U3 Period Ⅴ Extended reading -【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

选择性必修第三册 Unit 3　Back to the past Period Ⅴ　Extended reading & Other parts 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 关键能力 互动探究 精读课文 理解语篇 精读课文 理解语篇 Part 1　教材原文助读   Hell comes to Pearl Harbor It was Sunday，December 7，1941.As usual①，the wake-up call came at 5：45 a．m.The men aboard② the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed③ their eyes.Seaman Russell Warriner was awakened by Quartermaster Louis Conter.Russell made his bed④ and helped clean the huge, shared room.The men went to the washroom⑤，dressed in their uniforms⑥ and sat down to breakfast.It looked like it would be a normal day on board⑦the ship. ①as usual 像往常一样 ②aboard/ə'bɔːd/prep.& adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等) ③rub/rʌb/vi.& vt.擦，磨，搓；(使)相互摩擦 ④make one's bed 整理床铺 ⑤washroom/'wɒʃruːm/n.洗手间，厕所 ⑥uniform/'juːnIfɔːm/n.制服；队服 adj.一致的，统一的 ⑦on board在船上，在飞机上 地狱降临珍珠港 那一天是1941年12月7日，星期日。和往常一样，起床的号声在凌晨5点45分吹响。在美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰上的人们伸了伸懒腰，揉了揉眼睛。拉塞尔·沃里纳海员被路易·孔泰军需官喊醒。拉塞尔整理好床铺，帮忙收拾好共用的大房间。他们上了洗手间，穿上制服，坐下来吃早饭。那一天仿佛会是船上一个寻常的日子。 But nobody ate their breakfast: at that moment, there was a huge crashing sound from above.The ship shook violently⑧ and the men looked at each other in horror⑨.Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles⑩.They were diving⑪ down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor.The scream of their engines was deafening⑫.As bombs thundered⑬ all around, clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.Russell felt his blood freeze⑭， but he quickly came to himself⑮ and rushed up to the deck⑯.Moments later, a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell was thrown more than 100 meters across the ship.He suffered serious burns on his hands, arms and legs, and watched many of his friends die. 本句为复合句。as在句中引导时间状语从句。 ⑧violently/'vaIələntli/adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地 violent adj.暴力的；强暴的；感情强烈的 violence n．暴力；暴行；狂热 ⑨in horror惊恐地；恐惧地 ⑩eagle/'iːɡl/n.雕 ⑪dive/daIv/vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 diver n．潜水员 diving n．潜水 ⑫deafen v．使震得耳朵发聋；使聋；使听不见 deaf adj.聋的；耳聋的人 ⑬thunder/'θʌndə(r)/vi.轰隆隆地响；打雷n.雷，雷声 ⑭freeze/friːz/ vi.& vt.(froze, frozen)突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵 freezer n．冷藏箱，冷冻柜，冰柜 freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的 ⑮come to oneself苏醒过来；恢复知觉 ⑯deck/dek/n.甲板，舱面 但是，他们都没吃成早饭：就在那一刻，头顶上方传来了巨大的轰隆声。船体猛烈摇晃，他们都惊恐地望着对方。数百架日军飞机像老鹰一样盘旋在他们头顶上方。它们正俯冲下来，将炸弹投向珍珠港。引擎的轰鸣声震耳欲聋。四周炸弹发出轰隆隆的声音，滚滚黑烟升腾入空，笼罩着海面。拉塞尔感到自己的血液都凝固了，但是他很快镇定下来，冲上了甲板。片刻以后，一枚炸弹就击中了“亚利桑那号”战列舰，将拉塞尔甩过船身一百多米远。他的双手、双臂和双腿都严重烧伤，他眼见着许多朋友死去。 Louis, meanwhile⑰， also standing on the deck, was lucky not to be thrown into the sea.With only minor injuries, he was able to help others who were severely burnt and in terrible pain.After receiving the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water, dragging⑱ them into the lifeboat.In the chaos⑲ and confusion⑳ after the attack, the US Navy㉑ sent a message to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack.Luckily, he was able to get in touch with㉒ them before the message arrived.Despite his remarkable㉓ actions, Louis did not think that he was a hero.“The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day，”he said. 本句为简单句。standing on the deck为现在分词短语作伴随状语。 本句为复合句。who在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词others。 本句为简单句。dragging them into the lifeboat为现在分词短语作伴随状语。 本句为复合句。that在句中引导同位语从句，作message的同位语。 本句为复合句。that在句中引导宾语从句。 本句为复合句。that在句中引导定语从句。 ⑰meanwhile/'miːnwaIl/adv.同时；其间；对比之下 ⑱drag/dræɡ/vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 ⑲chaos/'keIɒs/n.混乱，杂乱 ⑳confusion n．困惑；混淆 ㉑navy/'neIvi/n.海军，海军部队 ㉒get in touch with和……取得联系(动作) ㉓remarkable adj.不寻常的，奇特的，值得注意的 remarkably adv.不寻常地，突出地 与此同时，路易也站在甲板上，很幸运没有被甩到大海里。他只受了轻伤，能够帮助其他重度烧伤并疼痛难忍的人。在接到弃船的命令后，路易又从水里救上来更多的人，将他们拖到救生艇上。在袭击之后的混乱中，美国海军给他的家人送去一条消息，称路易已经在袭击中丧生了。幸运的是，他成功地在消息抵达之前与家人取得了联络。尽管路易表现出色，但他并不认为自己是个英雄。“真正的英雄是在那一天献出生命的人。”他说。 Russell was saved from the water, but he was badly burnt, bleeding㉔ heavily．F8Fortunately, he was taken to hospital and survived㉕.For many years, Russell refused to talk about what happened that morning, describing it simply as“hell”．9 His wife Elsa said, “When he opened up㉖ later on, he always mentioned the horror of it.” 8 本句为并列句。bleeding heavily为现在分词短语作伴随状语。 9 本句为复合句。what引导宾语从句，describing it simply as “hell”为现在分词短语作状语。 ㉔bleed/bliːd/vi.(bled，bled)失血，流血 ㉕survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还 vt.比……活得长；(经过……)活(保存)下来；幸免于 survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存 ㉖open up变得健谈 落入水中的拉塞尔被救了上来，但是他严重烧伤，大量出血。幸运的是，他被送到医院，存活了下来。多年以来，拉塞尔都拒绝谈论那天上午发生的事情，只是简单地将它描述成“地狱”。他的妻子埃尔莎说：“后来当他敞开了心扉，总是提起那件事有多恐怖。” Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack, but they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona. 10 Nobody had expected the bombing.Japan had hatched㉗ a plot㉘ to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on㉙ the United States.The attack destroyed nearly 20 American ships and over 180 airplanes.In total㉚， more than 2，000 American people were killed and over 1，000 others were wounded that day.More than 1，000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives㉛.Out of 37 sets of brothers, Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack. 10 本句为并列句。to be among the few survivors from the Arizona为不定式作原因状语。 ㉗hatch/hætʃ/vt.密谋，策划；使孵出vi.孵化；孵出 ㉘plot/plɒt/n.阴谋；故事情节 vi.& vt.密谋 ㉙declare war on...向……宣战 ㉚in total 总共 ㉛lose one's life 丧生 路易和拉塞尔永远都不会忘记那次袭击的可怕场面，但是他们又足够幸运，成为“亚利桑那号”少数的幸存者。谁也没有预料到这场空袭。日本密谋了对珍珠港的偷袭，所以袭击发起之时，没有预警，没有对美国宣战。这场突袭摧毁了近20艘美国舰船和180多架飞机。那一天总共有2 000多名美国人遇害，另有1 000多人受伤。“亚利桑那号”上有1 000多人失去了生命。在船上的37对兄弟里，只有拉塞尔和他的兄弟在袭击中幸存下来。 The surprise attack came as a great shock㉜ to the whole nation.The next day，President Roosevelt delivered㉝ his famous Pearl Harbor Speech, in which he described December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy㉞” and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan. 11 In response to the attack and the president's address, the United States joined the Second World War. 11 本句为复合句。