U3 Period Ⅴ Extended reading-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

选择性必修第二册 Unit 3　Fit for life Period Ⅴ　Extended reading & Other parts 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 关键能力 互动探究 精读课文 理解语篇 精读课文 理解语篇 Part 1　教材原文助读   Acupuncture①：magic needles One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is the art of “magic needles②”，or Chinese acupuncture.It was developed long ago，perhaps as early as 2000 BCE.There is evidence③ that acupuncture dates back to④ the Stone Age，when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. that引导同位语从句。 when引导非限制性定语从句。 ①acupuncture/'ækjupʌŋktʃə(r)/n.[U]针刺疗法 　acupuncture point 针刺穴位 　acupuncturist n．[C]针疗医师 ②needle/'niːdl/n.[C]针；注射针；指针 ③evidence/'evIdəns/n.[U，C]证据，证明；[U]物证，人证 vt.证明，表明 ④date back to 追溯到，始于，自……至今 针刺疗法：神针 “神针”艺术，或称中国针刺疗法，是最著名的中医疗法之一。它发源于很久以前，也许早至公元前2000年。有证据表明针刺疗法可追溯到石器时代，当时一种叫作“砭”的石器被用来按压身体部位。 As acupuncture developed，the simple bian stones were replaced⑤ by stone needles.Eventually，metal needles began to appear and took the place of stone needles.These solid⑥ needles are made of different metals，such as gold and silver.Some acupuncturists today still use gold and silver needles，but the majority have now switched⑦ to stainless steel⑧ ones.In addition to the changes in material，the shapes of the needles have also changed over time.Originally，there were nine different kinds of needles，with variations⑨ in shape.Nowadays，the fine sharp needles that measure usually between 15 and 75 millimetres in length are still used，while most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments⑩. as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。 while为并列连词，意为“而”。 ⑤replace vt.替代，取代 　[同义]take the place of ⑥solid/'sɒlId/adj.实心的；固体的；结实的；纯色的 ⑦switch/swItʃ/vi.& vt.转变；交换；调班 n．开关，闸；转变，改变 ⑧stainless steel 不锈钢 　stainless/'steInləs/adj.不生锈的；无瑕的 　steel/stiːl/n.[U]钢；钢铁工业 ⑨variation n．[C，U](数量、水平等的)变化，变更，变异 ⑩medical instruments 医疗器械 　instrument n．[C]器械；仪器；器具 随着针刺疗法的发展，简单的砭石被石针所取代。最终，金属针开始出现并取代了石针。这些实心针是由金和银等不同的金属制成的。一些针灸师如今仍在使用金针和银针，但大多数现在已经改用不锈钢针了。除了材料的变化，针的形状也随着时间的推移而发生了改变。最初，有9种不同的针，其形状各不相同。如今，长度通常在15到75毫米之间的又细又长的针仍在被使用，而其他大多数针都已被更复杂的医疗器械所取代。 So what happens during a visit to the acupuncture clinic⑪？First，the acupuncturist examines⑫ the patient，looking at the patient's skin and tongue⑬，listening to the sound of his or her voice and breathing，and smelling his or her breath.Then the acupuncturist asks some questions about the patient's condition⑭ and feels his or her pulse⑮.This is a particularly important step according to the energy theory behind acupuncture.The acupuncturist can check the pulse in three positions on each wrist⑯，and every one of them is connected with a major body organ⑰.By checking all the positions，the acupuncturist can find out which energy channel does not have enough energy. 三个现在分词短语并列作伴随状语。 which引导宾语从句。 ⑪clinic/'klInIk/n.[C]私人诊所；门诊部；门诊时间 ⑫examine/Iɡ'zæmIn/vt.检查，检验；审查，调查；考，测试；审问 ⑬tongue/tʌŋ/n.[C]舌头；语言 ⑭condition [熟词生义]n.[U，sing.]健康状况 ⑮pulse/pʌls/n.[usually sing.]脉搏 vi.搏动，跳动；洋溢着 　feel one's pulse 给某人把脉 　check the pulse 检查脉搏 ⑯wrist/rIst/n.[C]手腕，腕关节 ⑰organ/'ɔːɡən/n.[C]器官；风琴；机构，机关 　a major body organ一个主要的身体器官 那么去针灸诊所的时候会发生什么呢？首先，针灸师会检查病人，看病人的皮肤和舌象，听他/她的声音和气息，还要闻他/她呼吸的味道。然后针灸师会问一些关于病情的问题，并为病人把脉。根据针刺疗法背后的能量理论，这是一个特别重要的步骤。针灸师可以在每个手腕的三个位置进行把脉，每个位置都与身体的一个主要器官相连。通过检查所有的位置，针灸师可以发现哪个能量通道没有足够的能量。 According to the results of the check-up，the acupuncturist then selects certain points on the body called acupuncture points.Needles are pushed into the skin at these points so that a health problem can be treated.Up to now，more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified，each linked to a different part of the body.Sometimes the needles are pushed into points near the body part affected by a disease 10，and sometimes into points that are not so close to it 11. 