专题03阅读理解说明文&议论文（浙江专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中真题分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解说明文&议论文（浙江专用） 说明文 C （一） （23-24高二下·浙江省温州新力量联盟·期中） Sam Krug is the second generation at Preferred Popcorn, a Nebraska (n.内布拉斯加州) factory that produces Americans favorite movie snack. Here fresh batches of popcorn are made every 15 minutes and immediately tested and tasted for quality. The whole process begins with growing the right kind of corn, not surprisingly cold popcorn. The big difference between corn and popcorn is that popcorn has lots of starch (n.淀粉) inside of it. The shell is hard and so the starch, when you heat it up, mixes with the moisture in the kernel (n.玉米粒) and it boils inside of this. And it gets so hot and the shell is so hard on the outside that it gets hotter and hotter and more excited and more excited and eventually it just blows out. Nebraska has perfect conditions for growing popcorn, including the right climate and plenty of water for irrigation. And you don’t have to look far to find local farmers to work with. They usually take it to the factory where the kernels are sorted by weight, color and size. Factory staffs pop a sample of each batch to test it out. They always pop at 480 degrees and use exactly the same amount of oil when they are going to pop. During the course, factory standard coconut (n.椰子) oil is used. The factory sells kernels for different kinds of popcorn, depending on how the buyer plans to prepare it. It seems that the Americans eat more popcorn than any other nation in the world. And the US Popcorn Board says that in 2018 they consumed more than 14 billion liters of the snack. 28.What do we know about Preferred Popcorn? A．It is the second generation popcorn factory. B．It produces fresh batches of popcorn every 15 minutes C．It tests and tastes the quality of popcorns. D．It produces popcorns for the Nebraska movie factory. 29.Why does the popcorn blow out when heated? A．Because it has lots of starch inside of it. B．Because the starch and moisture boils inside the hard shell. C．Because the shell is hard. D．Because it is cold popcorn. 30.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The factory has already known the consumers’ plan. B．The factory makes preparations for the buyers. C．The factory sells kernels for different kinds of popcorns according to the workers’ needs. D．The factory takes different consumers’ demand into consideration. 31.What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Production of the popcorns. B．Reasons for Nebraska to grow popcorns C．Procedures for growing the popcorn D．Conditions for making popcorns. （二） （23-24高二下·浙江省卓越联盟·期中） The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Grain Buds (小满), the 8th solar term of a year, begins on May 21 this year, and ends on June 5. It means that the seeds from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe. Let’s see what we can do during the “Grain Buds” period. Eating herb of common sow thistle Grain Buds is a season for eating the herb of the common sow thistle, which is one of the earliest edible potherbs in China. It tastes a little bitter, but also sweet. People in Ningxia Hui autonomous region like to eat it mixed with salt, vinegar, peppers or garlic. It tastes delicious and helps people feel refreshed. Some people boil the herb with water and then squeeze out the juice, which can be used to make soup. Key period for flower management This time is a good period of the quick growth of flowers. It is also a season when plant diseases and pests are at an all-time high, which makes caring for your garden even more critical. Flowers need a lot of water and extra care to stay healthy. Weeding should be done as they grow quickly and have to be extirpated in order to keep the soil loose and from competing with the flowers for nutrients. Celebrating silkworm deity birthday Silkworm rearing is a traditional byproduct for people in regions south of the Yangtze River. People in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces regard this season as the birthday of the silkworm deity. Those who engage in the silk industry thank the deity by offering sacrifices and staging performances. They pray to the deity for blessings and a boom season for the silk business. 21.Which of the following is true about Grain Buds? A．It is seen as the birthday of the flower deity. B．It is an essential period to tend to the garden. C．It means that the seeds from the grain are mature. D．It begins on May 21 this year, and ends on July 5. 22.People in the silk industry tend to ______ during the Grain Buds. A．offer sacrifices to ancestors B．pray for a close season C．learn to count their blessings D．give shows to thank the deity 23.In which column of a newspaper can we read the article? A．Entertainment. B．Economics. C．Politics. D．Culture. （三） （23-24高二下·浙江省温州新力量联盟·期中） There is growing evidence to show that our past knowledge about Mars was not always the case. Now European researchers say they have discovered the first evidence of a huge groundwater system that once existed below the planet’s surface. A new study was carried out by Francesco Salese and his team, who studied images of 24 deep craters (n.弹坑) in the northern half of the Red Planet. These pictures were captured by ESA’s Mars Express orbiter (n.宇宙飞船), which was launched in 2003. The study provides the first geological proof that Mars once had a “planet-wide groundwater system.” According to Salese, scientific evidence already suggests Mars was once a watery world. His team says the images showed that large amounts of successive groundwater activity connected the areas they studied. Evidence of basins and coastlines was also found on the surface of Mars, supporting the idea that water was once present. He added that all the basins seemed to reach about the same height. Scientists have yet to find out what happened to all that water. And the complex history of water on Mars has linked to whether or not life ever existed on it. During the latest study, researchers also discovered evidence of minerals within some of the identified (adj.被识别的) bodies of water. The researchers say the findings adds weight to the idea that the water basins on Mars may have once held the materials required to support life. Some of this material could still be buried on Mars, providing possible evidence of life during future exploration. Francesco Salese believes the latest findings could also help us learn new things about our own planet. 28.What can we infer about our past knowledge of Mars? A．It had no water. B．It had no groundwater. C．It had a great groundwater system. D．It had water on the surface of the planet. 29.Where can you find the evidence that Mars once had a “planet-wide groundwater system”? A．In paragraph 3. B．In paragraph 2. C．In paragraph 1. D．In paragraph 4. 30.Which of the following best explains “successive” underlined in paragraph 3? A．complicated B．brilliant C．continuous D．incredible 31.What is the main idea of the text? A．Evidence of water on Mars enables us learn new things about the earth B．Our past knowledge about Mars was incorrect. C．Evidence of life could be revealed by the discovery of water on Mars. D．The ever existence of groundwater system on Mars was discovered. （四） （23-24高二下·浙江省卓越联盟·期中） You’ll boost your brainpower if you brave the unknown, says our memory expert, Jonathan Hancock. There’s a lot to cope with when you go off to university, and the academic work is just the start. There are new friends to meet, new opportunities to choose between, new responsibilities to accept... and, for most students, a completely new city to explore. We recently drove our daughter Evie 150 miles to start life as a fresher. It was a struggle to find the car park, let alone navigate the maze of corridors that led to her room. Before we left that evening, we’d taken her to the local supermarket, and we knew that she had flatmates and phone apps to get her orientated. But the scale of the challenge ahead was clear — to find her way in an unfamiliar world. The good news for Evie — and learners everywhere is that exploring new habitats is hugely beneficial to memory. In a recent study, volunteers walked around a simulated forest environment. Then some of them took the same walk again, while others explored a different forest. And that second group performed significantly better in memory tests straight after. According to the researchers, that was because navigating the new environment stimulated their dopamine (多巴胺) systems-setting up their brains for learning. So leaving home to study for a degree makes perfect sense. What’s more, young minds seem to gain most from being in strange surroundings. But we may all be able to gain some of the benefits, even if it’s just by stimulating our senses and challenging our thinking skills. Here are three things to try: (1) Go somewhere new to tackle an upcoming learning task—like memorizing a speech in the library or revising for an exam on a park bench — and take an unfamiliar route to get there. (2) Play video games that get you moving through new landscapes. Then see whether it improves your success with other learning tasks, like practising a dance or mastering phrases for a foreign trip. (3) Get lost in your imagination! To warm yourself up for learning, picture a city you know well, but imagine you’re stranded in a part of it that you’ve never visited. Then try to fancy exactly how you’ll get out. 28.What happened when they sent their daughter to her school according to Paragraph 3? A．They found a park for all their efforts. B．They were new to the surroundings. C．They got lost in the maze of corridors. D．They had no phone apps to rely on. 29.According to the passage, which is not a good way to boost your brain power? A．Taking an unfamiliar route to go home. B．Playing some video games that help you explore new surroundings. C．Getting addicted to playing video games before revising for the exam. D．Imagining yourself getting out of a new city before memorizing a speech. 30.Why did the second group in the study perform better in memory tests? A．Because their dopamine systems were activated. B．Because they entered the same environment twice. C．Because they had flatmates and phone apps to help them. D．Because they walked around a simulated forest environment. 31.What is the main idea of the article? A．The need for finding parking spaces in unfamiliar cities. B．The impact of exploring a new environment on our minds. C．The benefits of playing video games for improving learning tasks. D．The significance of picturing familiar cities for memory enhancement. （五） （23-24高二下·浙江省浙东北（ZDB）联盟·期中） Last year, an estimated one in seven Americans participated in Dry January, a challenge to avoid alcohol for a month. The idea is to keep away from holiday excess and start the new year on a healthier note. The annual 31-day practice began as a public health campaign in the United Kingdom about eight years ago and has been growing ever since. Dry January is a great strategy for improving your relationship with alcohol, says Keith Heinzerling, MD, an internist (内科医生) and addiction medicine specialist. “Doing a ‘trial quit’ for a short period of time is easier for many people than going straight to total abstinence,” he says. “Taking time away from drinking, even just for a few weeks, gives you a fresh perspective and the opportunity to break bad habits you may have with alcohol.” It doesn’t take long to start to see positive changes, according to Dr. Heinzerling. “Within just a few days of not drinking, your blood pressure and heart rate will be lower, and you’ll have improved blood sugar regulation, better sleep, and less anxiety and depression,” he says. Another bonus: Quitting alcohol often makes other good habits—exercise and healthy eating, for example—easier to start and maintain, which in turn leads to even more health benefits. For those who might not be able to handle a month of not drinking, Dr. Heinzerling says, “People who wake up with withdrawal symptoms, sweating, tremors, and a strong need for a drink should not do Dry January.” For everyone — social drinkers and possible problem drinkers — one key to a positive Dry January is to see it not as a month of gritting your teeth and getting through it until you can drink again, but rather the start of a healthier lifestyle overall. What better way to start the new year? 28.What can we learn from the passage about Dry January? A．Participants are advised to cut out alcohol for a month in January. B．It is a campaign in which participants can learn more about alcohol. C．It is a challenge which aims to introduce the harm of drinking alcohol. D．Participants are advised to take holidays and keep healthy in January. 29.What does the underlined phrase “total abstinence” in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Short-time trial quit. B．Absolutely no drinking. C．Total alcohol addiction. D．Long-time relationship. 30.Which of the following statements is NOT the benefit of Dry January? A．It has some positive effects on your blood pressure and heart rate. B．It can help reduce some mental pressure and improve sleeping quality. C．It will definitely help you get rid of the bad habit with alcohol addiction. D．You are likely to form other good habits in sports and diets after Dry January. 31.Which of the following opinion about Dry January will be mostly accepted by the author? A．“For a brand-new start and healthier life, keep it up.” B．“Let me get drunk with friends after the month!” C．“Dry January will be followed by a Drunk February.” D．“It is a small piece of cake to stop drinking for a month.” （六） （23-24高二下·浙江省强基联盟·期中） Trained goldfish demonstrated a remarkable ability to accurately estimate the distance. Spatial navigation (空间导航) in mammals, birds, and reptiles is well understood, but it was unknown whether similar structures existed in fish. This knowledge would allow us to better understand how spatial navigation systems evolved. Researchers from the University of Oxford tested whether goldfish could perform a task central to spatial mapping-distance estimation — to see if they have similar spatial navigation systems to land species. The study, led by Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux, trained nine goldfish to travel 70 cm within a narrow tank covered with a repeating pattern of vertical stripes (竖条纹) every 2 cm. When the fish reached the predetermined distance, they were prompted by an external cue to turn around and swim back to the starting point. The researchers then tested whether the fish would swim the same distance if the external cue was removed and the starting position was changed. They also tested whether goldfish would swim the same distance when the background pattern was changed. According to the researchers, the results indicate that goldfish estimate distances by visually streaming the apparent motion patterns of objects in the environment (called “optic flow”). Many land species are known to use optic flow to estimate distance, but goldfish appear to process the information differently. Land animals, including humans, ants, wolf-spiders, and honey bees, estimate distances by measuring how the angle between their eye and surrounding objects changes as they travel. Goldfish, on the other hand, appear to use the number of contrast changes experienced on the way. “We present strong evidence that goldfish can accurately estimate distance and show that they use optic flow to do so,” says lead author Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux. “These findings support the use of goldfish as a model system for studying the evolution of the mechanisms in vertebrates (脊椎动物).” 28.What does the word “prompted” underlined in the second paragraph refer to? A．Punished. B．Reminded. C．Forgotten. D．Cheated. 29.Why was the external cue was taken away from the tank? A．To make it easy for the goldfish to turn around. B．To demonstrate the goldfish’s swimming ability. C．To research into the goldfish’s sense of distance. D．To help the goldfish reach the learned distance. 30.According to the results, goldfish estimate distances by ________. A．copying land animals B．processing information C．experiencing changes D．applying optic flow 31.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Goldfish Have an Excellent Sense of Distance B．The Use of Optic Flow Among Land Animals C．A Study Is Being Carried Out on Trained Goldfish D．The Evolution of Spatial Navigation in Vertebrates （七） （23-24高二下·浙江省温州市温州环大罗山联盟·期中） Scenes of a comic character swelling up after eating peanuts in Western TV shows have long been puzzling for many Chinese viewers, as few people in China meet those who have a severe peanut allergy (过敏反应). Their confusion can be explained by Chinese researchers in a new study that Chinese adults and children are more likely to be allergic to seafood, and less likely to be allergic to peanuts compared to people in the United States and Europe. “Animal-derived (动物源的) foods were the primary offending foods, especially shrimp, and skin symptoms were the most commonly reported unpleasant reactions,” said the study. The difference means that cultural, dietary, industrialization and biological factors can play an important role in food allergy patterns, it added. Chen Hongbing, a professor from the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology at Nanchang University, who was involved in the study, said, “For instance, in a previous study on self-reported food allergies among children, seafood topped the list, followed by fish, eggs, fruits and milk.” However, some research also puts wheat as one of the most common allergy triggers among the general population, eggs and milk are considered the most common allergens among infants and young babies. Chen said more research is needed to address these discrepancies (差异性) and to determine if various dietary habits across China result in varied food sensitivity. Luo Xiaoqun, a doctor who was not involved in the studies at Fudan University’s Huashan Hospital, said that the increasing rate of food allergies is a phenomenon observed worldwide, driven by changes in lifestyles, eating habits, as well as growing health awareness and diagnostic ability. Reading allergen labeling on food packages is an easy way to protect consumers from potential allergy triggers. However, food allergen labeling in China is not obligated currently and labeling largely follows an international food regulations. “China has made improvements in devising food labeling standards in recent years, hopefully our findings can accelerate the process of making such labeling compulsory in the near future,” Chen said. 28.What’s the purpose of writing paragraph 1? A．To introduce food people are commonly allergic to. B．To make a comparison between different allergies. C．To introduce a study about allergies. D．To describe typical allergy symptoms. 29.Which of the following doesn’t affect food allergy patterns in the new study? A．eating habits. B．cultural factors C．diagnostic ability D．biological factors 30.What does the underlined word “triggers” in paragraph 3 mean? A．results B．patterns C．reactions D．causes 31.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．China has popularized food labeling in recent years. B．The findings have speeded up the process of food labeling. C．Professor Chen expects a promising future of food labeling. D．China makes no progress in making food labeling. （八） （23-24高二下·浙江省台州市台州六校·期中） Alongside her impressive musical career, Leona Lewis is also the owner of a vegan (素食主义的) coffee shop, Coffee And Plants. She has great enthusiasm for the coffee shop and reveals the drink flavors that they’ve been working on lately. “We’ve just rolled out our new pumpkin drink at the coffee shop. It’s called Pumpkin Pie, and it’s really good! We use all real pumpkin puree, not flavored syrup.” Coffee And Plants is a real passion project for Lewis, being fully plant-based. She has a long history of animal activism (行动主义), starting with going vegetarian (素食者) at the age of 12 after going on shopping trips with her mum and seeing protesters with animal testing signs. “I was so upset, I said, ‘Mum, I have to help the animals’,” she says. “That became my mission as a kid, and it’s fed into every aspect of my life.” Her animal activism grew alongside her fame: in 2011 she supported a campaign to ban the use of wild animals in circuses, and in 2013 she released a cruelty-free makeup line with The Body Shop. When it came to opening a coffee shop, making it plant-based was a no-brainer. “I wanted it to be plant-based because I’m plant-based,” she says. “I would often go into coffee shops and see milk cartons piled up high and think, how many cows are being milked for this? The dairy industry and mass farming—it’s so cruel and harms the environment too.” Environmental awareness is also at the heart of Coffee And Plants, with all cups being recyclable. But ultimately, Lewis is hoping for a more widespread mindset shift. “What we really try and get people to do is actually bring in their own bottles to refill, or we encourage them to sit in and have a coffee in a cup instead,” she explains. “We need a mindset shift where we start to think, OK, we shouldn’t really be using stuff that just goes in the bin.” 28.What does the phrase “rolled out” underlined in the first paragraph mean? A．improved B．discovered C．denied D．launched 29.Why did Lewis decide to be a vegetarian? A．She hated to eat animal meat. B．She wanted to protect animals. C．She was inspired by her mom. D．She was given a great mission. 30.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the release of a cruelty-free makeup line? A．To show Lewis influence on business. B．To compare Lewis’ different activities. C．To prove that the makeup line is plant-based. D．To give an example of Lewis’ animal activism. 31.Which of the following statements may Lewis agree with? A．People have to start using reusable things. B．The mind shift is quite easy to accomplish. C．People shouldn’t use cups in the coffee shop. D．Only vegetarians can go into the coffee shop. （九） （23-24高二下·浙江省温州市温州十校·期中） For adults who have struggled with understanding new math homework or surprised at how quickly kids can learn a second language, there is new evidence that shows kids can really learn things much faster than adults. A study published in Current Biology finds that children and adults have different concentrations of a key brain messenger called gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA．This messenger slows down the brain by blocking specific signals in the body’s central nervous system. It also produces a calming effect and is thought to play a major role in controlling the overactivity of nerve cells associated with anxiety, stress and fear. All these contribute to the learning of new things. In the study, the researchers from Brown University used neuro-imaging techniques to examine visual perceptive (视觉感知的) learning in elementary school-aged children and adults. Participants were shown a number of different images and were later asked questions about them following the test. Visual learning caused an increase of GABA in children’s visual cortex, the area of the brain that processes visual information. However, GABA levels didn’t change in the adults who took the same visual tests. In addition, children participants kept that GABA increase for hours after training ended, while the concentrations of GABA remained the same in the adults studied. “In subsequent behavioral experiments, we found that children indeed learn more items within a given period of time than adults.” said Sebastian M. Frank, the co-author of the study. “Our results therefore point to GABA as a key player in making learning more efficient in children.” These results, the authors argue, should encourage teachers and parents to keep giving children opportunities to learn anything from riding a bike to playing an instrument throughout their childhood. The findings may also change neuro-scientists’ conception of brain maturity in children. “Although children’s brains are not yet fully mature and many of their behavioral and cognitive functions are not as efficient as in adults, children are not, in general, surpassed in their learning abilities by adults,” said study co-author Takeo Watanabe. 28.What’s the function of GABA? A．Send specific messages to the brain. B．Deal with complex math problems. C．Make the nervous system more active. D．Increase efficiency in learning new things. 29.What do we know about the children taking the visual test? A．Their GABA concentrations kept increasing after training. B．Their learning abilities still needed to be improved. C．They could remember more images than adults. D．They were surpassed by adults in learning abilities. 30.How did the researchers do the research? A．By comparing participants’ reaction. B．By analyzing statistics. C．By collecting relative evidence. D．By conducting online survey 31.What does Takeo Watanabe want to say in the last paragraph? A．