in which 在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词Pearl Harbor Speech；第二个which引导定语从句，修饰先行词date；that引导宾语从句。 ㉜shock n．休克；打击；震惊 vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 ㉝deliver vt.发表(演说等)；递送；生(小孩儿)；接生 ㉞infamy/'Infəmi/n.臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶 这场突袭震惊了整个国家。次日，罗斯福总统发表了他著名的《珍珠港演说》，他在演讲中将12月7日描述成“活在耻辱中的日子”，并要求美国国会向日本宣战。美国加入了第二次世界大战，对这场袭击和总统演说做出了回应。 Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank㉟：in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.Its location㊱ is marked with㊲ a memorial㊳ shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship's sunken remains. 12 Each year, more than two million people visit the memorial.They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, to learn about the attack, to show respect for㊴ those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray㊵ for world peace. 13 Although about eight decades has passed, the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the darkest episodes㊶ in American history, will never be forgotten. 14 12 本句为复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句；shaped like a bridge 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 memorial。 13 本句为复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。 14 本句为复合句。although引导让步状语从句。 ㉟sink/sIŋk/vi.& vt.(sank，sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 ㊱location n．地点，位置 locate v．定位，位于 be located on/in/at＝lie in位于 ㊲be marked with 用……标示/标记 ㊳memorial/mə'mɔːriəl/n.纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物 ㊴show respect for 尊敬；敬重 ㊵pray/preI/ vi.& vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 pray for为……祈祷 ㊶episode/'epIsəʊd/n.一段经历，片段；一集 今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。一座形似桥梁的纪念馆横跨在沉船残骸上，标示出它的方位。每年都有两百多万人参观这座纪念馆。他们前去一睹珍珠港底部沉船的影子，了解那次突袭，向在灾难中失去生命的人致意，并祈祷世界和平。尽管珍珠港遇袭已经过去了大约八十年，但它仍然是美国历史上最黑暗的时刻之一，永远都不会被人们遗忘。 Part 2　语篇研析 Ⅰ.厘清文章层次结构 Hell comes to Pearl Harbor Part 1：Before the attack (Para.1) On December 7，1941, the men 1.____________ the warship USS Arizona woke up as usual. aboard Hell comes to Pearl Harbor Part 2：During the attack (Para.2－3) At the time of breakfast, hundreds of Japanese planes 2.____________ and 3.__________ bombs on Pearl Harbor, which led to many men's death.Russell suffered serious 4._________ and with only minor injuries, Louis helped others and 5.__________ many men from the water. circled dropped burns saved Hell comes to Pearl Harbor Part 3：After the attack (Para.4－6) Russell 6.____________ to hospital and survived but refused to talk about what happened that morning.He and Louis felt they were 7.__________ enough to survive the attack with more than 2，000 American people killed and over 1，000 others wounded and more than 1，000 people aboard the Arizona losing their lives.8.____________________ the attack and the president's address, the United States joined the Second World War. was taken fortunate In response to Hell comes to Pearl Harbor Part 4：Now (Para.7) Today the USS Arizona lies where it sank and its location is marked with a memorial 9.____________ like a bridge.Each year, more than two million people visit the memorial 10.______________________ those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace. shaped to show respect for Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案 1．Why didn't the men aboard the warship USS Arizona eat their breakfast? A．Because there was a huge crashing sound from above. B．Because they didn't get up at 5：45 a．m. C．Because the breakfast wasn't prepared. D．Because they were making their beds. 答案：A 2．Which of the following statements about Louis is WRONG? A．He helped others severely burnt and in terrible pain. B．He saved many men from water by dragging them into the lifeboat. C.He was thrown into the sea. D．He got in touch with his family after the attack. 答案：C 3．Why did the attack bring about such serious consequences to the United States? A．Because the men on board were not allowed to abandon the ship. B．Because men aboard USS Arizona didn't want to defend the ship. C．Because the men on board were still in bed. D．Because the attack began without warning and without declaring war on the United States. 答案：D 4．What are the reasons for people to visit the memorial crossing the USS Arizona's sunken remains? A．To see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor. B．To learn about the attack. C．To show respect for those losing their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace. D．All the above. 答案：D Ⅲ.课文语法填空 Hell comes to Pearl Harbor It was Sunday, December 7，1941.As usual, the wake－up call 1.______ (come) at 5：45 a．m. It looked like it would be a normal day on board the ship. came Suddenly, the ship shook violently and the men looked at each other in horror.The scream of Japanese planes' engines was deafening.Russell felt his blood freeze, but he quickly came to 2._________ (he) and rushed up to the deck.Moments later, a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell 3.___________ (throw) more than 100 meters across the ship.Louis was lucky not to be thrown into the sea.With only minor injuries, he was able to help others 4._______ were severely burnt and in terrible pain.After 5._________ (receive) the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water, himself was thrown who receiving dragging them into the lifeboat.Russell was saved from the water, but he was badly burnt, bleeding 6.____________ (heavy).Fortunately, he was taken to hospital and survived.For many years, Russell refused 7.____________ (talk) about what happened that morning, describing it simply as “hell”． heavily to talk Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack，8._____ they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona.9.___ total, more than 2，000 American people were killed and over 1，000 others were wounded that day.More than 1，000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives.Although about eight decades has passed, the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the 10.__________ (dark) episodes in American history, will never be forgotten. but In darkest Ⅳ.句式分析和翻译 1．Russell felt his blood freeze, but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck. [句式分析]　此句是并列复合句，_______是表示转折关系的并列词，第二个分句中，he是主语，came和rushed为____________。 [自主翻译]　___________________________________________ ______________________________________ but　 并列谓语 拉塞尔感到自己的血液都凝固了，但是他很快镇定下来，冲上了甲板。 2．They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor，to learn about the attack，to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句，主句是_________结构，四个并列的_______________作目的状语；who引导_________从句，修饰先行词________。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 主谓 动词不定式短语　 定语　 those 他们前去一睹珍珠港底部沉船的影子，了解那次突袭，向在灾难中失去生命的人致意，并祈祷世界和平。 3．Although about eight decades has passed，the attack on Pearl Harbor，one of the darkest episodes in American history，will never be forgotten. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句，although引导____________从句，主句中the attack on Pearl Harbor是_______，one of the darkest episodes in American history是the attack on Pearl Harbor的____________。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 让步状语　 主语 同位语 尽管珍珠港遇袭已经过去了大约八十年，但它仍然是美国历史上最黑暗的时刻之一，永远都不会被人们遗忘。 关键能力 互动探究 词汇识记 1．literary adj.文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的   Interestingly, the calligrapher Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote in his The Orchid Pavilion about how literary men composed poetry while drinking from cups left floating and moving along the winding river.有趣的是，东晋的书法家王羲之在他的《兰亭集序》中写道，文人们一边喝着漂浮在蜿蜒河面上的杯中酒，一边写诗。 This is often done in the literature for some reason.出于某种原因，文献中经常这样做。 literature n．文学；文献；著作 2.extensively adv.广阔地；广泛地   All these issues have been extensively researched in recent years.这些问题近年来都得到了广泛的研究。 The theme of this conference is relevant to the extension of retirement age.这次会议的主题与延长退休年龄有关。 Extensive advertising can cause a factitious demand for an article.大量的广告会引起对某种商品的人为需求。 extensive adj.广泛的；大量的；广阔的 extension n．拓展；延伸 3. facilitate vt.使便利，促进 To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.为了促进我们不良习惯的积极改变，我们必须首先审视我们的不良习惯周期，然后尽力去改变它们。 4.sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好 She spent a whole afternoon sorting out her stamps.她花了整整一个下午整理她的邮票。 5.available adj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的 6.prison n．监狱 Yesterday the thief who stole the important documents was arrested and sentenced to prison. 昨天，那个盗取重要文件的小偷被逮捕并被判入狱。 7.minister n．大臣，部长 8.exceptional adj.杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的   The company has shown exceptional growth over the past two years.该公司在过去两年中表现出了非凡的成长。 All passed the examination with the exception of two students.除了两个学生外，所有人都通过了考试。 exception n．例外；例外的事物 9.phrase n．成语，习语；短语，词组 If you use some phrases in your composition, it will improve a lot.如果你在作文中使用一些短语，将会提升很多。 10.format n．总体安排，设计；版式 To tell you the truth，I am in sympathy with the way you polished the format of the article.说实话，我很赞同你润色文章格式的方式。 11.shelf n．(pl.shelves)(书架等的)架子，搁板 The officials asked local stores and supermarkets to remove the products from their shelves.官员们要求当地商店和超市将这些产品从货架上撤下来。 12.adopt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养vi.领养，收养   Mr.White is the adopted son of Mrs.Green, who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago.Thanks to her adoption, Mr.White received good education and became an engineer.怀特先生是格林夫人的养子，格林夫人在 20 年前怀特先生的父母去世时收养了他。多亏她的收养，怀特先生接受了良好的教育并成为一名工程师。 adopted adj.被采用的；收养的 adoption n．采纳；采用；收养 13.comparison n．对比；比较     Many parents often compare their children with other children in order to push their own children improve.But in fact, this comparison is harmful to children. 许多父母经常拿自己的孩子和其他孩子比较，以推动自己的孩子进步。但实际上，这种比较对孩子是有害的。 compare vt.比较；把……比作 vi.相比 n．比较 14.pack vt.& vi.塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包；包装n.包，包裹；小盒，小包 The goods are packed in dozens and shipped in scores all over the world.这些货物被装成每十二个一件，并被大批运往世界各地。 15.contrary adj.相反的，相对立的；截然不同的   He never kept away from the backward students; on the contrary, he was always willing to help them.他从不排斥学习成绩落后的学生；相反，他总是乐于帮助他们。 contrary to 与……相反 16.hell n．地狱；苦难的经历，悲惨的境况 17．aboard prep.& adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等)　 So enthusiastic about the expedition to Antarctica was Perce that he secretly went aboard Endurance.珀斯对南极探险如此热情，以至于他偷偷登上了“耐力号”。 18.rub vt.& vi.擦，磨，搓；(使)相互摩擦 To warm himself, the sailor sat beside the fire, rubbing one bare foot against the other.为了取暖，那个水手坐在炉火边，两只赤脚互相蹭着。 19.washroom n．洗手间，厕所　 They went to the washroom, dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast.他们上了洗手间，穿上制服，坐下来吃早餐。 20.uniform n．制服；队服adj.一致的，统一的 With my name sewn on my school uniform, others won't take it by mistake.把我的名字缝在校服上，别人就不会拿错它了。 Chips should be cut into uniform size and thickness.土豆条要切得大小厚薄均匀。 21.violently adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地   Kids shouldn't have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see and behave violently.孩子们不应该接触到暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的东西，表现粗暴。 violence n．暴力；暴行 violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的 22.eagle n．雕 Upon detecting an injured eagle, the park ranger immediately called for veterinary assistance.在发现一只受伤的雕后，公园管理员立即呼叫兽医援助。 23.dive vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 The swimmer emerged from the lake, took a deep breath and then made another dive into the lake.游泳者从湖中浮出水面，深吸了一口气，然后再次跳入湖中。 Witnesses said the plane failed to pull out of a dive and smashed down in a field.目击者说飞机未能从俯冲状态下重新拉起，坠毁在了田间。 24.thunder vi.轰隆隆地响；打雷n.雷，雷声 The rain storm, accompanied by lightning and thunder, lasted about an hour.暴风雨伴随着闪电和雷声，持续了大约一个小时。 The day was heavy and still.It would probably thunder later.天色阴沉，一丝风也没有。或许马上就要打雷。 25.freeze vi.& vt.(froze, frozen) 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵     On such freezing weather, all the rivers were frozen and even fresh snow froze instantly, which made it rather difficult for us to move about.在这样寒冷的天气里，所有河流都结冰了，甚至连新雪都瞬间结冰，这让我们行动起来相当困难。 freezing adj.极冷的，严寒的 frozen adj.冷冻的，冻僵的 26.deck n．甲板，舱面 Louis, meanwhile, also standing on the deck, was lucky not to be thrown into the sea.与此同时，路易斯也站在甲板上，很幸运没有被甩到大海里。 27.meanwhile adv.同时；其间；对比之下 Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of regular study a year, with one break per quarter.与此同时，城市学生每年通常有多达48周的常规学习时间，每季度休息一次。 