过去分词短语作后置定语。 so that引导目的状语从句。 此处为独立主格结构。 10 过去分词短语作后置定语。 11 that引导定语从句。 根据把脉结果，针灸针随后会在患者身体上选择一些被称作穴位的点。在这些穴位上扎针可以治疗健康问题。到目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每个穴位对应身体的一个不同部位。有时针扎的穴位靠近受疾病影响的身体部位，有时则不然。 Over the years，acupuncture has been used to treat a wide variety of health problems，including severe⑱ pains，blood pressure issues，stomach discomfort⑲，sports injuries and weight problems.And it has been used to treat more than just physical problems—acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression⑳ and anxiety㉑ too 12.Acupuncture has also been applied to treat people who abuse alcohol㉒，tobacco or drugs 13. 12 that引导宾语从句。 13 who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。 ⑱severe/sI'vIə(r)/adj.十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的 ⑲discomfort n．[U]不舒服 　[派生构词]dis-(否定前缀)＋comfort (n.舒服)→discomfort (n.) ⑳depression n．[U]抑郁 　[词链]depress (vt.使抑郁)→depression (n.)→depressive (adj.抑郁的) ㉑anxiety/æŋ'zaIəti/n.[U]焦虑；渴望；[C]担心 ㉒abuse alcohol 酗酒 　abuse/ə'bjuːz/vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂 　/ə'bjuːs/n.[U]滥用；虐待；辱骂 　alcohol/'ælkəhɒl/n.[U]酒精，酒 多年来，针刺疗法被用于治疗各种各样的健康问题，包括严重的疼痛、血压问题、胃部不适、运动损伤和肥胖问题。针刺疗法不仅可以用于治疗生理疾病，针灸师还发现针刺疗法对抑郁症和焦虑症等心理疾病的治疗也有帮助。针刺疗法也被用于治疗酗酒、嗜烟、嗜毒的人群。 How acupuncture actually works 14 is not clearly understood.For example，there are different theories trying to explain how it eases pain㉓ 15，but no agreement has been reached.One theory explaining this phenomenon㉔ 16 suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain 17.Another theory relates acupuncture to the production of a substance㉕ in the body which can reduce pain. 14 how引导主语从句。 15 现在分词短语作后置定语。 16 现在分词短语作后置定语。 17 that引导宾语从句。 ㉓ease/reduce pain 减轻疼痛 ㉔phenomenon/fə'nɒmInən/n. 　[C](pl.phenomena/fə'nɒmInə/) 　现象 ㉕substance/'sʌbstəns/n.[C]物质；[U]要点 针刺疗法的实际工作原理尚不清楚。例如，有不同的理论试图解释针刺疗法如何减轻痛苦，但众说纷纭。解释这一现象的一种理论认为，针刺疗法阻止了疼痛信号到达大脑。另一种理论认为，针刺疗法让人体产生了一种能减轻疼痛的物质。 Despite the uncertainty about its medical basis㉖，acupuncture has become a popular form of treatment.As a unique contribution of traditional Chinese medicine，acupuncture spread to many other Asian countries，such as Japan，as early as the 6th century.It was introduced to the West around the 16th century.In 2010，acupuncture was included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List.Today，acupuncture is recognized as a symbol㉗ of traditional Chinese culture and has come into widespread㉘ use around the world.The World Health Organization recommends acupuncture as a good treatment for over 100 medical problems.While doubts about its safety have gradually disappeared，interest continues to grow. ㉖medical basis 医学根据 ㉗symbol/'sImbl/n.[C]象征；符号，代号 ㉘widespread/'waIdspred/ 　adj.分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 尽管针刺疗法的医学基础还不确定，但它已经成为一种流行的治疗形式。针刺疗法为中国传统医学做出了独特贡献，传播到了许多其他亚洲国家，如早在6世纪的日本。针刺疗法在大约16世纪被引入西方。2010年，针刺疗法被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。如今，针刺疗法被认为是中国传统文化的象征，在世界各地广泛使用。世界卫生组织推荐使用针刺疗法这种优良疗法来治疗100多种医学疾病。人们对针刺疗法安全性的怀疑逐渐减少，而对它的兴趣不断增加。 Part 2　语篇研析 Ⅰ.理清文章层次结构 dates back to replaced metal examines pulse needles physical works Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案 1．What's the main purpose of the text? A．To present a study result about acupuncture. B．To introduce an art of “magic needles”． C．To explain a way to treat patients. D．To propose new means of treating patients. 答案：B 2．