Neuro-scientists don’t fully understand brain maturity in children. B．Children are not mature in their behavior and cognition. C．It takes a long time for children’s brains to be fully mature. D．Children’s brain maturity does not affect their learning abilities. （十） （23-24高二下·浙江省台州市浙江山海联盟·期中） In a large survey of people’s first memories, nearly 40% of participants reported a first memory that is likely to be fictional, according to findings published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. Current research indicates that people’s earliest memories date from around 3 to 3. 5 years of age. However, the study from researchers at City, University of London, the University of Bradford, and Nottingham Trent University found that 38.6% of 6, 641 participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger, with 893 people claiming memories from age 1 or younger. This was particularly prevalent among middle-aged and older adults. As many of these memories dated before the age of 2 and younger, the authors suggest that these fictional memories are based on remembered fragments (碎片) of early experience — such as a pram (婴儿车), family relationships and feeling sad — and some facts or knowledge about their own infancy or childhood which may have been derived from photographs or family conversations. “Further details may be unconsciously inferred or added” added Shazia Akhatr, first author on the study and Senior Research Associate at the University of Bradford. “When we looked through the responses from participants we found that a lot of these first ‘memories’ were frequently related to infancy, and a typical example would be a memory based around a pram,” explained Martin Conway, Director at the Centre for Memory and Law at City, University of London and coauthor of the paper. “For this person, this type of memory could have resulted from someone saying something like ‘mother and a large green pram’. The person then imagines what it would have looked like. Over time these fragments then become a memory and often the person will start to add things in such as a string of toys along the top,” he added. “Crucially, the person remembering them doesn’t know this is fictional,” Conway noted. “In fact when people are told that their memories are false they often don’t believe it. This partly due to the fact that the systems that allow us to remember things are very complex, and it’s not until we’re 5 or 6 that we form adult-like memories due to the way that the brain develops and due to our maturing understanding of the world.” 28.What can be inferred from the study mentioned in the passage? A．Some people have clear knowledge about their own infancy. B．Added details are an important clue to recall the childhood. C．Most people claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger. D．Talks between family members affect the earliest memories. 29.How does Martin Conway show his opinion? A．By making comparison. B．By setting examples. C．By analyzing data. D．By referring to documents. 30.According to Martin Conway, why do people stick to false memories? A．They have a strong desire to remember things accurately. B．They have a tendency to trust their own memories without questioning them. C．Their brain development makes it hard to distinguish real and false memories. D．Their memories are closely related to complex things in life. 31.What is the text mainly about? A．Many people’s earliest memories may be fictional. B．People’s earliest memories can date back to 2 or younger. C．The middle-aged and adults specialize in detailing their first memory. D．Memories develop due to our maturing understanding of the world. （十一） （23-24高二下·浙江省金兰教育合作组织·期中） Many people have long believed that bright lights draw, or attract flying insects. But that is not exactly what is going on, a new study suggests. Researchers believe that artificial lights at night may cause problems with flying insects’ natural navigation systems. As a result, the creatures fly in confusion around porch lamps, street lights and other artificial lights. “Insects have a navigational problem,” said Tyson Hedrick of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He added, “They’re accustomed to using light as a cue (提示) to know which way is up.” Insects do not fly directly toward a light source, but actually “tilt their backs toward the light,” said Sam Fabian of Imperial College London. Fabian was a co-writer of the study that appeared recently in Nature Communications. This tilting action would make sense if the strongest light source was in the sky. But in the presence of artificial lights, the result is midair confusion. For the study, researchers attached very small sensors to moths and dragonflies in a laboratory. They then filmed “motion-capture” video of flight — similar to how filmmakers attach sensors to actors to follow their movements. Researchers also used high-resolution cameras to film insects flying around lights at a field in Costa Rica. Such films permitted researchers to study in detail how dragonflies circle endlessly around light sources, positioning themselves with their backs facing the light. Researchers also documented that some insects fly upside down — and often crash land — in the presence of lights that shine straight upward like search lights. Insect flight was least disrupted by bright lights that shine straight downward, the researchers found. “For millions of years, insects oriented themselves by sensing that the sky is light, the ground is dark — until people invented artificial lights”, said Avalon Owens of Harvard University. 28.What can we learn from the study? A．Insects have a navigational problem. B．Artificial lights will make insects confused. C．Not all insects do fly directly toward a light source. D．Small sensors are used to film an insect documentary. 29.Which of the following may Avalon Owens agree with? A．Insects are unlikely to fly upside down. B．Insects can position themselves facing the light. C．Insects failed to orient themselves because of artificial lights. D．Insect flight was interrupted by downward-shining bright lights. 30.What attitude does the author take towards the study? A．Ambiguous. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 31.Where can we most probably read this passage? A．In an advertisement. B．In a science textbook. C．In a nature magazine. D．In a news report. （十二） （23-24高二下·浙江省培优联盟·期中） Empathy (共情) is one of the most important skills a teacher can have, but it is not always easy to respond to student behaviour with empathy. However, when you demonstrate to students that you understand and respect their feelings, you build mutual trust and friendly relationship. According to new research, teaching children in a way that encourages them to empathize with others improves their creativity and may lead to a variety of other beneficial learning outcomes. The findings are the result of a year-long University of Cambridge study with year 9 Design and Technology (D &T) students (ages 13 to 14) from two inner London schools. Pupils at one school spent the year following curriculum-required lessons, while students at the other school used a set of engineering design thinking tools to improve students’ ability to think creatively and empathically while solving real-world problems. Both sets of pupils were assessed for creativity at both the start and end of the school year using the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking: a well-established psychometric test (心理测试). The results showed a statistically significant increase in creativity among pupils at the intervention school, where the thinking tools were used. At the start of the year, the Creativity scores of pupils in the control school, which followed the standard curriculum, were 11% higher than those at the intervention school. By the end, however, the situation had completely changed: Creativity scores among the intervention group were 78% higher than the control group. Nicholl, Senior Lecturer in Design and Technology Education, who trains teachers studying on the University’s D & T PGCE course, said, “Teaching for empathy has been difficult despite being part of the D &. T National Curriculum for over two decades. This evidence suggests that it is a missing link in the creative process, and vital if we want education to encourage the designers and engineers of tomorrow.” Nicholl added, “When I taught Design and Technology, I didn’t see children as potential engineers who would one day contribute to the economy; they were people who needed to be ready to go into the world at 18. Teaching children to empathize is about building a society where we appreciate each other’s thoughts. Surely that is something we want education to do.” 28.What will a teacher with empathy do? A．Share knowledge with students. B．Understand students’ emotions. C．Improve important teaching skills. D．Respond to students’ behaviour. 29.Why were thinking tools used by the pupils of the other school? A．To spread the ideas related to empathy. B．To learn the curriculum-required lessons. C．To promote problem-solving abilities. D．To inspire creativity with mutual trust. 30.What did the results of the test suggest? A．The standard curriculum didn’t encourage creativity. B．The intervention school was more popular among students. C．The control group lacked the ability to empathize with others. D．The empathetic class contributed significantly to creativity. 31.What did Nichol l think of the study? A．Unarguable. B．Influential. C．Distinctive. D．Inaccurate. （十三） （23-24高二下·浙江省丽水市丽水发展共同体·期中） Glass marble playing, dating psychology, Harry Potter and genetics, life and death ... Chinese universities have started setting up innovative new courses. In these classes, students are able to learn knowledge through vivid examples and group work, making learning fun. For example, at Tianjin University, the most popular elective course is dating psychology, which is in high demand all the time. Jin Yangbo, 18, enrolled in the course this school year. “This course is very scientific,” said Jin. “It doesn’t straight away start with techniques on how to date, but instead guide s us to learn more about ourselves, our family and our attachment styles.” What made Jin impressive was the group discussion on the differences between how men and women think. “I hadn’t realized that there were that many differences between men and women in emotional expression,” Jin said. Wang Xiaoling, the professor of the course, applied to make dating psychology an elective course in 2019. “I do psychological counseling on campus and have noticed a rising need among students to have professional relationship guidance,” said Wang. “I think theoretical knowledge and practice are both essential in relationships,” Wang said. “Many university students haven’t developed a healthy view toward relationships. When they encounter problems, many of them don’t have a good system for handling consequences.” In the course, Wang has covered topics like “why some people tend to please others in relationships”, “how to handle conflicts” and “how to get over a person after breaking up”. “I also asked them to do group presentations and papers on these topics, so that they can explore themselves in an active way.” In the future, Wang and the university want to start a video channel on social media so they can help more young people all over China. “We will design the course based on current situations so that the knowledge is more up-to-date,” Wang said. 28.Which of the following best describes the elective courses? A．Easy and fun. B．Creative and hands-on. C．Serious and complicated. D．Scientific and interesting. 29.What impressed Jin most about the course? A．Techniques on how to date. B．Its emphasis on self-awareness. C．The lesson on attachment. D．A discussion on gender differences. 30.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Wang’s views on relationships. B．The origin of the dating psychology course. C．The purpose of the dating psychology course. D．Problems with how students deal with relationships. 31.What does Wang plan to do? A．Make the course more accessible. B．Do counseling on social media. C．Include difficult topics in the course. D．Adapt content for different age groups. （十四） （23-24高二下·浙江省浙南名校·期中） In the summer of 2021, the Pacific Northwest experienced a severe heatwave that caused widespread panic and destruction. Temperatures reached record levels, including 114℉ in Portland. A heatwave, born over the Pacific, drifted inland and grew in intensity, creating a heat dome. Ice was the first victim, and as snowpacks melted, glaciers released fast flowing muddy water that flooded towns. Salmon, sensing the water temperature change, began migrating early. But then they struggled to breathe as the rivers warmed. Vegetation was next—unable to escape the heat, it struggled to hold water. Bighorn sheep moved to higher ground, doves panted like dogs, baby eagles jumped to their deaths in an attempt to fly to escape overheating with their siblings. In 72 hours, the official number of human deaths was 1,000—but the actual number is likely higher, especially among the elderly, poor, and medically vulnerable. The town of Lytton, British Columbia was burned down when temperatures there hit 121℉. Over a billion sea creatures met their deaths over the three days. Such a heatwave in the Pacific Northwest had been thought to be as likely as snow in the Sahara. But then it happened. Right now, scientists can’t predict where or when such heat will appear next, but they do know that occurrences such as this are a direct result of human activities. As fossil-fuel burning increases levels of heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide, the planet warms. Heat is the prime mover of climate chaos, melting ice, . drying soil, , and even reviving ancient bacteria from thawed permafrost (永冻土解冻). Humans might be able to engineer their way out of anything—cities like Los Angeles and Paris are already working to deflect (使偏斜) sunlight and have more shade trees. But there are limits to adaptation for Earth’s population of nearly 8 billion. Parts of the Middle East and South Asia are already too hot for humans in summer. 28.How is the impact of the heatwave presented in Paragraph 2? A．By telling a story. B．By listing examples. C．By giving a definition. D．By making comparisons. 29.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Protected. B．Disturbed. C．Healthy. D．Weak. 30.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．People considered the heatwave in the Pacific Northwest as common. B．Such heat will certainly appear again as a result of human activities. C．Los Angeles and Paris have already helped themselves out of heatwaves. D．The earth’s adaptability to heatwaves has limits with such a large population. 31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Temperatures Reaching Record High B．Human Activities Causing a Heatwave C．A Heatwave Hitting the Pacific Northwest D．Panic and Destruction Caused by a Heatwave （十五） （23-24高二下·浙江省浙里特色联盟·期中） It is well established that eating vegetables is good for us. Why, then, do some people like them but others don’t? A new study has found that other people’s likes and dislikes could play a part. According to the research, people who eat vegetables and show an obvious distaste for them can influence others. A team of scientists in the UK set out to investigate how the facial expressions people make as they eat affect a person watching them. They asked more than 200 young women to watch videos of other adults eating raw broccoli. The people in the videos had different expressions while eating. They would smile, seem neutral (neither happy nor sad), or look disgusted by what they were tasting. The study found that participants who watched someone else react with disgust while eating broccoli began to like broccoli less. The opposite was not true, however. When someone had a positive facial expression while eating broccoli, people watching them did not end up liking broccoli more. Humans learn which behaviors, including eating, will benefit them by watching the reactions of others. Known as social modeling, this tendency can have a strong influence on people’s eating habits. Scientists believe that people might avoid food that appears disgusting because it could help protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could even be dangerous. Although the research focused only on adults, experts think the results could also apply to children. This means that if children see their parents or siblings not enjoying certain foods, including vegetables, they might not want to eat them either. A previous study found that children between the ages of 4 and 6 were more likely to eat broccoli if they had seen video clips of adults enjoying it. The team said further research is needed to understand more about how the behavior of adults influences children’s enjoyment of food. This could help experts find ways to encourage young people to eat more of the foods that are healthy for them. 28.What was the purpose of the UK scientists’ study? A．Assess young women’s eating habits. B．Examine the effect of raw broccoli on people. C．Investigate facial expressions during eating. D．Study the impact of diners’ expressions on viewers. 29.What does social modeling in paragraph 4 refer to in the text? A．Correcting others’ behaviors. B．Socializing one’s behaviors by learning from others. C．Developing others’ eating habits. D．Learning beneficial behaviors from observing others. 30.According to the text, what is the likely reason that children refuse to eat vegetables? A．Impact of friends. B．Influence of family members. C．Personal taste preferences. D．Unpleasant taste of vegetables. 31.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Developing Good Habits: The Importance of Modeling. B．Impacting Food Preferences: The Power of Eating Habits. C．Influencing Food Choices: The Power of Facial Reactions. D．Encouraging Vegetable Consumption: The Importance of Healthy Eating. （十六） （23-24高二下·浙江省杭州地区（含周边）重点中学·期中） The standard public health threats are all-too familiar: smoking, high blood pressure, cancer. But a new government advisory made headlines in 2023 by adding an unexpected major to that list. Loneliness, stated the report from Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, is a widely under recognized U.S. health crisis. In recent years, about 50 percent of Americans have experienced loneliness, which results in adverse effects. Lonely people, as Murthy’s report warns, run the same mortality (死亡) risk as people who smoke 15 cigarettes a day. On its face, Murthy’s warning sounds awfully alarmist. It’s hard to understand how a lack of companionship could be as threatening as an addiction or global pandemic. But humans are so biologically wired to be social that isolation damages our systems. People who lack social support have a 29 percent higher risk of heart disease, a 32 percent higher risk of stroke, and a 26 to 29 percent higher risk of premature death, according to the report. What’s more, such health effects in isolated older adults have led to about $6.7 billion in Medicare spending each year. Scientists now know that loneliness can cause lots of health problems. That may be because our ancestors thrived (繁荣) in supportive communities. “Our brains function more efficiently when we are with others.” Says Julianne Holt Lunstad, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Brigham Young University. Since loneliness can feel so much like personal failure, it’s easy to assume people should just try to handle it on their own. But in reality, many of the factors that promote social isolation are structural ones. “It could be workplace policies that don’t allow flexibility to support personal relationships.” Holt Lunstad says. “It might be busy or unsafe streets that are barriers to getting to know your neighbors.” 28.What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Slight. B．Negative. C．Indirect. D．Immediate. 29.Which is true about loneliness according to passage? A．Loneliness is a great health threat to people. B．Loneliness does more harm than a pandemic. C．Lonely people run the same risk as the smokers. D．Loneliness is a well-recognized health problem. 30.What can be inferred from Holt Lunstad’s words? A．Social isolation can be solved on one’s own. B．Social anxiety holds back personal interactions. C．The absence of social support worsens loneliness. D．Tight working schedules lead to tense relationships. 31.What might be written in the following paragraph? A．The causes of loneliness. B．The effects of loneliness. C．The definition of loneliness. D．The solutions to the loneliness. （十七） （23-24高二下·浙江省9 +1高中联盟·期中） On December 16,2023, the first section of Maya Train officially opened, which runs between Campeche and Cancun, carrying up to 231 passengers across 290 miles and stopping at 14 train stations. Built as an ambitious effort to promote tourism and boost Mexico’s economy, the rail system connects the major cities and tourist regions of the Yucatan Peninsula -from Cancun’s beaches to Tulum’s archaeological wonders. Once the project is completed, the entire rail system will link tourist destinations across five states. However, environmentalists and archaeologists argue that the train route will cause great damage to the environment and ancient Mayan sites. The Maya Train passes through six UNESCO World Heritage sites and thousands of archaeological sites. One particular area of concern is the Calakmul reserve, which is home to many endangered species, such as jaguars and over 500 other animal species. The train lines, more than 60 meters wide, could act as artificial barriers that may make it difficult for these animals to move around and access food and water sources. Opponents also express safety concerns. Certain sections of the rail system will be built right on top of the aquifer’s (地下水层的) weakest points of contact with the surface. “It’s like wanting to build over eggshells.” says Guillermo Christy, a water treatment consultant. “Putting trains weighing thousands of tons on top could cause the underground caves to crash down.” To construct the train infrastructure (基础设施) also requires driving long piles deep into the ground, which poses a big threat to this weak ecosystem and leads to water shortages. In the ongoing debate of Maya Train, it is crucial to consider the delicate balance between economic development and environmental preservation. While Maya Train may provide economic benefits, we must not ignore the potential environmental and cultural losses, as well as the safety risks it may bring. Achieving harmony between progress and conservation may be a significant challenge for the project, but we must take into account the long-term consequences of our actions. 28.What is the purpose of the Maya Train project? A．To help protect the environment. B．To promote Mexico’s economy. C．To connect tourist regions across states. D．To give easy access to Mayan sites. 29.What’s the train lines’ effect on the Calakmul reserve? A．The movement of species may be limited. B．Animals may have communication barriers. C．The living habitats of species may be reduced. D．The reserve may have food and water shortages. 30.Why does the author mention “eggshells” in paragraph 4? A．To prove the urgency of protecting the ecosystem. B．To illustrate the difficulty of constructing the rail lines. C．To explain the reasons for water shortages along the railway. D．To stress the potential harm of Maya Train to aquifer system. 31.What’s the author’s attitude towards Maya Train? A．Cautious. B．Opposed. C．Favorable. D．Indifferent. （十八） （23-24高二下·浙江省台金七校·期中） When margarine (人造黄油) was first sold in the 1800s, plentiful alarmist words were uttered about it. However, it was simply a cream of vegetable oil and water, a processed, more sustainable and healthier alternative to an animal product. Anxiety about new foods and how they are produced continues today. Public discussions are full of concerns that “ultra-processed foods” or “UPFs” are downright unhealthy. One particular category in a fierce spotlight is plant-based meats. But how and where food is made doesn’t determine how safe or nutritious it is. The term UPFs was first used in 2009 by Carlos Monteiro, a nutritionist. In a 2017 paper, he said he was worried that the shared experience of cooking was being increasingly lost and people weren’t eating together. In particular, he was seeing rising rates of diabetes and obesity. Keen to identify the root cause of these issues, he focused on food not made at home, but in factories. But the thing is, as Monteiro has stated openly, the UPF categorisation was never designed to group foods on the basis of nutrition. Just like pork sausages and chicken popcorn, plant-based alternatives are made in factories, so are considered UPFs. But unlike those animal products, they don’t require antibiotics (抗生素) or hormones during production, require up to 96 percent less land, have carbon emissions up to 98 percent lower, need up to 99 percent less water and result in 100 percent fewer animals dying. And side by side, they are almost always healthier than the over-processed animal meat products they replace, especially on fat and fibre content. Just compare the labels on the packets next time you are in the supermarket. Many loud voices are raising concerns, suggesting that all UPFs, especially plant-based meats, are “unnatural”, “fake” and “full of chemicals”. We are seeing history repeat itself, and a fear of new foods being aroused all over again. But the science is unmistakably clear: diets rich in plant-based options are better for both people and the planet, factory or no factory. 