U2 Period Ⅲ Grammar and usage-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

选择性必修第三册 Unit 2　Out of this world Period Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 单元语法：Subject clauses (主语从句) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescope. ②It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more. ③Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proven. ④What's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. ⑤How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination. 我的发现： 1．以上例句中主语均是________充当，叫作_________从句。 2．以上例句中第①②句中主语从句是从属连词 ______引导，而第②句中使用了 ____作形式主语；第③句中主语从句是从属连词 __________引导，表示“是否”；第④句中主语从句是连接代词 _______引导，在从句中作________；第⑤句中主语从句是连接副词词组 ____________引导，在从句中作______。 从句 主语 that it whether what 主语 how much　 状语 [知识精要] 一、主语从句的概念 在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。 二、主语从句的连接词 1. 从属连词包括that，whether，if。 (1)that在从句中不充当句子成分，也无词义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。 That our team had won first prize made us very happy. 我们队获得了第一名，这使我们很高兴。 (2)whether/if在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾；而if引导的主语从句只能放于句尾，前面要用it作形式主语。 Whether life exists on other planets is not clear yet. 其他星球上是否存在生命还不清楚。 It is still doubtful whether/if she would play the role. 她是否会扮演这个角色还很难说。 2．连接代词包括who, what, which, whoever, whatever，whichever，whoever等。连接代词引导主语从句时，在句中既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 昨天是谁打碎的玻璃杯还不清楚。 What he wants is a storybook. 他想要的是一本故事书。 Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你选择买哪辆车都没有关系。 3．连接副词包括when, where, why, how。它们在主语从句中既起连接作用，又作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因和方式。 When and where we shall hold our sports meeting has not been decided yet. 我们何时何地举行运动会还没有确定下来。 Why these Greek statues are in a British museum is an important part of our story today. 为什么这些希腊的雕塑会在英国的一家博物馆里是我们今天的故事的一个重要组成部分。 How life began on the Earth is one of the biggest mysteries to scientists. 对科学家们来说，生命在地球上是如何开始的是最大的奥秘之一。 [即学即练1]——单句语法填空 ①It is not a problem ____________ we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. ②____________ puzzles me most about the play is how we should use proper stage languages for different roles. ③Every year, ____________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. whether/if What whoever ④____________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it. ⑤Exactly _______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565. Where when 三、it作形式主语的主语从句 有时，由于主语从句太长，为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。这个主语从句可用that引导，也可用连接代词或连接副词引导。用it作形式主语的常见句型有： 1．It＋be＋形容词＋that... 这类形容词有necessary, essential, obvious, clear, true，important, possible，likely等。需要注意的是，当形容词是necessary, important, essential 等时，主语从句的谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”，即从句要用虚拟语气。 It is likely that he can't come to the party tonight. 他今晚有可能不能来参加聚会。 It's obvious that you've made a big mistake. 显然你犯了一个大错。 It is necessary that you(should) master some computer skills. 你有必要掌握一些计算机技能。 It is very important that we (should) learn English well. 我们学好英语是很重要的。 2．It＋be＋名词(词组)＋that... 这类名词(词组)有a fact，a good idea，a pity, a shame，no wonder, the case等。 It's a great pity that you missed the film. 你错过了这部电影真是太遗憾了。 It's no wonder that you're so tired. 难怪你这么累。 3．It＋be＋过去分词＋that... 这类过去分词有reported, well－known, hoped, thought，expected, said, believed, suggested, ordered 等。当过去分词是suggested，advised，ordered，requested, insisted, required等表示建议、要求、命令等的词语时，主语从句的谓语用“(should ＋)动词原形”，即从句要用虚拟语气。 It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident. 据报道，在这起事故中没有乘客受伤。 It's well－known that the earth moves round the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in London. 据说格林先生已到达伦敦。 It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 有人建议会议延期。 It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in half an hour. 接到命令，我们要在半小时内到达那里。 4．其他常见的用it作形式主语的结构 It doesn't matter that... ……是没有关系的。 It makes no difference that... ……没有影响。 It suddenly struck me/occurred to me that... 我突然想到…… Didn't it occur to you that your husband might be late? 难道你没有想过你丈夫可能会迟到吗？ [即学即练2]——单句语法填空 ①_____ has been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. ②It is required that all the students _______________ (not use) mobile phones at weekdays. ③It is doubtful ______________ I can pass the job interview. ④It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. It (should) not use whether/if that 四、主语从句需要注意的问题 1. 从句的语序：主语从句应用陈述语序。 Who did this is still unknown. 这件事是谁做的还不得而知。 2. 主句谓语动词的单复数 单个的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。但what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的数应与作表语的名词保持一致：若作表语的名词为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数；若作表语的名词为可数名词复数，谓语动词通常用复数。