UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Using Language（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2024）

Section Ⅲ　Using Language 教材助读6 Text 1 When people talk of exploring the sea more, they usually mean exploiting<1> it.Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more. More exploration means more pollution.The Deepwater Horizon spilled<2> over 200 million gallons<3> of oil into the sea in 2010.Plastic pollution is also bad，①killing many birds and fish, and has even been found in our tap water. ①此处是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。 Mining for resources is very damaging, especially in the Arctic.Because of climate change, there is less ice now, ②which means we can look for more fossil fuels<4> further north.But if we burn these, the ice will melt more and this negative cycle<5> will continue.Climate change is warning us that something is very wrong. ②which引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文的整个句子。 Overfishing is another problem.Whales and dolphins are also hunted for their meat or for so-called research.Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering<6>” these intelligent creatures without mercy<7>． The sea is home to<8> life, not human beings' possessions<9>．It is huge, but it is more sensitive than we think.If we do not protect it, future generations will not forgive us. Text 2 ①To truly understand our planet, we must explore the oceans which cover most of it. Opponents<1> may be concerned<2>，but sea exploration is important for our future.For example, scientific research ships can help address<3> important issues such as climate change.②We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action<4>．Therefore, more research is necessary. ①不定式To truly understand our planet表示目的；which引导定语从句，修饰the oceans。 ②本句是主从复合句，so that在此引导目的状语从句；what引导宾语从句。 ③Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better. ④Logging<5> new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.It may help us discover new medicines, as well as new sources of food and energy. Accessing<6> the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes. ③此处Understanding more about the sea是动词-ing短语，作主语。 ④此处 Logging new species是动词-ing短语，作主语。 The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development.There are probably vast amounts of <7> resources under the sea and ice, not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals. Of course, there are still environmental risks.However, these should be balanced with economic needs.Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options<8> for managing this balance. <1>exploit/IkˈsplɔIt/vt.开发；利用；剥削 exploitation n．开发 <2>spill (spilled, spilled或spilt，spilt) vt.& vi.洒出；溢出 <3>gallon/ˈɡælən/n．[C]加仑(容积单位)，1英制加仑约等于4.5升 <4>fossil fuel n．[C，U]化石燃料 <5>negative cycle恶性循环 positive cycle良性循环 <6>murder/ˈmɜːdə(r)/vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n．谋杀；凶杀 murderer/ˈmɜːdərə(r)/n.凶手；杀人犯 <7>mercy/ˈmɜːsi/n.[U]仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 at the mercy of…被……摆布 <8>be home to…是……的家园 <9>possession/pəˈzeʃn/n.[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制 possess vt.拥有 in possession of拥有…… in the possession of被……拥有 <1>opponent/əˈpəʊnənt/n.[C]反对者；对手；竞争者 <2>concerned/kənˈsɜːnd/adj.担心的；忧虑的 be concerned about/for…担心……；忧虑…… be concerned about/with…关注……；对……感兴趣 <3>address vt.[熟词生义]设法解决，处理，对付 <4>take action采取行动 <5>log/lɒɡ；NAmE lɔːɡ/vt.把……载入正式记录；记录 n.正式记录；日志；原木 log in/on注册；登录 <6>access vt.到达；进入 accessible adj.可进入的 <7>vast amounts of大量的 <8>option n．选择 optional adj.可选择的 文本一 人们在谈论扩大海洋勘探的时候，通常指的是海洋开发。海洋勘探已经造成了许多问题，并将继续引发更多问题。 扩大勘探意味着污染加剧。2010年“深水地平线”钻井平台在海中溢出了两亿多加仑的石油。塑料污染也十分严重，导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。 资源开采极具破坏性，尤其是在北极地区。由于气候变化，现在冰川减少了，这意味着我们可以在更北的地方寻找更多的化石燃料。但是，如果我们燃烧这些燃料，冰川将融化得更多，这一不良循环将持续下去。气候变化正警告我们情况不妙。 过度捕捞是另一个问题。鲸鱼和海豚也遭到捕杀，成为盘中美食或用于所谓的研究。尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。 海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的所有物。海洋广阔无垠，但比我们想象的更为敏感。如果我们不保护它，子孙后代将不会原谅我们。 文本二 为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。反对者也许会忧心忡忡，但是海洋探索对我们的未来十分重要。例如，科学考察船可以帮助应对像气候变化这种重要的问题。我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。因此，有必要开展更多的研究。 深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。记载新物种将提升我们对地球上的生命的了解。这可能还会帮助我们发现新的药物，以及新的食物和能源来源。深海探索还有可能会帮助我们预测地震等事件。 世界人口正在不断增长，我们需要新的资源来维系未来的发展。海洋和冰川之下可能蕴藏着大量的资源，不仅仅是石油和天然气，还有珍贵的矿物。 当然，环境风险仍然存在。但是，这些风险应该与经济需求相平衡。随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。 Ⅰ.Read the texts (P32), then choose the best answer. 1．What's the main idea of the texts? A．The risks about sea exploration. B．The benefits about sea exploration. C．The balance between sea exploration and protection. D．The necessities and risks about sea exploration. 答案　D 2．Why does the first author mention the Deepwater Horizon? A．To show it has more gallons of oil. B．To explain its influence on animals. C．To stress the bad effect of plastic. D．To prove it has caused serious pollution. 答案　D 3．What is the meaning of “negative cycle” in the third paragraph of Text 1? A．An incomplete link. B．One trouble leads to another that worsens the first. C．A damaged item. D．An idea that is not positive. 答案　B 4．What is the opinion of the second author? A．The benefits of exploring oceans outweigh the risks. B．There are more disadvantages of sea exploration. C．There are no problems with sea exploration. D．People have successfully managed the balance between risks and economic needs. 答案　A Ⅱ.课文语法填空 When people talk of exploring the sea more, they usually mean 1. exploiting (exploit) it.Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more. More exploration means more pollution.The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010. Mining for resources is very 2. damaging (damage)．