸 show off炫耀 give off散发 break out发生 run out 用完 ►(2024·全国甲)If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.如果是短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你成功完成(小说结局)。 [提示] “动词＋副词”搭配构成的短语，其宾语若为代词，应放在动词与副词中间。如put it on, think it over。 ►The charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. 该慈善机构会在经济支持下把它推广到全国。 2．动词＋介词　例如： bring about引起 contribute to导致 fall into陷入…… seek for寻找 burst into闯入…… look into调查 see to处理 devote to贡献给 deal with处理 ►What I was to do was fly to Topeka to pick up Tiffy.我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接蒂菲。 ►I think my home falls into that category. 我认为我家属于那一类。 3．动词＋副词＋介词　例如： add up to总计　　　 keep away from不靠近 look down on轻视 keep up with赶上 make up for弥补 get on with相处 get across to使明白 get out of逃避，避免 put up with忍受 catch up with赶上 look up to仰望，尊敬 ►He will have to find some other work, for he can't put up with this loud noise any more.他必须找其他工作，因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。 ►A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means. 一个好的演讲者应该设法让听众明白他所表达的意思。 4．动词＋名词＋介词　例如： catch sight of看见，瞥见　 make use of利用 pay attention to注意 make sense of理解 take notice of注意到 take care of照看 take advantage of利用 take part in参加 take pride in为……自豪 make room for为……腾出空间 ►Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.土著美国人已经很聪明地照看了这些珍稀的自然资源。 [即时训练4]——完成句子 (1)战争爆发时，他已经离开了家乡。 When the war broke out , he had left his hometown. (2)据说，警察正在调查那起事故。 It is said that the policemen are looking into the case . (3)他一直看不起受教育少的人。 He has been looking down upon those who have received little education. (4)那位老太太很善良，为男孩腾出了地方。 The old woman was so kind that she made room for the boy . 五、介词短语 以介词为中心词的短语叫作介词短语，可在句中作状语、表语、定语、宾补等。 ►He was hunting in the forest when he saw the terrible bear.(作状语) 他在森林里打猎时看见了那头可怕的熊。 ►I think that your son must be on the playground now.(作表语) 我想你儿子现在肯定是在操场上。 ►(2023·全国甲)From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays.(作状语)从6岁起，现年26岁的特里就在学校放假期间陪德里克去上班。 ►It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.(作宾补) 它那么小，我们只好把行李箱放在走廊里。 [即时训练5]——完成句子 (1)所以，在我看来，我的英语老师是我最尊敬的人。 So, in my mind , my English teacher is the person I respect most. (2)通过这次活动，我们认识到锻炼身体很重要。 From this activity, we have realized that building up our body is of great importance . (3)这就是我对成长的理解。 Such is my understanding about growing up . Ⅰ.写出画线短语的类型及其所充当成分 1．He could only understand a word here and there. 副词短语作状语 2．Don't fall for(＝Don't be attracted by) her beauty. 名词短语作宾语 3．In spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work. 介词短语作状语 4．We need to build a factory twice larger than this one. 形容词短语作后置定语 5．She carried a basket full of eggs to visit her grandmother. 形容词短语作后置定语 6．New office buildings are going up everywhere. 名词短语作主语 7．The letter on the desk is for Mr Wu, our department manager. 介词短语作后置定语 8．He was so hungry that he finished off everything on the table. 动词短语作谓语 9．He has been working here as an assistant to the chairman for ten years. 介词短语作状语 10．We found everything in the lab in good order before doing the experiment. 介词短语作后置定语 Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．因为大雨飞机没有准时起飞。 The plane didn't take off on time because of the heavy rain . 2．如果五天内不付这个账单，你的煤气供应将会被切断。 If this bill is not paid within five days , your gas supply will be cut off. 3．有时司机们会给他小费，所以他刚好有足够的钱来维持生存。 Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money to live on . 4．那位老工人昨天在会上提出了一个非常实用的计划，但被经理拒绝了。 The old worker put forward a very practical plan at the meeting yesterday, but it was turned down by the manager. 5．该国要在未来的发展中发挥作用的话，她就需要新的领导班子。 The country needs new leadership if she is to play a role in future development . 6．一般来说，学生尊敬博学、耐心的老师。 Generally speaking, students 　look up to the teachers　 who are knowledgeable and patient. 1 (教材P40)One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job.我的愿望之一是辞职后去非洲工作并继续帮助残疾人。 resign　vi.& vt.辞职；辞去 ①resign one's post/position　辞去职务 resign from 从……辞职 resign as 辞去作为……的职务 resign sb to 把某人委托给…… resign oneself to (doing) sth 顺从/听任/只好接受 ②resignation n．辞职；辞呈；顺从 More and more parents resign their children to their grandparents at home while working in the city.越来越多的父母在城市打工时把孩子托付给家里的爷爷奶奶照顾。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Her opponent has resigned himself (he) to the fact that he will lose his job. (2)He found it uncomfortable to work in this company, so he decided to resign from his position. (3)It didn't take long for news of his resignation (resign) to get around. 2 (教材P40)I think everyone deserves the right to be happy.我认为每个人都有权利感到快乐。 deserve　vt.值得；应得；应受 ①deserve to do sth 应该/值得做某事 deserve doing/to be done ……值得被做 you deserve it (口语)活该；自作自受 ②deserving adj.值得的；应得的 deserved adj.理所当然的 Drivers who park their cars illegally, particularly stopping traffic flow, deserve punishment/punishing/to be punished.非法停车的司机，尤其是那些阻断交通的人，应当予以惩处。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)When the plot was disclosed, they got the deserved (deserve) punishment. (2)He deserves to win (win) the game because he has been well prepared for it. (3)As far as I'm concerned, the money saved could be used for more deserving (deserve) causes. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (4)保持开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。 ①Keep an open mind，because everyone's ideas deserve consideration . ②Keep an open mind，because everyone's ideas deserve considering . ③Keep an open mind，because everyone's ideas deserve to be considered . 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$