28.drag vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 My friends try to drag me away from my phone, but as soon as I'm alone again, I'm desperate to get back to the online world and the intense activities that it provides.我的朋友们试图让我远离手机，但一旦我再次独自一人，我就会不顾一切地回到网络世界和它提供的激烈活动中去。 29.chaos n．混乱，杂乱 In the chaos and confusion after the attack, the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack.在袭击之后的混乱中，美国海军给他的家人发送了一条消息，称路易斯在袭击中丧生了。 30.navy n．海军，海军部队 Fortunately, I managed to join the navy and went on a voyage two months later.幸运的是，我设法加入了海军，两个月后出海航行。 31.bleed vi.(bled, bled) 失血，流血   The victim was found bleeding on the ground and asking for help.受害者被发现时流血倒在地上，正在寻求帮助。 One woman was carried from the scene of the accident with blood streaming from her head.一名妇女头部流着血，被抬离事故现场。 blood n．血，血液；血统 bleeding n．出血；渗色 32.hatch vt.密谋，策划；使孵出vi.孵化；孵出 The young birds disappeared soon after they were hatched.幼鸟孵化后不久就消失了。 What impresses me most about sea horses is that the males would hatch the eggs.海马令我印象最深的是雄性海马会孵蛋。 33.plot n．阴谋；故事情节vi.& vt.密谋 The director had to take criticism for his film's lack of character development and predictable plot twists.导演不得不接受批评，因为他的电影缺乏人物发展和可预测的情节转折。 A plot was hatched with secrecy.一个阴谋正在暗中策划着。 34.infamy n．臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶 The position's infamy was part of the reason for the journal's name.该职位的声名狼藉是该杂志命名的部分原因。 35.sink vi.& vt.(sank, sunk) 下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 The sun had sunk in the west when only a small part of their crops were harvested.And when they heard that there was going to be a rainstorm the following morning, their hearts sank.当他们只收获了一小部分庄稼时，太阳已经西沉了。当他们听说第二天早上将有一场暴风雨时，他们的心都沉了下来。 36.memorial n．纪念碑(或像等); 纪念物     In order for them to be memorized, the local people carved the heroes' names on the memorial.为了让人们记住他们，当地人把英雄的名字刻在纪念碑上。 memorize vt.记住，背熟；记忆 memory n．记忆，记忆力；内存，存储器；回忆 37.pray vi.& vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 Therefore, performing the lion dance became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety, and happiness.因此，舞狮成为人们祈求好运、平安和幸福的一种习俗。 38.episode n．一段经历，片段；一集 Directed by two Chinese vloggers, the three-episode series tells the story of how a Chinese cultural relic escapes from the British Museum and finds its way back to China.该剧由两位中国博主执导，共三集，讲述了一件中国文物如何从大英博物馆逃回中国的故事。 39.textile n．纺织品；(textiles) 纺织业 He owns a factory producing a range of textiles.他拥有一家生产各种纺织品的工厂。 40.reform vt.改进，改良，改革n.改革，改良 She thought she could reform him.她觉得她能让他洗心革面。 41.output n．产量，输出量 With new technologies applied to the production process, the output has increased by 40%.随着新技术应用到生产过程，产量增加了40%。 42.cloth n．织物，布料 I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent.我在风拍打篷布的声音中醒来。 Chinese kites, using simple materials such as wood and cloth, were often made to feature the shapes of birds.中国的风筝，使用简单的材料，如木头和布，经常被制作成鸟的形状。 43.shift n．改变，转移；轮班vi.& vt.(使)移动，(使)转移；改变 Lend me a hand to shift this box, will you？帮我搬一下这个箱子，好吗？ This accident caused a dramatic shift in public opinion. 这个事故引起了公众舆论的戏剧性改变。 44.cottage n．小屋，村舍   At the top of the hill lies an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.山顶上有一座古老的小屋，从那里可以看到整个城市的美景。 Cottage industries have sprung up in many developing nations to search for the recyclable and precious metals inside the waste.在许多发展中国家，寻找废物中的可回收贵金属的家庭手工业如雨后春笋般涌现。 cottage industry 家庭手工业 默写练习 【限时：15分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．____________ adj.文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的 2．____________ adv.广阔地；广泛地 3．____________ vt.使便利，促进 4．____________ adj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的 5．____________ adj.杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的 literary extensively facilitate available exceptional 6．________ vt.& vi.塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包，包装 n．包，包裹；小盒，小包 7．__________ prep.& adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等) 8．___________ n．制服；队服 adj.一致的，统一的 9．_______ vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n．冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 pack aboard uniform dive 10．_______ vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 11．_______ vt.密谋，策划；使孵出 vi.孵化；孵出 12．______ n．阴谋；故事情节 vi.& vt.密谋 13．________ vi.& vt.下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 14．_______ vt.改进，改良，改革 n．改革，改良 15．_______ n．改变，转移；轮班 vi.& vt.(使)移动，(使)转移；改变 drag hatch plot sink reform shift 16．_________ vi.失血，流血→_______ n．血液→____________ adj.流血的；同情的 17．_______ vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养→__________ adj.被收养的；被采用的→____________ n．收养；采用 18．____________ n．比较；对比→____________ v．比较，对比；与……类似；把……比作 bleed blood bleeding adopt adopted adoption comparison　 compare 19．__________ adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地→_________ n．暴力；暴行→_________ adj.暴力的；猛烈的 20．______ vi.& vt.突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→__________ adj.冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的，严寒的；(雾、雨)冻的 n．冰点→____________ adj.冻僵的；冷冻的 21．____________ n．纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物→____________ vt.记住，背熟；记忆→____________ n．记忆，记忆力；内存，存储器；回忆 violently violence violent freeze freezing frozen memorial　 memorize　 memory Ⅱ.默写核心短语 1．________________ 与……相反 2．________________ 祈祷，祈求 3．________________ 整理床铺 4．________________ 苏醒，醒悟，恢复知觉 5．________________ 和……取得联系 contrary to pray for make one's bed come to oneself get in touch with 6．___________ 敞开心扉 7．__________ 总共，总计 8．____________________ 对……宣战，向……宣战 9．________________ 对……作出反应 10．____________ 理顺，整理；把……安排好 open up in total declare war on/against in response to sort out Ⅲ.词形变化填空 1．It is ____________ (freeze) cold outside.Would you mind lending your car to me? Mine is under repair. 2．Domestic ____________ (violent) is a constant occurrence in some families where husbands are in a bad temper. freezing violence 3．The amount of carbon dioxide released by human activities such as burning coal and oil is visibly small in ____________ (compare). 4．The reason for its success owes much to the speakers' large ____________ (adopt) of wonderful phrases and idioms. comparison adoption Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．