Overfishing is another problem.Although hunting whales and dolphins 3. was banned (ban) in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures 4. without mercy.The sea is home 5. to life, not human beings' 6. possessions (possess)． To truly understand our planet, we must explore the oceans.7. Opponents (opponent) may be concerned, but sea exploration is important for our future.Therefore, more research is necessary. Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage 8. its (it) resources better.Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.The population of the world is growing 9. and we need new resources for future development. Of course, we should balance environmental risks with 10. economic (economy) needs. 1 (教材P32)Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy. 尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。 mercy　n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 ①show mercy to sb＝have mercy on sb怜悯某人 at the mercy of任由……摆布；受……控制 without mercy残忍地；毫无同情地 ②merciful adj.仁慈的；宽容的 be merciful to/towards对……仁慈 ③merciless adj.残忍的；无情的 He was such a cruel man that he showed no/little mercy to others.他是一个如此残酷的人以至于他对别人毫无怜悯之情。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The warm-hearted woman always has mercy on the poor children. (2)We were told when he was taken to hospital that his injuries were so severe that death would be merciful (mercy)． [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)在过去，农民受大自然的摆布。 In the old days, the farmers were at the mercy of nature. (4)午间酷热的阳光无情地蒸烤着他们。 The blistering sun at noon beat down on them without mercy . 2 (教材P32)The sea is home to life, not human beings' possessions. 海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的所有物。 possession　n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制 ①in possession of具有，拥有 in the possession of sb＝in sb's possession为某人所有 take possession of占有，拥有 ②possess v.拥有，具有；支配(不用于进行时) be possessed of具有(某种品质、能力等) [提示] in possession of表示主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常为表示人的词语；in the possession of表示被动，意为“被……占有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。 ①(以文助写)My whole school appreciates your great contributions, which have been precious possessions.我们整个学校都感谢您的伟大贡献，这是宝贵的财富。 ②He couldn't let his notebook be in someone else's possession. 他不能让他的笔记本落入他人之手。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)To his sorrow, he lost all his possessions (possess) because of his failure in his business. (2)We can't take possession (possess) of this house until the owner comes back. [习作练笔]——一句多译/补全句子 (3)据说一个年轻人拥有这座大楼。 ①It is said that a young man possesses this building .(possess v．) ②It is said that a young man is in possession of this building .(possession n．) ③It is said that this building is　in the possession of a young man　.(possession n．) (4)他极有自信。 He is possessed of great self-confidence. 3 (教材P32)Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better. 深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。 句型：动词-ing(短语)作主语 ①动词-ing(短语)作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词通常用单数形式； ②动词-ing(短语)作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。常见的能用于这种结构的形容词和名词有good, no good, no use, useless等。 Climbing up the mountain will make you exhausted. 爬上这座山会使你筋疲力尽。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)It is no use telling (tell) him not to worry. (2) Being exposed (expose) to loud music too much has caused hearing loss in some teenagers. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)早晨大声朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。 Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good. (4)在操场上做同样的体育活动给我们提供了促进友谊的机会。 Doing the same sports on the playground gives us the opportunity to promote our friendship. 4 (教材P34)A $5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the murder.已宣布悬赏500万美元，获取抓捕谋杀案犯罪嫌疑人的线索。 arrest　n．逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引(注意) ①under arrest　被捕 ②arrest one's attention 吸引某人的注意 arrest sb for 因……而逮捕某人 get arrested 遭逮捕 He was walking in the street when a bird arrested his attention.他正在街上走着，这时一只鸟吸引了他的注意力。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence. (2)During the strike, a great many young people got arrested (arrest)． [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)这个家伙前几天因酒后驾车被逮捕了，这使他的父母非常心烦。 The fellow was arrested for drunk driving the other day, which made his parents very upset. 5 (教材P34)Actually, people in ancient times did believe seals and human beings were the same. 事实上，古代人确实相信海豹和人类是一样的。 句型： do强调谓语动词 ①强调谓语动词时要用助动词do, does或did，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中；do还可以用于祈使句； ②如果强调句子的其他成分，一般可用强调句型：“It is/was…that…”。 If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.如果你有一份工作，一定要全身心地投入，最终你会成功的。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)她确实提醒过我那件事情，但我完全忘了。 She did remind me of that matter, but I totally forgot it. (2)昨天晚上我确实帮助我的一个同学学习英语了。 I did help one of my classmates learn her English last night. 6 (教材P34)The son loved his parents so much that he promised not to swim. 这个儿子非常爱他的父母，他答应不游泳。 句型：so…that…引导结果状语从句 ①so…that…“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其句型基本结构： so＋ ②such…that…“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其句型基本结构： such＋ Beijing is developing so fast that you can never imagine what it will be like next year.北京发展得如此之快，你根本想象不出明年会是什么样子。 [习作练笔]——补全句子/一句多译 (1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ读后续写)听到这个消息我非常高兴，我立即和老师分享了。 I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. (2)我们对比赛如此感兴趣，以至于我们组成了一个小组参加比赛。 We were so interested in the competition that we formed a group to take part in it. (3)他看上去是那么好的人，我们都相信他。 ①He seemed so nice a man that we all believe him. ②He seemed such a nice man that we all believe him. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$