28.Why does the author mention margarine in paragraph 1? A．To stress the sales dilemma margarine faced before. B．To illustrate people’s misunderstanding about margarine. C．To show the ignored benefits of margarine to people’s health. D．To emphasize people’s longstanding worry about novel foods. 29.Why did Monteiro create the UPF categorisation? A．To classify the food made at home. B．To encourage people to cook and eat together. C．To discover the cause of some rising health problems. D．To determine the nutrition level of factory-produced food. 30.What do the numbers in paragraph 3 imply? A．Plant-based meats are more ecofriendly. B．Plant-based meats shouldn’t be considered as UPFs. C．Plant-based meats will replace UPF animal meat products. D．Plant-based meats are healthier than sausages and popcorn. 31.What does the author think of the concern over plant-based meats? A．Unnecessary. B．Temporary. C．Reasonable. D．Alarming. （十九） （23-24高二下·浙江省七彩阳光·期中） When micro plastics end up in fields, they can damage plant growth. But two young researchers now report combining fungi (真菌) with certain farm wastes can partly address that problem. May Shin aged 20 had desired to explore how micro plastics might affect the ecosystem. Jiwon Choi aged 18 was crazy about plants and fungi. They met in a research design class at the Fryeburg Academy, a high school in Maine and teamed up to find out the impact of long-lived plastics on farm crops. Scientists have shown certain fungi can aid root growth and a plant’s nutrient uptake. Those organisms are named arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Farm wastes known as mushroom substrate (基质) can provide nutrients to plants and help stabilize their roots. May and Jiwon planted over 2,000 scallion (大葱) seeds in pots of soil. Half the seeds got soil polluted with micro plastics. The rest grew in plastic-free soil. The plants then were further divided into four groups. The two young added AMF to the soil in one group. Another group had a top layer of mushroom substrate. A third group got both treatments. The last group got none. For three weeks, the pair tracked how many scallions sprouted (发芽) in each group and measured the plants’ height once each week. About twice as many scallions sprouted in clean soil in comparison to that containing plastic bits. But among plants surviving in the polluted soil, a combination of AMF and mushroom substrate helped them out. Those getting both treatments grew 5.4 centimeters per week. That was faster than either of the treatments alone or those getting none. They then looked at the roots with a microscope. Where AMF had been added, it grew into those roots. That increased the scallion roots’ surface area, thus promoting their uptake of nutrients. “I see this project as a possible sustainable solution for plant growth in polluted soils,” said May. 28.What’s the goal of May and Jiwon’s cooperation? A．To explore the effect of micro plastics on ecosystem. B．To find out the bond between fungi and crops. C．To see how micro plastics influence crops. D．To test whether crops can grow in polluted soil. 29.Why is the process of the test described in detail in Para.4? A．To arouse readers’ interest in the process of the test. B．To help readers better understand the process of the test. C．To measure the growth of scallion seeds more accurately. D．To make the result of the test more convincing. 30.What can be concluded from the findings of the two young’s test? A．Plants grow better in polluted soil with AMF and farm wastes than in clean soil. B．Plants grow better in clean soil than in soil containing micro plastics. C．AFM enables seeds to sprout most in polluted soil than in clean soil. D．Farm wastes help seeds sprout most in clean soil than in polluted soil. 31.How can AMF help plant growth? A．By providing more nutrients to plants. B．By exposing the plants’ roots to a larger area. C．By increasing the deep area of plants’ roots. D．By stabilizing the roots of the plants. （二十） （23-24高二下·浙江省衢温5+1联盟·期中） Are you an “I person” or an “E person”? These two personality labels in particular are widely discussed online. They are part of a popular personality test called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI. There are 16 personalities in all, of which “I” and “E” refer to “introverted” and “extroverted”, respectively. Even if someone is typically quiet, many online discussions suggest that an “I person” can still act outgoing at times. For example, when an introverted person is with a group of introverted friends, they might become more social like an “E” person. According to psychologists, this idea of temporarily switching personalities is called “masking”. That is hiding your true personality in specific situations. “Human beings want to feel they belong, and they might become people-pleasers to do so,” wrote the MasterClass website. Thinking on this, I may actually be the kind of person that these people are discussing. Most times, I just wish to make the atmosphere more interesting and exciting and show people that I’m easy to get along with. But deep down, I mostly enjoy being alone and quiet. Using the MBTI result to identify and describe someone’s personality seems fun. However, I went too far at one time. My sister was excitedly making a day-to-day travel plan when I remembered from an article that a “P person” doesn’t like to make or stick to plans, so I said to her, “You don’t seem like a ‘P person’”. “Why?” she asked back. “Since when do I need to follow what my personality test tells me to do?” It was then that I realized that I’d taken the result too seriously. The MBTI personality test may show something you don’t know about yourself and can even be a fun ice-breaker question when meeting new friends. And that’s all it is—for fun. Knowing someone’s MBTI result doesn’t mean you really know this person. 28.An “I person” tends to ________. A．reflect on problems alone B．enjoy gatherings with friends C．be active in social situations D．try to chat with complete strangers 29.Why does an “I person” act like an “E person” sometimes? A．Because he/she wants to be like others. B．Because he/she needs a sense of belonging. C．Because he/she dislikes to embarrass others. D．Because he/she is actually an “E person” deep inside. 30.What does the writer mean by saying “I went too far” in paragraph 5? A．She pushed her sister too much. B．She failed to help her sister follow her plan. C．She believed blindly the result of the personality test. D．She discouraged her sister to make a detailed travel plan. 31.What does the writer think about the MBTI? A．It is supposed to be strictly followed. B．It tells you everything about your personality. C．It’s an interesting way to start a chat with a stranger. D．It’s a reliable approach to telling what type of people a person belongs to. （二十一） （23-24高二下·浙江省台州十校·期中） Just by typing a few keywords and waiting a few seconds, a picture comparable to that painted by a human artist appears on screen. AI art generators have seemingly swept the Chinese Internet. In some paintings created by AI, an elderly man can be shown as a young animated image, and pets can be turned into adorable cartoon girls or boys. Huang Ge, an illustrator from Shanghai, said that it usually takes him several hours or days to complete one illustration. But with AI art generators, the efficiency is greatly improved. “Also, the generators have many modification (修改) modes, and the picture can be modified directly in the painting software,” he added. Ding Jiao, a comic artist, considers the popularity of AI art generator s reasonable as many people who are not good at drawing can create great works through them. So is Al painting gradually replacing human painting? In the hot topic “Using a picture to prove that human artists will never be replaced by Al” online, many netizens uploaded their paintings to prove that humans are better than AI. “Though Al technology has developed rapidly, AI cannot fully replace humans. The warmth and inspiration in human creations are irreplaceable,” said Ding Daoshi, an independent analyst. Another controversial issue is that there is no consensus (共识) of who owns the copyright of AI art. Some users have openly sold their AI paintings and earned money, but it is still a gray area about whether these artworks belong to users, the digital tool developers or even AI. Ding Daoshi noted that the various sides should get together to debate the issue and come up with some accepted rules as soon as possible because AI is already penetrating deeply into the lives of human beings. 28.Why does the author mention “an elderly man” and “pets” in Paragraph 2? A．To show the popularity of AI art generators. B．To illustrate the disadvantage of AI art generators. C．To prove the significance of AI art generators. D．To present the powerful function of AI art generators. 29.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The efficiency of AI art generators. B．The benefits of AI art generators. C．The popularity of AI art generators. D．The functions of AI art generators. 30.What is a controversial issue about AI painting besides its copyright? A．Whether human artworks will be replaced by AI artworks. B．Who AI artworks will really belong to. C．Whether human artists are better than AI art generators. D．How AI painting can play a supportive role. 31.What does the underlined part “a gray area” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．A done deal. B．A give-and-take attitude. C．An ill-defined situation. D．A hard-to-get game. （二十二） （23-24高二下·浙江省A9协作体·期中） It is now possible to generate fake but realistic content with little more than the click of a mouse. This can be fun: a TikTok account on which an artificial Tom Cruise wearing a purple robe sings Tiny Dancer of Paris Hilton holding a toy dog has attracted 5.1 million followers. However, this technology also causes challenges. Cheaters can copy loved ones’ voices with just ten seconds, and AI-generated celebrities advertise questionable products online. Fake videos of politicians are also spreading rapidly. The fundamental problem is an old one. From the printing press to the internet, new technologies have often made it easier to spread untruths or pretend to be the trustworthy. While humans have traditionally relied on shortcuts to detect fakes, such as spelling mistakes or strangely rendered (渲染的) hands in AI-generated images, these signs are becoming less reliable as AI continues to improve. The arms race between generating and detecting fakes currently favors the former, and it seems that eventually, AI models will be able to produce perfect fakes. This rapid advancement in AI technology raises serious concerns. For example, it could lead to a world where any photograph of a person can be used for blackmail (敲诈). Additionally, anyone could create a video of a political leader announcing a nuclear first strike, causing widespread panic. Despite these awful possibilities, societies will adapt to the rise of fake content. People will learn to distrust images, audio, or video as proof of events, similar to how they view drawings. Instead, the focus will shift to identifying the source of content, with reliable sources becoming increasingly important. It may sound strange, but this was true for most of history. While AI technology presents significant challenges, it is not the end of the marketplace of ideas. Over time, the fakes that rise will mostly be the funny ones. 28.What is the main concern over the ability of AI to generate realistic fake content? A．It makes people pretend to be someone else. B．It enables cheaters to promote fake products online. C．It causes arms race between generating and detecting fakes. D．It makes it difficult to distinguish the real content from the fake. 29.What are people advised to focus on when ensuring the reliability of content? A．Its source. B．Its visual quality. C．Its popularity. D．Its emotional impact. 30.What does the author convey in the last paragraph? A．Funny fakes will be the only one that rise in the future. B．The rise of fakes content will not destroy the exchange of ideas. C．People will find it necessary to distinguish AI-made content from reality. D．People will no longer trust any form of media owing to the flood of fakes. 31.What is the best title for the text? A．Fun and Fear of Videos: AI is Changing Our World B．AI-Generated Fakes: A Challenge to Truth and Trust C．From Laughs to Lies: The Impact of AI-Created Videos D．Dawn for Digital Art: Welcoming the Era of AI-Made Content （二十三） （23-24高二下·浙江省衢温5 1联盟·期中） When opening certain mobile apps, users often find disruptive (有干扰性的) open-app advertisements that impact their experience. Open-app advertisements are advertisements that appear in between contents or during transition screens, such as when an app is loading the next page. Some of these advertisements can redirect users to another app if the phone is shaken, causing a lot of frustration for consumers. These open-app advertisements function as gateways and become more common during online shopping festivals, redirecting users to shopping platforms such as Taobao and JD．Most smartphones have a gyroscope sensor (陀螺仪传感器) to detect shaking, leading to unintentional redirection. Many users not only find it annoying to find themselves on an advertisements page, but also have trouble disabling the gyroscope feature since sometimes their phones lack the choice to do so to avoid this issue. In response, authorities have introduced detailed regulations on shaking advertisements gateways. A regulation published in December 2022 outlines specific rules for the design of “shake-to-open” advertisements. It says that these advertisements can only be “clicked through” if the phone’s rotation angle exceeds 35 degrees, with an action time longer than three seconds. Additionally, in February, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology emphasized that pop-up or open-app advertisements should not disrupt users’ experiences. A regulation introduced in May states that advertisements must include a clear button for users to close them. Government enforcement of these regulations presents challenges, as the number of apps and developers is great. However, this should not be an excuse for internet platforms to break the rules, as this behavior causes far more harm than good. A survey by the Jiangsu Consumer Council showed that over 90 percent of users strongly dislike open-app advertisements, feeling that their rights are being threatened. While these advertisements might lead to more clicks, the fact is that the advertisements may harm the credibility of the platforms that the advertisements lead to and weaken the users’ willingness to use the platforms. Platforms can achieve a mutually beneficial (互惠互利) solution only if they respect users’ choices and provide suitable advertisements that users are willing to accept. 28.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about concerning open-app ads? A．The benefits of open-app ads for online shopping platforms. B．The lack of regulations governing traditional advertising methods. C．The effectiveness of open-app ads in increasing users’ engagement. D．The negative impact of disruptive open-app ads on users’ experience. 29.What was regulated in December 2022 about “shake-to-open” ads? A．They can be clicked through without any restrictions. B．They can only be clicked through on certain conditions. C．They should have a clear button for users to close them. D．They should appear for only three seconds on the screen. 30.How can platforms reach a win-win solution as mentioned in the last paragraph? A．By ignoring users’ choices. B．By respecting users’ preferences. C．By presenting more irrelevant ads. D．By flooding users with more profitable ads. 31.What is the best title of the passage? A．The Preferences of Shopping Platforms. B．The Challenges of Online Shopping Festivals. C．The Role of Advertisements in Improving Users’ Experience. D．The Battle against Disruptive Advertisements on Mobile Apps. （二十四） （23-24高二下·浙江省五校联盟·期中） When continent splits occur, they usually leave traces in ancient rocks, fossils, and mountain ranges. However, around 155 million years ago, when a 5,000-kilometer land broke away from Western Australia and began its drift, it only left behind a basin deep below the ocean known as the Argo Abyssal Plain and scientists have been unable to find where this lost continent, Argoland, disappeared to until now. The seabed structure suggests that the continent drifted northwestward, potentially towards present-day Southeast Asia. But surprisingly, there is no large continent hidden beneath those islands, only small continental fragments. Using this theory, geologists discovered that Argoland hadn’t really disappeared but survived as a “very extended and fragmented collection” under the islands to the east of Indonesia. Unlike other continents like Africa and South America, which broke neatly into two pieces, Argoland split into many smaller fragments that were dispersed (分散的). With advanced technology and the discovery, scientists can now piece them together. Tracing the continents is vital for understanding processes like the evolution of biodiversity. It could help explain something known as the mysterious Wallace Line, which is an imaginary boundary that separates mammals, birds, and even early human species in Southeast Asian islands. The boundary has puzzled scientists for long because it clearly separates the island’s wildlife. To the west of the line are mammals like apes and elephants. But these are almost completely absent to the east, where you can find marsupials and cockatoos — animals typically associated with Australia. Researchers have theorized that this may be because Argoland carried its own wildlife away from Australia before it crashed into Southeast Asia, which helps explain why different species are found on one land. The story of Argoland is not one of complete disappearance but of transformation. As the world continues to evolve, this lost continent serves as a powerful symbol of the fragility (脆弱性) of life on this planet, and a reminder of the importance of respecting and protecting the world that we live in. 28.What is Argoland? A．It is a basin deep below the ocean in Western Australia. B．It is a large continent hidden beneath the islands of Southeast Asia. C．It is a new land emerging from under the islands to the east of Indonesia. D．It is a fragmented continent drifting from Western Australia to Southeast Asia. 29.Why is Wallace Line mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To introduce an imaginary boundary. B．To support the assumed theory of the lost continent. C．To show different species in Southeast Asian islands. D．To explain the reason why scientists are puzzled about the boundary. 30.All of the following are the significance of this new discovery EXCEPT that ________. A．it warns us to protect our planet. B．it shows the creatures on earth are fragile. C．it reminds us of the power of human activities. D．it explains the biodiversity in Southeast Asian islands. 31.What is the main idea of this passage? A．The mystery of a lost continent has been unfolded. B．The fragments of Indonesia have been pieced together. C．The formation of the Argo Abyssal Plain has been discovered. D．The evolution of species in Southeast Asian islands has been traced. （二十五） （23-24高二下·浙江省三锋联盟·期中） The age-old chore of dusting could soon be a thing of the past. Scientists are developing “self-cleaning” surfaces that make dust particles unable to stick to them. Researchers from the University of Texas at Austin say the particles instead stick to each other and simply roll off the surfaces with nothing more than the assistance of gravity. The scientists altered the geometry (几何构造) of flat surfaces at a level invisible to human eyes. The team made a tightly-packed nanoscale (纳米级) network of pyramid-shaped structures on the surfaces which made it difficult for dust particles to stick to the material. Instead, the particles stick to each other before rolling off the material due to gravity. The study, funded by a grant (拨款) from NASA’s Small Business Innovation Research program, tested the material by piling lunar dust on their engineered surfaces before turning them on their sides. The team found that just two percent of the surface remained dusty, compared with more than 35 percent of an unaltered smooth surface. The new surface could provide a passive solution to removing dust, as opposed to more active methods like using wipers and fluid to clear dust from a car windscreen. “What we’ve demonstrated here is a surface that can clean itself,” says lead study author Chih-Hao Chang. “Particulates aren’t able to stick to the surface, so they come off using just the force of gravity.” Study authors hope the material provides a solution to space dust, which can be extremely harmful in such a high-risk environment and is almost impossible to clean out. Space dust has previously caused great damage to NASA’s human spaceflight Apollo missions and has even caused rovers on Mars to malfunction and fail. “There’s not much you can do about lunar dust in space—it sticks to everything and there’s no real way to wipe it off,” says Samuel Lee, a lead author of the study. “Dust on solar panels of Mars rovers can cause them to fail.” However, the researchers also believe the discovery could prove useful on Earth, preventing solar panels from collecting dust and losing efficiency. These surfaces may even protect our screens and windows from irritating dust. 28.How did the scientists alter the flat surfaces? A．By putting thin paint on them. B．By creating a special network on them. C．By making particles stick to each other. D．By making them invisible to human eyes. 29.What can we learn about the surfaces after the test? A．Over 35% of the surfaces were dusty. B．Just two percent of the surfaces remained dusty. C．The surfaces still needed to be cleaned with wipers and fluid. D．The surfaces attracted more dust particles than common ones. 30.Why does the author mention NASA’s human spaceflight Apollo missions and rovers on Mars? A．To show the material can be very helpful. B．To prove irritating dust exists everywhere. C．To show the importance of space exploration. D．To explain why NASA supported the research. 31.What is the main idea of the text? A．Dust threatened missions in space. B．Scientists developed self-cleaning surfaces. C．Self-cleaning surfaces proved useful on Earth. D．Scientists developed a material for rovers on Mars. （二十六） （23-24高二下·浙江省S9联盟·期中） In a policy address to lawmakers, Japan’s Prime Minister, Fumio Kishida, said the country’s population problem was a case of solving the issue “now or never”, and that it “simply cannot wait any longer because it can affect social functions”. “In thinking of the sustainability and inclusiveness (包容) of our nation’s economy and society, we place child care support as our most important policy,” he said, adding that he wants the government to double its spending on child-related programs, and that a new government agency would be set up in April to focus on the issue. Japan has one of the lowest birth rates in the world, and it recorded fewer than 800, 000 births in 2022 for the first time since records began in 1899. The country also has one of the highest aging of population in the world; in 2020, nearly one in 1, 500 people in Japan were age 100 or older, according to government data. These trends have driven a growing population problem, with a rapidly aging society, a shrinking workforce and not enough young people to fill the gaps in the stagnating (停滞) economy. The country’s high cost of living, limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children, meaning fewer couples are having kids. Experts point to the pessimism young people in Japan hold towards the future, many frustrated with work pressure and economic stagnation. How about other parts of East Asia? South Korea recently broke its own record for the world’s lowest birth rate, with data from November 2023 showing a South Korean woman will have an average of 0.79 children in her lifetime-far below the 2.1 needed to maintain a stable population. Japan’s birth rate stands at 1.3, while the United States is at 1.6. Meanwhile, China’s population shrank in 2022 for the first time, adding pressure to its economic growth. 