We urged them to ________ the problem sooner rather than later. 2．____________ what many people think, HIV cannot be spread through mosquitoes, a cough or sneeze, or by merely touching someone with AIDS. sort out Contrary to 3．Millions of people gave freely ________________ the appeal for the victims of the earthquake. 4．This gives you an opportunity to ___________ and bless the other，thereby blessing yourself in this manner. 5．The president announced that the country would ______________________ its neighboring country. in response to pray for declare war on/against 词汇精研 1.sort out理顺，整理；把……安排好 [教材原文] However, his work proved difficult, because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. 但是，他的工作其实很艰难，因为整理所有可利用的资源并核查史料的事实需要付出艰辛的努力。 (1)sort sth.into把……分成 sort through分类，整理 sort oneself out处理自己的事 (2)sort of＝kind of有几分，有点儿 a sort of 一种；有点 all sorts of各种各样的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Sort ______ all your bills, receipts, invoices and expenses as quickly as possible and keep detailed accounts. ②This kind of problem is sort _______ difficult for a boy of twelve. ③新方法广泛适用于各种各样的问题。 The new approach has wide applicability to ____________ problems. out of all sorts of ④在他整理旧报纸时突然停电了。 He ______________________________________ there was a power failure. was sorting out the old newspapers when 2.available adj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的 (availability n．可用性；有效性；实用性) [教材原文] However, his work proved difficult, because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. 但是，他的工作其实很艰难，因为整理所有可利用的资源并核查史料的事实需要付出艰辛的努力。 (1)be available to sb.对某人有用 be available to do sth.可以做某事 (2)the availability of ……的可用性 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Before travelling we must ensure the ____________ (available) of petrol and oil. ②雕版印刷术的发明使更多人可以接触到文字。 Block printing was invented, making the written word ____________ to vastly greater people. availability available 3.adopt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养(adopted adj.被采用的；被收养的 adoption n．采纳；采用；收养) [教材原文] The authors adopt a natural, chatty style of writing that opens up the subject matter to the ordinary reader. 作者采用一种自然的、闲聊式的写作风格，将主题面向普通读者。 adopt sb./sth.as...收养/挑选某人/某物为…… adopted son/daughter养子/养女；义子/义女 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The family have adopted a homeless child _____ their own. ②Since the ____________ (adopt) of the new working method，production has gone up. ③尽管我们面临着巨大的压力，但我们应该采取乐观的态度。 In spite of the fact that we are facing great pressure，________________________________． as adoption we should adopt an optimistic attitude [巧学助记]　 adopt与 adapt形近义不同 adopt与adapt在拼写上只有一个字母之差，但在意义上却大相径庭。adapt意为“(使)适应；改编”。 4.comparison n．对比；比较(compare vt.比较；把……比作 vi.相比 n．比较) [教材原文] Also, they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly... 此外，他们经常用故事和有趣的对比来生动地描述历史人物或事件…… (1)by comparison通过对比，相比之下 make a comparison 进行比较 in comparison (with) 相比之下；与……比较 beyond comparison 无与伦比 (2)compare A and/with　B比较A和B compare A to B 把A比作B compared to/with 和……比起来；相比之下 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①It is difficult to make a ____________ (compare) with her previous book—they are completely different. ②____________ (compare) with the French, the British eat less fish. ③(应用文写作之人物介绍) 和其他学生相比，麦克更加勤勉一些。 →____________________ other students, Mike is more diligent. (comparison) →__________________ other students, Mike is more diligent. (compare) comparison Compared In comparison with Compared with/to 5.pack vt.& vi.塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾，打包；包装 n．包，包裹；小盒，小包(packed adj.挤满人的；装满的) [教材原文] Packed with vivid descriptions and fun facts, this type of history book is highly readable and true to life. 这种类型的历史书充满了生动的描述和有趣的事实，可读性很强，真实可信。 (1)pack up 整理；把……打包 pack...into...挤进……里；塞进 (2)a pack of一包(盒、捆、群)…… (3)packed with sth.有大量……的；……极多的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We won't have lunch together, so you need to take a _________ (pack) lunch with you. ②These books need to be packed ______ a box. ③我们避开了一群在外面等待的记者。 We avoided ____________ journalists waiting outside. packed into a pack of　 6.contrary adj.相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 [教材原文] Contrary to popular history books, most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying history. 与通俗历史读物相反，大多数学术著作倾向于采用更具分析性、更严肃的方式来研究历史。 contrary to与……相反，违反 the contrary相反的事实(或事情、情况) on the contrary恰恰相反 quite the contrary恰恰相反，正相反 to the contrary相反的(地) [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Contrary _____ popular belief, many cats dislike milk. ②I will expect to see you on Sunday unless I hear anything ______ the contrary. ③你没有让我们厌烦。相反，你精彩的演讲让我们很感兴趣。 You were not boring us.__________________，your wonderful speech interested us a lot. to to　 On the contrary 7.aboard prep.& adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等) [board n．木板；布告牌；董事会 v．上(飞机、轮船、火车等)；寄宿； broad adj.宽的，辽阔的；广博的，丰富的； abroad adv.在国外，到国外] [教材原文] The men aboard the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed their eyes. 在美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰上的人们伸了伸懒腰，揉了揉眼睛。 (1)on board 在船上；在飞机上 boarding school 寄宿学校 (2)go abroad 出国 [即学即练]——选词填空(aboard/board/broad/abroad) ①When he was ________ on business, he picked up some spoken English. ②The boy arrived in Shanghai at dawn and was impressed with the high buildings and _______ streets. ③It was reported that the plane crashed，killing all 157 passengers _______． ④After getting all the work done, we put up a ________ reminding people to protect the trees. abroad broad aboard board 8.dive vt.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n．冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 (diver n．潜水员) [教材原文] They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. 它们正俯冲下来，将炸弹投向珍珠港。 dive into...跳入……中；冲进(建筑群或人群中) dive in 热切地开始 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The bird dived _________ the river swiftly to look for food. ②The girl dreamed of becoming a deep sea ____________ (dive). ③路人冲进附近的咖啡店躲避大雨。 The passers－by ___________ the near coffee shop to avoid the heavy rain. into diver dived into 9.freeze vi.& vt.