两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 What we need are more personal computers. 我们需要的是更多的个人电脑。 What we need is more time. 我们需要的是更多的时间。 When they will set off for London and where they will stay have not been decided yet. 他们将于何时动身去伦敦以及要住在哪里还没定下来。 When and where the conference will be held has not been decided yet. 会议将在何时何地举行还没定下来。 3．that引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，主语从句的引导词that通常也不可省略。 That they are not going to the cinema is a big surprise to us. 他们不去看电影，这使我们感到很惊讶。 It is a pity that your parents don't permit you to go with us. 很遗憾你父母不允许你和我们一起去。 [即学即练3]——单句语法填空 ①What they need now ______ (be) enough food. ②________ light travels faster than sound is common sense. ③Where we will spend our holiday and what we will prepare ______ (be) still under discussion. is That are 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．________ Mr.Li offers to his fans is honesty and happiness. 2．_______ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 3．The limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, but __________ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. What How whether 4．It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. 5．____________ breaks the law should be punished. 6．It is suggested that you ____________ (spend) more time studying English. 7．What the poor girl needs at the moment ______ (be) a chance to receive education. 8．When and where we will hold the party ___ (be) uncertain. that Whoever (should) spend is is Ⅱ.完成句子 1．最让我吃惊的是他能将汉语说得如此流利。 ________________________________ was that he could speak Chinese so fluently. 2．礼物贵不贵重不重要。真正重要的是你是不是真心送礼物。 _______________________ the gift is expensive or not. ____________________ is whether it comes from your inner heart. What surprised/amazed me most It doesn't matter whether What really matters 3．一旦你许下承诺，就应当遵守诺言，这一点是很重要的。 ________________________ you should keep your promise once you make it. It is important that 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Does it really matter ________ my motivation lies? 2．_________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 3．It doesn't matter _______ will take over the company，as no one can save it from the financial crisis. 4．_______ the child formed the habit of playing computer games made his mother angry. 5．What we will donate to them _____ (be) books and clothes. where Whether who That are Ⅱ.完成句子 1．我们将要谈论的是谁能负责组织这次庆祝活动。 __________________________ who can take charge of organizing the celebration. 2．人们认为，帮助父母做家务可以培养孩子们的责任感。 __________________ helping parents do chores can foster children's sense of responsibility. What we will talk about is It is believed that 3．事实上，他们需要的不是金钱而是知识。 Actually, ______________________ not money but knowledge. 4．根据建议，我们应该定期进行体育锻炼以保持健康。 _______________________________________________ regularly to keep healthy. 5．什么时间举办运动会正在讨论之中。 ________________________________ is being discussed. what they need is It is suggested that we (should) take physical exercise When the sports meeting will be held Ⅲ.阅读理解 Few humans have had the opportunity to see Earth from space.And for astronauts living in the International Space Station like Loral O'Hara, that view never gets old.“You know, you see it in photographs, but that doesn't compare at all to seeing it in person for the first time in 3D，”O'Hara said in a recent interview.“I just saw the ocean and the clouds—this blue and white marble against the blackness of space—and it was one of the most beautiful things I'd ever seen.” O'Hara is a flight engineer for NASA's Expedition 70 crew, who launched into space in September 2023.She and her team spent the last six months researching a range of topics：How the human brain and body adapt to microgravity, 3D-printed human heart tissue and how space changes the immune (免疫) systems of plants.One of these investigations is the Complement of Integrated Protocols for Human Exploration Research program, or CIPHER, which is intended to help researchers understand how living in space changes human's health and psychology. On Earth, gravity keeps blood and other fluids relatively low in the body.But when astronauts live in microgravity, these fluids are pushed up towards the heart, which can cause swelling, congestion (淤血) and even vision and hearing changes.Onboard the ISS, O'Hara says astronauts keep tabs on these potential health risks, performing regular eye exams and ultrasounds to collect data.The hope is to use this data not only for microgravity research, but also for research on Earth.For example, researchers know astronauts lose about 1% to 2% of their bone density per month during spaceflight.So, O'Hara and her team are analyzing bone marrow stem cells in order to better understand both this bone loss and normal aging on Earth.   O'Hara says the changes aren't just physical either.She's even had new types of dreams since she boarded the ISS last September.She says she often finds herself in small, tight spaces, looking for things on the space station. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了宇航员Loral O'Hara在国际空间站的生活和工作经历，以及她和她的团队对微重力对人体的影响的研究。 1．What does the underlined word “that” in the first paragraph refer to? A．The blue and white marble. B．The sight of space in pictures. C.The chance to see Earth from space. D．The life in the International Space Station. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 代词指代题。根据第一段的内容“(很少有人有机会从太空看到地球。对于像Loral O'Hara这样生活在国际空间站的宇航员来说，这种景色永远不会过时。‘你知道，你在照片上看到它，但那根本无法与第一次在3D中亲眼看到它相比’)”可推知，“that”指的是在照片中看到的太空景象。故选B。 2 3 1 4 2．What does CIPHER aim to do? A．Test the astronauts' health conditions. B．Understand the immune systems of plants. C．Investigate the human psychological issues. D．Study the impact of life in space on humans. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One of these...human's health and psychology.”可知，CIPHER的目标是研究太空生活对人类的影响。故选D。 2 3 1 4 3．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Astronauts can suffer hearing changes on Earth. B．Researchers check their eyes to reduce health risks. C．Microgravity leads to some physical changes. D．Bone loss research is welcome among astronauts. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But when astronauts...vision and hearing changes.”可知，微重力会导致一些身体变化。故选C。 2 3 1 4 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．What's It Like to Live in Space? B．The Research of Microgravity in Space C．Do You Dream of Living in Space? D．An Extraordinary Woman Flight Engineer 答案：A 2 3 1 4 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了宇航员Loral O'Hara在国际空间站的生活和工作经历，以及她和她的团队对微重力对人体的影响的研究。所以最佳标题应该是“生活在太空是什么感觉”。故选A。 2 3 1 4 Ⅳ.完形填空 It is well-known that China has made clear plans to send astronauts to land on the Moon before 2030 and is steadily 1 ．However, China has done many things besides that. Many countries are interested in Mars (火星).So far, about 50 Mars missions have been 2 globally.But nearly half of them have 3 to get there.The 4 about failure went with Tianwen1, China's first Mars exploring probe, which was launched on July 23, 2020. After around 10 months of travelling, the craft landed 5 on the surface of the planet on May 15, 2021.The good news that we made 6 met with both relief and celebration in the country and the concern disappeared.The success marks that China has become one of the leading 7 of outer space.It also reveals that China has got breakthroughs (突破) in the development of space exploration technologies as they are all entirely developed 8 ． Why can China do this without any outside help? It is the can-do spirit.The Chinese people use wisdom and courage to 9 all the difficulties.In the early 1960s, when the country 10 a poor and backward country, the government decided to 11 rocket and space technologies：With the correct direction and continuous efforts, we get to where we are today step 12 step. On April 29, 2021, China sent Tianhe Core Module (天和核心舱) into space, 13 the construction of China's space station.Two weeks ago, three astronauts took Shenzhou-17 to the station and began their 6 months of working and living there. China has been devoted to the peaceful use of outer space and has made many 14 to it.In some of the space missions, China welcomes the 15 who have the same belief.Let's expect what China will achieve in the future! [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国在太空探索领域所取得的成就，包括发射探测器、建设空间站等，以及中国人民的勤劳勇敢精神和智慧对取得这些成就的贡献。 2 3 1 4 1．A.putting off　　　　　　 B．slowing down C．pushing forward D．stepping back 答案：C 根据下文“However, China has done many things besides that.”以及下文中国已经取得的成就可知，这一计划正在稳步推进。故选C。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.carried out B．carried away C．carried off D．carried on 答案：A 根据上文“Many countries are interested in Mars.”可知，有许多国家都对去火星感兴趣，由此可知，全球已经执行了大约50次火星任务。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.failed B．begun C．succeeded D．attempted 答案：A 根据句首词“but”可知，本句和上文存在转折关系。由此可知，虽然全球已经执行了大约50次火星任务，但是近一半没能成功。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.loss B．concern C．awareness D．ignorance 答案：B 根据下文“the concern disappeared”可知，中国“天问一号”探测器发射时引发了人们的担忧。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.obviously B．calmly C．suddenly D．successfully 答案：D 根据下文“The success marks that China has become one of the leading 7 of outer space.”可知，探测船成功降落在火星表面。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.it B．him C．them D．