U4 Period Ⅲ Grammar and usage-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

选择性必修第三册 Unit 4　Protecting our heritage sites Period Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 单元语法：Appositive clauses (同位语从句) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①I have the belief that some of you have heard about UNESCO heritage sites or maybe even visited one! ②They couldn't prevent the construction of the dam and they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters. ③At first，they had no idea which way could work. ④Hearing the news that you're ill and you have returned to Ireland, I feel very sorry. ⑤Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 我的发现： 　以上各句中黑体部分均为__________从句。 同位语 [知识精要] 一、同位语从句的概念 同位语从句是名词性从句的一种，在句中起同位语的作用，常位于fact, doubt, order, hope, wish, idea, news，promise，opinion，suggestion，truth，conclusion等表示抽象意义的名词后面，对该名词的具体内容做进一步的说明。 二、同位语从句的连接词 同位语从句通常由that引导，也可由whether, what, when, where, why, how等引导。 1. that引导的同位语从句 that引导同位语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，但是不可省略，也不可用which替换。 This leads Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. 这让琼斯得出结论，他的社区里有太多极度孤独的人，他们很容易成为被欺骗的目标。 2. whether引导的同位语从句 whether引导同位语从句时不充当任何句子成分，表示“是否”，不可以用if替换。 The question came up at the meeting whether we could get enough support for our research. 会议上提到了我们的研究能否获得足够的支持的问题。 3．连接代词引导的同位语从句 常见的引导同位语从句的连接代词有who，what等，引导同位语从句时保留自身的含义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当成分(作主语、宾语等)。 I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now. 我不知道那个男孩现在正在隔壁房间里干什么。 4．连接副词引导的同位语从句 常见的引导同位语从句的连接副词有when, where, how，why。它们在从句中作状语。 They haven't settled the question where they are going to spend their summer vacation this year. 他们还没有解决今年到哪里过暑假的问题。 I have no idea why the cell phone isn't working，so could you fix it for me? 我不知道手机为什么不能用了，你能帮我修一下吗？ [即学即练1]——单句语法填空 ①My original question ________ she did that has not been answered. ②Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom? ③He often asked me the question ____________ the work was worth doing. why what whether ④The question _______ should do the work requires consideration. ⑤Have your question _______ the party will begin been answered? who when 三、同位语从句的注意事项 1．有时同位语从句并不紧跟在它所要解释的词的后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使整个句子的结构显得平衡，这在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。 Word has spread on campus that some American students will come to our college for a visit next week. 一些美国学生下周要来我们学院参观的消息已经在校园里传开了。 2．表示建议、命令、要求等的名词(如suggestion, order, demand，command，request，advice等)后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。 The officer gave an order that his soldiers (should) fight back bravely. 军官命令士兵们勇敢反击。 3．名词doubt (怀疑)用于肯定句时，其后的同位语从句用whether引导；用于否定句时，其后的同位语从句用that引导。 There is no doubt that you are qualified enough and experienced in presenting your ideas, because of your abundant skills. 毫无疑问，因为你有丰富的技能，所以你有足够的资格和经验来表达你的想法。 We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我们有点怀疑，他们是否能按时完成任务。 [即学即练2]——单句语法填空 ①There is no doubt _____ the event will attract more visitors to enjoy visiting this wonderful city. ②His mother has some doubt ________ he can get along well with his new classmates. ③Our teacher gave us some advice how we ____________ (use) the computer. that whether (should) use 四、同位语从句和定语从句的区别 区别一 同位语从句中的连接词that仅起连接作用；定语从句中的连接词that既起连接作用，又在从句中充当某种成分 区别二 同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行解释说明；定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰或限定先行词 区别三 同位语从句所解释的名词一般为抽象名词；定语从句的先行词没有这方面的限制 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句，进一步解释the news的内容) The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(定语从句，指的是“你昨天告诉我的消息”) [即学即练3]——完成句子 ①科学家克隆大象的可能性可能成为现实。 The possibility _________________________________ may come true. ②这是科学家克隆出来的马。 This is the horse _______________________________. that scientists can clone an elephant (that) the scientists cloned [名师点津]　(1)同位语从句的简单判断方法：我们可以在名词和从句之间加be动词，若三者能构成一个结构及意义都完整的句子，那么该从句便是同位语从句。 (2)做考查同位语从句的题目时，首先要找准题干中的中心名词，然后结合语境和句子结构，判断出从句中缺少什么成分，根据“缺什么补什么，什么也不缺就用that或whether”的原则来选择连接词，如：缺少时间状语就用when, 缺少地点状语就用where，缺少方式状语就用how, 所填词表示“是否”就用whether，所填词既无具体意义也不作成分就用that。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The beauty of rereading lies in the idea ____ our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. 2．We all had no idea ________ would take the place of our former boss. 3．We'll discuss the problem ____________ we should go aboard the train. that who whether 4．We all agreed to his suggestion that we ____________ (go) to Dalian for sightseeing. 5．The experts gave some advice _____ consumers should avoid being cheated. (should) go how Ⅱ.完成句子 1．会议上经常提到在发达城市建设核电站是不是个好主意的问题。 The question was frequently referred to at the conference _________ _____________________________________________________． 2．毫无疑问，我们将受益于定期锻炼。 ____________________ we will benefit from regular exercise. it is a good idea to build nuclear power plants in developed cities　 whether There is no doubt that 3．医生给了我一些建议，让我待在家里好好休息。 The doctor gave me some advice ___________________________ _______________． 4．面对严峻的形势，他们不知道下一步该怎么办。 Facing the serious situation, they have no idea ________________________． 5．我们不知道他们是如何在一周内完成如此艰巨的任务的。 We have no idea _____________________________________ _______． that I (should) stay at home for a good rest how they could complete such a tough task in what they should do next a week 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The problem _______ she was so sad made us puzzled. 2．There's a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion _________ time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. 3．He must answer the question _________ he agrees with the opinion or not. 4．It's the manager's request that the work __________________ (finish) before 4 o'clock. why that whether (should) be finished 5．Many workers put forward the question ______ can take charge of the company. who 1．我们唯一的要求就是尽快解决这个问题。 This is our only request ___________________________________ ___________． 2．我们都怀疑他能否准时到来。 We all doubt ． that the question should be solved as soon as possible whether he will come on time 3．我们将如何帮助无家可归者的问题还没有讨论。 The problem ___________________________ has not been discussed. 4．人们不知道飞机去哪儿了。 People have no idea __________________________． 5．这些学生应该何时离校的消息还不清楚。 News hasn't been known ____________________________________． how we will help the homeless where the plane has gone when the students should leave school Ⅲ.阅读理解 A new course on world heritage and its conservation offers a good opportunity for the young people to learn about the heritage (遗产) of humanity and gain a sense of responsibility to help protect the planet we live on. According to a world heritage education programme jointly launched by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)and China's Ministry of Education, the course will first be offered at several schools in Beijing before being included as a mandatory course (必修课) for high school students nationwide. The new course covers photos, slide shows and documentaries on the magnificence of the world heritage sites.The class aims to tell children what world heritage is and why and how it should be protected.A total of 171 nations, including China, have signed the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Listed are 754 sites all over the world, of which 29 are in China—the third most after Spain and Italy.Currently, protection of the country's cultural and natural resources leaves much to be desired.Education is undoubtedly the best way to cultivate people's sense for protecting cultural and natural resources. The introduction of such a programme in Chinese classrooms will certainly help our young people realize the significance of common heritage, learning about world heritage sites, the history and traditions of different cultures, ecology, and the importance of protecting biological and cultural diversity. More importantly, it will help cultivate a sense of responsibility in the minds of young participants.This is critical in protecting these cultural and natural legacies, as well as our living environment and the limited resources for sustainable development. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一门关于世界遗产及其保护的新课程。 1．Which of the statements is TRUE according to the text? A．The course will first be offered at all the schools in Beijing. B．China ranks high among the countries with 29 sites listed on the list. C．Protection of the country's cultural and natural resources has been perfected thanks to people's efforts. D．The world heritage education programme was jointly launched by the United States and China's Ministry of Education. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A total of 171 nations...after Spain and Italy.”可知，列入文物保护名册的世界文化和自然遗产共754处，中国有29处，仅次于西班牙和意大利，排名较高。故选B。 2 3 1 4 2．What can't you expect to learn at the class? A．What world heritage is. B．Why we should protect world heritage. C．How to do slide shows in documentaries. D．How world heritage should be protected. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The class aims...should be protected.”可知，在课堂上可以学到什么是世界遗产，为什么以及如何保护世界遗产，不包括C项的内容。故选C。 2 3 1 4 3．What does the underlined word “cultivate” in the third paragraph probably mean? A．Develop.　　　　　　　 B．Employ. C．Appreciate. D．Affect. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。结合上下文“Currently，protection of...people's sense for protecting cultural and natural resources.”可知，目前，国家的文化和自然资源的保护还有许多不足之处。教育无疑是培养人们保护文化和自然资源意识的最佳途径。故画线单词意为“培养”。故选A。 2 3 1 4 4．What's the purpose of the text? A．To tell us an existing course. B．To tell us the way to protect the heritage. C．To inform us of the reason for protecting the heritage. D．To tell us heritage preservation starts with education. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 写作目的题。根据倒数第二段最后一句，结合文章介绍的世界遗产及其保护的新课程可推知，本文的目的是告诉我们遗产保护应从教育抓起。故选D。 2 3 1 4 Ⅳ.完形填空 One girl is being praised for a letter of apology she wrote to the rangers (园林管理员) at the National Parks Service (NPS).She reportedly 1 a rock home.In expressing her 2 ， the girl also returned the rock to the park.Later the NPS shared the letter on their blog page. “Dear Park Ranger, I 3 like Tom Branch Falls，” the girl, named Karina, began her letter.“I love it so much that I 4 to take a souvenir home.” “So I took a rock.I'm 5 ， and I want to return it，” she said.The heartfelt letter 6 with a postscript (附言) of “also look at the back”—where the girl 7 a picture of Tom Branch Falls. 8 for Karina, the park rangers were 9 by her sincere apology and even 10 back. “Dear Karina, thank you for returning the rock! It has made its way back to Tom Branch Falls.If every 11 took a rock home, that would 12 11 million rocks would be gone from the park every year，” the park officials wrote in their blog post. “Now that you know to leave 13 the way you find it, we hope you will help share this 14 with others，” the officials wrote.“It is always a 15 thing to give others the chance to discover something meaningful！” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个女孩因为喜欢Tom Branch瀑布，所以从那里带了一块石头回家，后来感到后悔，归还了石头，并写信向园林管理员道歉，园林管理员被她感动并给她回信，希望通过她的故事向更多人传递保护自然景观的信息。 2 3 1 4 1．A.sent B．took C．bought D．hid 答案：B 根据第三段中的“So I took a rock.”可知，女孩是带了一块石头回家，故空格处应用“took”。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.regret B．sadness C．happiness D．surprise 答案：A 根据空后“the girl also returned the rock to the park”可知，女孩把石头送回了公园，由此可知，她后悔把岩石带回家了，写信表达了自己的后悔。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.partly B．finally C．especially D．simply 答案：C 根据下文“I love it so much that I 4 to take a souvenir home.”和“So I took a rock.”可知，女孩太喜欢Tom Branch瀑布了，以至于她带了一块石头回家，由此可知，女孩应是特别喜欢Tom Branch瀑布。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.wanted B．feared C．asked D．agreed 答案：A 根据下文“So I took a rock.”可知，女孩带了一块石头回家，由此可知，女孩是想要带个纪念品回家。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.tired B．afraid C．sorry D．upset 答案：C 根据空后“I want to return it”可知，女孩想把石头还回去，由此可知，她是对自己的行为感到后悔，在信中向园林管理员道歉，“I'm sorry”意为“对不起，我很抱歉”。