U3 Period Ⅱ Welcome to the unit -【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

选择性必修第三册 Unit 3　Back to the past Period Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 词汇识记 1．breadth n．宽度；广泛 The breadth and depth of his knowledge are apparent throughout the book.他知识的广度和深度贯穿全书。 2.convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说     It's a convincing speech and many people are convinced that they will benefit from it. 这是一个令人信服的演讲，许多人相信他们会从中受益。 convinced adj.确信的；深信的 convincing adj.令人信服的 3. voyage n．航海，航行，航天vi.航行，远行　 Christopher Columbus discovered what he viewed as India on the epic voyage, only to be informed that what he discovered was a new land.克里斯托弗·哥伦布在史诗般的航行中发现了他认为是印度的地方，却被告知他发现的是一片新大陆。 4．fleet n．舰队；捕鱼船队；车队 It's a detailed description of the movements and the battle of Italy's fleet.这是对意大利舰队行动和战斗的详细描述。 5.navigate vt.航行；导航vi.导航　 By the 11th century, compasses had been used by Chinese to navigate their ships at sea.到了11世纪，指南针已经被中国人用来在海上为他们的船只导航。 6.on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了 So on behalf of the villagers' benefit, the local government has decided to call for an end to the factories' illegal behaviors.因此，为了村民的利益，当地政府决定要求工厂停止违法行为。 7.load vt.& vi.装上，装入n.负载；承载量；大量 They loaded the car with their possessions.他们把自己的财物装上车。 Volunteers came with loads of donated clothing and toys.志愿者们带来了大量捐赠的衣物和玩具。 loads of许多的，大量的 8.compass n．罗盘，指南针；圆规 We had to rely on/upon a compass and a lot of luck to get here.我们得依靠指南针和很大的运气才能到达这里。 9.log n．航海日志，正式记录；原木vi.& vt.伐木；记录 Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.记录新物种将提高我们对地球上生命的理解。 Remember to log off before switching the computer off. 在关掉电脑前，记得先注销。 All phone calls are logged.所有电话均予以记录。 10.strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强     Union is strength.Please strengthen your cooperation.团结就是力量。请加强你们的合作。 To make yourself strong and increase your strength, you should take more exercise to strengthen your muscles.为了让自己变强壮并增强力量，你应该多锻炼来增强你的肌肉。 strength n．力量；强项；长处 strong adj.强壮的 11.harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的   As is known to us all, a harmonious society means that human beings can live in harmony with each other.众所周知，和谐社会意味着人类能够和谐相处。 harmony n．融洽，和睦；和谐 12.dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 The servant was dismissed for being lazy and dishonest.这个仆人因懒惰和不诚实而被解雇了。 While travelling，you can dismiss your work from your mind and relax yourself.旅行时，你可以忘掉你的工作，放松一下。 13.proof n．证据，证明   With solid proofs, the lawyer can certainly prove that he is innocent.有了确凿的证据，律师肯定能证明他是无辜的。 prove vt.证明；检验；显示 vi.证明是 14.acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢 acknowledgement n．(对事实、现实、存在的)承认；感谢 15.influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的   She is one of the most influential figures, who has a great influence on local politics.她是最有影响力的人物之一，对当地政治有很大的影响。 influence n．影响；势力；感化；有影响力的人或事 vt.影响 16.insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 The brave captain insisted on heading to the destination in the storm.勇敢的船长在暴风雨中坚持向目的地驶去。 The teacher insisted that every minute (should) be made full use of to do the work well.老师坚持认为要充分利用每一分钟来把工作做好。 17.route n．路线，路途；途径，渠道 Columbus insisted on finding a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.哥伦布坚持要找到一条穿越大西洋直达东印度群岛的航线。 18.financial adj.财政的，金融的，财务的     He majors in finance and thus, he can skillfully deal with financial issues.他主修金融，因此能够熟练地处理金融问题。 finance n．金融；财经 vt.提供资金 19.depart vi.& vt.离开，起程     We'll depart from Beijing at 8 o'clock tomorrow，and we hope you will arrive before our departure.我们明天八点将从北京离开，希望你能在我们离开前到达。 departure n．离开，起程 20.shortage n．不足，短缺     Farmers sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.农民有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 Time cannot be lengthened by man's subjective will, but it can be shortened by his wasting it.时间不因人的主观意志而延长，却可以因人的浪费而缩短。 short adj.短的；不足的；矮的，低的 shorten vt.缩短；减少 vi.缩短；变短 21.leak vi.漏，渗漏；渗入vt.漏，渗漏；泄露n.漏洞 This leak was eventually traced to a broken seal.此次泄漏最终被查出是密封破裂造成的。 The news that the actress would quit the entertainment industry was leaked to the newspaper by her remote relative.那位女演员要退出娱乐圈的消息被她的远房亲戚泄露给了报社。 22.panic n．惊恐，恐慌vi.& vt.(panicked, panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 The meeting room suddenly caught fire.Organizers appealed to the crowd not to panic.会议室突然着火了。组织者呼吁人群不要惊慌。 She was not confident of herself and ran away in panic at the sight of difficulties.她对自己没有信心，一见到困难就惊慌地跑掉了。 23.regardless adv.不顾，不加理会   We mustn't attempt unrestricted expansion regardless if it is within our capacity.我们绝不能企图无限制地扩张，不管它是否在我们的能力范围之内。 We think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.我们认为有理由假设，不管天气多么寒冷，他们都生活在这些洞穴里。 regardless of 不管，不顾 24.shore n．岸，滨 The staff are dying for a chance to go to the shore annually.员工们特别希望每年都有机会去海边。 25.subsequent adj.随后的，后来的   After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, “What will we do next？” 