28.With the falling birth rate, what’s the attitude of the Japanese government? A．Surprised. B．Anxious. C．Embarrassed. D．Indifferent. 29.Which of the following has led the low birth rate in Japan EXCEPT? A．The limited space. B．The trend of aging population. C．The lack of child care support. D．The work pressure and economic stagnation. 30.What are the statistics in the last paragraph used to show? A．Serious population crisis. B．Ignorance of the birth rate. C．Weak care services for children. D．Potential harm to children’s health. 31.The passage is probably taken from ________. A．a tour guide. B．a science fiction. C．a job advertisement. D．a official government website. D （一） （23-24高二下·浙江省卓越联盟·期中） Growers are finding new ways to extend the British asparagus (芦笋) season and meet demand for this tasty and healthy crop. Asparagus is believed to have been enjoyed as long ago as the ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman empires. It promotes healthy bacteria in the large intestine (肠) and can help reduce bloating (胀气). A source of vitamins K and C, it also has numerous benefits to the immune system generally. Fans of asparagus will be delighted to know that nowadays there’s more opportunity than ever to get hold of homegrow n product. One of the country’s leading asparagus growers and pioneers of extending the British season is the Chinn family. The family grows Wye Valley-branded asparagus and sells into supermarkets, local restaurants, wholesale markets and processors. The company has been growing asparagus since 2004 and has developed a reputation for innovation, using modern production and packing techniques to lock in the freshness immediately after harvesting. The traditional British asparagus season runs from 23 April to 21 June, but Chris Chinn says by using new varieties and polytunnels to protect the crop, his farm has massively extended that from February to late June. Called “the Usain Bolt of vegetables”, British asparagus can actually grow up to 10cm in a single day. It thrives in free-draining sandy soils, and, as Chris puts it, “does not like wet feet”. That has made the past few months a big challenge for growers with the amount of rain that’s fallen so far this year. In spite of that, this season, the Chinns pushed the envelope once again, harvesting the first commercial volumes for sale in a local Food store in early February — the earliest it’s ever been available. “This especially early crop is the product of innovative methods, and environmental sustainability is a key concern with us using only the sun’s heat, and on-farm compost,” says Chris. “We are absolutely delighted to be first to market with British asparagus once again.” Chris says that with all asparagus spears picked and packed by hand, getting enough seasonal labour onto the farm is a constant headache for growers. There is hope, though, that technology will ultimately be able to help. 32.According to the passage, what can we know about the British asparagus? A．It is a forgiving plant in low-lying areas. B．It grows fast and can’t tolerate light shade. C．It is good for immunity and physical well-being. D．It grows in winter and likes growing in wet fields. 33.What does the underlined phrase “pushed the envelope” most likely mean? A．Boosted the volume. B．Unfolded the letter. C．Reduced the pollution. D．Stretched the boundaries. 34.What might be talked about in the paragraph that follows? A．How to extend the asparagus season. B．The reason for seasonal labor shortage. C．Some technology to solve the labor shortage. D．The constant headache for asparagus growers. 35.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．New Ways to Harvest the Asparagus B．Asparagus, the Usain Bolt of Vegetables C．Innovations to Extend the Asparagus Season D．The Chinns, the Innovator of Growing Asparagus （二） （23-24高二下·浙江省温州市温州十校·期中） Artificial intelligence(AI) models have long surpassed just creating text responses and images. Now, with only one sentence, Open AI’s latest text-to-video model, Sora, can turn your words into video with good visual quality while faithfully following your content instructions. Sora is said to be superior to many other existing models with similar functions. The AI model can create videos at suitable aspect ratios (屏幕高宽比) for different devices. It also lets users quickly test out content in lower quality before making the high-quality version, which helps speed up output according to the user’s requests. Aside from this, its ability to present videos in a realistic and smooth manner is astonishing. Sora can create detailed scenes with several characters, specific types of motion, and accurate subject and background details. Beyond the user’s requests, it also understands how these elements exist in the real world. For example, reflections in the water change as a woman walks by. Sora’s amazing performance wouldn’t be possible without its helpful assistant, ChatGPT, which transforms simple sentences into detailed descriptions, improving the accuracy of output. However, the current model isn’t perfect. It may have trouble accurately showing how things move in a complicated scene and might not get how one action leads to another. For example, if someone eats part of a cookie in a Sora-made video, the cookie might not look like it’s been bitten into. The model might mix up directions and find it hard to describe events in the right order. One possible reason is that Sora learns each basic unit of a video, known as a spacetime patch (时空补丁), independently. Sora is still in the testing stage of development. OpenAI is now inviting network security professionals to make random attacks on Sora’s system, aiming to test the model’s possible weaknesses and risks. Sora has also been open to some visual artists, designers and filmmakers. Their feedback will assist OpenAI in enhancing the model to better serve creative professionals. 32.What is the main focus of paragraph 2 and 3? A．Sora’s development. B．Sora’s diversity. C．Sora’s capabilities. D．Sora’s popularity. 33.Why does the author provide the example in paragraph 5? A．To highlight Sora’s potential safety risks. B．To illustrate Sora’s existing limitations. C．To showcase Sora’s perfect performance. D．To explain the concept of a spacetime patch. 34.What can we know about Sora up to now? A．It has been made available to various industries. B．Its commercial release has been called off. C．It has exposed alarming security issues. D．It is undergoing testing and improvement. 35.What’s the best title for the text? A．Sora: Lead the way in creating videos B．Sora: Surpass existing ChatGPT C．Sora:Generate a rich variety of videos D．Sora:A perfect text-to-video AI model （三） （23-24高二下·浙江省钱塘联盟·期中） Extreme land use combined with warming temperatures is pushing insect ecosystems toward collapse in some parts of the world, scientists reported Wednesday. The study, published in the journal Nature, identified for the first time a clear and alarming link between the climate crisis and high-intensity agriculture and showed that, in places where those impacts are particularly high, insect abundance has already dropped by nearly 50%, while the number of species has been reduced by 27%. These findings cause huge concerns, according to Charlotte Outhwaite, the lead author on the study and researcher at the University College London, given the important role of insects in local ecosystems, pollination (授粉) and food production, and note that losing insects could threaten human health and food security. “Three quarters of our crops depend on insect pollinators,” Dave Goulson, a professor of biology at the University of Sussex in the UK, previously told CNN. “Without insects, crops will begin to fail. We won’t have things like strawberries. We can’t feed 8 billion people.” Scientists say, extreme land use has a link with the climate crisis. Clearing natural habitats for agriculture can dramatically change the area’s local climate and cause temperature extremes. Researchers found evident declines in insect populations in warmer areas, particularly in the tropics. They concluded that in areas with less agriculture, less climate warming, and a nearby natural habitat, insects only declined by 7%, compared to the 63% decrease in areas with less natural habitat cover. Outhwaite told CNN there are things we can do to help prevent this crisis, like planting more native species and wildflowers, and reducing chemicals used in gardens. “It’s also probably a good idea to think about where the foods that we are buying are being sourced from,” Outwaite said. “So if they’re being sourced from tropical countries, there’s probably going to be a high impact on biodiversity there.” 32.Why does the author quote Dave Goulson’s words in the paragraph 4? A．To emphasize the importance of insects to human life. B．To provide evidence for the decline in insect populations. C．To suggest potential solutions to prevent the decline of insects. D．To show the importance of preserving natural habitats for insects. 33.Which of the following may contribute to the largest decline in insect population? A．Making full use of land in colder areas. B．Preserving habitats cover in colder areas. C．Planting more native species in warmer areas. D．Expanding agriculture production in tropics. 34.What does Outhwaite’s words mainly focus on in the last paragraph? A．The efforts that have been made to protect insects. B．The suggestions on how to protect the diversity of insects. C．The reasons why we should preserve the diversity of insects. D．The advice on what kind of products to buy to avoid insect crisis. 35.What can be the best title for the text? A．Agriculture Harms Ecosystems B．Reasons for Endangered Insect Ecosystems C．Insect Ecosystems Need Help D．Efforts Made to Save Insect Ecosystems （四） （23-24高二下·浙江省浙东北（ZDB）联盟·期中） Being bored is no fun, especially at work. But new research out of the Research School of Management at Australian National University argues that while boredom is certainly boring, it isn’t all bad. The disliked mental state can actually spark precious creativity. The study asked 52 subjects to do a pretty boring job: sort apart a bowl of red and green beans with just one hand for 30 minutes. Meanwhile, 49 other subjects — the control group — were instructed to create art projects with paper, beans and glue. Once the 30 minutes was over, each group was instructed to spend five minutes on a creative task: they had to come up with reasons why a hypothetical (假定的) person was two hours late for a meeting. The bored group came up with not just more ideas than the control group, but more creative ideas than the control group, too. The quality and quantity of production was higher for people who were bored than those who were not. Creativity itself was measured under a standard that balanced novelty and practicality. Ideas had to fit both criteria to be considered creative. Guiyun Park, the study’s lead author, readily admits that not every type of job permits the fun of boredom, and it can really be harmful to some important work. But for designers and anyone in a creative field, boredom is not something to fear, but to embrace. Sometimes, the best way to be productive is to expect nothing of yourself at all. 32.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The process of the research. B．The benefits of the research. C．The reasons for the research. D．The disadvantage of the research. 33.Which of the following may Guiyun Park disagree with? A．Boredom can do harm to some work. B．All types of jobs can embrace boredom. C．Boredom is not always something to fear. D．Boredom can be favourable to art designers. 34.What is the author’s attitude to boredom? A．Concerned. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Indifferent. 35.Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? A．The Role of Boredom in Increasing Productivity B．The Negative Impact of Boredom on the Workplace C．Why Boredom Should Be Avoided in Creative Fields D．Unlocking Creativity: The Unexpected Benefit of Boredom 浙东北（ZDB）联盟 （五） （23-24高二下·浙江省强基联盟·期中） When we are desperately searching for our glasses, wallet or keys, we might wish to have a photo-graphic memory, but the truth is we are designed to forget. In fact, the majority of what we experience in a given day is likely to be forgotten in less than 24 hours. And that is a good thing. Think of all the passing encounters with people you will never see again and the times you spend waiting in a queue at the supermarket. If our brains hoarded (贮藏) every moment of every experience, we would never be able to find the information we need among an ever-increasing pile of information. So, if memory is not supposed to be a comprehensive collection of the past, what is the point of remembering at all?To answer this question, it helps to think about what it means to remember in the first place. For more than 25 years, I have studied how we are able to recall past events, an ability known as “episodic memory”. It is described as the uniquely human capability for “mental time travel, roaming at will over what has happened as readily as over what might happen, independently of the physical laws that govern the universe”. I first read this description of mental time travel when I was a graduate student, and I was deeply sceptical. Now, with the wisdom of age, I understand what it meant. When you recall a rich episodic memory, there is a noticeable feeling of being transported back to a point in your past, a specific time and place. For instance, the smell of freshly baked pastries might remind you of having breakfast with your grandmother. Findings from my lab and others have shown that, at the moment of remembering, the brain appears to return a bit to the state that it was in at the time, enabling us to relive these past experiences. This is why, if you have misplaced your keys, it can be helpful to put yourself, mentally into the context where you last saw them. Getting in touch with the sights, sounds and thoughts from an earlier time period can be an effective way of accessing those memories. 32.Why does the author think forgetfulness is a good thing? A．We are born to forget the past events. B．It helps to find the needed information. C．All the encounters are not that pleasant. D．Our brains fail to hoard important moments. 33.What do we know about “episodic memory”? A．It partly depends on the physical laws. B．It explains our ability to remember the past. C．It becomes obvious with the wisdom of age. D．It focuses on purposeful mental time travel. 34.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning freshly baked pastries? A．To express love for grandmother. B．To share a feeling of time travel. C．To illustrate a vivid episodic memory. D．To forget precious past experiences. 35.What can we do to find the misplaced keys? A．Recall the situation where we saw them. B．Search the labs where we do experiments. C．Think in our mind what they looked like. D．Write our real thoughts related to them. （六） （23-24高二下·浙江省金兰教育合作组织·期中） A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it is of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the most patient and cheerful companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness, amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them. The best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products, for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them and grieve with them. The great and good do not die, even in this world. Embalmed in books, people’s spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens. 32.According to the author, what is the difference between our books and our friends? A．Books remain patient and cheerful for a longer time. B．Books provide comfort in old age, unlike our friends. C．Friends can sometimes disappoint us, similar to our books. D．Books reflect a person’s character more than their friends do. 33.Why are temples and statues mentioned in Para 4? A．To prove the value of time. B．To highlight the longevity of books. C．To show people’s preference for literature. D．To emphasize the importance of ancient architecture. 34.What does the author advise readers to do? A．Become a wise man by reading. B．Read as many classic books as we can. C．Cherish the company of our books just like our friends. D．Sympathize with your friends through your favorite author. 35.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Companionship of Books B．Long Live Books C．Our Best friends D．Love Me, Love My Book （七） （23-24高二下·浙江省浙里特色联盟·期中） Europe’s series record-breaking hot and dry summers have broken an easy link to climate change. Climate models show Europe warms faster than the rest of the planet and the Arctic melting eventually causes massive ocean currents (洋流) and regional hot air circulation patterns. Arctic melting is adding roughly 6000 cubic kilometers of water or more to the ocean per decade. As that fresh-water pours into the North Atlantic Ocean, it sits on top of heavier ocean salt-water and stops mixing. With less heat being stirred in from below, the surface water gets colder than usual during the fall and winter months, says Marilena Oltmanns, a climate scientist at the U.K. National Oceanography Centre. This phenomenon may explain the so-called “cold blob”, an area of sea in the North Atlantic that NASA nodeling suggests is one of the few spots on Earth getting colder. To explore how the fresh water from Arctic ice might be affecting weather, Oltmanns and her colleagues developed a way to combine data from satellites, and weather stations. They found when the freshwater-caused cold blobs were more intense, the boundary was sharper, bringing more powerful westerly (向西的) winds. As a result, the stronger westerlies move a warm ocean flow from roughly 45°N to 60°N. That shift can continue into the next summer. And like a barrier, this warm current, curls up and around the British Isles, allowing a mass of hot, dry air to camp out over Europe. “The study convincingly puts meat on the bones of an expectation I and others have had for a while — that the cold blob south of Greenland would influence North Atlantic weather patterns, as well as those downstream over Europe,” says Jennifer Francis, a climate scientist at Woodwell Climate Research Center. 32.What does the underlined word “cold blob” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Climate models. B．Ocean current. C．Cold water zone. D．Air circulation patterns. 33.What does paragraph 3 focus on? A．Introduce the form of cold blob. B．Present a phenomenon of climate changes in Europe. C．Survey some data for the study. D．Analyze the reason of hot and dry summer in Europe. 34.What is Jennifer’s attitude toward the study? A．Approving. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 35.What can we infer from the passage? A．Human activities change climate models. B．Arctic melting contributes to European heat waves. C．Climate changes have little impact on ocean currents. D．Global warming results in the rise of the temperature. （八） （23-24高二下·浙江省丽水市丽水发展共同体·期中） Scanning an item at checkout is something we take for granted in this age of convenience. We can thank barcodes for that. It’s been 50 years since the beginning of this game-changing technology. On March 31, 1971, a historic meeting took place in New York City and included executives from some of the top US companies at that time. The meeting agreed to create a system to uniquely identify every single product, calling it the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN), the core of barcodes, according to El Mundo, a Spanish newspaper. What information does a barcode contain? Where the product comes from, where it has been, its price, expiration (过期时间)... you name it. The first two numbers indicate where that product has been identified (the place), then there is the number that corresponds to the manufacturing company and the rest of the numbers uniquely identify each unit that the manufacturer makes. Barcodes don’t only identify the category of goods but also manage the number of goods. For example, if there are 10 cartons of milk and a customer takes one, it will be registered when it is scanned at the cash counter, so the store owner knows there are nine cartons left and manages stock accurately. “Its creation allowed the first digitization in the control of the stock,” José María Bonmatí, general director of AECOC, a Spanish commercial association, told El Mundo. “The unique identification of products at a global level was the key that opened the door to retail as we know it today.” In the past five decades, barcodes have provided many conveniences for commerce. The next generation of barcodes, such as QR codes, can hold vastly more information. “Their use, for example, can tell consumers if a product contains allergens (过敏原), if it is organic and information on its carbon footprint. Ultimately, this provides consumers with a greater level of trust and loyalty relating to the products they buy,” according to GS 1, the organization that develops and maintains the global barcodes standard. 32.What does the article tell us about barcodes? A．They were first introduced five decades ago. B．They were developed by a Spanish executive. C．The GTIN was the first version of a barcode. D．They are used by some of the top companies worldwide. 33.What information can people get by scanning barcodes? A．A product’s carbon footprint. B．A product’s marketing company. C．The allergens contained in a product. D．The remaining amount of a certain product in stock. 34.What is the benefit of barcodes according to José María Bonmatí? A．They help improve the quality of goods. B．They furthered the development of retail. C．They offer consumers a wider choice of products. D．They save companies from having to stock products. 35.What is the main purpose of the article? A．To inform readers of a new type of barcode. B．To compare barcodes and QR codes. C．To introduce how barcodes were put into use. D．To describe the development and importance of barcodes. （九） （23-24高二下·浙江省浙南名校·期中） If you find yourself embracing the thrilling chaos of completing tasks at the last minute, congratulations — You are not alone! According to a survey, 20% of U.S. adults procrastinate (拖延) at home, at work, in relationships, and more. Another survey found that 88% of people procrastinate at least one hour a day. Sounds alarming? As it turns out, if you’re feeling stressed, you may be more likely to procrastinate. Essentially, our brains are structured to approach tasks we find enjoyable and avoid those we are afraid of. Our limbic brain (边缘大脑), the emotional part of our brain, is screaming, “Let’s do anything but that stressful thing!” while our prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层) is the CEO of our brain, setting the goals, making a plan, and ensuring we stay on track. CEO vs. Drama Queen Brain — who will win? Actually, there do exist chances when our limbic brain overrides that prefrontal cortex message. Then there’s the burst of energy we often get when we’r$$ 专题03 阅读理解说明文&议论文（浙江专用） 说明文 C （一） （23-24高二下·浙江省温州新力量联盟·期中） Sam Krug is the second generation at Preferred Popcorn, a Nebraska (n.内布拉斯加州) factory that produces Americans favorite movie snack. Here fresh batches of popcorn are made every 15 minutes and immediately tested and tasted for quality. The whole process begins with growing the right kind of corn, not surprisingly cold popcorn. The big difference between corn and popcorn is that popcorn has lots of starch (n.淀粉) inside of it. The shell is hard and so the starch, when you heat it up, mixes with the moisture in the kernel (n.玉米粒) and it boils inside of this. And it gets so hot and the shell is so hard on the outside that it gets hotter and hotter and more excited and more excited and eventually it just blows out. Nebraska has perfect conditions for growing popcorn, including the right climate and plenty of water for irrigation. And you don’t have to look far to find local farmers to work with. They usually take it to the factory where the kernels are sorted by weight, color and size. Factory staffs pop a sample of each batch to test it out. They always pop at 480 degrees and use exactly the same amount of oil when they are going to pop. During the course, factory standard coconut (n.椰子) oil is used. The factory sells kernels for different kinds of popcorn, depending on how the buyer plans to prepare it. It seems that the Americans eat more popcorn than any other nation in the world. And the US Popcorn Board says that in 2018 they consumed more than 14 billion liters of the snack. 28.What do we know about Preferred Popcorn? A．It is the second generation popcorn factory. B．It produces fresh batches of popcorn every 15 minutes C．It tests and tastes the quality of popcorns. D．It produces popcorns for the Nebraska movie factory. 29.Why does the popcorn blow out when heated? A．Because it has lots of starch inside of it. B．