内容正文:
Section Ⅳ Writing—Write a description of an iconic animal
本单元的写作任务属于描写动物的说明文。我们写介绍动物的说明文时,首先要确定描写的对象,或者从平时的观察中,已对该种动物有一定程度的了解,或者有一定的相关资料可以查阅等。在写作时要注意使用恰当的修辞手法,抓住描述动物特征的有效方法。
跟课文学写作范式
(一)课文范式提炼
(二)写作要点指津
描写动物的说明文在写作中要注意以下几点:
1.描写动物通常从外表特征、生活区域、生活习性和种群现状等方面介绍和说明要描写的动物。
2.通常来说,说明文陈述的是客观事实,不需要发表个人见解,抒发个人情感,但对于动物的外表特征和人们对其评价方面,可用一些形象、生动的语言描绘,比如lovely, cute, kind, honest, powerful等。
3.说明文的写作通常以第三人称为主,时态以一般现在时为主。
跟课文学亮点表达
阅读文章第一自然段,习得以下素养
★学亮点表达
第一段恰当地运用了with复合结构,凸显了作者使用高级句式表达的功底。
[微写作1]——补全句子(用with复合结构)
(1) With so many things to deal with (有那么多事情要处理), I can't go on holiday.
(2) With everything arranged well (一切都安排妥当), the party will begin as planned.
(3) With time going by (随着时间的推移), I gradually adapted myself to the life there.
★学写作手法
文章开头用Creatures Unique to Australia点明主题,接着用设问的形式逐一描述了生长在澳大利亚这片沃土的特有物种:袋鼠、考拉等。从而引起读者的阅读兴趣。
阅读文章第二自然段,习得以下素养
★学写作手法
第二段第二、三句通过对袋鼠的特征描述,映射出澳大利亚人及其国家的力量和决心,不仅宣传了澳大利亚的特色文化,同时也提升了民族自信。结尾作者诙谐地提醒读者,袋鼠具有攻击性,需要小心。语言幽默风趣,不断调动读者的阅读兴趣。
[微写作2]——语段填空
There is no better place to visit than the Forbidden City in Beijing, which was originally built in the Ming Dynasty.It represents the highest standard of China's architecture (中国建筑的最高标准).In 1987, it was listed as the world cultural heritage.
★学亮点表达
第二段第二句作者使用了that引导的定语从句表达了袋鼠顽强的生命力,不断地与恶劣环境斗争,阐明了其作为澳大利亚象征的原因。
阅读文章第三自然段,习得以下素养
★学亮点表达
1.第三段首句作者运用了拟人的修辞手法,用who引导的定语从句整体描写出考拉的“性格”,sensitive和panic是它们的特点。
2.第三段尾句使用两个过去分词limited作定语,分别修饰名词time和frequency,凸显出作者对词汇的精准运用。
[微写作3]——补全句子
(1)海豚是一种可爱的生物,主要靠吃鱼生存。
The dolphin is a cute creature who mainly survives by eating fish.
(2)我们要将有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务中去。
We must devote our limited life to the infinite service of the people.
★学写作手法
本段中作者从“考拉”的性格特点入手,分析了考拉为什么不能让观众随便触摸和拥抱,提醒读者用正确的方式关爱动物。
阅读文章第四自然段,习得以下素养
★学亮点表达
第四段第六句使用比喻的修辞手法进行描写,即look like rather large black rats,凸显出作者深厚的语言功底。
[微写作4]——补全句子
(1)大象又高又圆。它胖胖的身体看起来像一堵墙。
The elephant is tall and round.Its fat body looks like a wall .
(2)从远处看,这座山看起来像一头狮子。
Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion .
(3)在晚上,他们的眼睛发光,看起来像天上的星星。
At night, their eyes shine and they look like stars in the sky .
★学过渡衔接
本段在描述一种被称为“塔斯马尼亚恶魔”的小动物时,多处使用到表达逻辑关系的衔接词,如so, but, also, fortunately, despite等,生动地展现了这种外形欠佳的动物令人害怕的同时又很讨人喜欢的特点。
阅读文章第五自然段,习得以下素养
★学亮点表达
第五段第二句使用while引导的让步状语从句来介绍鸭嘴兽的“跨界”特征:可以像鸟一样产卵,实际却是哺乳动物,令人惊奇。第五句运用了what引导的宾语从句,来引出鸭嘴兽在动物界“独具一格”的特殊技能,多种高级句式的使用既体现了作者的写作功底,又增强了文章的表达效果。
[微写作5]——补全句子
(1)尽管我愿意帮忙,但是没有多少时间。
While I am willing to help , I do not have much time available.
(2)没有人知道接下来将会发生什么事。
Nobody knows what will happen next .
(3)据预测,大熊猫幼崽睿宝和辉宝最快将于2025年回国,这引起了为什么大熊猫如此难以喂养和繁殖的问题。
It's predicted that giant panda cubs Rui Bao and Hui Bao will come back home as early as 2025, which raises the question of why giant pandas are so difficult to feed and breed .