What's the attitude of the author towards acupuncture? A．Doubtful.　　　　　　 B．Positive. C．Regretful. D．Vague. 答案：B 3．What were the stone tools called bian used for in ancient times? A．They were used to drive away wild animals. B．They were used to build houses. C．They were used to press certain areas of the body. D．They were used to make Chinese herbal medicines for the patients. 答案：C 4．What is the right order when the acupuncturist treats the patient? ①The acupuncturist examines the patient. ②The acupuncturist pushes needles into the patient's skin. ③The acupuncturist asks the patient some questions. ④The acupuncturist selects acupuncture points on the body. A．③→④→①→② B．③→①→④→② C．①→③→④→② D．①→③→②→④ 答案：C 5．What does “it” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．The theory. B．The acupuncturist. C．Acupuncture. D．The agreement. 答案：C Ⅲ.课文语法填空 One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is Chinese acupuncture, which dates back 1._____ the Stone Age.Stone tools were used to press areas of the body and 2.__________(replace) by stone needles later.3.____________ (original), there were nine different kinds of needles, with variations in shape. to　 replaced Originally During a visit to the acupuncture clinic, the acupuncturist first examines the patient, then followed by 4._________ (ask) some questions about the patient's condition and feeling his or her pulse.All check－ups are made 5.__________ (select) certain points on the body called acupuncture points.Needles are pushed into the skin at these points so that a health problem can be treated.Over the years, acupuncture has been used to treat 6.___ wide variety of health problems, more than just physical problems—acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and 7.______ (anxious) too.Acupuncture has also been applied to treat people who abuse alcohol，8.______ (drug) or tobacco. asking to select a anxiety drugs Today, acupuncture is recognized 9.____ a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and 10.__________ (come) into widespread use around the world already. as has come Ⅳ.句式分析和翻译 1．There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句，主句部分是_______________；that引导____________从句，对evidence的内容进行解释说明；when引导________________从句，修饰the Stone Age；called bian为过去分词短语作____________，修饰名词短语stone tools。 There is evidence 同位语　 非限制性定语　 后置定语 [自主翻译]　____________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 有证据表明针刺疗法可追溯到石器时代，当时一种叫作“砭”的石器被用来按压身体部位。 2．Nowadays, the fine sharp needles that measure usually between 15 and 75 millimetres in length are still used, while most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句，that measure usually between 15 and 75 millimetres in length为_______从句，修饰needles；主句为____________________________________；while是连词，意为“____________”。 定语 the fine sharp needles are still used 而，然而 [自主翻译]　____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 如今，长度通常在15到75毫米之间的又细又长的针仍在被使用，而其他大多数针都已被更复杂的医疗器械所取代。 3．Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each linked to a different part of the body. [句式分析]　本句为______句，时态为____________，表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在(甚至到将来)，常与up to now，so far，since then等连用；each linked to a different part of the body为___________结构，其构成形式为“代词＋过去分词”。 简单 现在完成时　 独立主格 [自主翻译]　____________________________________________ ________________________________ 到目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每个穴位对应身体的一个不同部位。 4．How acupuncture actually works is not clearly understood. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句，How acupuncture actually works为________从句。 [自主翻译]　_________________________________________ 主语 针刺疗法的实际工作原理尚不清楚。 