在印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始问：“我们接下来要做什么？” Many birds like to store food for the winter, which they subsequently retrieve.许多鸟类喜欢为冬天储存食物，然后再取回。 subsequently adv.随后，其后；后来 26.captain n．船长，机长；上校；队长 The captain of the ship is responsible for the safety of all the passengers on board. 船长对船上所有乘客的安全负责。 27.allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内 The speed of 6G will exceed 125GB/s, allowing for a new generation of virtual reality.6G的速度将超过每秒125GB，使得新一代的虚拟现实技术成为可能。 28.kingdom n．王国；管辖范围 Louis XIV was almost constantly fighting other countries, trying to increase the size of France and to add to his kingdom.路易十四几乎一直在与其他国家作战，试图扩大法国面积，扩大他的王国。 29.astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊   It astonishes me that he can speak six languages.令我惊讶的是他会说6种语言。 astonished adj.惊诧的；感到惊讶的 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonishment n．惊讶，惊奇 To our astonishment, the basketball star died in a plane crash.Hearing the news, we were astonished and his sudden death was really astonishing.令我们吃惊的是，这位篮球明星死于一次飞机失事。听到这个消息，我们很震惊，他的突然去世真是令人震惊。 30.royal adj.盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的 31.tomb n．坟墓 When a tomb is opened, fresh air disturbs the viruses, which, if breathed in, can result in illness or even death.打开墓室时，新鲜空气会扰乱病毒，如果吸入病毒，就会导致疾病甚至死亡。 默写练习 【限时：15分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．________ vt.& vi.装上，装入 n．负载；承载量；大量 2．________ n．航海日志，正式记录；原木 vi.& vt.伐木 3．__________ vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 4．____________ adj.随后的，后来的 load log dismiss subsequent 5．________ vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 6．____________ n．不足，短缺 7．_________ vi.漏，渗漏；渗入 vt.漏，渗漏；泄露 n．漏洞 8．__________ n．惊恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.(panicked, panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 9．____________ adv.不顾，不加理会 insist shortage leak panic regardless 10．____________ adj.盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的 11．_________ vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说→_________ adj.确信的；深信的→__________ adj.令人信服的 12．___________ vt.& vi.加强，增强→____________ n．强项；长处；力量→_________ adj.强壮的 royal convince　 convinced　 convincing strengthen　 strength　 strong 13．__________ adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→___________ n．融洽，和谐，和睦 14．____________ adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的→____________ n．影响；势力；感化；有影响力的人或事 v．影响；对……起作用；支配，左右 15．____________ adj.财政的，金融的，财务的→____________ n．金融；财政 harmonious harmony influential　 influence financial　 finance 16．_________ vi.& vt.离开，起程→____________ n．离开，起程 17．_________________ vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢→_________________ n．(对事实、现实、存在的)承认；感谢；谢礼；收件复函 18．__________ vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→____________ adj.令人惊讶的→____________ adj.感到惊讶的→____________ n．惊讶；惊奇 depart　 departure acknowledge　 acknowledgement astonish astonishing　 astonished　 astonishment Ⅱ.默写核心短语 1．__________ 起航，扬帆 2．___________ 在船上，在飞机上 3．________________ 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了 4．________________ 对……有影响 5．________ 踏上；踏足；踏进 set sail on board on behalf of have an impact on set foot 6．___________ 传递(信息)；将……传给；将……交给；将……转移给 7．___________ 惊慌失措地 8．________________ 不管，不顾 9．___________ 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内 pass on in panic regardless of allow for Ⅲ.词形变化填空 1．For ____________ (short) of fund，the mission didn't go well. 2．To our ____________ (astonish)，all the crew behaved calmly facing this disaster. 3．It's of vital importance to know your own __________ (strengthen) and weaknesses. shortage astonishment　 strengths　   4．I'm fully ____________ (convince) that my investment is wise and will make a great profit. 5．The ass is not learned though he will be __________ (load) with books. convinced loaded Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．He spent the rest of the day ___________， fearing Davis would tell his mother what he had done in the school. 2．We have to __________ the possibility that we might not finish this project on schedule. 3．After the College Entrance Examination，we will bid farewell to each other and ___________ for an unknown future. in panic allow for set sail 4．________________ the Students' Union，I'm writing to invite you to give us a speech on Chinese literature. 5．In contrast，adults behaved in similar ways ________________ whether they were on their own or observed by others. On behalf of regardless of 词汇精研 1.convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说(convinced adj.确信的；深信的 convincing adj.令人信服的) [教材原文] There is only one way to convince you. 只有一个办法能说服你。 (1)convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 convince sb.to do sth./that...说服某人做某事 (2)be convinced of/that...