one 答案：A 根据下文“The success marks...of outer space.”可知，探测船成功降落在火星表面。make it意为“成功做某事”，符合句意。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.applicants B．officials C．explorers D．judges 答案：C 根据上文“Many countries are interested...have 3 to get there.”可知，很多国家对火星感兴趣，全球已经执行了大约50次火星任务，但有近一半的任务都失败了。由此可知，“天问一号”的成功登陆标志着中国已经成为太空探索的领先国家之一。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.independently B．definitely C．quickly D．fortunately 答案：A 根据下文“Why can China do this without any outside help？”可知，中国在空间探索技术的发展方面取得突破并没有依靠外在的帮助。由此可知，它们都是完全自主开发的。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.get back B．get over C．get along D．get up 答案：B 根据上文“Why can China do this without any outside help? It is the can-do spirit.”可知，中国人民克服了一切困难。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.measured B．accounted C．remained D．attracted 答案：C 根据时间状语“In the early 1960s”以及常识可知，中国在20世纪60年代初还是一个贫穷且落后的国家。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.remove B．exchange C．regret D．develop 答案：D 根据上文“It also reveals...entirely developed 8 ．”可知，空处指的是中国决定发展火箭和航天技术。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.on B．in C．by D．about 答案：C 根据“With the correct direction and continuous efforts”可知，中国通过不断努力，一步一步地走到今天。step by step意为“一步一步”，符合句意。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.starting B．counting C．suffering D．cutting 答案：A 根据上文“On April 29, 2021, China sent Tianhe Core Module (天和核心舱) into space”可知，中国从将天和核心舱送入太空开始了中国空间站的建设。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.advances B．contributions C．mistakes D．efforts 答案：B 根据上文内容可知，中国已经在太空探索方面作出了许多贡献。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.partners B．workers C．teachers D．enemies 答案：A 根据下文“who have the same belief”可知，中国欢迎的是有共同信念的合作伙伴。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国正在研制新一代运载火箭，以便将航天员送上月球，该项目将于2030年完成。 China is developing a new-generation launch vehicle 1. (send) astronauts to the moon, which will be completed by 2030. 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国正在研制新一代运载火箭以便将航天员送上月球，该项目将于2030年完成。根据语境可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to send。 答案：to send The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27 tonnes of payload (有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the 14th Airshow China 2. (hold) in south China's Zhuhai City, during which a model of the rocket 3. (display). The diameter (直径) of 4. (it) core will be similar to that of the Long March-5 heavy-lift rocket, which is five meters. The Long March-5 is China's most 5. (power) launch vehicle currently in operational service, 6. a maximum payload capacity of 25 tonnes to low Earth orbit (LEO). It has been used to send China's three space station modules, 7. (weigh) about 66 tonnes, into LEO. 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国国际电视台从在中国南部珠海市举行的第14届中国航展上(在此期间，展出了一个火箭模型)获悉，新型火箭将高90米，能够将27吨有效载荷送入月球轨道。动词hold和被修饰词the 14th Airshow China是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填held。 答案：held 3．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，此处定语从句描述的是过去的事情，主语a model of the rocket和动词display是被动关系，所以谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was displayed。 答案：was displayed 4．考查代词。句意：它的核心直径将与“长征五号”重型运载火箭的直径相似，即五米。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰后面的名词core。故填its。 答案：its 5．考查词性转换。句意：“长征五号”是中国目前投入运行的最强大的运载火箭，最大有效载荷能力为25吨，可进入近地轨道(LEO)。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处需要形容词，意为“强大的”，作定语，修饰后面的名词短语launch vehicle。故填powerful。 答案：powerful 6．考查介词。句意见上一题解析。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处为with的复合结构，表示“有”。故填with。 答案：with 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：它已被用于将中国三个重约66吨的空间站模块送入近地轨道。根据句意可知，本句中的weigh意思为“重量是……”，是连系动词，无被动形式，所以此处用现在分词形式，表示主动。故填weighing。 答案：weighing In addition to 8. new rocket for manned mission, China is also developing a new crewed capsule and a lunar lander, 9. will be able to send three astronauts to the lunar orbit and allow two of them to land on the moon. 8．考查冠词。句意：除了用于载人任务的新型火箭外，中国还正在研制一个新的载人太空舱和一个月球着陆器，这将能够将三名航天员送入月球轨道，并允许其中两名航天员登月。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处new rocket for manned mission是特指，所以用定冠词the。故填the。 答案：the 9．考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。根据句子结构和意思可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a new crewed capsule and a lunar lander，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 答案：which Meanwhile, China is also working on a series of reusable space launch and transport systems that will 10. (significant) boost its space shuttle capability, lower costs and empower future development in this area. 10．考查词性转换。句意：与此同时，中国还正在开发一系列可重复使用的航天发射和运输系统，这将大大提高其航天飞机的能力，降低成本，并为该领域的未来发展提供动力。此处修饰动词boost，应用副词significantly。故填significantly。 答案：significantly $$