5．For example，there are different theories trying to explain how it eases pain，but no agreement has been reached. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句，trying to explain how it eases pain为现在分词短语作__________，修饰名词theories；how it eases pain为______从句，作explain的_______；no agreement has been reached的时态为____________。 [自主翻译]　____________________________________________ _____________________ 后置定语 宾语 宾语 现在完成时 例如，有不同的理论试图解释针刺疗法如何减轻痛苦，但众说纷纭。 关键能力 互动探究 词汇识记 1．fuel vt.增加，刺激；给……提供燃料n.燃料 (1)The vehicle would not have the capacity to make the journey on one tank of fuel.一箱燃料不够这辆车行完路程。 (2)Her insatiable curiosity about the world around her led her to explore every corner of her backyard as a child, and as an adult, it fueled her passion for traveling and discovering new cultures.她对周围世界永不满足的好奇心使她在孩提时代探索后院的每一个角落，成年后，这激发了她对旅行和发现新文化的热情。 disturbed adj.感到不安的；心烦意乱的 disturbing adj.令人不安的，引起烦恼的 2．disturb vt.使不安；打扰；搅乱   The disturbing news disturbed the family's peaceful life and the family all felt disturbed.这个令人不安的消息扰乱了这家人平静的生活，全家人都感到不安。 3．tackle vt.应付，处理，解决 The government took immediate measures to tackle the incident.政府立即采取措施处理了这一事件。 4．head-on adv.积极地，果断地；正面相撞地adj.迎头相撞的；正面反对的 5．go to great lengths to do sth.竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事 They will go to great lengths to help the children who lost their parents in the earthquake.他们将竭尽全力帮助在地震中失去父母的孩子们。 6．adjust vt.& vi.调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理   The desks and chairs are adjustable and you can adjust them to the height of the students.The adjustment is not difficult to make.课桌和椅子是可调节的，你可以根据学生的高度来调节。做调整并不难。 adjustment n．调整，调节；适应 adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的 7．centimetre (AmE centimeter) n．厘米 8．acupuncture n．针刺疗法 9．needle n．针；注射针；指针 10．evidence n．证据，证明；物证，人证vt.证明，表明     (1)He's wise in other ways too, as evidenced by his reason for switching from tennis to golf.他在其他方面同样明智，这一点可以从他从打网球转向打高尔夫的理由中得到证明。 (2)Plenty of evidence suggests that it is evident that we can finish the task on time.大量的证据表明，我们显然能够按时完成这项任务。 evident adj.明显的，清楚的 evidently adv.明显地， 清楚地 11．date back to 追溯到，始于，自……至今 On the top of the mountain are several old temples dating back to the Ming Dynasty.山顶上有几座明代古庙。 12．solid adj.实心的；固体的；结实的；纯色的 13．switch vi.& vt.转变；交换；调班n.开关，闸；转变，改变 (1)The central heating system had been switched off, so the room was as cold as ice.中央供暖系统已经关闭，所以房间里冷得像冰一样。 (2)Today, we have to use switches for our lights and knobs for our appliances.今天，我们的灯要用开关，电器要用旋钮。 (3)As a consequence of the heavy rain, the date of the sports meeting was switched.由于大雨，运动会的日期改变了。 (4)What he wants is a switch to a market economy in a way which does not reduce people's standard of living.他想要的是转向市场经济，在某种程度上不会降低人们的生活水平。 14．stainless adj.不生锈的；无瑕的 He wears a stainless white shirt today.他今天穿了一件无瑕的白衬衫。 15．steel n．钢；钢铁工业 16．millimetre (AmE millimeter) n．毫米 17．clinic n．私人诊所；门诊部；门诊时间 His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics.他的非营利组织经营着100艘内河船，用作漂流图书馆、学校和诊所。 18．examine vt.检查，检验；审查，调查；考，测试；审问     (1)Recently, the boy has had a decline in sight, so he should have his eyes examined.最近，这个男孩的视力下降了，所以他应该检查一下眼睛。 (2)Jane had a high fever, and her parents suggested she(should) have a medical examination.简发高烧，她的父母建议她做一次体检。 exam n．考试 examiner n．检查人；主考人 examination n．检查；考试 19．tongue n．舌头；语言 His parents immigrated when he was two，but they still insisted that their child learn their mother tongue.他的父母在他两岁时移民了，但是他们仍然坚持让他们的孩子学习他们的母语。 20．pulse n．脉搏vi.搏动，跳动；洋溢着 His pulse rate dropped suddenly.他的脉搏速率突然下降。 21．wrist n．手腕，腕关节 22．organ n．器官；风琴；机构，机关 23．