相信…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①With confidence, I was firmly ____________ (convince) that I could get a satisfying score in the next assignment. ②____________ (convince) teenagers to put down their phones and dig in the flowerbeds may seem like a long shot. ③I became so convinced ______ this that I could imagine myself upon the skates and the excitement they brought me. convinced Convincing of ④由于英语口语流利，我相信我与外国客人交流没有困难。 With fluent oral English，________________________ I have no difficulty in communicating with foreign guests. ⑤He was convinced that his sick son was asleep，so he turned off the light and went to bed. →_______________________________________，he turned off the light and went to bed.(形容词短语作状语) I'm convinced that Convinced that his sick son was asleep [联想发散]　“说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式： ①persuade sb.to do sth.　　　　②persuade sb.into doing sth. ③argue sb.into doing sth.　　　　 ④talk sb.into doing sth. 2.on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了 [教材原文] Between 1405 and 1433, on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages. 1405年到1433年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。 stand for代表，象征 represent v．代表；为……代言 [即学即练]——选词填空(represent/on behalf of/stand for)/句型转换 ①First of all, ________________ all the members of our school, I'd like to express our heartfelt thanks to you. ②In China, these knots __________ friendship, love and good luck. ③As it comes to the end of our school year, I would like to ____________ all the students of Grade Three and say a few words. on behalf of stand for represent ④I am glad to represent our school to tell you something about these activities. →________________________， I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.(分词短语作状语) →________________________， I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.(介词短语作状语) Representing our school　 On behalf of our school [词义辨析]　(1)on behalf of 只能用作状语，表示“代表/代替某人”。 (2)represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”“某种标志代表什么”“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”。 (3)stand for 往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么”。 3.load vt.& vi.装上，装入 n．负载；承载量；大量 [教材原文] His ships were loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. 他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品，船队还对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。 (1)load...with...用……装载…… load...into/onto...把……装到……里/上去 (2)take a load off one's mind打消某人的顾虑 loads of＝a load of许多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词) [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me load Tiffy _______ the plane. ②It takes a load _______ the nurse's mind to have her mother take care of her daughter. ③Don't worry.There is ________ (load) of time. into off loads ④生活就像一辆载满乘客的公共汽车，每个人都有自己的目的地。 →Life is like a bus __________________________________， and each man has his destination.(定语从句) →Life is like a bus ______________________________， and each man has his destination.(非谓语) which is fully loaded with passengers fully loaded with passengers 4.strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强 (strength n．力量；强项；长处 strong adj.强壮的) [教材原文] Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands. 郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进了中国对海外诸邦的了解。 build up one's strength强身健体 with all one's strength 用尽全力 strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Our bodies _______________ (strength) by exercising; similarly, our minds are developed by learning. ②As a good teacher, you should know your students' ____________ (strength) and weaknesses. ③做运动不仅能让学生们开心，而且能增强他们的体力。 Taking exercise not only keeps the students amused，but also __________________________． are strengthened strengths　 builds up their strength ④这本书的优点是它既有趣又有教育意义。 ______________________________ it is both interesting and instructive. ⑤那个勇敢的男孩用尽全力顶着石头。 The brave boy pushed against the rock ___________________． The strength of the book is that with all his strength 5.harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的(harmony n．和谐；融洽 harmoniously adv.和谐地，和睦地) [教材原文] Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands. 郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦调关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进了中国对海外诸邦的了解。 (1)harmonious atmosphere/community/society 和谐的氛围/社区/社会 (2)in harmony with 与……和谐；与……协调 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is a healthy lifestyle and will help mould a ____________ (harmony) social atmosphere. ②The visitors are amazed at how ____________ (harmonious) the local people and nature live together. ③搬进新公寓后，我们总是希望能与邻居和睦相处。 After moving in the new apartment，we always desire to __________________________ our neighbors. harmonious harmoniously live in harmony with 6.dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 [教材原文] For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends. 多年来，一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。 