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.changed B．developed C．arrived D．ended 答案：D 根据空后“a postscript”可知，附言应该是放在信末的，故应是以“也看看后面”的附言结尾，“end with...”意为“以……结束”。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.cut B．drew C．hung D．found 答案：B 根据空后“a picture of Tom Branch Falls”可知，女孩应该是在信的后面画了一张Tom Branch瀑布的图片。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.Lucky B．Necessary C．Easy D．Possible 答案：A 结合下文“Dear Karina, thank you for returning the rock！”可知，园林管理员原谅了Karina并给她回信了，由此可知，Karina是幸运的。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.shocked B．excited C．puzzled D．moved 答案：D 结合下文“Dear Karina, thank you for returning the rock！”可知，园林管理员原谅了Karina并给她回信了，由此可知，他们被她真诚的道歉感动了。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.thought B．wrote C．called D．held 答案：B 结合下文“Dear Karina, thank you for returning the rock！”可知，园林管理员给Karina回信了，“write back”意为“回信”。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.child B．visitor C．farmer D．student 答案：B 根据空后“11 million rocks would be gone from the park every year”可知，公园每年的游客数量大约1 100万，由此可知，应该是如果每位游客都带着一块岩石回家，不仅限于儿童、农民或学生。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.show B．prove C．mean D．explain 答案：C 根据空前“If every...took a rock home”可知，公园每年的游客数量很多，如果每位游客都带着一块岩石回家，应该是意味着每年会有1 100万块岩石从公园里消失。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.life B．time C．space D．nature 答案：D 根据上文内容可知，女孩拿走的石头属于Tom Branch瀑布，由此可知，女孩把石头还了回来，证明她知道要让大自然保持原样，不能因为一己私欲而破坏它。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.message B．promise C．excuse D．example 答案：A 根据空前“you know to leave 13 the way you find it”可知，园林管理员希望女孩能够和别人分享“让大自然保持原样”这个信息，呼吁人们不要因为自己的喜好破坏公园里的自然景观。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.hard B．secret C．strange D．great 答案：D 根据空后“give others the chance to discover something meaningful”可知，让别人有机会发现有意义的事情应该是一件好事，呼应了上文园林管理员让女孩与别人分享保护公园自然景观这件事。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了樊锦诗为保护敦煌文化遗产做出的努力。 The Mogao Grottoes, a world-renowned 1. (culture) heritage site in Dunhuang, contains 735 caves and more than 45，000 square meters of murals.Their preservation could not have been done 2. the dedication of countless guardians across 3. (generation).Among them, Fan Jinshi, former president of the Dunhuang Academy, is an illustrative one. 1．考查词性转换。空处应用形容词cultural作定语修饰名词heritage site。故填cultural。 答案：cultural 2．考查介词。表示“没有”，用介词without。故填without。 答案： without 3．考查名词的单复数。generation为可数名词，表示几代人代代相传，用复数形式。故填generations。 答案：generations Fan first trekked all the way to Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in July 1963 shortly after 4. (graduate) from college.She kept a dream to protect the national cultural heritage 5. remained there for more than 50 years.Over the past decades, she 6. (put) down roots in the desert, as if her life and Dunhuang's have blended into one.Thus she has become known as “Daughter of Dunhuang”． 4．考查动名词。after后接动名词graduating作宾语。故填graduating。 答案： graduating 5．考查连词。根据句意可知，前后动词为顺承关系，用连词and连接。故填and。 答案：and 6．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据“Over the past decades”可知，本句应用现在完成时。主语为she，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has put。 答案： has put Fan has made outstanding contributions to the cause of “protecting, studying and carrying forward” Dunhuang Grottoes through her work.She was the first 7. (suggest) the “Digital Dunhuang” concept in the late 1980s to preserve the murals, 8. (paint) sculptures and historical data in Dunhuang Caves permanently.She also 9. (active) promoted the popularization of the Dunhuang culture. 7．考查动词不定式。此处为“the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式”句型，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to suggest。 答案：to suggest 8．考查词性转换。形容词painted作定语修饰名词sculptures。故填painted。 答案：painted 9．考查词性转换。副词actively作状语修饰动词promoted。故填actively。 答案：actively Now, 86-year-old Fan Jinshi，10. still works very hard to protect and manage the caves, is as busy as ever, “I've done all I could for Dunhuang，” she says. 10．考查定语从句。先行词为86-year-old Fan Jinshi，作非限制性定语从句的主语，关系代词为who。故填who。 答案：who $$