(froze, frozen) 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵 (freezing adj.极冷的，严寒的 frozen adj.冷冻的，冻僵的) [教材原文] Russell felt his blood freeze, but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck. 拉塞尔感到自己的血液都凝固了，但是他很快镇定下来，冲上了甲板。 (1)freeze (sb.) to death (把某人)冻死 freeze with terror吓得僵住了 (2)freezing cold 极其寒冷 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Sadly, the little match girl was ____________ (freeze) to death on New Year's Eve. ②It's ____________ (freeze) cold outside, so you'd better wear your thick coat. ③____________ (freeze) fish is a very healthy convenience food. ④(读后续写之恐惧) 当门慢慢打开时，我吓得僵住了。 I __________________ as the door slowly opened. frozen freezing Frozen froze with terror 10.pray vi.& vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 [教材原文] They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, to learn about the attack, to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace. 他们前去一睹珍珠港底部沉船的影子，了解那次突袭，向在灾难中失去生命的人致意，并祈祷世界和平。 pray for 为……祈祷 pray to 向……祈祷 pray that...祈祷…… [即学即练]——完成句子 ①我们正祈祷明天能有个好天气。 We ________________________ a fine day tomorrow. ②所有的学生都祈祷考试不难。 All the students _____________ the examination won't be difficult. are praying for pray that　 句式剖析 1.不定式短语作定语 [教材原文] Out of 37 sets of brothers, Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack. 在船上的37对兄弟里，只有拉塞尔和他的兄弟在袭击中幸存下来。 (1)to survive the attack为不定式短语在句中作定语修饰the only full pair。 (2)常用不定式短语作定语的情况有： ①当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词的最高级及the next, the only, the last, the very等词修饰时； ②一些抽象名词常用动词不定式作定语，常见的有way, plan, ability, chance, opportunity, wish, reason等。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I think the best way ____________ (strength) willpower is to make it a habit. ②I hope my plan ____________ (make) a voyage will be carried out in the near future. to strengthen to make ③There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts ____________ (contact) you failed. ④(应用文写作之申请信) 我写这封信是希望有机会成为我们学校英语协会的一名志愿者。 I'm writing this letter in the hope of getting the chance ____________________________________________________． to contact to be a volunteer of our School English Association 2.过去分词短语作定语 [教材原文] Its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship's sunken remains. 一座形似桥梁的纪念馆横跨在沉船残骸上，标示出它的方位。 (1)本句中shaped like a bridge 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 memorial。 (2)作定语的分词如果是单个分词，要放在所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，则放在所修饰的名词之后。 (3)一般来讲，现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的含义，而过去分词表示被动的、已经完成的含义。 (4)不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不表示被动，只强调完成；不及物动词的现在分词作定语时，强调动作正在进行。它们一般都放在所修饰的名词之前。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①A recent study ____________ (conduct) by researchers at Oxford University has shown that ____________ (freeze) food is not good for health. ②The new product finally passed the ____________ (require) test. ③In the picture，we can see a house ____________ (build) by the ancient Romans. conducted　 frozen required built ④The next thing he saw was smoke ________ (rise) from behind the house. ⑤His brother bought a car which had been used. →His brother bought a ______ car. ⑥The bridge built two years ago is the second longest in the world. →The bridge ____________________________ is the second longest in the world. rising used which was built two years ago 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The flight with 145 passengers ____________ (在飞机上) from Tokyo landed on the airport in Beijing yesterday. 2．He had his portrait painted in ____________ (制服). 3．I turned back slowly and ____________ (呆住) because a bear was only metres away from me. aboard uniform froze 4．The girl was afraid of _________ (雷) and didn't dare to go out. 5．The doctor will see you again next week.____________ (同时), you must rest as much as possible. 6．It was then that I saw his left leg was injured and was ____________ (流血). 7．The mother, along with her two children, was rescued from the ____________ (下沉) boat by a passing ship. thunder Meanwhile bleeding sinking 8．Building a ____________ (纪念碑) to Columbus has been his lifelong dream. 9．These ____________ (改革) should give a better chance to the less able children. 10．The thief was ____________ (拖) out of his hiding place and taken to the police station. memorial reforms dragged Ⅱ.选词填空 thanks to, get in touch with, bring about, on board, open up, describe...as, in turn，in horror, in response to, declare war on 1．These programmes will ________________ markets for farmers. 2．People watched ___________ as the plane crashed to the ground. 3．________________ advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly. open up in horror Thanks to 4．All the passengers _________ think highly of the warm－hearted stewardess. 5．Theory is based on practice and _________ serves practice. 6．There is no doubt that computers have ________________ many changes in the workplace. 7．If you are willing to study in China，________________ me and I will help you whenever you need me. on board in turn brought about get in touch with 8．Although he is a scientist with many inventions, he always __________ himself ____ an ordinary person. 9．________________ the failure in the last game, the coach worked out a new plan for us. 10．We won't ________________ others unless we are attacked. describes as In response to declare war on Ⅲ.完成句子 1．成立于1911年的清华大学是众多杰出人物的母校。 Tsinghua University, __________________， is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 2．人们认为读书和旅游是开阔视野的好方法。 It is believed that reading and travelling are good ways to ______________________． founded in 1911 broaden our horizons 3．这部电影将于本周日下午放映，持续两小时。 _______________________________， the film will last two hours. 4．他感到无比沮丧，沉浸在伤感的音乐中。 Feeling frustrated, he ________________________ sad music. 5．男孩完全被这个问题弄糊涂了，站在那里不知所措，不知道该怎么办。 The boy _________________________ the question, and stood there ________________， not knowing what to do. To be shown this Sunday afternoon abandoned himself to was totally confused about　 in confusion 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．When winter comes, my fingers split and _______ (blood) in the cold air. 2．