dismiss...as...认为……是……而不予以考虑 dismiss...from one's mind 从头脑中摒除……，不再考虑…… dismiss sb.from sth.解除某人……职务 dismiss sb.for sth.因某事解雇某人 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The mayor dismissed the opinion polls _____ worthless，which made the public angry. ②The nervous girl was advised to dismiss the coming exam _______ her mind and take a good rest. ③上个月汤姆因无法胜任工作而被解雇了。 Tom _____________________________ incompetence last month. as from was dismissed from his job for 7.acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢 (acknowledgement n．承认；感谢) [教材原文] Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged，and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers. 郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。 (1)acknowledge...to be/as...承认……是/为…… acknowledge doing/having done sth.承认做了某事 It is (widely) acknowledged that...人们(普遍)认为…… (2)in acknowledgement of以感谢…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/同义句转换/句型转换 ①Mr.Chen is acknowledged _______ (be) the most popular teacher in our school. ②It is obvious that the special award is an _____________________ (acknowledge) of all his hard work. ③She is acknowledged ____ an expert on the subject. to be　 acknowledgement as ④The engineer was awarded a prize to acknowledge his contributions to the company. →The engineer was awarded a prize _______________________ his contributions to the company. ⑤Though trying really hard, they acknowledged having been defeated at last. →Though trying really hard, they acknowledged ________________________________________． in acknowledgement of that they had been defeated at last ⑥The school uniforms are acknowledged as a better choice than casual clothes for such an occasion. →__________________________________ the school uniforms are a better choice than casual clothes for such an occasion. It is widely acknowledged that [名师点津]　acknowledge表示“承认做了某事”，其后可接动名词，也可接that从句，但通常不接不定式。 8.insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 [教材原文] Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. 哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。 insist on doing sth.执意继续做 insist on/upon sth.坚决要求 insist that...坚持认为……；坚决要求…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In a word, if you insist on ____________ (exercise), you are sure to have an attractive figure and stay slim and healthy. ②The boy insisted that he ________ (be) innocent and he provided a witness for the judges. ③虽然我姐姐对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，但她坚持要自己把旅行安排妥当。 Although my sister didn't know the best way of getting to some places, she __________________________________________． exercising was insisted that she organize the trip properly [名师点津]　insist that... (1)作“强调；坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气。 (2)作“坚持要求，坚决主张”时，后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 9.panic n．惊慌；恐慌 vi.& vt.(panicked，panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 [教材原文] The men on board were in panic. 船上的人们都陷入了恐慌。 (1)in panic惊慌失措地 get into a panic陷入恐慌 (2)panic...into doing sth.使……惊慌地做某事 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①What the government should do is calm down the public whenever they are _____ panic. ②We will not ____________ (panic) into making a decision before we have considered all the evidence. ③随着越来越多的游客靠近，鸟儿们惊慌失措，向四面八方飞去。 With more and more visitors approaching，the birds _____________________________________． in be panicked got into a panic and flew in all directions [名师点津]　注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked。 10.astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊(astonished adj.惊诧的；感到惊讶的 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonishment n．惊讶，惊奇) [教材原文] The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was. 记录表明，来访者对明朝如此富有和技术上如此先进感到很震惊。 (1)It astonishes sb.that...令某人惊讶的是…… (2)be astonished at/by sth.因/对某事感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth.对做某事感到惊讶 (3)to one's astonishment令某人吃惊的是 in astonishment惊讶地，惊奇地 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Her ____________ (astonish) expression suggested that she hadn't expected that result. ②Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and ____________ (astonish) ways. ③That was the first time that the girl had seen a dinosaur.So she looked at the toy in ____________ (astonish). astonished astonishing astonishment ④最使我惊讶的是，这个小男孩能用脚拿笔。 →____________________________ the young boy could handle a pen with his feet.(it作形式主语) →______________________________ the young boy could handle a pen with his feet.(what引导主语从句) It astonished me most that What astonished me most was that [联想发散]　分词形式表示“惊奇的或惊讶的”的形容词主要有： ①amazing令人惊异的　amazed感到惊异的　②surprising令人惊讶的　surprised感到惊讶的 句式剖析 1.with＋宾语＋宾语补足语 [教材原文] A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28，000 people on board, which was a splendid scene． 