★学写作风格
第五段第五句以问句的形式提出问题,能够更好地激发读者的阅读兴趣,这种互动性的写作风格大大增加了语篇的趣味性。结尾感叹句的使用表达了强烈的情感,让人印象深刻。
第一段:简要介绍这种动物
1.This is a cute animal, which is loved by most kids.
这是一种可爱的动物,受到大多数孩子的喜爱。
2.It is a unique animal living in the deep valley.
它是生活在深谷中的一种独一无二的动物。
3.With a wide distribution around the country, they are undoubtedly the symbol of the country.
由于广泛分布在全国各地,它们无疑是国家的象征。
4.While touring the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the chances are that you'll come across Tibetan antelopes.在游览青藏高原时,你很有可能会遇到藏羚羊。
5.Almost all of them living in high mountains and preferring a quiet life, seldom do we see them.他们几乎都居住在高山上,喜欢安静的生活,我们很少看到它们的身影。
第二段:具体介绍这种动物的特点
1.The animal has a thin face with two big and bright eyes on it.这种动物有一张瘦瘦的脸,脸上有两个大大的明亮的眼睛。
2.It is native to Africa and it spends most time in the forest.
它产自非洲,大部分时间在森林里度过。
3.It feeds on grass and is friendly to people.
它是食草动物,对人类很友好。
4.The local villagers have been living in harmony with the animal.
当地村民一直和这种动物和谐相处。
5.As is well known to us, elephants are highly social and intelligent animals.
众所周知,大象是高度群居和聪明的动物。
6.Due to the destruction of natural habitat, the number of Asian Elephants has declined sharply.
由于自然栖息地的破坏,亚洲象的数量急剧下降。
第三段:呼吁人们采取措施保护动物
1.Let's make joint efforts to protect the endangered animals.让我们共同努力保护濒危动物吧。
2.It's high time that we should live in harmony with the nature.
到了我们应该与自然和谐相处的时候了。
3.Finally, we should let people know the importance of protecting endangered animals.最后,我们应该让人们知道保护濒危动物的重要性。
【写作要求】
假如你是李华,请你给学校英文报纸的《动物世界》栏目写一篇80词左右的说明文,介绍一下我国特有的动物大熊猫。
【四步成文】
第一步:审题谋篇
第二步:由词扩句
1.大熊猫被认为是我国的国宝和和平的象征,而且它们因为黑白相间的皮毛和可爱的举止被人们所喜欢。
Giant pandas are regarded as a national treasure of China and a symbol of peace, and they are loved by people for their black and white fur and cute behaviour.
2.大熊猫是原产于中国中西部和西南部的哺乳动物,它们以竹子为食。(native to, feed on)
Giant pandas are mammals native to central-western and southwestern China, and they feed on bamboos .
3.他们曾濒临灭绝,但近来,报告显示野生熊猫的数量正在上升。(be on the rise)
Once they were in danger of dying out, but recently reports show (that) the number of wild pandas is on the rise .
4.科学家们希望,有一天能有足够的熊猫自由自在地生活在野外。
Scientists hope that one day there will be enough pandas to be set free and let them live in the wild freely .
5.我们应该采取措施保护它们以实现这个目标。
We are supposed to take measures to protect them to achieve the goal.
第三步:句式升级
1.用过去分词作状语升级第二步中的句1
Regarded as a national treasure of China and a symbol of peace, giant pandas are loved by people for their black and white fur and cute behaviour.
2.用定语从句升级第二步中的句2
Giant pandas are mammals which are native to central-western and southwestern China, and they feed on bamboos.
第四步:连句成篇
One possible version:
Regarded as a national treasure of China and a symbol of peace, giant pandas are loved by people for their black and white fur and cute behaviour.
Giant pandas are mammals native to central-western and southwestern China, and they feed on bamboos.Once they were in danger of dying out, but recently reports show (that) the number of wild pandas is on the rise.
Scientists hope that one day there will be enough pandas to be set free and let them live in the wild freely.We are supposed to take measures to protect them to achieve the goal.
东北虎(the Manchurian tiger)栖息在中国东北地区、朝鲜(Democratic People's Republic of Korea)和俄罗斯东西伯利亚地区(eastern Siberia of Russia),是世界上高度濒危的动物之一。请结合下列要点,用英语写一篇短文,简单介绍东北虎的相关情况。
1.东北虎是世界上现存体重最大的肉食性猫科动物;
2.东北虎以鹿、野猪为主食,有时还吃鱼;
3.长期以来,由于人们的捕杀,东北虎已被列入濒临灭绝的物种名录;
4.目前东北虎数量很少,野生东北虎在我国境内仅有20只左右,全世界也仅有500只左右。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
One possible version:
The Manchurian Tiger
The Manchurian tiger, the largest living cat, is one of the most endangered animals in the world.
It can be found in northeastern China, eastern Siberia of Russia and Democratic People's Republic of Korea.It mainly eats deer, wild pigs and fish sometimes.Humans have hunted Manchurian tigers, destroyed their habitat and cut off the food on which they feed for a long time, which resulted in these beautiful creatures being placed onto the endangered species list.According to the latest figures, there are only about 500 Manchurian tigers living in the wild today and about 20 of them are in China.
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