Because the starch and moisture boils inside the hard shell. C．Because the shell is hard. D．Because it is cold popcorn. 30.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The factory has already known the consumers’ plan. B．The factory makes preparations for the buyers. C．The factory sells kernels for different kinds of popcorns according to the workers’ needs. D．The factory takes different consumers’ demand into consideration. 31.What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Production of the popcorns. B．Reasons for Nebraska to grow popcorns C．Procedures for growing the popcorn D．Conditions for making popcorns. 【答案】28.B 29.B 30.D 31.A 【解析】 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在美国内布拉斯加州，诺姆·克鲁格(Norm Krug)及其创立的Preferred Popcorn 公司，为电影院和家庭消费者生产提供优质爆米花的一些情况介绍。 28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Here fresh batches of popcorn are made every 15 minutes and immediately tested and tasted for quality．(在这里每 15 分钟就生产出新鲜的爆米花，并立即进行测试和品尝，以确保质量。)”可知，Preferred Popcorn 每 15 分钟生产出新鲜的爆米花。故选B项。 29.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The big difference between corn and popcorn is that popcorn has lots of starch (n.淀粉) inside of it．The shell is hard and so the starch, when you heat it up, mixes with the moisture in the kernel (n.玉米粒) and it boils inside of this．(玉米和爆米花的最大区别在于爆米花内部含有大量淀粉。外壳很硬，所以当你加热淀粉时，它会与玉米粒中的水分混合，然后在里面沸腾。)”可知，爆米花加热时会爆开是因为淀粉和水分在坚硬的外壳内沸腾。故选B项。 30.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“The factory sells kernels for different kinds of popcorn, depending on how the buyer plans to prepare it．(工厂根据买家的计划准备方式销售不同种类爆米花的玉米粒。)”可推知，工厂会考虑不同消费者的需求。故选D项。 31.主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了内布拉斯加州的一家爆米花工厂 Preferred Popcorn；第二段介绍了爆米花的制作过程；第三段介绍了内布拉斯加州种植爆米花的优势；第四段介绍了工厂对爆米花质量的把控；最后一段介绍了工厂销售不同种类爆米花的玉米粒。由此可知，文章主要介绍了爆米花的生产。故选A项。 （二） （23-24高二下·浙江省卓越联盟·期中） The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Grain Buds (小满), the 8th solar term of a year, begins on May 21 this year, and ends on June 5. It means that the seeds from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe. Let’s see what we can do during the “Grain Buds” period. Eating herb of common sow thistle Grain Buds is a season for eating the herb of the common sow thistle, which is one of the earliest edible potherbs in China. It tastes a little bitter, but also sweet. People in Ningxia Hui autonomous region like to eat it mixed with salt, vinegar, peppers or garlic. It tastes delicious and helps people feel refreshed. Some people boil the herb with water and then squeeze out the juice, which can be used to make soup. Key period for flower management This time is a good period of the quick growth of flowers. It is also a season when plant diseases and pests are at an all-time high, which makes caring for your garden even more critical. Flowers need a lot of water and extra care to stay healthy. Weeding should be done as they grow quickly and have to be extirpated in order to keep the soil loose and from competing with the flowers for nutrients. Celebrating silkworm deity birthday Silkworm rearing is a traditional byproduct for people in regions south of the Yangtze River. People in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces regard this season as the birthday of the silkworm deity. Those who engage in the silk industry thank the deity by offering sacrifices and staging performances. They pray to the deity for blessings and a boom season for the silk business. 21.Which of the following is true about Grain Buds? A．It is seen as the birthday of the flower deity. B．It is an essential period to tend to the garden. C．It means that the seeds from the grain are mature. D．It begins on May 21 this year, and ends on July 5. 22.People in the silk industry tend to ______ during the Grain Buds. A．offer sacrifices to ancestors B．pray for a close season C．learn to count their blessings D．give shows to thank the deity 23.In which column of a newspaper can we read the article? A．Entertainment. B．Economics. C．Politics. D．Culture. 【答案】21.B 22.D 23.D 【解析】 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了二十四节气中的小满时节值得我们注意的一些传统和建议。 21.细节理解题。根据第三段“This time is a good period of the quick growth of flowers. It is also a season when plant diseases and pests are at an all-time high, which makes caring for your garden even more critical.(此时正是鲜花快速生长的好时期，也是植物病虫害高发的季节，因此花园的护理就显得更加重要。)”可知，小满是照料花园的重要时期。故选B。 22.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Those who engage in the silk industry thank the deity by offering sacrifices and staging performances. (从事丝绸业的人们则以祭祀、表演等方式感谢神灵。)”可知，在小满时期，丝绸行业的人们往往会举办表演来感谢神灵。故选D。 23.推理判断题。根据第一段“The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms．Grain Buds(小满), the 8th solar term of a year, begins on May 21 this year, and ends on June 5．It means that the seeds from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe．Let’s see what we can do during the “Grain Buds” period.(中国传统阳历将一年分为二十四个节气。小满是一年中的第八个节气，今年从5月21日开始，到6月5日结束。这意味着谷粒正在饱满但尚未成熟。让我们看看在“小满”期间我们可以做些什么。)”可知，文章介绍了二十四节气中的小满时节，本文可以在报纸的文化栏目看到。故选D。 （三） （23-24高二下·浙江省温州新力量联盟·期中） There is growing evidence to show that our past knowledge about Mars was not always the case. Now European researchers say they have discovered the first evidence of a huge groundwater system that once existed below the planet’s surface. A new study was carried out by Francesco Salese and his team, who studied images of 24 deep craters (n.弹坑) in the northern half of the Red Planet. These pictures were captured by ESA’s Mars Express orbiter (n.宇宙飞船), which was launched in 2003. The study provides the first geological proof that Mars once had a “planet-wide groundwater system.” According to Salese, scientific evidence already suggests Mars was once a watery world. His team says the images showed that large amounts of successive groundwater activity connected the areas they studied. Evidence of basins and coastlines was also found on the surface of Mars, supporting the idea that water was once present. He added that all the basins seemed to reach about the same height. Scientists have yet to find out what happened to all that water. And the complex history of water on Mars has linked to whether or not life ever existed on it. During the latest study, researchers also discovered evidence of minerals within some of the identified (adj.被识别的) bodies of water. The researchers say the findings adds weight to the idea that the water basins on Mars may have once held the materials required to support life. Some of this material could still be buried on Mars, providing possible evidence of life during future exploration. Francesco Salese believes the latest findings could also help us learn new things about our own planet. 28.What can we infer about our past knowledge of Mars? A．It had no water. B．It had no groundwater. C．It had a great groundwater system. D．It had water on the surface of the planet. 29.Where can you find the evidence that Mars once had a “planet-wide groundwater system”? A．In paragraph 3. B．In paragraph 2. C．In paragraph 1. D．In paragraph 4. 30.Which of the following best explains “successive” underlined in paragraph 3? A．complicated B．brilliant C．continuous D．incredible 31.What is the main idea of the text? A．Evidence of water on Mars enables us learn new things about the earth B．Our past knowledge about Mars was incorrect. C．Evidence of life could be revealed by the discovery of water on Mars. D．The ever existence of groundwater system on Mars was discovered. 【答案】28.A 29.A 30.C 31.D 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。多年来，火星一直被视为一个干燥、没有生命的星球，但是越来越多的证据表明情况并非一直如此。科学家弗朗西斯科·萨莱斯（Francesco Salese）和他的团队对其进行了研究。 28.推理判断题。根据第一段中“There is growing evidence to show that our past knowledge about Mars was not always the case.(越来越多的证据表明，我们过去对火星的认识并不总是正确的)”和第二段“The study provides the first geological proof that Mars once had a “planet-wide groundwater system.” (这项研究提供了第一个地质学证据，证明火星曾经有一个“行星范围的地下水系统”。)”推知，我们过去对火星的认知是它上面没有水，而事实是那里曾经存在大范围的地下水系统。故选A项。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段“His team says the images showed that large amounts of successive groundwater activity connected the areas they studied．Evidence of basins and coastlines was also found on the surface of Mars, supporting the idea that water was once present.(他的团队表示，这些图像显示，大量连续的地下水活动将他们研究的地区联系在一起。在火星表面也发现了盆地和海岸线的证据，支持了水曾经存在的观点。)”可知，从第三段可以找到火星曾经有过“行星地下水系统”的证据。故选A项。 30.词句猜测题。根据上文“According to Salese, scientific evidence already suggests Mars was once a watery world.(根据萨莱斯的说法，科学证据已经表明火星曾经是一个有水的世界。)”和下文“connected the areas they studied.(将他们研究的地区联系在一起)”可知，他们的研究发现过去火星上是有水的。由此推测，只有大量连续的地下水活动才能将研究的区域联系在一起。由此可知，successive意为“连续的”。故选C项。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“There is growing evidence to show that our past knowledge about Mars was not always the case．Now European researchers say they have discovered the first evidence of a huge groundwater system that once existed below the planet’s surface.”(越来越多的证据表明，我们过去对火星的了解并不总是如此。现在，欧洲研究人员表示，他们发现了火星表面下曾经存在巨大地下水系统的第一个证据)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家发现了火星上曾经存在的地下水系统。故选D项。 （四） （23-24高二下·浙江省卓越联盟·期中） You’ll boost your brainpower if you brave the unknown, says our memory expert, Jonathan Hancock. There’s a lot to cope with when you go off to university, and the academic work is just the start. There are new friends to meet, new opportunities to choose between, new responsibilities to accept... and, for most students, a completely new city to explore. We recently drove our daughter Evie 150 miles to start life as a fresher. It was a struggle to find the car park, let alone navigate the maze of corridors that led to her room. Before we left that evening, we’d taken her to the local supermarket, and we knew that she had flatmates and phone apps to get her orientated. But the scale of the challenge ahead was clear — to find her way in an unfamiliar world. The good news for Evie — and learners everywhere is that exploring new habitats is hugely beneficial to memory. In a recent study, volunteers walked around a simulated forest environment. Then some of them took the same walk again, while others explored a different forest. And that second group performed significantly better in memory tests straight after. According to the researchers, that was because navigating the new environment stimulated their dopamine (多巴胺) systems-setting up their brains for learning. So leaving home to study for a degree makes perfect sense. What’s more, young minds seem to gain most from being in strange surroundings. But we may all be able to gain some of the benefits, even if it’s just by stimulating our senses and challenging our thinking skills. Here are three things to try: (1) Go somewhere new to tackle an upcoming learning task—like memorizing a speech in the library or revising for an exam on a park bench — and take an unfamiliar route to get there. (2) Play video games that get you moving through new landscapes. Then see whether it improves your success with other learning tasks, like practising a dance or mastering phrases for a foreign trip. (3) Get lost in your imagination! To warm yourself up for learning, picture a city you know well, but imagine you’re stranded in a part of it that you’ve never visited. Then try to fancy exactly how you’ll get out. 28.What happened when they sent their daughter to her school according to Paragraph 3? A．They found a park for all their efforts. B．They were new to the surroundings. C．They got lost in the maze of corridors. D．They had no phone apps to rely on. 29.According to the passage, which is not a good way to boost your brain power? A．Taking an unfamiliar route to go home. B．Playing some video games that help you explore new surroundings. C．Getting addicted to playing video games before revising for the exam. D．Imagining yourself getting out of a new city before memorizing a speech. 30.Why did the second group in the study perform better in memory tests? A．Because their dopamine systems were activated. B．Because they entered the same environment twice. C．Because they had flatmates and phone apps to help them. D．Because they walked around a simulated forest environment. 31.What is the main idea of the article? A．The need for finding parking spaces in unfamiliar cities. B．The impact of exploring a new environment on our minds. C．The benefits of playing video games for improving learning tasks. D．The significance of picturing familiar cities for memory enhancement. 【答案】28.B 29.C 30.A 31.B 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了探索未知环境能显著提升脑力，新环境刺激多巴胺系统有助学习，建议通过不同路径学习、玩探索类游戏、想象脱困新城市等方式锻炼大脑。 28.细节理解题。根据第三段的“It was a struggle to find the car park, let alone navigate the maze of corridors that led to her room.(很难找到停车场，更不用说在通往她房间的迷宫般的走廊里穿行了)”可知，他们对周围环境很不熟悉。故选B。 29.细节理解题。根据第五段的“So leaving home to study for a degree makes perfect sense．What’s more, young minds seem to gain most from being in strange surroundings．But we may all be able to gain some of the benefits, even if it’s just by stimulating our senses and challenging our thinking skills.(因此，离开家去攻读学位是完全合理的。更重要的是，年轻人似乎从陌生的环境中获益最多。但我们都可能获得一些好处，即使只是通过刺激我们的感官和挑战我们的思维技能）以及接下来给出的三点建议可知，作者觉得变换学习场景与路线，利用视频游戏探索，想象力冒险都可以提高思维技能。由此可知，在考试复习前沉迷于玩电子游戏并不是一个提升脑力的好方法。故选C。 30.细节理解题。根据第四段的“According to the researchers, that was because navigating the new environment stimulated their dopamine (多巴胺) systems-setting up their brains for learning.(根据研究人员的说法，这是因为在新环境中导航会刺激他们的多巴胺系统，从而建立大脑进行学习)”可知，第二组在记忆测试中表现更好的原因是他们的多巴胺系统被激活了。故选A。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“You’ll boost your brainpower if you brave the unknown, says our memory expert, Jonathan Hancock.(我们的记忆专家乔纳森·汉考克说，如果你勇敢面对未知，你会提高你的脑力)”以及全文可知，文章的主旨围绕探索新环境对我们心智的影响展开，特别是如何通过这种方式提升记忆力和学习能力。所以“探索新环境对我们思维的影响。”是文章的主题。故选B。 （五） （23-24高二下·浙江省浙东北（ZDB）联盟·期中） Last year, an estimated one in seven Americans participated in Dry January, a challenge to avoid alcohol for a month. The idea is to keep away from holiday excess and start the new year on a healthier note. The annual 31-day practice began as a public health campaign in the United Kingdom about eight years ago and has been growing ever since. Dry January is a great strategy for improving your relationship with alcohol, says Keith Heinzerling, MD, an internist (内科医生) and addiction medicine specialist. “Doing a ‘trial quit’ for a short period of time is easier for many people than going straight to total abstinence,” he says. “Taking time away from drinking, even just for a few weeks, gives you a fresh perspective and the opportunity to break bad habits you may have with alcohol.” It doesn’t take long to start to see positive changes, according to Dr. Heinzerling. “Within just a few days of not drinking, your blood pressure and heart rate will be lower, and you’ll have improved blood sugar regulation, better sleep, and less anxiety and depression,” he says. Another bonus: Quitting alcohol often makes other good habits—exercise and healthy eating, for example—easier to start and maintain, which in turn leads to even more health benefits. For those who might not be able to handle a month of not drinking, Dr. Heinzerling says, “People who wake up with withdrawal symptoms, sweating, tremors, and a strong need for a drink should not do Dry January.” For everyone — social drinkers and possible problem drinkers — one key to a positive Dry January is to see it not as a month of gritting your teeth and getting through it until you can drink again, but rather the start of a healthier lifestyle overall. What better way to start the new year? 28.What can we learn from the passage about Dry January? A．Participants are advised to cut out alcohol for a month in January. B．It is a campaign in which participants can learn more about alcohol. C．It is a challenge which aims to introduce the harm of drinking alcohol. D．Participants are advised to take holidays and keep healthy in January. 29.What does the underlined phrase “total abstinence” in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Short-time trial quit. B．Absolutely no drinking. C．Total alcohol addiction. D．Long-time relationship. 30.Which of the following statements is NOT the benefit of Dry January? A．It has some positive effects on your blood pressure and heart rate. B．It can help reduce some mental pressure and improve sleeping quality. C．It will definitely help you get rid of the bad habit with alcohol addiction. D．You are likely to form other good habits in sports and diets after Dry January. 31.Which of the following opinion about Dry January will be mostly accepted by the author? A．“For a brand-new start and healthier life, keep it up.” B．“Let me get drunk with friends after the month!” C．“Dry January will be followed by a Drunk February.” D．“It is a small piece of cake to stop drinking for a month.” 【答案】28.A 29.B 30.C 31.A 【解析】 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Dry January(一月戒酒)活动的背景、意义和益处。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Last year, an estimated one in seven Americans participated in Dry January, a challenge to avoid alcohol for a month．The idea is to keep away from holiday excess and start the new year on a healthier note．(去年，估计有七分之一的美国人参加了“一月戒酒”活动，这是一项为期一个月不喝酒的挑战。这样做的目的是为了避免假日过度消费，以更健康的方式开始新的一年)”可知，“一月戒酒”活动的参与者被建议在一月份戒酒一个月。故选A项。 29.词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Doing a ‘trial quit’ for a short period of time is easier for many people than going straight to total abstinence (对许多人来说，短时间的“试戒”比直接total abstinence要容易得多)”中“easier for many people than”可知，句中将trial quit(试戒)和total abstinence进行比较，前者对人们来说更容易。结合常识和选项可推知，total abstinence指“完全戒断”，即absolutely no drinking。故选B项。 30.细节理解题。根据第三段中““Within just a few days of not drinking, your blood pressure and heart rate will be lower, and you’ll have improved blood sugar regulation, better sleep, and less anxiety and depression,” he says．Another bonus: Quitting alcohol often makes other good habits—exercise and healthy eating, for example—easier to start and maintain, which in turn leads to even more health benefits.(他说：“在不喝酒的几天内，你的血压和心率会降低，你的血糖调节会得到改善，睡眠会更好，焦虑和抑郁也会减少。”另一个好处是：戒酒通常会使其他好习惯——比如运动和健康饮食——更容易养成和保持，这反过来又会带来更多的健康益处)”可知，参加“一月戒酒”活动对血压和心率有一些积极的影响，可以帮助减轻一些精神压力，提高睡眠质量，还有助于在运动和饮食方面养成其他的好习惯，所以ABD是正确的表述；根据第二段中“Taking time away from drinking, even just for a few weeks, gives you a fresh perspective and the opportunity to break bad habits you may have with alcohol.(抽点时间不喝酒，即使只是几周，也能给你一个全新的视角，并有机会改掉酗酒的坏习惯)”可知，参加“一月戒酒”活动只是让你有机会改掉酗酒的坏习惯，故C项“It will definitely help you get rid of the bad habit with alcohol addiction.(它一定会帮助你摆脱酒瘾的坏习惯)”是错误表述，不是“一月戒酒”活动的好处。故选C项。 31.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其结合最后一段中“For everyone — social drinkers and possible problem drinkers — one key to a positive Dry January is to see it not as a month of gritting your teeth and getting through it until you can drink again, but rather the start of a healthier lifestyle overall．What better way to start the new year?(对于每个人来说——社交饮酒者和可能有问题的饮酒者——积极度过“一月戒酒”的一个关键是不要把它看作是一个咬紧牙关熬过去直到你能再喝酒的月份，而是一个整体健康生活方式的开始。还有什么更好的方式来开始新的一年呢?)”可知，作者强调了戒酒对健康的积极影响，建议人们将“一月戒酒”视为整体健康生活方式的开始，而不仅仅是一个月的禁欲，鼓励人们在“一月戒酒”结束后继续养成健康的习惯。所以，作者很可能接受“For a brand-new start and healthier life, keep it up.(为了一个全新的开始和更健康的生活，坚持下去)”这一观点。故选A项。 （六） （23-24高二下·浙江省强基联盟·期中） Trained goldfish demonstrated a remarkable ability to accurately estimate the distance. Spatial navigation (空间导航) in mammals, birds, and reptiles is well understood, but it was unknown whether similar structures existed in fish. This knowledge would allow us to better understand how spatial navigation systems evolved. Researchers from the University of Oxford tested whether goldfish could perform a task central to spatial mapping-distance estimation — to see if they have similar spatial navigation systems to land species. The study, led by Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux, trained nine goldfish to travel 70 cm within a narrow tank covered with a repeating pattern of vertical stripes (竖条纹) every 2 cm. When the fish reached the predetermined distance, they were prompted by an external cue to turn around and swim back to the starting point. The researchers then tested whether the fish would swim the same distance if the external cue was removed and the starting position was changed. They also tested whether goldfish would swim the same distance when the background pattern was changed. According to the researchers, the results indicate that goldfish estimate distances by visually streaming the apparent motion patterns of objects in the environment (called “optic flow”). Many land species are known to use optic flow to estimate distance, but goldfish appear to process the information differently. Land animals, including humans, ants, wolf-spiders, and honey bees, estimate distances by measuring how the angle between their eye and surrounding objects changes as they travel. Goldfish, on the other hand, appear to use the number of contrast changes experienced on the way. “We present strong evidence that goldfish can accurately estimate distance and show that they use optic flow to do so,” says lead author Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux. “These findings support the use of goldfish as a model system for studying the evolution of the mechanisms in vertebrates (脊椎动物).” 28.What does the word “prompted” underlined in the second paragraph refer to? A．Punished. B．Reminded. C．Forgotten. D．Cheated. 29.Why was the external cue was taken away from the tank? A．To make it easy for the goldfish to turn around. B．To demonstrate the goldfish’s swimming ability. C．To research into the goldfish’s sense of distance. D．To help the goldfish reach the learned distance. 30.According to the results, goldfish estimate distances by ________. A．copying land animals B．processing information C．experiencing changes D．applying optic flow 31.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Goldfish Have an Excellent Sense of Distance B．The Use of Optic Flow Among Land Animals C．A Study Is Being Carried Out on Trained Goldfish D．The Evolution of Spatial Navigation in Vertebrates 【答案】28.B 29.C 30.D 31.A 【解析】 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现金鱼具有准确估计距离的能力，揭示了它们可能拥有与陆生动物相似的空间导航系统，为研究脊椎动物空间导航机制的进化提供了模型系统。 28.词句猜测题。根据第二段中“When the fish reached the predetermined distance, they were prompted by an external cue to turn around and swim back to the starting point．The researchers then tested whether the fish would swim the same distance if the external cue was removed and the starting position was changed．They also tested whether goldfish would swim the same distance when the background pattern was changed．(当金鱼到达预定的距离时，它们会由外部信号prompted转身游回起点。然后，研究人员测试了如果去除外部线索并改变起始位置，鱼是否会游同样的距离。他们还测试了当背景模式改变时，金鱼是否会游同样的距离)”可知，金鱼会在外部信号的提醒下，到达预定距离时转身游回起点，推测划线单词意为：提醒，与Reminded 意义相近。故选B项。 29.细节理解题。根据第二段中“The researchers then tested whether the fish would swim the same distance if the external cue was removed and the starting position was changed．They also tested whether goldfish would swim the same distance when the background pattern was changed．(然后，研究人员测试了如果去除外部线索并改变起始位置，鱼是否会游同样的距离。他们还测试了当背景模式改变时，金鱼是否会游同样的距离)”可知，移除外部提示是为了研究金鱼的距离感知能力。故选C项。 30.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We present strong evidence that goldfish can accurately estimate distance and show that they use optic flow to do so, (我们提供了有力的证据，证明金鱼能准确估计距离，并表明它们利用视觉流来做到这一点)”可知，金鱼通过应用视觉流来估计距离。故选D项。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Trained goldfish demonstrated a remarkable ability to accurately estimate the distance.(经过训练的金鱼表现出了非凡的准确估计距离的能力)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现金鱼具有准确估计距离的能力，揭示了它们可能拥有与陆生动物相似的空间导航系统，所以最佳标题为“金鱼具有出色的距离感”。故选A项。 （七） （23-24高二下·浙江省温州市温州环大罗山联盟·期中） Scenes of a comic character swelling up after eating peanuts in Western TV shows have long been puzzling for many Chinese viewers, as few people in China meet those who have a severe peanut allergy (过敏反应). Their confusion can be explained by Chinese researchers in a new study that Chinese adults and children are more likely to be allergic to seafood, and less likely to be allergic to peanuts compared to people in the United States and Europe. “Animal-derived (动物源的) foods were the primary offending foods, especially shrimp, and skin symptoms were the most commonly reported unpleasant reactions,” said the study. The difference means that cultural, dietary, industrialization and biological factors can play an important role in food allergy patterns, it added. Chen Hongbing, a professor from the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology at Nanchang University, who was involved in the study, said, “For instance, in a previous study on self-reported food allergies among children, seafood topped the list, followed by fish, eggs, fruits and milk.” However, some research also puts wheat as one of the most common allergy triggers among the general population, eggs and milk are considered the most common allergens among infants and young babies. Chen said more research is needed to address these discrepancies (差异性) and to determine if various dietary habits across China result in varied food sensitivity. Luo Xiaoqun, a doctor who was not involved in the studies at Fudan University’s Huashan Hospital, said that the increasing rate of food allergies is a phenomenon observed worldwide, driven by changes in lifestyles, eating habits, as well as growing health awareness and diagnostic ability. Reading allergen labeling on food packages is an easy way to protect consumers from potential allergy triggers. However, food allergen labeling in China is not obligated currently and labeling largely follows an international food regulations. “China has made improvements in devising food labeling standards in recent years, hopefully our findings can accelerate the process of making such labeling compulsory in the near future,” Chen said. 28.What’s the purpose of writing paragraph 1? A．