一支由200多艘船只组成的船队在蓝色的大海上航行，船上有近2.8万人，场面十分壮观。 (1)句中with almost 28，000 people on board为“with＋宾语＋介词短语”的复合结构。 (2)“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构作状语时，表示原因、条件、方式等。主要结构如下： [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①With my best friend ____________ (accompany) me, I didn't feel lonely in the long journey. ②With more and more forests ____________ (damage), some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out. ③With an excellent guide ____________ (show) you around the scenic spots, you're sure to have a good time. accompanying damaged to show ④With the beautiful moon ______ the sky, we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruit, sharing our stories. ⑤As the College Entrance Examination is approaching, the students are busy making preparations for it. →____________________________________________， the students are busy making preparations for it.(用with复合结构) in With the College Entrance Examination approaching [名师点津]　(1)在with复合结构中，现在分词作宾语补足语时强调动作正在进行，且宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 (2)及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时表示被动与完成，且宾语补足语与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系；不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，只表示动作已完成。 (3)动词不定式作宾语补足语时表示一个还未发生的动作。 2.现在分词(短语)作状语 [教材原文] Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions，exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands. 郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进了中国对海外诸邦的了解。 (1)本句为简单句。exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands 是并列的现在分词短语作状语。 (2)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句。 (3)现在分词(短语)作状语时，句子主语是现在分词动作的执行者，主语与现在分词是主动关系。 (4)现在分词(短语)作状语，含有一般式(doing)、完成式(having done)以及完成被动式(having been done)。 (5)一般情况下，现在分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①The tractor was resting against the crash barrier in the central reservation, ____________ (cross) the busy road with fast－flowing traffic. ②I turned back to the tractor，only _______ (see) it move suddenly away from me. having crossed to see ③The young lady devotes herself to teaching the deaf children, so she has little time to care for her own daughter. →________________________________ the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语) →________________________ the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语) Devoting herself to teaching Devoted to teaching [名师点津]　(1)现在分词(短语)作状语时，如果表示否定，not放在现在分词(短语)前面。 (2)现在分词(短语)充当结果状语时，常指自然而然的结果，不定式(短语)也可充当结果状语，常指出乎意料的结果。 3.as引导非限制性定语从句 [教材原文] Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus. 凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。 (1)句中as was the case with...意为“和……是一样的”，as引导非限制性定语从句。 (2)as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正像”之意，代指整个主句的内容，常放于主句之前，有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。as引导非限制性定语从句的常见结构： as we can see正如我们可以看到的 as we all know 正如我们都知道的 as is known to all众所周知 as is reported 正如报道的那样 as is often the case这是常有的事 as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的 as is shown in the picture正如图画中显示的那样 (3)as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被the same, such, so等修饰。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①______ is expected，I am quite qualified for the volunteer position. ②I didn't know how to get along well with my roommates, _________ upset me. As which ③正如大家知道的那样，中国人非常讲究餐桌礼仪。 __________________， the Chinese are rather particular about table manners. ④那个吵闹的男孩使他母亲在公共场合丢脸，这是常有的事。 The noisy boy made his mother lose face in public，____________________． As is known to all as is often the case [名师点津]　与as不同，which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后，意为“这一点”，且无“正如/正像……”之意。在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。 课堂检测 素养达标   Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Beijing opera is the most ____________ (有很大影响力的) and representative of all operas in China. 2．I wanted to go to France, but my mother ____________ (坚持) that we go to England, and my father wanted to visit Spain. influential insisted 3．In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water ____________ (短缺). 4．Training, tests and the ____________ (随后的) analyses are easily performed. 5．It was a big deal for us to _______ (装入) up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read. shortage subsequent load 6．I sincerely hope that we can devote as much as possible to making a more beautiful and ____________ (和谐的) China! 7．It's generally ____________ (承认) that education shouldn't be measured only by examination results. 8．I'll be ____________ (离开) from Houston, Texas, and flying to Chicago, Illinois. harmonious acknowledged departing 9．Making the skies electric isn't just good for the environment; it also makes sound ____________ (财政的) sense. 10．He ____________ (说服) the police department to allow him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. financial convinced Ⅱ.