The students plotted ____________ (hold) a party for their teacher who would retire. 3．A nearby volcano erupted _________ (violent), sending out a hail of molten rock and boiling mud. bleed to hold　 violently 4．We thought my stubborn sister would insist on her plan._______ the contrary，she didn't. 5．All the farmers pray ____________ a good harvest. 6．The witnesses ____________ (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. On for questioned 7．A good ______ (dive) will know how to have control over their equipment. 8．The temperatures remained below ____________ (freeze) all day. 9．It is reported that the six astronauts _____ board will spend ten days in space. diver freezing　 on Ⅱ.单句写作 1．约翰采纳了他父亲的建议后参军了。(adopt) ________________________________________________________ 2．与之前的想象相反，他在军队里的生活是丰富多彩且令人满意的。(contrary to) _________________________________________________________ _______________________________ John adopted his father's suggestion and joined the army. Contrary to what he had imagined before, his life in the army was colorful and satisfying. 3．虽然他是最年轻的一个，但他是他的队伍中第一个因为英勇而被授予勋章的人。(to do作定语) _________________________________________________________ _________________________ 4．当炸弹袭击他们的舰船时，与其他士兵相比，他表现得更加冷静。(comparison) _________________________________________________________ _____________________ Although he was the youngest, he was the first in his troop to be awarded medal for bravery. When a bomb hit their ship, in comparison with other soldiers，he behaved more calmly. 5．他把许多士兵拖到甲板上，否则他们可能会冻死在河里。(freeze) ________________________________________________________________________ He dragged many soldiers to the deck, or they may freeze to death in the river. Ⅲ.阅读理解 A Local officials in Beijing promised to further protect the city's cultural heritage，in particular the narrow streets known as hutongs. Hutongs are commonly found in the cities of North China，but they are at risk.Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1，000 hutongs，most of which are near the Imperial Palace.Only 60 years ago，the number was 3，250.In the old districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng，some people will be asked to move out from hutong houses to avoid further damage to the ancient architecture. “On average more than 100，000 people visit the Imperial Palace during the National Day holidays.The visitors put pressure on the protection of cultural relics，” said Huang Yan，adding that hutongs should be protected from human damage. The government focused on how the protection plans were carried out and how the management of the cultural heritage worked.Wang Shaofeng said the area has 182 cultural relics，many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368).“The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage，” Wang said. “Each community has been required to report the status of its cultural heritage，especially hutongs，and any actions to damage the heritage will be punished，” Wang said. No one knows for sure how many hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了北京胡同的现状和保护措施。 2 3 1 4 1．How many hutongs have disappeared in the past seventy years in Beijing? A．Less than 1，000.　　　 B．About 2，000. C．More than 3，000. D．Over 4，000. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1，000 Hutongs，most of which are near the Imperial Palace.Only 60 years ago，the number was 3，250.”，可知，过去六十年，大约两千胡同消失。故选B。 2 3 1 4 2．According to Huang Yan，what is the main cause of the damage to cultural relics? A．Visitors' activities. B．Residents' attitude. C．Communities' behaviour. D．The government's policy. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The visitors put pressure on the protection of cultural relics”可知，根据黄燕所说，游客的活动是造成文物损害的主要原因。故选A。 2 3 1 4 3．Which of the following is a useful way to protect hutongs? A．To attract more visitors. B．To punish anyone damaging them. C．To increase the local population. D．To forbid everyone from getting close to them. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“any actions to damage the heritage will be punished”可知，惩罚那些破坏胡同的人是保护胡同的有效方法。故选B。 2 3 1 4 4．What will happen to hutongs in the near future? A．Only time will tell. B．No one will remember them. C．The number will be growing. D．Hutongs will disappear completely. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据最后一段“No one knows for sure how many hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years.”可知，没有人知道胡同未来会怎样，时间会告诉我们答案，故选A。 2 3 1 4 B As archaeologists (考古学家) examined ancient tombs in Turfan in western China, they discovered some surprisingly well-preserved and familiar relics.Though hardened from over 1，000 years, there sat little dumplings. Exactly who invented dumplings remains a mystery.But some scholars suspect they were first spread by nomadic (游牧的) Turkic peoples living in western China and Central Asia.This is thought to be the case because “manti，” meaning “dumpling” or “steamed bun” in many Turkic languages, appears to be the root word for dumpling in several other languages.Ancient Turkic people probably filled their dumplings with meat.But it's unclear when this practice began, or whether they learned the art of dumpling-making from others.However this happened, dumplings certainly gathered steam in ancient China. Dumplings continued to take off and diversify in China over the next thousand years.Instead of the traditional meat filling, some communities chose vegetarian (素食) dumplings.People developed new cooking methods.The relationship between Chinese dumplings and those in other areas is tricky to trace, but food historians have made their best guesses based on available clues. Besides Turkic tribes, some scholars believe that the Mongol Empire also contributed to the spread of dumplings, perhaps introducing them to parts of Eastern Europe.These dumplings could have come by way of China or directly from some of the Turkic peoples the Mongols hired to run their empire.One theory is that this gave rise to dumplings like pelmeni in Russia, pierogi in Poland and vareniki in Ukraine.Later, after Chinese dumpling varieties were introduced to more countries, English speakers began calling them dumplings, which means “little lumps”．