To introduce food people are commonly allergic to. B．To make a comparison between different allergies. C．To introduce a study about allergies. D．To describe typical allergy symptoms. 29.Which of the following doesn’t affect food allergy patterns in the new study? A．eating habits. B．cultural factors C．diagnostic ability D．biological factors 30.What does the underlined word “triggers” in paragraph 3 mean? A．results B．patterns C．reactions D．causes 31.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．China has popularized food labeling in recent years. B．The findings have speeded up the process of food labeling. C．Professor Chen expects a promising future of food labeling. D．China makes no progress in making food labeling. 【答案】28.C 29.C 30.D 31.C 【解析】 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于过敏的研究，不同于欧美，中国人更易对海鲜而非花生过敏，显示饮食、文化等多重因素影响过敏模式。专家呼吁加强对食物过敏原的认识及完善标签规定，以应对全球食物过敏率上升趋势。 28.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Scenes of a comic character swelling up after eating peanuts in Western TV shows have long been puzzling for many Chinese viewers, as few people in China meet those who have a severe peanut allergy.(在西方电视剧中，经常出现角色吃下花生后肿胀的场景，这让许多中国观众感到困惑，因为在现实中，中国人很少遇到患有严重花生过敏的人)”及第二段“Their confusion can be explained by Chinese researchers in a new study(中国研究人员在一项新的研究中可以解释他们的困惑)”可知，第一段通过描述中国人对西方电视节目中花生过敏场景的困惑引出了一项关于食物过敏的新研究，故第一段的目的是为了引出一项关于过敏的研究。故选C项。 29.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The difference means that cultural, dietary, industrialization and biological factors can play an important role in food allergy patterns, it added.(这种差异意味着文化、饮食、工业化和生物学因素在食物过敏模式中起着重要作用)”可知，饮食习惯、文化因素、和生物因素都会影响食物过敏模式，而C项“诊断能力”在文中并未提及。故选C项。 30.词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词后“eggs and milk are considered the most common allergens among infants and young babies.(鸡蛋和牛奶则被认为是婴幼儿中最常见的过敏原)”可知，划线词所在句子应表达“一些研究还认为小麦是普通人群中最常见的过敏起因之一”，故划线词与D项“起因”意义相近。故选D项。 31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““China has made improvements in devising food labeling standards in recent years, hopefully our findings can accelerate the process of making such labeling compulsory in the near future,” Chen said.(陈说：“近年来，中国在制定食品标签标准方面取得了进步，希望我们的研究结果能在不久的将来加快强制执行此类标签的进程”)”可知，陈教授期待食品标签的未来有着良好的发展前景。故选C项。 （八） （23-24高二下·浙江省台州市台州六校·期中） Alongside her impressive musical career, Leona Lewis is also the owner of a vegan (素食主义的) coffee shop, Coffee And Plants. She has great enthusiasm for the coffee shop and reveals the drink flavors that they’ve been working on lately. “We’ve just rolled out our new pumpkin drink at the coffee shop. It’s called Pumpkin Pie, and it’s really good! We use all real pumpkin puree, not flavored syrup.” Coffee And Plants is a real passion project for Lewis, being fully plant-based. She has a long history of animal activism (行动主义), starting with going vegetarian (素食者) at the age of 12 after going on shopping trips with her mum and seeing protesters with animal testing signs. “I was so upset, I said, ‘Mum, I have to help the animals’,” she says. “That became my mission as a kid, and it’s fed into every aspect of my life.” Her animal activism grew alongside her fame: in 2011 she supported a campaign to ban the use of wild animals in circuses, and in 2013 she released a cruelty-free makeup line with The Body Shop. When it came to opening a coffee shop, making it plant-based was a no-brainer. “I wanted it to be plant-based because I’m plant-based,” she says. “I would often go into coffee shops and see milk cartons piled up high and think, how many cows are being milked for this? The dairy industry and mass farming—it’s so cruel and harms the environment too.” Environmental awareness is also at the heart of Coffee And Plants, with all cups being recyclable. But ultimately, Lewis is hoping for a more widespread mindset shift. “What we really try and get people to do is actually bring in their own bottles to refill, or we encourage them to sit in and have a coffee in a cup instead,” she explains. “We need a mindset shift where we start to think, OK, we shouldn’t really be using stuff that just goes in the bin.” 28.What does the phrase “rolled out” underlined in the first paragraph mean? A．improved B．discovered C．denied D．launched 29.Why did Lewis decide to be a vegetarian? A．She hated to eat animal meat. B．She wanted to protect animals. C．She was inspired by her mom. D．She was given a great mission. 30.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the release of a cruelty-free makeup line? A．To show Lewis influence on business. B．To compare Lewis’ different activities. C．To prove that the makeup line is plant-based. D．To give an example of Lewis’ animal activism. 31.Which of the following statements may Lewis agree with? A．People have to start using reusable things. B．The mind shift is quite easy to accomplish. C．People shouldn’t use cups in the coffee shop. D．Only vegetarians can go into the coffee shop. 【答案】28.D 29.B 30.D 31.A 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了作为素食者的Lewis为保护动物做了很多贡献，并开了一家素食咖啡店，她希望人们可以自带杯子来盛咖啡，减少垃圾。 28.词句猜测题。划线词句前文“She has great enthusiasm for the coffee shop and reveals the drink flavors that they’ve been working on lately.(她对这家咖啡店有着极大的热情，并透露了他们最近正在开发的饮料口味。)”说明这家咖啡店开发了一种新饮料，从而推知划线词句“We’ve just rolled out our new pumpkin drink at the coffee shop.(我们刚刚在咖啡店rolled out新的南瓜饮料。)”其中划线词应为“推出”的意思，与D项同义。故选D项。 29.细节理解题。根据第二段中“She has a long history of animal activism(行动主义), starting with going vegetarian(素食者) at the age of 12 after going on shopping trips with her mum and seeing protesters with animal testing signs.(她长期致力于动物保护运动，从12岁开始，她和妈妈一起去购物，看到抗议者拿着动物试验的牌子，之后就变成了素食者。)”可知，Lewis决定成为一名素食者是因为她想保护动物。故选B项。 30.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Her animal activism grew alongside her fame: in 2011 she supported a campaign to ban the use of wild animals in circuses, and in 2013 she released a cruelty-free makeup line with The Body Shop.(她的动物保护主义伴随着她的名气而增长：2011年，她支持一项禁止在马戏团使用野生动物的运动，2013年，她与The Body Shop合作推出了一个无残忍的化妆品系列。)”可知，作者提到一个无残忍化妆品系列的发布的目的是，列举一个Lewis的动物保护主义的例子。故选D项。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Environmental awareness is also at the heart of Coffee And Plants, with all cups being recyclable．But ultimately, Lewis is hoping for a more widespread mindset shift．‘What we really try and get people to do is actually bring in their own bottles to refill, or we encourage them to sit in and have a coffee in a cup instead,’ she explains．‘We need a mindset shift where we start to think, OK, we shouldn’t really be using stuff that just goes in the bin.’(环保意识也是咖啡和植物的核心，所有的杯子都是可回收的。但最终，Lewis希望更广泛的心态转变。她解释说:‘我们真正试图让人们做的是，把自己的瓶子带进来重新装满，或者我们鼓励他们坐在里面，用杯子喝咖啡。’‘我们需要转变思维方式，开始思考，好吧，我们不应该真的使用那些直接扔进垃圾箱的东西。’)”可知，Lewis会同意这种说法，人们需要转变思维方式，必须开始使用可重复使用的东西。故选A项。 （九） （23-24高二下·浙江省温州市温州十校·期中） For adults who have struggled with understanding new math homework or surprised at how quickly kids can learn a second language, there is new evidence that shows kids can really learn things much faster than adults. A study published in Current Biology finds that children and adults have different concentrations of a key brain messenger called gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA．This messenger slows down the brain by blocking specific signals in the body’s central nervous system. It also produces a calming effect and is thought to play a major role in controlling the overactivity of nerve cells associated with anxiety, stress and fear. All these contribute to the learning of new things. In the study, the researchers from Brown University used neuro-imaging techniques to examine visual perceptive (视觉感知的) learning in elementary school-aged children and adults. Participants were shown a number of different images and were later asked questions about them following the test. Visual learning caused an increase of GABA in children’s visual cortex, the area of the brain that processes visual information. However, GABA levels didn’t change in the adults who took the same visual tests. In addition, children participants kept that GABA increase for hours after training ended, while the concentrations of GABA remained the same in the adults studied. “In subsequent behavioral experiments, we found that children indeed learn more items within a given period of time than adults.” said Sebastian M. Frank, the co-author of the study. “Our results therefore point to GABA as a key player in making learning more efficient in children.” These results, the authors argue, should encourage teachers and parents to keep giving children opportunities to learn anything from riding a bike to playing an instrument throughout their childhood. The findings may also change neuro-scientists’ conception of brain maturity in children. “Although children’s brains are not yet fully mature and many of their behavioral and cognitive functions are not as efficient as in adults, children are not, in general, surpassed in their learning abilities by adults,” said study co-author Takeo Watanabe. 28.What’s the function of GABA? A．Send specific messages to the brain. B．Deal with complex math problems. C．Make the nervous system more active. D．Increase efficiency in learning new things. 29.What do we know about the children taking the visual test? A．Their GABA concentrations kept increasing after training. B．Their learning abilities still needed to be improved. C．They could remember more images than adults. D．They were surpassed by adults in learning abilities. 30.How did the researchers do the research? A．By comparing participants’ reaction. B．By analyzing statistics. C．By collecting relative evidence. D．By conducting online survey 31.What does Takeo Watanabe want to say in the last paragraph? A．Neuro-scientists don’t fully understand brain maturity in children. B．Children are not mature in their behavior and cognition. C．It takes a long time for children’s brains to be fully mature. D．Children’s brain maturity does not affect their learning abilities. 【答案】28.D 29.A 30.A 31.D 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了对于那些很难理解新的数学作业或对孩子学习第二语言的速度感到惊讶的成年人来说，有新的证据表明，孩子学习东西的速度真的比成年人快得多。解释了研究开展的经过和发现。 28.细节理解题。根据第二段“A study published in Current Biology finds that children and adults have different concentrations of a key brain messenger called gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA．This messenger slows down the brain by blocking specific signals in the body’s central nervous system．It also produces a calming effect and is thought to play a major role in controlling the overactivity of nerve cells associated with anxiety, stress and fear．All these contribute to the learning of new things.(发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项研究发现，儿童和成人大脑中一种名为γ -氨基丁酸（GABA）的关键信使的浓度不同。这种信使通过阻断身体中枢神经系统中的特定信号来减慢大脑的速度。它还具有镇静作用，被认为在控制与焦虑、压力和恐惧相关的神经细胞的过度活动方面发挥着重要作用。所有这些都有助于学习新事物)”可知，GABA的功能是提高学习新事物的效率。故选D。 29.细节理解题。根据第四段“In addition, children participants kept that GABA increase for hours after training ended, while the concentrations of GABA remained the same in the adults studied.(此外，儿童参与者在训练结束后的几个小时内GABA的浓度都在增加，而成人参与者的GABA浓度则保持不变)”可知，参加视力测试的孩子训练后GABA浓度持续升高。故选A。 30.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“In subsequent behavioral experiments, we found that children indeed learn more items within a given period of time than adults.(在随后的行为实验中，我们发现孩子们在一段时间内确实比成年人学到了更多的东西)”可知，研究人员通过比较参与者的反应进行研究。故选A。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings may also change neuro-scientists’ conception of brain maturity in children．“Although children’s brains are not yet fully mature and many of their behavioral and cognitive functions are not as efficient as in adults, children are not, in general, surpassed in their learning abilities by adults,” said study co-author Takeo Watanabe.(这一发现也可能改变神经科学家对儿童大脑成熟度的看法。研究报告的合著者Takeo Watanabe说：“虽然儿童的大脑还没有完全成熟，他们的许多行为和认知功能还没有成年人那么有效，但总的来说，儿童的学习能力并没有被成年人超越。”)”可知，Takeo Watanabe在最后一段想说儿童大脑的成熟度并不影响他们的学习能力。故选D。 （十） （23-24高二下·浙江省台州市浙江山海联盟·期中） In a large survey of people’s first memories, nearly 40% of participants reported a first memory that is likely to be fictional, according to findings published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. Current research indicates that people’s earliest memories date from around 3 to 3. 5 years of age. However, the study from researchers at City, University of London, the University of Bradford, and Nottingham Trent University found that 38.6% of 6, 641 participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger, with 893 people claiming memories from age 1 or younger. This was particularly prevalent among middle-aged and older adults. As many of these memories dated before the age of 2 and younger, the authors suggest that these fictional memories are based on remembered fragments (碎片) of early experience — such as a pram (婴儿车), family relationships and feeling sad — and some facts or knowledge about their own infancy or childhood which may have been derived from photographs or family conversations. “Further details may be unconsciously inferred or added” added Shazia Akhatr, first author on the study and Senior Research Associate at the University of Bradford. “When we looked through the responses from participants we found that a lot of these first ‘memories’ were frequently related to infancy, and a typical example would be a memory based around a pram,” explained Martin Conway, Director at the Centre for Memory and Law at City, University of London and coauthor of the paper. “For this person, this type of memory could have resulted from someone saying something like ‘mother and a large green pram’. The person then imagines what it would have looked like. Over time these fragments then become a memory and often the person will start to add things in such as a string of toys along the top,” he added. “Crucially, the person remembering them doesn’t know this is fictional,” Conway noted. “In fact when people are told that their memories are false they often don’t believe it. This partly due to the fact that the systems that allow us to remember things are very complex, and it’s not until we’re 5 or 6 that we form adult-like memories due to the way that the brain develops and due to our maturing understanding of the world.” 28.What can be inferred from the study mentioned in the passage? A．Some people have clear knowledge about their own infancy. B．Added details are an important clue to recall the childhood. C．Most people claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger. D．Talks between family members affect the earliest memories. 29.How does Martin Conway show his opinion? A．By making comparison. B．By setting examples. C．By analyzing data. D．By referring to documents. 30.According to Martin Conway, why do people stick to false memories? A．They have a strong desire to remember things accurately. B．They have a tendency to trust their own memories without questioning them. C．Their brain development makes it hard to distinguish real and false memories. D．Their memories are closely related to complex things in life. 31.What is the text mainly about? A．Many people’s earliest memories may be fictional. B．People’s earliest memories can date back to 2 or younger. C．The middle-aged and adults specialize in detailing their first memory. D．Memories develop due to our maturing understanding of the world. 【答案】28.D 29.B 30.C 31.A 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了最新发表的研究结果，在一项大型调查中，近40%的受调查者反映的最初记忆可能是虚构的；这些记忆或基于早期经历的记忆片段或与童年相关的一些事实或认识，还可能无意识地添加更多细节。 28.推理判断题。根据第三段中“these fictional memories are based on remembered fragments (碎片) of early experience—such as a pram (婴儿车), family relationships and feeling sad—and some facts or knowledge about their own infancy or childhood which may have been derived from photographs or family conversations(这些虚构的记忆是基于早期经历的记忆片段——比如婴儿车、家庭关系、悲伤感，以及一些关于自己婴儿期或童年的事实或知识，这些可能来自照片或家庭对话)”可以得出，家庭成员之间的对话会影响最早的记忆。故选D。 29.推理判断题。倒数第三段Martin Conway提出他的观点，即人类的记忆是基于早期经历的记忆片段。根据倒数第二段“For this person, this type of memory could have resulted from someone saying something like ‘mother and a large green pram’．The person then imagines what it would have looked like．Over time these fragments then become a memory and often the person will start to add things in such as a string of toys along the top(对这个人来说，这种类型的记忆可能来自于某人说‘妈妈和一个绿色的大婴儿车’之类的话。然后这个人就会想象它的样子。随着时间的推移，这些碎片就会成为记忆，人们通常会开始添加一些东西，比如一串玩具在上面)”可知，Martin Conway是在列举实例来证明自己的观点。故选B。 30.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Crucially, the person remembering them doesn’t know this is fictional,” Conway noted．“In fact when people are told that their memories are false they often don’t believe it．This partly due to the fact that the systems that allow us to remember things are very complex, and it’s not until we’re 5 or 6 that we form adult-like memories due to the way that the brain develops and due to our maturing understanding of the world.”(“至关重要的是，记住它们的人并不知道这是虚构的，”康威指出。事实上，当人们被告知他们的记忆是错误的时，他们通常不相信。这部分是由于允许我们记忆事物的系统非常复杂，直到我们5岁或6岁，我们才形成成人般的记忆，这是由于大脑发育的方式和我们对世界的成熟理解。”)”可推知，根据马丁·康威的说法，人们会坚持错误的记忆是因为他们的大脑发育使得他们很难区分真实和虚假的记忆。故选C。 31.主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“In a large survey of people’s first memories, nearly 40% of participants reported a first memory that is likely to be fictional(在一项关于人们最初记忆的大型调查中，近40%的参与者报告说，他们的最初记忆很可能是虚构的)”可知，本文主要讲述研究表明许多人的最初记忆或为虚构的。故选A。 （十一） （23-24高二下·浙江省金兰教育合作组织·期中） Many people have long believed that bright lights draw, or attract flying insects. But that is not exactly what is going on, a new study suggests. Researchers believe that artificial lights at night may cause problems with flying insects’ natural navigation systems. As a result, the creatures fly in confusion around porch lamps, street lights and other artificial lights. “Insects have a navigational problem,” said Tyson Hedrick of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He added, “They’re accustomed to using light as a cue (提示) to know which way is up.” Insects do not fly directly toward a light source, but actually “tilt their backs toward the light,” said Sam Fabian of Imperial College London. Fabian was a co-writer of the study that appeared recently in Nature Communications. This tilting action would make sense if the strongest light source was in the sky. But in the presence of artificial lights, the result is midair confusion. For the study, researchers attached very small sensors to moths and dragonflies in a laboratory. They then filmed “motion-capture” video of flight — similar to how filmmakers attach sensors to actors to follow their movements. Researchers also used high-resolution cameras to film insects flying around lights at a field in Costa Rica. Such films permitted researchers to study in detail how dragonflies circle endlessly around light sources, positioning themselves with their backs facing the light. Researchers also documented that some insects fly upside down — and often crash land — in the presence of lights that shine straight upward like search lights. Insect flight was least disrupted by bright lights that shine straight downward, the researchers found. “For millions of years, insects oriented themselves by sensing that the sky is light, the ground is dark — until people invented artificial lights”, said Avalon Owens of Harvard University. 28.What can we learn from the study? A．Insects have a navigational problem. B．Artificial lights will make insects confused. C．Not all insects do fly directly toward a light source. D．Small sensors are used to film an insect documentary. 29.Which of the following may Avalon Owens agree with? A．Insects are unlikely to fly upside down. B．Insects can position themselves facing the light. C．Insects failed to orient themselves because of artificial lights. D．Insect flight was interrupted by downward-shining bright lights. 30.What attitude does the author take towards the study? A．Ambiguous. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 31.Where can we most probably read this passage? A．In an advertisement. B．In a science textbook. C．In a nature magazine. D．In a news report. 【答案】28.B 29.C 30.B 31.C 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了昆虫方向感被人造灯影响，介绍了相关研究。 28.细节理解题。根据第二段“As a result, the creatures fly in confusion around porch lamps, street lights and other artificial lights.(结果，这些生物在门廊灯、路灯和其他人造灯周围乱飞)”可知，人造光会使昆虫迷惑。故选B。 29.细节理解题。根据最后一段““For millions of years, insects oriented themselves by sensing that the sky is light, the ground is dark—until people invented artificial lights”, said Avalon Owens of Harvard University.( 哈佛大学的阿瓦隆·欧文斯说：“数百万年来，昆虫通过感知天空是亮的，地面是暗的来定位自己，直到人们发明了人造灯。”)”可知，阿瓦隆·欧文斯可能认同由于人造光，昆虫无法确定自己的方位。故选C。 30.推理判断题。根据第二段“Researchers believe that artificial lights at night may cause problems with flying insects’ natural navigation systems.(研究人员认为，夜间的人造灯光可能会对飞虫的自然导航系统造成问题)”；第三段“Insects do not fly directly toward a light source, but actually “tilt their backs toward the light,” said Sam Fabian of Imperial College London．(伦敦帝国理工学院的山姆·法比安说，昆虫不会直接飞向光源，而是“背对着光源”)”以及最后一段““For millions of years, insects oriented themselves by sensing that the sky is light, the ground is dark—until people invented artificial lights”, said Avalon Owens of Harvard University.( 哈佛大学的阿瓦隆·欧文斯说：“数百万年来，昆虫通过感知天空是亮的，地面是暗的来定位自己，直到人们发明了人造灯。”)”可知，文章主要涉及的研究结果，没有提及作者对此的看法，故作者的态度是客观的，故选B。 31.推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people have long believed that bright lights draw, or attract flying insects．But that is not exactly what is going on, a new study suggests.(许多人一直认为明亮的灯光会吸引飞虫。但一项新的研究表明，事实并非如此)”结合文章主要说明了昆虫方向感被人造灯影响，推文章应该来自自然杂志，故选C。 （十二） （23-24高二下·浙江省培优联盟·期中） Empathy (共情) is one of the most important skills a teacher can have, but it is not always easy to respond to student behaviour with empathy. However, when you demonstrate to students that you understand and respect their feelings, you build mutual trust and friendly relationship. According to new research, teaching children in a way that encourages them to empathize with others improves their creativity and may lead to a variety of other beneficial learning outcomes. The findings are the result of a year-long University of Cambridge study with year 9 Design and Technology (D &T) students (ages 13 to 14) from two inner London schools. Pupils at one school spent the year following curriculum-required lessons, while students at the other school used a set of engineering design thinking tools to improve students’ ability to think creatively and empathically while solving real-world problems. Both sets of pupils were assessed for creativity at both the start and end of the school year using the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking: a well-established psychometric test (心理测试). The results showed a statistically significant increase in creativity among pupils at the intervention school, where the thinking tools were used. At the start of the year, the Creativity scores of pupils in the control school, which followed the standard curriculum, were 11% higher than those at the intervention school. By the end, however, the situation had completely changed: Creativity scores among the intervention group were 78% higher than the control group. Nicholl, Senior Lecturer in Design and Technology Education, who trains teachers studying on the University’s D & T PGCE course, said, “Teaching for empathy has been difficult despite being part of the D &. T National Curriculum for over two decades. This evidence suggests that it is a missing link in the creative process, and vital if we want education to encourage the designers and engineers of tomorrow.” Nicholl added, “When I taught Design and Technology, I didn’t see children as potential engineers who would one day contribute to the economy; they were people who needed to be ready to go into the world at 18. Teaching children to empathize is about building a society where we appreciate each other’s thoughts. Surely that is something we want education to do.” 28.What will a teacher with empathy do? A．Share knowledge with students. B．Understand students’ emotions. C．Improve important teaching skills. D．Respond to students’ behaviour. 29.Why were thinking tools used by the pupils of the other school? A．To spread the ideas related to empathy. B．To learn the curriculum-required lessons. C．To promote problem-solving abilities. D．To inspire creativity with mutual trust. 