选词填空 on board, on behalf of, set foot, have an impact on, load...with, expose...to, regardless of，in harmony with, allow for, search for 1．________________ the bright future of mankind and the world, people should make a wiser choice. 2．His tastes are ________________ mine. 3．We have people ________ geared up to help with any problems. Allowing for in harmony with on board 4．________________ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 5．The truck ________________ bricks when it broke down. 6．The development of new technology continues to ________________ learning. 7．This is the first time I have left my country and ___________ on the foreign soil. On behalf of was loaded with have an impact on set foot 8．The amount will be paid to everyone ______________ whether they have children or not. 9．It is the Internet that makes it convenient for us to _____________ the information we need. 10．The engineers are also trying to develop an on－and－off “switch” where the glow would fade when ____________ the daylight. regardless of search for　 exposed to Ⅲ.完成句子 1．她坚持要我留下吃晚饭。 She ________________________________ for supper. 2．科学家相信笑对身心健康有积极的影响。 Scientists ____________________ the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health. insisted that I (should) stay are convinced of 3．与他人相处融洽是很重要的。 ____________________________________ is very important. 4．每当人们在惊恐慌乱中做出决定时，结果往往都不太美妙。 Whenever people make decisions ___________， the consequences are rarely pretty. 5．人们一致认为人与人之间最短的距离是真诚的微笑。 ________________________ the shortest distance between people is a sincere smile. Living in harmony with others in panic It is acknowledged that 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The question is whether they are sure their heart loaded ________ love will bring good to their children. 2．I would like to volunteer to help visitors, introduce Chinese paintings, spread Chinese culture, and ____________ (strong) world cultural exchanges. 3．Hearing the sound, the deer was panicked _______ running straight for the headlights. with strengthen into 4．Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building a ____________ (harmony) society. 5．The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening，_________ (make) it one of the most popular events in gardening. 6．He was astonished ____________ (learn) he'd won the competition. harmonious making to learn 7．______ is often the case, anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 8．From this story, I am firmly ____________ (convince) of the importance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society. 9．With science and technology ____________ (develop) rapidly，who can predict what inventions there will be in the future? 10．The experts insisted that parents ____________ (leave) enough space for children. As convinced developing (should) leave Ⅱ.完成句子 1．郑和被认为是中国最有影响力的探险家之一。(acknowledge) ___________________________ one of China's most influential explorers. 2．郑和的舰队从太仓出发启程，他的船上装载了瓷器、丝绸等。(load) Zheng He's fleet departed from Taicang and his ships ______________________________________． Zheng He is acknowledged as　 were loaded with china, silk and so on　 3．众所周知，远征是危险的，而且充满了挑战。(as引导非限制性定语从句) __________________， expedition is dangerous and full of challenges. 4．在航行中，其中一艘船漏水了，这使船上的所有人都感到震惊和害怕。(astonish) During the voyage, one of the ships leaked，______________________ _______________________________． As is known to all which astonished and frightened all the people on board 5．郑和坚决要求船员们保持冷静，并坚持说他有能力帮助他们脱离危险。(insist) Zheng He insisted ___________________________________________ _______________________________________． that the crew should keep calm and that he was capable of helping them out of danger Ⅲ.阅读理解 A In my early teens, I was once given a film camera as a gift.On receiving it, I jumped on my bike, headed to Wimbledon Common and took photos, just for me: photos of trees and wildlife.I was out all day.On my way home I spotted a tree lit up by street lighting and tried to capture its splendour.Rushing home, I popped the spent film in a special little envelope and sent it off to a photography store, desperate to see how it came out.I took many photos then and loved the fact that when you processed your film you got back colour photos which froze the precious moments, gently encouraging the hobby and the payments for processing. As I grew into adulthood, that simple, deep happiness gradually faded away.One weekend when I was busy answering the work calls, my eyes caught a box in the corner of the room.I suddenly felt a sense of sadness.The stress growing over these years had pushed the camera from beside my pillow to the box in the corner.I thought I needed a change. I took out the camera and dusted it down.It was a great joy that it still worked.I bought new film and took the camera everywhere I went.Now it is always on hand to accompany me on journeys, to allow me time to myself.Even if the day is full and busy, I can seize some moments for myself to take photos, to observe the world around me. The wall of my room now holds all my camera equipment on display, along with photos I've taken.To me, the room represents how I've found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过重拾青少年时代的摄影爱好重新获得快乐的故事。 