severe adj.十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的 (1)The reason for which Tom was not present at today's conference was that his mother suffered from a severe heart attack yesterday.汤姆没有出席今天的会议的原因是他母亲昨天遭受了一次严重的心脏病发作。 (2)Whoever ignores traffic rules will get punished severely.任何忽视交通法规的人都将被严厉惩罚。 24．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；渴望       Children normally feel a great deal of anxiety about their exams，which their parents are also anxious about.孩子们通常对他们的考试感到非常焦虑，他们的父母对此也很焦虑。 anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的；渴望的，非常希望的 anxiously adv.忧虑地，不安地 25．abuse vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂n.滥用；虐待；辱骂 (1)He abused alcohol and tobacco，so he was physically unhealthy.他酗酒抽烟，所以身体不健康。 (2)Mary has a difficult life and is often abused by her stepmother.玛丽的生活很艰难，经常受到继母的虐待。 (3)Parents shouldn't abuse children with sharp words.父母不应该用严厉的言辞辱骂孩子。 26．alcohol n．酒精，酒 27．tobacco n．烟草 28．drug n．毒品；药物 29．phenomenon n．(pl.phenomena) 现象 These ocean waves are among the earth's most complicated natural phenomena.这些海浪是地球上最复杂的自然现象之一。 30．substance n．物质；要点 These two chemicals interact with each other at a certain temperature to produce a substance which could cause an explosion.这两种化学物质在一定温度下相互作用，产生一种可能引起爆炸的物质。 31．symbol n．象征；符号，代号 The dove is a universal symbol of peace.鸽子是和平的普遍象征。 32．widespread adj.分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 The plan received widespread support throughout the country.这项计划得到了全国的普遍支持。 33．bandage n．绷带 34．infection n．传染，感染       Shaking hands with people infected with HIV won't cause infection.与艾滋病病毒感染者握手不会导致感染。 infect vt.感染， 传染 infectious adj.传染的，传染性的；有感染力的 35．department n．(医院的)科，部门，局，系 Employees from each department elected a representative.每个部门的员工选出一名代表。 默写练习 【限时：15分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．_______ vt.增加，刺激；给……提供燃料 n．燃料 2．_______ vt.应付，处理，解决 3．________ adj.实心的；固体的；结实的；纯色的 4．__________ vi.& vt.转变；交换；调班 n．开关，闸；转变，改变 fuel tackle solid switch 5．____________ vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂 n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 6．____________ n．现象 7．____________ adj.分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 8．___________ vt.使不安；打扰；搅乱→__________ adj.心烦意乱的；心神不安的→____________ adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 abuse phenomenon widespread disturb disturbed　 disturbing 9．______ vt.& vi.调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理→__________ adj.可调整的，可调节的→ ____________ n．调整，调节 10．_________ n．证据，证明；物证，人证 vt.证明，表明→ ________ adj.明显的，清楚的→___________ adv.明显地；显然地 adjust adjustable adjustment evidence evident evidently 11．__________ vt.检查，检验；审查，调查；考试，测试；审问→____________ n．检查，检验；审查，调查；考，测试；审问 12．_________ adj.十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的 →____________ adv.严重地；严格地；严厉地；严肃地 13．_________ n．焦虑；担心；渴望→_________ adj.焦虑的；担心的；渴望的→____________ adv.焦虑地，不安地 examine　 examination severe severely anxiety anxious anxiously 14．________ n．象征；符号，代号→ ________ adj.作为象征的，象征性的→__________ n．象征主义，象征手法→__________ v．象征；作为……的象征 15．_________ n．传染，感染→_______ vt.传染，感染→____________ adj.传染的；有感染力的 symbol symbolic symbolism　 symbolize infection infect infectious Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．While the poor dog was ____________(severe) injured in the accident，it didn't leave its owner. 2．They should take effective steps to make _____________(adjust) to the new environment. 3．We can't focus on our homework with the __________(disturb) noise from the construction site. severely adjustments disturbing 4．