30.What did the results of the test suggest? A．The standard curriculum didn’t encourage creativity. B．The intervention school was more popular among students. C．The control group lacked the ability to empathize with others. D．The empathetic class contributed significantly to creativity. 31.What did Nichol l think of the study? A．Unarguable. B．Influential. C．Distinctive. D．Inaccurate. 【答案】28.B 29.D 30.D 31.B 【解析】 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，该研究表明以一种鼓励他们同情他人的方式教育孩子，可以提高他们的创造力，并可能带来各种其他有益的学习成果。 28.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Empathy (共情) is one of the most important skills a teacher can have, but it is not always easy to respond to student behaviour with empathy．However, when you demonstrate to students that you understand and respect their feelings, you build mutual trust and friendly relationship.(共情是老师可以拥有的最重要的技能之一，但用共情来回应学生的行为并不总是那么容易。然而，当你向学生表明你理解并尊重他们的感受时，你就建立了相互信任和友好的关系。)”可知，有共情的教师会理解和尊重学生的情感，从而建立相互的信任和友好的关系。故选B。 29.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“According to new research, teaching children in a way that encourages them to empathize with others improves their creativity and may lead to a variety of other beneficial learning outcomes．The findings are the result of a year-long University of Cambridge study with year 9 Design and Technology (D &T) students (ages 13 to 14) from two inner London schools．Pupils at one school spent the year following curriculum-required lessons, while students at the other school used a set of engineering design thinking tools to improve students’ ability to think creatively and empathically while solving real-world problems.(根据一项新的研究，以一种鼓励他们同情他人的方式教育孩子，可以提高他们的创造力，并可能带来各种其他有益的学习成果。这一发现是剑桥大学对来自内伦敦两所学校的9年级设计与技术学生(13至14岁)进行为期一年的研究后得出的。一所学校的学生花了一年时间完成课程要求的课程，而另一所学校的学生则使用一套工程设计思维工具来提高学生在解决现实问题时的创造性思维和同理心能力。)”可知，另一所学校的学生则使用一套工程设计思维工具来提高学生在解决现实问题时的创造性思维和同理心能力是希望研究以一种鼓励他们同情他人的方式教育孩子，可以提高他们的创造力，并可能带来各种其他有益的学习成果。故选D。 30.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The results showed a statistically significant increase in creativity among pupils at the intervention school, where the thinking tools were used.(结果显示，在使用思维工具的干预学校，学生的创造力在统计上有显著提高。)”可知，测试的结果显示，注重共情的班级在创造力评分上贡献显著，这一发现表明对共情的强调对学生的创造性思维能力产生了积极影响。故选D。 31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Nicholl, Senior Lecturer in Design and Technology Education, who trains teachers studying on the University’s D & T PGCE course, said, “Teaching for empathy has been difficult despite being part of the D &．T National Curriculum for over two decades．This evidence suggests that it is a missing link in the creative process, and vital if we want education to encourage the designers and engineers of tomorrow.”(设计与技术教育高级讲师Nicholl负责培训参加该大学D & T PGCE课程的教师，他说：“尽管共情教育已经作为D&T国家课程的一部分存在了二十多年，但进行共情教学一直很难。这一证据表明，这是创意过程中缺失的一个环节，如果我们希望教育能够鼓励未来的设计师和工程师，这一环节至关重要。”)”可推测，Nicholl认为这项研究是有影响力的，因为它提供了证据，移情教育是重要的，可以积极影响学生的创造力。故选B。 （十三） （23-24高二下·浙江省丽水市丽水发展共同体·期中） Glass marble playing, dating psychology, Harry Potter and genetics, life and death ... Chinese universities have started setting up innovative new courses. In these classes, students are able to learn knowledge through vivid examples and group work, making learning fun. For example, at Tianjin University, the most popular elective course is dating psychology, which is in high demand all the time. Jin Yangbo, 18, enrolled in the course this school year. “This course is very scientific,” said Jin. “It doesn’t straight away start with techniques on how to date, but instead guide s us to learn more about ourselves, our family and our attachment styles.” What made Jin impressive was the group discussion on the differences between how men and women think. “I hadn’t realized that there were that many differences between men and women in emotional expression,” Jin said. Wang Xiaoling, the professor of the course, applied to make dating psychology an elective course in 2019. “I do psychological counseling on campus and have noticed a rising need among students to have professional relationship guidance,” said Wang. “I think theoretical knowledge and practice are both essential in relationships,” Wang said. “Many university students haven’t developed a healthy view toward relationships. When they encounter problems, many of them don’t have a good system for handling consequences.” In the course, Wang has covered topics like “why some people tend to please others in relationships”, “how to handle conflicts” and “how to get over a person after breaking up”. “I also asked them to do group presentations and papers on these topics, so that they can explore themselves in an active way.” In the future, Wang and the university want to start a video channel on social media so they can help more young people all over China. “We will design the course based on current situations so that the knowledge is more up-to-date,” Wang said. 28.Which of the following best describes the elective courses? A．Easy and fun. B．Creative and hands-on. C．Serious and complicated. D．Scientific and interesting. 29.What impressed Jin most about the course? A．Techniques on how to date. B．Its emphasis on self-awareness. C．The lesson on attachment. D．A discussion on gender differences. 30.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Wang’s views on relationships. B．The origin of the dating psychology course. C．The purpose of the dating psychology course. D．Problems with how students deal with relationships. 31.What does Wang plan to do? A．Make the course more accessible. B．Do counseling on social media. C．Include difficult topics in the course. D．Adapt content for different age groups. 【答案】28.D 29.D 30.B 31.A 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述一些新颖的选修课让学生学到了新的知识。 28.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Chinese universities have started setting up innovative new courses．In these classes, students are able to learn knowledge through vivid examples and group work, making learning fun.(中国的大学已经开始设置创新的新课程。在课堂上，学生可以通过生动的例子和小组合作来学习知识，使学习变得有趣)”可知，这些选修课科学且有趣，故选D。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段中“What made Jin impressive was the group discussion on the differences between how men and women think.(让Jin印象深刻的是关于男女思维差异的小组讨论)”可知，让Jin印象深刻的是关于男女思维差异的小组讨论，故选D。 30.主旨大意题。根据第四段中“I do psychological counseling on campus and have noticed a rising need among students to have professional relationship guidance(我在校园做心理咨询，我注意到学生们越来越需要专业的情感指导)”、“I think theoretical knowledge and practice are both essential in relationships(我认为理论知识和实践在人际关系中都是必不可少的)”以及“Many university students haven’t developed a healthy view toward relationships．When they encounter problems, many of them don’t have a good system for handling consequences.(许多大学生还没有形成一种健康的恋爱观。当他们遇到问题时，他们中的许多人没有一个很好的系统来处理后果)”可知，本段是讲述设置约会心理学课程的原因，即约会心理学课程的起源，故选B。 31.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the future, Wang and the university want to start a video channel on social media so they can help more young people all over China.(将来，王和学校想在社交媒体上开设一个视频频道，这样他们就可以帮助更多的中国年轻人)”可知，王计划让更多人更容易获取这些课程，故选A。 （十四） （23-24高二下·浙江省浙南名校·期中） In the summer of 2021, the Pacific Northwest experienced a severe heatwave that caused widespread panic and destruction. Temperatures reached record levels, including 114℉ in Portland. A heatwave, born over the Pacific, drifted inland and grew in intensity, creating a heat dome. Ice was the first victim, and as snowpacks melted, glaciers released fast flowing muddy water that flooded towns. Salmon, sensing the water temperature change, began migrating early. But then they struggled to breathe as the rivers warmed. Vegetation was next—unable to escape the heat, it struggled to hold water. Bighorn sheep moved to higher ground, doves panted like dogs, baby eagles jumped to their deaths in an attempt to fly to escape overheating with their siblings. In 72 hours, the official number of human deaths was 1,000—but the actual number is likely higher, especially among the elderly, poor, and medically vulnerable. The town of Lytton, British Columbia was burned down when temperatures there hit 121℉. Over a billion sea creatures met their deaths over the three days. Such a heatwave in the Pacific Northwest had been thought to be as likely as snow in the Sahara. But then it happened. Right now, scientists can’t predict where or when such heat will appear next, but they do know that occurrences such as this are a direct result of human activities. As fossil-fuel burning increases levels of heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide, the planet warms. Heat is the prime mover of climate chaos, melting ice, . drying soil, , and even reviving ancient bacteria from thawed permafrost (永冻土解冻). Humans might be able to engineer their way out of anything—cities like Los Angeles and Paris are already working to deflect (使偏斜) sunlight and have more shade trees. But there are limits to adaptation for Earth’s population of nearly 8 billion. Parts of the Middle East and South Asia are already too hot for humans in summer. 28.How is the impact of the heatwave presented in Paragraph 2? A．By telling a story. B．By listing examples. C．By giving a definition. D．By making comparisons. 29.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Protected. B．Disturbed. C．Healthy. D．Weak. 30.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．People considered the heatwave in the Pacific Northwest as common. B．Such heat will certainly appear again as a result of human activities. C．Los Angeles and Paris have already helped themselves out of heatwaves. D．The earth’s adaptability to heatwaves has limits with such a large population. 31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Temperatures Reaching Record High B．Human Activities Causing a Heatwave C．A Heatwave Hitting the Pacific Northwest D．Panic and Destruction Caused by a Heatwave 【答案】28.B 29.D 30.D 31.C 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了太平洋西北部遭受高温天气的情况，介绍了伤亡情况以及原因。 28.推理判断题。根据第二段“A heatwave, born over the Pacific, drifted inland and grew in intensity, creating a heat dome．Ice was the first victim, and as snowpacks melted, glaciers released fast flowing muddy water that flooded towns．Salmon, sensing the water temperature change, began migrating early．But then they struggled to breathe as the rivers warmed．Vegetation was next—unable to escape the heat, it struggled to hold water．Bighorn sheep moved to higher ground, doves panted like dogs, baby eagles jumped to their deaths in an attempt to fly to escape overheating with their siblings.(一股源自太平洋的热浪向内陆漂移，强度不断增强，形成了一个热穹。冰是第一个受害者，随着积雪融化，冰川释放出快速流动的泥水，淹没了城镇。鲑鱼察觉到水温的变化，开始提早迁徙。但随着河水变暖，他们呼吸困难。其次是植被，它们无法逃离高温，难以保持水分。大角羊搬到更高的地方，鸽子像狗一样喘气，小鹰为了避免和兄弟姐妹一起过热，在试图飞翔时跳死了)”可知，第2段通过列举例子描述热浪的影响。故选B。 29.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In 72 hours, the official number of human deaths was 1,000—but the actual number is likely higher, especially among the elderly, poor, and medically”可知，在72小时内，官方公布的死亡人数为1000人，但实际数字可能更高，特别是在老年人、穷人和医疗虚弱的群体中。故划线词意思是“虚弱的”，故选D。 30.细节理解题。根据最后一段“But there are limits to adaptation for Earth’s population of nearly 8 billion.(但对地球上近80亿人口来说，适应气候变化是有限的)”可知，由于人口众多，地球对热浪的适应能力是有限的。故选D。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the summer of 2021, the Pacific Northwest experienced a severe heatwave that caused widespread panic and destruction．Temperatures reached record levels, including 114℉ in Portland.( 2021年夏天，太平洋西北部经历了一场严重的热浪，造成了广泛的恐慌和破坏。波特兰的气温达到创纪录的114华氏度)”结合文章主要说明了太平洋西北部遭受高温天气的情况，介绍了伤亡情况以及原因。可知，C选项“热浪袭击太平洋西北部”最符合文章标题。故选C。 （十五） （23-24高二下·浙江省浙里特色联盟·期中） It is well established that eating vegetables is good for us. Why, then, do some people like them but others don’t? A new study has found that other people’s likes and dislikes could play a part. According to the research, people who eat vegetables and show an obvious distaste for them can influence others. A team of scientists in the UK set out to investigate how the facial expressions people make as they eat affect a person watching them. They asked more than 200 young women to watch videos of other adults eating raw broccoli. The people in the videos had different expressions while eating. They would smile, seem neutral (neither happy nor sad), or look disgusted by what they were tasting. The study found that participants who watched someone else react with disgust while eating broccoli began to like broccoli less. The opposite was not true, however. When someone had a positive facial expression while eating broccoli, people watching them did not end up liking broccoli more. Humans learn which behaviors, including eating, will benefit them by watching the reactions of others. Known as social modeling, this tendency can have a strong influence on people’s eating habits. Scientists believe that people might avoid food that appears disgusting because it could help protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could even be dangerous. Although the research focused only on adults, experts think the results could also apply to children. This means that if children see their parents or siblings not enjoying certain foods, including vegetables, they might not want to eat them either. A previous study found that children between the ages of 4 and 6 were more likely to eat broccoli if they had seen video clips of adults enjoying it. The team said further research is needed to understand more about how the behavior of adults influences children’s enjoyment of food. This could help experts find ways to encourage young people to eat more of the foods that are healthy for them. 28.What was the purpose of the UK scientists’ study? A．Assess young women’s eating habits. B．Examine the effect of raw broccoli on people. C．Investigate facial expressions during eating. D．Study the impact of diners’ expressions on viewers. 29.What does social modeling in paragraph 4 refer to in the text? A．Correcting others’ behaviors. B．Socializing one’s behaviors by learning from others. C．Developing others’ eating habits. D．Learning beneficial behaviors from observing others. 30.According to the text, what is the likely reason that children refuse to eat vegetables? A．Impact of friends. B．Influence of family members. C．Personal taste preferences. D．Unpleasant taste of vegetables. 31.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Developing Good Habits: The Importance of Modeling. B．Impacting Food Preferences: The Power of Eating Habits. C．Influencing Food Choices: The Power of Facial Reactions. D．Encouraging Vegetable Consumption: The Importance of Healthy Eating. 【答案】28.D 29.D 30.B 31.C 【解析】 【语篇导读】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要围绕一项关于人们吃蔬菜的喜好如何受到他人影响的研究进行了描述，包括研究方法、结果分析以及可能的影响等。 28.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A team of scientists in the UK set out to investigate how the facial expressions people make as they eat affect a person watching them．They asked more than 200 young women to watch videos of other adults eating raw broccoli．The people in the videos had different expressions while eating．(英国的一组科学家开始研究人们在吃东西时的面部表情是如何影响观察他们的人的。他们让200多名年轻女性观看其他成年人吃生西兰花的视频。视频中的人在吃东西的时候有着不同的表情。)”可知，英国的一组科学家着手研究人们在吃东西时做出的面部表情如何影响观看他们的人。他们让年轻女性观看其他成年人吃生西兰花的视频。故选D。 29.词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Humans learn which behaviors, including eating, will benefit them by watching the reactions of others．Known as social modeling, this tendency can have a strong influence on people’s eating habits．Scientists believe that people might avoid food that appears disgusting because it could help protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could even be dangerous.(人类通过观察他人的反应来学习哪些行为（包括吃东西）对自己有益。这种趋势被称为social modeling，它会对人们的饮食习惯产生强烈的影响。科学家认为，人们可能会避免吃那些看起来很恶心的食物，因为这可以帮助他们避免吃那些味道不好甚至可能危险的东西。)”可知，social modeling（社会模型）指的是人们通过观察他人来学习并模仿那些他们认为有益或可取的行为。这里特别提到了父母、兄弟姐妹、朋友和同事作为社会模型的角色，孩子们通过观察和模仿他们的行为来学习。因此，这个“social modeling”指的是通过观察他人来学习有益的行为。故选D。 30.细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Although the research focused only on adults, experts think the results could also apply to children．This means that if children see their parents or siblings not enjoying certain foods, including vegetables, they might not want to eat them either.(虽然这项研究只针对成年人，但专家认为研究结果也适用于儿童。这意味着，如果孩子们看到他们的父母或兄弟姐妹不喜欢某些食物，包括蔬菜，他们可能也不想吃。)”可知，孩子们拒绝吃某种蔬菜可能是因为孩子们看到自己的父母或兄弟姐妹不喜欢某些蔬菜。故选B。 31.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A new study has found that other people’s likes and dislikes could play a part．According to the research, people who eat vegetables and show an obvious distaste for them can influence others.(一项新的研究发现，别人的好恶也会影响你的情绪。根据这项研究，吃蔬菜并表现出明显厌恶蔬菜的人可以影响其他人。)”以及全文内容可知，文章介绍了一项研究发现人们吃东西时表现出的喜好表情会影响其他人的食物选择；选项C“Influencing Food Choices: The Power of Facial Reactions.(影响食物选择：面部反应的力量。)” 准确地捕捉了文本的核心内容，即面部表情如何影响食物选择。故选C。 （十六） （23-24高二下·浙江省杭州地区（含周边）重点中学·期中） The standard public health threats are all-too familiar: smoking, high blood pressure, cancer. But a new government advisory made headlines in 2023 by adding an unexpected major to that list. Loneliness, stated the report from Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, is a widely under recognized U.S. health crisis. In recent years, about 50 percent of Americans have experienced loneliness, which results in adverse effects. Lonely people, as Murthy’s report warns, run the same mortality (死亡) risk as people who smoke 15 cigarettes a day. On its face, Murthy’s warning sounds awfully alarmist. It’s hard to understand how a lack of companionship could be as threatening as an addiction or global pandemic. But humans are so biologically wired to be social that isolation damages our systems. People who lack social support have a 29 percent higher risk of heart disease, a 32 percent higher risk of stroke, and a 26 to 29 percent higher risk of premature death, according to the report. What’s more, such health effects in isolated older adults have led to about $6.7 billion in Medicare spending each year. Scientists now know that loneliness can cause lots of health problems. That may be because our ancestors thrived (繁荣) in supportive communities. “Our brains function more efficiently when we are with others.” Says Julianne Holt Lunstad, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Brigham Young University. Since loneliness can feel so much like personal failure, it’s easy to assume people should just try to handle it on their own. But in reality, many of the factors that promote social isolation are structural ones. “It could be workplace policies that don’t allow flexibility to support personal relationships.” Holt Lunstad says. “It might be busy or unsafe streets that are barriers to getting to know your neighbors.” 28.What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Slight. B．Negative. C．Indirect. D．Immediate. 29.Which is true about loneliness according to passage? A．Loneliness is a great health threat to people. B．Loneliness does more harm than a pandemic. C．Lonely people run the same risk as the smokers. D．Loneliness is a well-recognized health problem. 30.What can be inferred from Holt Lunstad’s words? A．Social isolation can be solved on one’s own. B．Social anxiety holds back personal interactions. C．The absence of social support worsens loneliness. D．Tight working schedules lead to tense relationships. 31.What might be written in the following paragraph? A．The causes of loneliness. B．The effects of loneliness. C．The definition of loneliness. D．The solutions to the loneliness. 【答案】28.B 29.A 30.C 31.D 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了孤独是一种被广泛认可的美国健康危机，解释了孤独的危害以及原因。 28.词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Lonely people, as Murthy’s report warns, run the same mortality (死亡) risk as people who smoke 15 cigarettes a day.(正如默蒂的报告所警告的那样，孤独的人与每天抽15支烟的人有着相同的死亡风险)”可知，孤独对人们的健康有不利，负面影响。故划线词adverse意思是“不利的；有害的”与negative意思一致。故选B。 29.细节理解题。根据第一段“Lonely people, as Murthy’s report warns, run the same mortality (死亡) risk as people who smoke 15 cigarettes a day.(正如默蒂的报告所警告的那样，孤独的人与每天抽15支烟的人有着相同的死亡风险)”可知，A选项“孤独对人们的健康是一个巨大的威胁”正确。故选A。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段““It could be workplace policies that don’t allow flexibility to support personal relationships.” Holt Lunstad says．“It might be busy or unsafe streets that are barriers to getting to know your neighbors.”(‘可能是工作场所的政策不允许个人关系的灵活性。’霍尔特·伦斯塔德说。‘可能是繁忙或不安全的街道阻碍了你了解邻居。’)”可知，霍尔特·伦斯塔德认为缺乏社会支持加重了孤独感。故选C。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since loneliness can feel so much like personal failure, it’s easy to assume people should just try to handle it on their own．But in reality, many of the factors that promote social isolation are structural ones．“It could be workplace policies that don’t allow flexibility to support personal relationships.” Holt Lunstad says．“It might be busy or unsafe streets that are barriers to getting to know your neighbors.”(因为孤独感觉就像个人的失败，所以很容易认为人们应该试着自己处理它。但实际上，许多导致社会孤立的因素都是结构性的。‘可能是工作场所的政策不允许个人关系的灵活性。’霍尔特·伦斯塔德说。‘可能是繁忙或不安全的街道阻碍了你了解邻居。’)”分析了造成孤独的原因，由此可推知，下面的段落可能会写解决孤独的方法。故选D。 （十七） （23-24高二下·浙江省9 +1高中联盟·期中） On December 16,2023, the first section of Maya Train officially opened, which runs between Campeche and Cancun, carrying up to 231 passengers across 290 miles and stopping at 14 train stations. Built as an ambitious effort to promote tourism and boost Mexico’s economy, the rail system connects the major cities and tourist regions of the Yucatan Peninsula -from Cancun’s beaches to Tulum’s archaeological wonders. Once the project is completed, the entire rail system will link tourist destinations across five states. However, environmentalists and archaeologists argue that the train route will cause great damage to the environment and ancient Mayan sites. The Maya Train passes through six UNESCO World Heritage sites and thousands of archaeological sites. One particular area of concern is the Calakmul reserve, which is home to many endangered species, such as jaguars and over 500 other animal species. The train lines, more than 60 meters wide, could act as artificial barriers that may make it difficult for these animals to move around and access food and water sources. Opponents also express safety concerns. Certain sections of the rail system will be built right on top of the aquifer’s (地下水层的) weakest points of contact with the surface. “It’s like wanting to build over eggshells.” says Guillermo Christy, a water treatment consultant. “Putting trains weighing thousands of tons on top could cause the underground caves to crash down.” To construct the train infrastructure (基础设施) also requires driving long piles deep into the ground, which poses a big threat to this weak ecosystem and leads to water shortages. In the ongoing debate of Maya Train, it is crucial to consider the delicate balance between economic development and environmental preservation. While Maya Train may provide economic benefits, we must not ignore the potential environmental and cultural losses, as well as the safety risks it may bring. Achieving harmony between progress and conservation may be a significant challenge for the project, but we must take into account the long-term consequences of our actions. 28.What is the purpose of the Maya Train project? A．To help protect the environment. B．To promote Mexico’s economy. C．To connect tourist regions across states. D．To give easy access to Mayan sites. 29.What’s the train lines’ effect on the Calakmul reserve? A．The movement of species may be limited. B．Animals may have communication barriers. C．The living habitats of species may be reduced. D．The reserve may have food and water shortages. 30.Why does the author mention “eggshells” in paragraph 4? A．To prove the urgency of protecting the ecosystem. B．To illustrate the difficulty of constructing the rail lines. C．To explain the reasons for water shortages along the railway. D．To stress the potential harm of Maya Train to aquifer system. 31.What’s the author’s attitude towards Maya Train? A．Cautious. B．Opposed. C．Favorable. D．Indifferent. 【答案】28.B 29.A 30.D 31.A 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是玛雅列车项目给当地带来的好处以及专家们对于这一项目给当地环境及生态将会造成的影响的担忧，并指出我们不应该以牺牲生态为代价来发展经济。 28.细节理解题。根据第二段“Built as an ambitious effort to promote tourism and boost Mexico’s economy, the rail system connects the major cities and tourist regions of the Yucatan Peninsula -from Cancun’s beaches to Tulum’s archaeological wonders.(为了促进旅游业和促进墨西哥经济，该铁路系统将尤卡坦半岛的主要城市和旅游区连接起来——从坎昆的海滩到图卢姆的考古奇观)”可知，玛雅火车项目的目的是促进墨西哥的经济。故选B。 29.细节理解题。根据第二段“One particular area of concern is the Calakmul reserve, which is home to many endangered species, such as jaguars and over 500 other animal species．The train lines, more than 60 meters wide, could act as artificial barriers that may make it difficult for these animals to move around and access food and water sources.(一个特别值得关注的地区是卡拉克穆尔保护区，那里是许多濒危物种的家园，比如美洲虎和500多种其他动物。这些超过60米宽的火车线可能会作为人工屏障，使这些动物难以四处走动，难以获得食物和水源)”可知，铁路线对卡拉克穆尔保护区的影响是物种的迁移可能受到限制。故选A。 30.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Opponents also express safety concerns.(反对者也表达了对安全的担忧)”为主旨句，所以第四段主要讲的是专家们对于安全方面的担忧，后文的“Certain sections of the rail system will be built right on top of the aquifer’s (地下水层的) weakest points of contact with the surface．