1．What did the author think of taking photos as a young boy? A．Inspiring and practical. B．Tiring yet delightful. C．Exciting and worthwhile. D．Difficult yet engaging. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I jumped” “rushing home”和“desperate to see”等描写可推断出作者很激动；根据第一段最后一句“I took many photos then and loved the fact that when you processed your film you got back colour photos which froze the precious moments, gently encouraging the hobby and the payments for processing.”可推断，作者觉得为这个爱好花钱是值得的。故选 C。 2 3 1 4 2．Why did the author stop taking photos according to paragraph 2? A．He wanted to focus on his work. B．He was struck by sudden sorrow. C．He attempted to behave like an adult. D．He was faced with increasing pressure. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The stress growing over these years had pushed the camera from beside my pillow to the box in the corner.”可知，作者停止拍照是因为他面临着越来越大的压力。故选D。 2 3 1 4 3．What did the author get from picking up his hobby? A．More fun in the daily routine. B．New journeys in the wild. C．Better skills of observation. D．Different styles of photography. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Even if the day is full and busy, I can seize some moments for myself to take photos, to observe the world around me.”和第四段中的“To me, the room represents how I've found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by...”可知，作者通过重新开始拍照，在繁忙的日程中获得了乐趣。故选 A。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Revisit Lost Childhood Memories B．Appreciate Beauty Behind the Lens C．Escape Teenage Sadness with a Camera D．Regain Pleasure Through Photography 答案：D 2 3 1 4 标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“To me, the room represents how I've found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight.”及全文可知，文章讲述了作者通过重拾青少年时代的摄影兴趣重新获得快乐的故事。故选D。 2 3 1 4 B These days, Fred's huge skeleton (骨架) is exhibited in the Indiana State Museum.His tusks (长牙) were recently the subject of a research study tracing the life 13，000 years ago of mastodons, distant relatives of modern elephants. By analyzing the chemical compounds (化合物) in Fred's tusks, a team of researchers could construct a detailed account of his seasonal migration patterns.Josh Miller, a paleoecologist(古生态学家) at the University of Cincinnati, is one of the researchers studying Fred.“He has beautifully preserved bones and tusks, which provides a great opportunity for our research on his seasonal migration patterns，” Miller said. Mastodons' tusks generally grow in distinct layers, similar to the tree rings.As a result, the nutrients that build the layers of their tusks can tell us a lot about what they experienced.The team particularly focused their analyses on the variations in two elements in the layers: strontium (锶) and oxygen.The former is the key to understanding where Fred spent his life, while the latter tells us the season he was in any particular region.Then, with some statistical modeling, Miller and his team gained insight into the daily record of Fred's behavior over ten thousand years ago. The result indicated that Fred would have grown a lot when he was young.But there's a year when his growth was reduced.“Probably like the modern male elephant, a male mastodon is just really obnoxious when growing up to be a bother and often arouses family members' anger.At that point, his mom and aunts will essentially kick him out of the family.” Miller predicted. After Fred set off to attend to himself, his tusks reflected where he travelled around.Based on the analysis, Fred would return to mate every summer in northeastern Indiana, because his tusks started to show signs of injuries around this time.When competing for mates, mastodons get into huge battles with their own natural weapons—sharp tusks.And that was exactly what brought Fred's story to an untimely end. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对13 000年前的一头乳齿象Fred的象牙的研究和发现。 5．What did Miller's study mainly focus on? A．Effective ways of tusk preservation. B．Inner structure of Fred's skeleton. C．Possible tracks of Fred's migration. D．Special functions of mastodon tusks. 答案：C 6 7 5 8 细节理解题。根据第一段中“His tusks were...ago of mastodons”和第二段中“By analyzing the chemical...the researchers studying Fred.”可知，Miller的研究重点是Fred可能的迁徙轨迹。故选C。 6 7 5 8 6．How did researchers learn about Fred's behavior in the ancient age? A．By analyzing nutrients in Fred's bones. B．By reviewing statistical records of previous studies. C．By modeling data of chemical elements in Fred's tusks. D．By referring to the growth of tree rings to study Fred's tusk layers. 