During the Second World War, Chinese “jiaozi” were brought to Japan.So what about the Italian dumpling-like pasta? Some historians think it might be brought by Arab conquerors. It's unlikely that all dumpling dishes came from the same root tradition.However, we can appreciate the mysterious historical web that made dumplings so various. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了有关饺子的起源及传播的一些历史。 5 6 7 8 5．What made Turkic peoples suspected to first spread dumplings? A．The languages they used. B．Their eating habits. C．Their dumpling-making skills. D．The newly found tombs. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But some scholars...in several other languages.”可知，由于突厥语的“manti”似乎是其他几种语言中饺子的词根，所以突厥民族被怀疑是最初传播饺子的人。故选A。 5 6 7 8 6．What does the phrase “gathered steam” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Originated. B．Stabilized. C．Got well-cooked. D．Became popular. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Dumplings continued to take off and diversify in China over the next thousand years.(在接下来的一千年里，饺子在中国继续流行并多样化)”可知，在突厥之后的一千年里，饺子继续受到人们的喜爱，并且出现了多种形式，由此可推知，“dumplings certainly gathered steam in ancient China”表示的是饺子无疑在古代中国很受欢迎。gather steam意为“受欢迎，流行”，与become popular的意思最接近。故选D。 5 6 7 8 7．What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．The spreading process of dumplings. B．The possible origins of dumplings. C．Differences between various dumplings. D．Reasons for the popularity of dumplings. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，本段主要讲述了饺子的传播过程。故选A。 5 6 7 8 8．Which of the following can best describe dumplings according to the text? A．Delicious. B．Diverse. C．Unusual. D．Regional. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Dumplings continued to...new cooking methods.”和最后一段中的“However, we can...made dumplings so various.”可知，饺子经过千年来的发展演变，有了不同的口味和烹饪方法，由此可推测出，用“多样化(diverse)”最能描述饺子。故选B。 5 6 7 8 Ⅳ.阅读七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了校车的起源及其发展过程。 The history of the school bus can date back to 1886 when the Wayne Works company made horse-drawn carriages (四轮马车) known as “ school wagons” or “kid hacks” in Indiana. 1 1 2 3 4 5 A．Horses were easy to control. B．Not all chose to paint their buses yellow. C．Yellow is quite eye-catching to human beings. D．Before then, many children simply walked to school. E．Now, school buses have had many more improvements. F．Still, parents were increasingly concerned for children's safety. G．This gave Wayne Works a great opportunity to improve its carriages. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文“The history of...or ‘kid hacks’ in Indiana.”可知，本段总起全文，讲的是校车的历史。D项承接上文内容，说明校车未出现之前孩子们是如何上学的，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 In the early 1900s, the car industry was beginning to develop fast. 2 The company managed to make its carriages powered by engines.But the design remained mostly the same as that of the previous ones, with students sitting along the walls of the bus while facing inside. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Horses were easy to control. B．Not all chose to paint their buses yellow. C．Yellow is quite eye-catching to human beings. D．Before then, many children simply walked to school. E．Now, school buses have had many more improvements. F．Still, parents were increasingly concerned for children's safety. G．This gave Wayne Works a great opportunity to improve its carriages. 答案：G 根据上下文的内容可知，空格处应讨论汽车工业的快速发展给Wayne Works公司带来的影响。G项中的“improve its carriages”与下文中的“make its carriages powered by engines”相照应，起到承上启下的作用。故选G项。 1 2 3 4 5 In 1927, a man built the first bus that primarily used steel.Before long, Wayne Works introduced the first all-steel school bus body with safety glass windows. 3 This led to a turning point in the history of the school bus in 1939, when a conference was organised at Manhattan College to develop school bus standards. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Horses were easy to control. B．Not all chose to paint their buses yellow. C．Yellow is quite eye-catching to human beings. D．Before then, many children simply walked to school. E．Now, school buses have had many more improvements. F．Still, parents were increasingly concerned for children's safety. G．This gave Wayne Works a great opportunity to improve its carriages. 答案：F 上文“Before long, Wayne...with safety glass windows.”提到Wayne Works推出了第一辆校车，结合下文“This led to a turning...school bus standards.”提到曼哈顿学院组织了一次会议来制定校车标准可知，空格处内容应和校车的安全问题有关，F项符合此推断，上下文语意连贯，符合语境。故选F项。 1 2 3 4 5 Many new national standards were created, determining everything from seating designs to the famous yellow color that school buses still sport today.The reason why the color was chosen was simple. 4 The color is especially easy to see in the early morning and evening light when school buses usually operate. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Horses were easy to control. B．Not all chose to paint their buses yellow. C．Yellow is quite eye-catching to human beings. D．Before then, many children simply walked to school. E．Now, school buses have had many more improvements. F．Still, parents were increasingly concerned for children's safety. G．This gave Wayne Works a great opportunity to improve its carriages. 答案：C 根据上文“The reason why the color was chosen was simple.”可知，空格处内容应为解释校车选择黄色的原因。C项符合此推断，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 5 For example, a variety of changes have been made to enable the school bus to not only be safer but also have better fuel (燃料) economy, be easier to drive, etc.The most creative approach among all of these is probably a kind of stop signal arm that warns traffic of a stop in progress, which states began to require in the early 1950s. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Horses were easy to control. B．Not all chose to paint their buses yellow. C．Yellow is quite eye-catching to human beings. D．Before then, many children simply walked to school. E．Now, school buses have had many more improvements. F．Still, parents were increasingly concerned for children's safety. G．This gave Wayne Works a great opportunity to improve its carriages. 答案：E 根据下文的内容可知，本段主要讲的是对校车的一系列的改进。空格处位于段首，应为本段的主旨句。E项与本段意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选E项。 1 2 3 4 5 $$