“It’s like wanting to build over eggshells.” says Guillermo Christy, a water treatment consultant．“Putting trains weighing thousands of tons on top could cause the underground caves to crash down.” To construct the train infrastructure (基础设施) also requires driving long piles deep into the ground, which poses a big threat to this weak ecosystem and leads to water shortages.(铁路系统的某些部分将建在含水层与地表接触最薄弱的地方。“这就像想在蛋壳上盖房子一样。水处理顾问吉列尔莫·克里斯蒂说。“把数千吨重的火车放在上面可能会导致地下洞穴坍塌。”建设铁路基础设施还需要将长桩深入地下，这对脆弱的生态系统构成了巨大威胁，并导致水资源短缺)”作为两个supporting evidence来支撑主旨句。由此推知，作者提到eggshells是为了强调玛雅列车项目对含水层系统的潜在危害。故选D。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“While Maya Train may provide economic benefits, we must not ignore the potential environmental and cultural losses, as well as the safety risks it may bring．Achieving harmony between progress and conservation may be a significant challenge for the project, but we must take into account the long-term consequences of our actions.(虽然玛雅火车可能提供经济效益，但我们不能忽视潜在的环境和文化损失，以及它可能带来的安全风险。实现进步和保护之间的和谐可能是该项目面临的重大挑战，但我们必须考虑到我们行动的长期后果)”可知，作者对玛雅火车的态度是谨慎。故选A。 （十八） （23-24高二下·浙江省台金七校·期中） When margarine (人造黄油) was first sold in the 1800s, plentiful alarmist words were uttered about it. However, it was simply a cream of vegetable oil and water, a processed, more sustainable and healthier alternative to an animal product. Anxiety about new foods and how they are produced continues today. Public discussions are full of concerns that “ultra-processed foods” or “UPFs” are downright unhealthy. One particular category in a fierce spotlight is plant-based meats. But how and where food is made doesn’t determine how safe or nutritious it is. The term UPFs was first used in 2009 by Carlos Monteiro, a nutritionist. In a 2017 paper, he said he was worried that the shared experience of cooking was being increasingly lost and people weren’t eating together. In particular, he was seeing rising rates of diabetes and obesity. Keen to identify the root cause of these issues, he focused on food not made at home, but in factories. But the thing is, as Monteiro has stated openly, the UPF categorisation was never designed to group foods on the basis of nutrition. Just like pork sausages and chicken popcorn, plant-based alternatives are made in factories, so are considered UPFs. But unlike those animal products, they don’t require antibiotics (抗生素) or hormones during production, require up to 96 percent less land, have carbon emissions up to 98 percent lower, need up to 99 percent less water and result in 100 percent fewer animals dying. And side by side, they are almost always healthier than the over-processed animal meat products they replace, especially on fat and fibre content. Just compare the labels on the packets next time you are in the supermarket. Many loud voices are raising concerns, suggesting that all UPFs, especially plant-based meats, are “unnatural”, “fake” and “full of chemicals”. We are seeing history repeat itself, and a fear of new foods being aroused all over again. But the science is unmistakably clear: diets rich in plant-based options are better for both people and the planet, factory or no factory. 28.Why does the author mention margarine in paragraph 1? A．To stress the sales dilemma margarine faced before. B．To illustrate people’s misunderstanding about margarine. C．To show the ignored benefits of margarine to people’s health. D．To emphasize people’s longstanding worry about novel foods. 29.Why did Monteiro create the UPF categorisation? A．To classify the food made at home. B．To encourage people to cook and eat together. C．To discover the cause of some rising health problems. D．To determine the nutrition level of factory-produced food. 30.What do the numbers in paragraph 3 imply? A．Plant-based meats are more ecofriendly. B．Plant-based meats shouldn’t be considered as UPFs. C．Plant-based meats will replace UPF animal meat products. D．Plant-based meats are healthier than sausages and popcorn. 31.What does the author think of the concern over plant-based meats? A．Unnecessary. B．Temporary. C．Reasonable. D．Alarming. 【答案】28.D 29.C 30.A 31.A 【解析】 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“超加工食品”和“植物基肉类”进行了介绍和说明，通过列举数据和事实来阐述这些食品的优势和误解，旨在纠正公众对超加工食品的不准确认识，强调植物基食品的健康和环保价值。 28.推理判断题。根据第一段“When margarine (人造黄油) was first sold in the 1800s, plentiful alarmist words were uttered about it．However, it was simply a cream of vegetable oil and water, a processed, more sustainable and healthier alternative to an animal product．Anxiety about new foods and how they are produced continue s today．Public discussions are full of concerns that “ultra-processed foods” or “UPFs” are downright unhealthy.(当人造黄油在19世纪首次销售时，关于它的危言耸听的言论不绝于耳。然而，它只是一种植物油和水的奶油，是一种加工过的、更可持续、更健康的动物产品替代品。对新食品及其生产方式的担忧今天仍在继续。公众讨论中充满了对“超加工食品”或“UPFs”完全不健康的担忧)”可知，在第一段中，作者提到人造黄油（margarine）在19世纪首次出售时引起了广泛的担忧，但后来被证明是更健康、更可持续的替代品。作者提到人造黄油是为了强调人们对于新食物的长期担忧，即人们对于新出现的食品总是持有一种警惕和担忧的态度，这种担忧可能会忽略新食物所带来的实际好处。故选D。 29.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The term UPFs was first used in 2009 by Carlo s Monteiro, a nutritionist．In a 2017 paper, he said he was worried that the shared experience of cooking was being increasingly lost and people weren’t eating together．In particular, he was seeing rising rates of diabetes and obesity．Keen to identify the root cause of these issues, he focused on food not made at home, but in factories.(2009年，营养学家Carlo s Monteiro首次使用了UPFs这个术语。在2017年的一篇论文中，他说他担心烹饪的共同体验越来越少，人们不再一起吃饭。特别是，他看到糖尿病和肥胖症的发病率在上升。为了找出这些问题的根本原因，他关注的不是在家里制作的食品，而是在工厂生产的食品)”可知，Monteiro创建UPF分类的原因是出于对健康问题的关注。特别是，他看到糖尿病和肥胖率的上升，并热衷于找出这些问题的根源。因此，他专注于不在家里制作而是在工厂生产的食品。由此可知，他创建UPF分类的目的是为了发现一些日益严重的健康问题的原因。故选C。 30.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Just like pork sausages and chicken popcorn, plant-based alternatives are made in factories, so are considered UPFs．But unlike those animal products, they don’t require antibiotics (抗生素) or hormones during production, require up to 96 percent less land, have carbon emissions up to 98 percent lower, need up to 99 percent less water and result in 100 percent fewer animals dying.(就像猪肉香肠和鸡肉爆米花一样，植物性替代品是在工厂生产的，所以被认为是UPFs。但与那些动物产品不同的是，它们在生产过程中不需要抗生素或激素，需要的土地减少96%，碳排放量减少98%，需要的水减少99%，动物死亡率减少100%)”可知，本段中提到的数字暗示了植物基肉类相比动物肉类更环保。具体来说，这些数字表明植物基肉类在生产过程中不需要抗生素或激素，所需土地减少了高达96%，碳排放降低了高达98%，所需水资源减少了高达99%，而且没有动物死亡。由此推知，这些数据表明，植物基肉类对环境的负担远小于动物肉类，因此更加环保。故选A。 31.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“And side by side, they are almost always healthier than the over-processed animal meat products they replace, especially on fat and fibre content.(另一方面，它们几乎总是比它们所取代的过度加工的动物肉制品更健康，尤其是在脂肪和纤维含量方面)”以及最后一段“We are seeing history repeat itself, and a fear of new foods being aroused all over again．But the science is unmistakably clear: diets rich in plant-based options are better for both people and the planet, factory or no factory.(我们看到历史重演，对新食物的恐惧再次被唤起。但科学是明确无误的:富含植物性选择的饮食对人类和地球都更好，无论工厂与否)”可判断，作者认为，与过度加工的动物肉制品相比，植物基肉类实际上是更健康、更环保的选择。这些植物基产品并不包含像香肠等超加工食品中的添加剂、色素、防腐剂和盐等成分。由此推知，作者认为对植物基肉类的担忧是不必要的。故选A。 （十九） （23-24高二下·浙江省七彩阳光·期中） When micro plastics end up in fields, they can damage plant growth. But two young researchers now report combining fungi (真菌) with certain farm wastes can partly address that problem. May Shin aged 20 had desired to explore how micro plastics might affect the ecosystem. Jiwon Choi aged 18 was crazy about plants and fungi. They met in a research design class at the Fryeburg Academy, a high school in Maine and teamed up to find out the impact of long-lived plastics on farm crops. Scientists have shown certain fungi can aid root growth and a plant’s nutrient uptake. Those organisms are named arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Farm wastes known as mushroom substrate (基质) can provide nutrients to plants and help stabilize their roots. May and Jiwon planted over 2,000 scallion (大葱) seeds in pots of soil. Half the seeds got soil polluted with micro plastics. The rest grew in plastic-free soil. The plants then were further divided into four groups. The two young added AMF to the soil in one group. Another group had a top layer of mushroom substrate. A third group got both treatments. The last group got none. For three weeks, the pair tracked how many scallions sprouted (发芽) in each group and measured the plants’ height once each week. About twice as many scallions sprouted in clean soil in comparison to that containing plastic bits. But among plants surviving in the polluted soil, a combination of AMF and mushroom substrate helped them out. Those getting both treatments grew 5.4 centimeters per week. That was faster than either of the treatments alone or those getting none. They then looked at the roots with a microscope. Where AMF had been added, it grew into those roots. That increased the scallion roots’ surface area, thus promoting their uptake of nutrients. “I see this project as a possible sustainable solution for plant growth in polluted soils,” said May. 28.What’s the goal of May and Jiwon’s cooperation? A．To explore the effect of micro plastics on ecosystem. B．To find out the bond between fungi and crops. C．To see how micro plastics influence crops. D．To test whether crops can grow in polluted soil. 29.Why is the process of the test described in detail in Para.4? A．To arouse readers’ interest in the process of the test. B．To help readers better understand the process of the test. C．To measure the growth of scallion seeds more accurately. D．To make the result of the test more convincing. 30.What can be concluded from the findings of the two young’s test? A．Plants grow better in polluted soil with AMF and farm wastes than in clean soil. B．Plants grow better in clean soil than in soil containing micro plastics. C．AFM enables seeds to sprout most in polluted soil than in clean soil. D．Farm wastes help seeds sprout most in clean soil than in polluted soil. 31.How can AMF help plant growth? A．By providing more nutrients to plants. B．By exposing the plants’ roots to a larger area. C．By increasing the deep area of plants’ roots. D．By stabilizing the roots of the plants. 【答案】28.C 29.D 30.B 31.B 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当微塑料最终进入农田时，污染会损害植物生长。然而，两位年轻的研究人员现在报告说，将真菌与某些农场废物结合起来可以部分克服这个问题。 28.细节理解题。根据第二段“May Shin aged 20 had desired to explore how micro plastics might affect the ecosystem．Jiwon Choi aged 18 was crazy about plants and fungi．They met in a research design class at the Fryeburg Academy, a high school in Maine and teamed up to find out the impact of long-lived plastics on farm crops.(20岁的May Shin希望探索微塑料如何影响生态系统。18岁的Jiwon Choi对植物和真菌非常着迷。他们在缅因州弗莱堡学院(Fryeburg Academy)的一所高中的研究设计课上相遇，并合作研究长寿命塑料对农作物的影响)”可知，May和Jiwon合作的目的是看看微塑料是如何影响作物的。故选C项。 29.推理判断题。根据第四段“May and Jiwon planted over 2,000 scallion (大葱) seeds in pots of soil．Half the seeds got soil polluted with micro plastics．The rest grew in plastic-free soil．The plants then were further divided into four groups．The two young added AMF to the soil in one group．Another group had a top layer of mushroom substrate．A third group got both treatments．The last group got none．For three weeks, the pair tracked how many scallions sprouted (发芽) in each group and measured the plants’ height once each week.(May和Jiwon在花盆的土壤中种植了2000多大葱种子。一半的种子种植在被微塑料污染的土壤中。另一半则在无塑料土壤中生长。然后将这些植物进一步分为四组。两名年轻人向其中一组土壤中添加AMF。另一组则在土壤表层添加了蘑菇基质。第三组同时接受了两种处理。最后一组则没有接受任何处理。在为期三周的时间里，两人跟踪记录了每组中有多少大葱发芽，并每周测量一次植株的高度)”可知，本段详细描述了测试的过程是为了使测试结果更有说服力。故选D项。 30.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“About twice as many scallions sprouted in clean soil in comparison to that containing plastic bits．But among plants surviving in the polluted soil, a combination of AMF and mushroom substrate helped them out．Those getting both treatments grew 5.4 centimeters per week．That was faster than either of the treatments alone or those getting none.(与含有塑料颗粒的土壤相比，清洁土壤中发芽的大葱大约是前者的两倍。但是在被污染的土壤中存活的植物中，AMF和蘑菇基质的结合对它们很有帮助。同时接受这两种处理的植物生长速度为每周5.4厘米。这比单独使用任何一种处理或完全不接受任何处理的植物生长得都要快)”可知，从两个年轻人的测试结果中可以知道，植物在干净的土壤中比在含有微塑料的土壤中生长得更好。故选B项。 31.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They then looked at the roots with a microscope．Where AMF had been added, it grew into those roots．That increased the scallion roots’ surface area, thus promoting their uptake of nutrients．“I see this project as a possible sustainable solution for plant growth in polluted soils,” said May.(然后他们用显微镜观察了植物的根部。在添加了AMF的地方，它长进了那些根里。这增加了大葱根部的表面积，从而促进了根部对养分的吸收。“我认为这个项目有可能成为污染土壤中植物生长的可持续解决方案，”May说)”可知，AMF和蘑菇基质是通过将根暴露到更大的表面积从而使植物生长得更快。故选B项。 （二十） （23-24高二下·浙江省衢温5+1联盟·期中） Are you an “I person” or an “E person”? These two personality labels in particular are widely discussed online. They are part of a popular personality test called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI. There are 16 personalities in all, of which “I” and “E” refer to “introverted” and “extroverted”, respectively. Even if someone is typically quiet, many online discussions suggest that an “I person” can still act outgoing at times. For example, when an introverted person is with a group of introverted friends, they might become more social like an “E” person. According to psychologists, this idea of temporarily switching personalities is called “masking”. That is hiding your true personality in specific situations. “Human beings want to feel they belong, and they might become people-pleasers to do so,” wrote the MasterClass website. Thinking on this, I may actually be the kind of person that these people are discussing. Most times, I just wish to make the atmosphere more interesting and exciting and show people that I’m easy to get along with. But deep down, I mostly enjoy being alone and quiet. Using the MBTI result to identify and describe someone’s personality seems fun. However, I went too far at one time. My sister was excitedly making a day-to-day travel plan when I remembered from an article that a “P person” doesn’t like to make or stick to plans, so I said to her, “You don’t seem like a ‘P person’”. “Why?” she asked back. “Since when do I need to follow what my personality test tells me to do?” It was then that I realized that I’d taken the result too seriously. The MBTI personality test may show something you don’t know about yourself and can even be a fun ice-breaker question when meeting new friends. And that’s all it is—for fun. Knowing someone’s MBTI result doesn’t mean you really know this person. 28.An “I person” tends to ________. A．reflect on problems alone B．enjoy gatherings with friends C．be active in social situations D．try to chat with complete strangers 29.Why does an “I person” act like an “E person” sometimes? A．Because he/she wants to be like others. B．Because he/she needs a sense of belonging. C．Because he/she dislikes to embarrass others. D．Because he/she is actually an “E person” deep inside. 30.What does the writer mean by saying “I went too far” in paragraph 5? A．She pushed her sister too much. B．She failed to help her sister follow her plan. C．She believed blindly the result of the personality test. D．She discouraged her sister to make a detailed travel plan. 31.What does the writer think about the MBTI? A．It is supposed to be strictly followed. B．It tells you everything about your personality. C．It’s an interesting way to start a chat with a stranger. D．It’s a reliable approach to telling what type of people a person belongs to. 【答案】28.A 29.B 30.C 31.C 【解析】 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Myers-Briggs Type Indicator（MBTI）人格测试中的“I”（内向）和“E”（外向）两种类型。文章指出，尽管人们通常被归为某一类型，但在特定情况下可能会暂时表现出不同的性格特点，这被称为“掩饰”。作者反思自己可能也是这种会在不同场合表现出不同性格的人。 28.推理判断题。根据第二段“Even if someone is typically quiet, many online discussions suggest that an “I person” can still act outgoing at times.(即使某人是典型的沉默寡言，许多在线讨论表明，一个“I person”有时仍然可以表现得外向。)”可知，一个“I person”往往会自己一个人思考问题，故选A。 29.推理判断题。根据第二段“For example, when an introverted person is with a group of introverted friends, they might become more social like an “E” person.(例如，当一个内向的人和一群内向的朋友在一起时，他们可能会变得更像一个“E”型的人。)”和第三段“Human beings want to feel they belong, and they might become people-pleasers to do so(人类想要归属感，为此他们可能会成为取悦他人的人)”可知，“I person”有时候表现得像“E person”，因为他/她需要归属感。故选B。 30.词句猜测题。根据第五段“Using the MBTI result to identify and describe someone’s personality seems fun.(用MBTI测试的结果来识别和描述一个人的性格似乎很有趣。)”和“It was then that I realized that I’d taken the result too seriously.(那时我才意识到我把结果看得太认真了。)”可知，作者在第5段说“I went too far”的意思是她盲目地相信了性格测试的结果。故选C。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“The MBTI personality test may show something you don’t know about yourself and can even be a fun ice-breaker question when meeting new friends.(MBTI人格测试可能会显示出你对自己不了解的一些东西，甚至可以成为你结识新朋友时一个有趣的破冰问题。)”可知，作者认为MBTI是和陌生人开始聊天的有趣方式。故选C。 （二十一） （23-24高二下·浙江省台州十校·期中） Just by typing a few keywords and waiting a few seconds, a picture comparable to that painted by a human artist appears on screen. AI art generators have seemingly swept the Chinese Internet. In some paintings created by AI, an elderly man can be shown as a young animated image, and pets can be turned into adorable cartoon girls or boys. Huang Ge, an illustrator from Shanghai, said that it usually takes him several hours or days to complete one illustration. But with AI art generators, the efficiency is greatly improved. “Also, the generators have many modification (修改) modes, and the picture can be modified directly in the painting software,” he added. Ding Jiao, a comic artist, considers the popularity of AI art generator s reasonable as many people who are not good at drawing can create great works through them. So is Al painting gradually replacing human painting? In the hot topic “Using a picture to prove that human artists will never be replaced by Al” online, many netizens uploaded their paintings to prove that humans are better than AI. “Though Al technology has developed rapidly, AI cannot fully replace humans. The warmth and inspiration in human creations are irreplaceable,” said Ding Daoshi, an independent analyst. Another controversial issue is that there is no consensus (共识) of who owns the copyright of AI art. Some users have openly sold their AI paintings and earned money, but it is still a gray area about whether these artworks belong to users, the digital tool developers or even AI. Ding Daoshi noted that the various sides should get together to debate the issue and come up with some accepted rules as soon as possible because AI is already penetrating deeply into the lives of human beings. 28.Why does the author mention “an elderly man” and “pets” in Paragraph 2? A．To show the popularity of AI art generators. B．To illustrate the disadvantage of AI art generators. C．To prove the significance of AI art generators. D．To present the powerful function of AI art generators. 29.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The efficiency of AI art generators. B．The benefits of AI art generators. C．The popularity of AI art generators. D．The functions of AI art generators. 30.What is a controversial issue about AI painting besides its copyright? A．Whether human artworks will be replaced by AI artworks. B．Who AI artworks will really belong to. C．Whether human artists are better than AI art generators. D．How AI painting can play a supportive role. 31.What does the underlined part “a gray area” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．A done deal. B．A give-and-take attitude. C．An ill-defined situation. D．A hard-to-get game. 【答案】28.D 29.B 30.A 31.C 【解析】 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI艺术生成器风靡网络，提高了创作效率，同时也引发争议，它是否取代人类绘画？AI艺术作品版权归属归谁所有？ 28.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“AI art generators have seemingly swept the Chinese Internet．In some paintings created by AI, an elderly man can be shown as a young animated image, and pets can be turned into adorable cartoon girls or boys.(AI艺术生成器似乎已席卷中国互联网。在AI创造的一些画作中，老人能被呈现为年轻的动画形象，宠物则可以变身可爱的卡通男孩或女孩)”可知，第二段中作者提到老人和宠物是为了呈现AI艺术生成器的强大功能。故选D。 29.主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Huang Ge, an illustrator from Shanghai, said that it usually takes him several hours or days to complete one illustration．But with AI art generators, the efficiency is greatly improved．“Also, the generators have many modification modes, and the picture can be modified directly in the painting software,” he added．Ding Jiao, a comic artist, considers the popularity of AI art generator s reasonable as many people who are not good at drawing can create great works through them.(来自上海的插画师黄戈表示，通常完成一幅插图他需要数小时乃至数天的时间。但借助AI艺术生成器，效率大大提升。“此外，生成器具备多种修改模式，画面可直接在绘图软件中进行调整，”他补充道。漫画家丁娇认为，AI艺术生成器的流行不无道理，许多不擅长绘画的人也能借此创作出佳作)”可知，第三段主要谈论AI生成器的优点。故选B。 30.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“So is Al painting gradually replacing human painting?(那么Al绘画正在逐渐取代人类绘画吗？)”可知，AI艺术作品是否会取代人类艺术作品是AI绘画除了版权之外的一个有争议的问题。故选A。 31.词句猜测题。根据划线词前“Another controversial issue is that there is no consensus of who owns the copyright of AI art.(另一个颇具争议的问题是，AI艺术的版权归属尚无共识)”及划线词后“whether these artworks belong to users, the digital tool developers or even AI(这些艺术作品究竟属于用户、数字工具开发者还是AI)”可知，划线词a gray area指的是关于AI艺术的版权处于一种模糊不清的状态。故选C。 （二十二） （23-24高二下·浙江省A9协作体·期中） It is now possible to generate fake but realistic content with little more than the click of a mouse. This can be fun: a TikTok account on which an artificial Tom Cruise wearing a purple robe sings Tiny Dancer of Paris Hilton holding a toy dog has attracted 5.1 million followers. However, this technology also causes challenges. Cheaters can copy loved ones’ voices with just ten seconds, and AI-generated celebrities advertise questionable products online. Fake videos of politicians are also spreading rapidly. The fundamental problem is an old one. From the printing press to the internet, new technologies have often made it easier to spread untruths or pretend to be the trustworthy. While humans have traditionally relied on shortcuts to detect fakes, such as spelling mistakes or strangely rendered (渲染的) hands in AI-generated images, these signs are becoming less reliable as AI continues to improve. The arms race between generating and detecting fakes currently favors the former, and it seems that eventually, AI models will be able to produce perfect fakes. This rapid advancement in AI technology raises serious concerns. For example, it could lead to a world where any photograph of a person can be used for blackmail (敲诈). Additionally, anyone could create a video of a political leader announcing a nuclear first strike, causing widespread panic. Despite these awful possibilities, societies will adapt to the rise of fake content. People will learn to distrust images, audio, or video as proof of events, similar to how they view drawings. Instead, the focus will shift to identifying the source of content, with reliable sources becoming increasingly important. It may sound strange, but this was true for most of history. While AI technology presents significant challenges, it is not the end of the marketplace of ideas. Over time, the fakes that rise will mostly be the funny ones. 28.What is the main concern over the ability of AI to generate realistic fake content? A．It makes people pretend to be someone else. B．It enables cheaters to promote fake products online. C．It causes arms race between generating and detecting fakes. D．It makes it difficult to distinguish the real content from the fake. 29.What are people advised to focus on when ensuring the reliability of content? A．Its source. B．Its visual quality. C．Its popularity. D．Its emotional impact. 30.What does the author convey in the last paragraph? A．Funny fakes will be the only one that rise in the future. B．The rise of fakes content will not destroy the exchange of ideas. C．People will find it necessary to distinguish AI-made content from reality. D．People will no longer trust any form of media owing to the flood of fakes. 31.What is the best title for the text? A．Fun and Fear of Videos: AI is Changing Our World B．AI-Generated Fakes: A Challenge to Truth and Trust C．From Laughs to Lies: The Impact of AI-Created Videos D．Dawn for Digital Art: Welcoming the Era of AI-Made Content 【答案】28.D 29.A 30.B 31.B 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今人工智能生成逼真的虚假内容导致人们很难区分真假内容的问题。 28.细节理解题。根据第三段“This rapid advancement in AI technology raises serious concerns．For example, it could lead to a world where any photograph of a person can be used for blackmail (敲诈)．Additionally, anyone could create a video of a political leader announcing a nuclear first strike, causing widespread panic．(人工智能技术的快速发展引发了严重的担忧。例如，它可能导致一个人的任何照片都可以被用来勒索的世界。此外，任何人都可以制作一段政治领导人宣布首次核打击的视频，引起广泛的恐慌)”可知，对于人工智能生成逼真的虚假内容的能力，人们主要的担忧是很难区分真假内容。故选D。 29.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Instead, the focus will shift to identifying the source of content, with reliable sources becoming increasingly important．(相反，重点将转移到识别内容的来源，可靠的来源变得越来越重要)”可知，在确保内容的可靠性时，建议人们关注来源。故选A。 30.主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It may sound strange, but this was true for most of history．While AI technology presents significant challenges, it is not the end of the marketplace of ideas．Over time, the fakes that r$$