答案：C 6 7 5 8 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The team particularly...over ten thousand years ago.”可知，研究人员通过对象牙层中特殊化学元素数据的建模来了解乳齿象在古代的行为。故选C。 6 7 5 8 7．What can be inferred about Fred from the last paragraph? A．He was killed by his opponents. B．He reunited with his family later. C．He was drawn to cross-species fights. D．He was weak in living independently. 答案：A 6 7 5 8 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When competing for mates...to an untimely end.”可推知，Fred在争夺配偶的过程中，被其他雄象的象牙刺伤，导致其死亡。故选A。 6 7 5 8 8．In which section of a newspaper will the article appear? A．Geology.　　　　　　　 B．Culture. C．Education. D．Science. 答案：D 6 7 5 8 文章出处题。根据第一段的内容结合文章介绍了对13 000年前的一头乳齿象Fred的象牙的研究和发现可推知，文章选自报纸的科学部分。故选D。 6 7 5 8 Ⅳ.完形填空 History's first empire rose out of a hot, dry landscape, without rainfall for crops, without trees or stones for building.In spite of all this, its people built the world's first cities, with monumental architecture and large populations—and they built them 1 out of mud. Sumer 2 the southern part of modern Iraq in the region called Mesopotamia.Mesopotamia means “between two rivers”—the Tigris and the Euphrates.Around 5000 BCE, early Sumerians used channels and dams to 3 river water and farm large areas of previously 4 land.Agricultural communities like this were slowly 5 in Mesopotamia. But Sumerians were the first to take the 6 step.Using 7 made from river mud, they began to build multi-storied homes and temples.Those clay bricks gave rise to the world's first 8 ， like Uruk, Ur, and Eridu, probably around 4500 BCE. The Sumerians created the first 9 system, designed to teach the ability of writing.In the schools, people studied from dawn to dusk, from 10 well into adulthood.They 11 accounting, mathematics, and copied works of literature. But by the third millennium (千年) BCE, Sumer was no longer the 12 empire around, or even in Mesopotamia.Waves of nomadic (游牧) tribes poured into the 13 from the north and east.In 2300 BCE, the Sumerian Empire was conquered and 14 ． Afterward, Sumer disappeared back into the desert dirt, not to be 15 until the 19th century. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了历史上第一个帝国——苏美尔文明的兴起和衰落。 2 3 1 4 1．A.permanently　　　　　 B．quickly C．patiently D．entirely 答案：D 根据上文“without trees or stones for building”可知，没有树木和石头来建造房屋，所以他们的建筑完全是用泥土建造的。故选D项。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.occupied B．destroyed C．lost D．attacked 答案：A 根据下文“the southern part of modern Iraq in the region called Mesopotamia”可知，苏美尔文明占据着美索不达米亚地区，这是它的发源地。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.separate B．interrupt C．redirect D．freeze 答案：C 根据上文“used channels and dams”和下文“farm large areas of previously 4 land”可推知，苏美尔人用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，达到灌溉和种植的目的。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.dry B．royal C．awesome D．rich 答案：A 根据第一段中“History's first empire rose out of a hot, dry landscape, without rainfall for crops”可知，这原本是一片缺水干旱的土地，苏美尔人通过改变河水的方向对其进行了改造。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.wearing down B．springing up C．rising up D．breaking down 答案：B 根据上文可知，苏美尔人用渠道和水坝来改变河水的流向，进而改造美索不达米亚平原，让其适合种植，所以很多的农业社区在美索不达米亚慢慢出现。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.next B．last C．slow D．same 答案：A 根据下文“Using 7 made from river mud...homes and temples.”可知，苏美尔人开始修建多层住宅和寺庙，迈出了建造城市的下一步。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.equipment B．basins C．walls D．bricks 答案：D 根据下文“from river mud”和“Those clay bricks”可知，他们把河泥做成砖块。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.emperors B．universities C．cities D．palaces 答案：C 根据下文“Uruk, Ur, and Eridu”可知，苏美尔人用黏土砖建造了很多城市。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.law B．school C．construction D．labour 答案：B 根据下文“designed to teach the ability of writing”可知，苏美尔人建立了学制，旨在教授写作能力。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.society B．childhood C．community D．parenthood 答案：B 结合下文“into adulthood”和常识可推知，教育是从孩童到成年。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.invented B．dismissed C．learned D．preserved 答案：C 根据下文“accounting, mathematics, and copied works of literature”可知，这是学习的内容。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.only B．safe C．weak D．reliable 答案：A 根据下文“Waves of nomadic...the Sumerian Empire was conquered”可知，苏美尔周边出现了挑战者，它不再是唯一的帝国。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.region B．center C．river D．farm 答案：A 根据下文“from the north and east”可知，游牧部落从不同方向涌入美索不达米亚地区。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.strengthened B．saved C．surrounded D．overturned 答案：D 根据上文“the Sumerian Empire was conquered”和下文“Sumer disappeared back into the desert dirt”可知，苏美尔帝国被征服并推翻了。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.rebuilt B．relocated C．rediscovered D．reunited 答案：C 根据下文“until the 19th century”可知，苏美尔文明直到19世纪才被重新发现。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $$