专题14 主从复合句 （课件）- 2025年中考二轮语法专题复习讲与练

中考二轮语法专题复习 讲与练 专题14.主从复合句 目录 01 状语从句 02 宾语从句 03 定语从句 04 即时训练 01状语从句 状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，起副词的作用。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在从句中不担任任何句子成分。状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。位于主句之前，一般要加逗号与主句分开；位于句末则不需要。状语从句根据它所表达的意思可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较，让步、方式和条件状语从句等类。 详见专题7 - 连词。 02 定语从句 定语从句在主从复合句中起定语作用，修饰主句中的名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词之后。 定语从句主要由关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that和关系副词when，where，，why所引导。它们在意义上代表先行词，同时在定语从句中担任某种成分，但没有疑问的意义。 一、关系代词的用法 1.who 、whom、whose who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。Whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，在非正式文体、口语中常可以省去。Whose指人或事物，是所有格，在定语从句中作定语。 如， The tall man who is standing over there is my brother. （who is standing over there是关系代词who引导的定语从句，用以修饰who的先行词man，who在从句中作主语） 2，that that多用来指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指物时的用法与which基本相同，作宾语常可省略。 如， Who is the man that is speaking at the meeting?（that is speaking at the meeting是关系代词that引导的定语从句，用以修饰that的先行词man，that在从句中作主语） I like music （that / which）I can dace to. 我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐。 【注意】先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。 1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。 如，There is nothing that I can do for you . 2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。 This is the very book that I’m looking for . 3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。 This is the first nextbook that I studied in the middle school . 4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。 This is the most beautiful mountain that I have ever seen . 5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。 He told us many interesting things and persons that we had . 3, which which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。如， The assistant showed me the book (which) I wanted to buy. ( which I wanted to buy是关系代词which引导的定语从句，用以修饰which的先行词book，which在从句中作宾语，因此可省略) 二、关系副词的用法 1，where: 先行词是表示地点的名词,在定语从句中作地点状语引导。 如， The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 2,when: 先行词是表示时间的名词,在定语从句中作时间状语.如， I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 03 宾语从句 宾语从句在主从复合句中起宾语的作用，既可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词、非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）的宾语。在初中英语中，宾语从句主要从以下几个方面来把握： 一，引导词：引导宾语从句的关联词 1，that：由 陈述句作宾语从句时，由从属连词that引导，that本身无义，在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。 如： I am sure (that) she has passed the exam.She said (that) she would come. 2，if/whether: 由一般疑问句作宾语从句时，由从属连词whether或if引导，意为“是否”。如果强调“究竟是…还是不…”，可在whether后加not。 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch. I ask him whether he has had his lunch or not. Can you tell me if/whether you can come here tomorrow? I’ll wait to see whether your words are true or not. 3，特殊疑问词：由特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由原来的特殊疑问代词who，whom，whose，what，which和特殊疑问副词when，where，why，how引导。如， He didn’t tell me when we would meet again. I don’t know what is he. The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school. 二、语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即 “主语+谓语+… 如，Do you know when the next train will leave ? I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. Please tell me when you were born. 三、时态：宾语从句的时态与主句时态相呼应。 1，主句谓语动词如果是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态， 如： I know he didn't come. 我知道他没来。 I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天来。 I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。　 2，主句中的谓语动词若是一般过去时，宾语从句也要用相应的过去的某一种时态。 详见下表 一般现在时 一般过去时 Tom told us he lived in Beijing 一般将来时 过去将来时 I wanted to know when he would come 现在进行时 过去进行时 Did you know what they were doing? 现在完成时 过去完成时 I realized I had left my keys at home. 【注意】 1，如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。 The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun 2，情态动词could/would用于，“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。如， Could you tell me what he is doing？ 04 即时训练 一、填空完成句子 1. —Do you know __________ they will have the meeting? —Tomorrow morning. 2. —I wonder __________ I may have a word with you. —Yes, of course. 3. —Did you have a good time in Zibo? —Come and have a look. My photos will show you what the trip __________ (be)like. 4. —Could you please tell me __________ you will go to Hong Kong on business? —Sure. I prefer to take a plane. 5. —Excuse me, Madam. Could you please tell me __________ the bus arrives? —Sure. At 9: 00. 答案：1. when　2. if/whether　3. was　4. how　5. when 6. —What kind of books do you like? —I like the books __________ are about powerful and successful people. 7. I think the first lesson __________ we are learning is very easy. 8. Everyone __________ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city. 9. —Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends. —Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication __________ people like. 10. —Do you know the man _________ T-shirt is blue? —Yes, I do. He is my Chinese teacher, Mr Smith. 答案: 1. that/which　2. that　3. who/that　4. that　5. whose 二、单项选择 1._____ Switzerland is very small, _____ it is the land of watch and it is very rich. A. Though; but      B. Because; so       C. Because; /    D. Though; / 2.I will call you as soon as I ______ the ticket to the football match. A. will get   B. get       C. got       D. am getting 3.In summer , food goes bad easily ________ it is put in the refrigerator. A. until B. if C. unless D. so D B C 4.I like the teacher__________ classes are very interesting and creative. A. which B. who C. what D. whose 5.Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which 6.It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people __ have helped me. A. who B. what C. which D. where 7.This is the novel________ is written by Guo Jingming. A. who B. what C. that D. / D D A C 8.He said that light ______much faster than sound. A. has travelled B. went C. travels D. travelled 9.Can you tell me ______ after this exam ? A. what you did B. what did you do C. what will you do D. what you will do 10.— I wonder______. — I'm afraid we'll be late. A. how we can be on time B. what we are going to do C. why we get to school late D. if we will arrive at the meeting on time C D D Thank you for listening. 23 $$