Receiving the news of his father's sickness，he burst into tears with great ____________ (anxious). 5．People who are exposed to the ____________ (infect) of the bacteria can restore their health automatically. anxiety infection Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1．________________________ 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事 2．_______________ 追溯到，始于，自……至今 3．______________ 遭受；患病 4．_____________ 引起，使发生，导致 5．_______________ 提出，想出 go to great lengths to do sth. date back to suffer from give rise to come up with 6．________________ 引路，带路；做某项活动的先行者 7．________________ 提出 8．________________ 代替，取代 9．________________ 开始使用 10．________________ 对……施加压力 lead the way put forward take the place of come into use put pressure on Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．I began to ________________ headaches，which left me feeling completely drained. 2．Because of the great increase in rainfall, rivers are full of water, which __________ great－tasting fish and shrimps. suffer from gives rise to 3．Although she is on a tight budget，she often ____________ ______________ help others. 4．The vase，________________ the Ming Dynasty，has turned out to be an artificial copy. 5．What's more，we can ______________________ our own ideas and learn more through the discussion. goes to great lengths to dating back to come up with/put forward 词汇精研 1．go to great lengths to do sth.竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事 [教材原文]No.9 High School is one of those that have gone to great lengths to protect students' eyes，coming up with many effective solutions.第九中学是那些竭尽全力保护学生眼睛的学校之一，提出了许多行之有效的解决办法。 at length 最后，终于；长时间地；详细地，彻底地 at full length 极为详细地，全身平直地 the length and breadth of...到处，处处 at arm's length 在伸臂可及/一臂之长之处；保持一定距离 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We managed to describe what had happened at full ____________ (long) to the policeman. ②他将竭尽全力去完成这项工作。 He'll ________________________ get the job done. length go to great lengths to 2.adjust vt.& vi.调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理 [教材原文]The school has adjusted all the lights to make sure the classrooms are well lit.学校已经调整了所有的灯光，以确保教室光线充足。 (1)adjust...to...为配合……而调整…… adjust to...适应…… adjust oneself to使自己适应 (2)adjustment n．调整；调节 make an adjustment to 对……进行调整 (3)adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It took a few weeks for her to adjust to ________ (live) in the city. ②The ____________ glasses can give you a clear vision at a distance.They can ____________ for special visual needs.Moreover, the ____________ is not difficult to make.(adjust) living adjustable be adjusted　 adjustment ③迈克上高中的时候，他妈妈几乎为他做了所有的事，这让他很难适应大学一年级的生活。 Mike's mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school，making it difficult for him _________________________ _____________． to adjust to the first-year college life ④(建议信) 得知你在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难，我写信给你一些建议，希望能对你有帮助。 Knowing that _____________________________________________ _________________，I'm writing to give you some tips，which I hope will be of help to you. you have some difficulty in adjusting yourself to the new school life [名师点津]　adjust...to.../adjust (oneself) to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动词的－ing形式。 3．date back to 追溯到，始于，自……至今 [教材原文]　There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.有证据表明针刺疗法可追溯到石器时代，当时一种叫作“砭”的石器被用来按压身体部位。 date back (to...)(＝date from) 追溯到，始于，自……至今 out of date 过时的，陈旧的 up to date 最新式的；现代的 to date (＝so far) 迄今，至今，到目前为止 fix/set a date for 确定……的日期 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①The old town ____________ (date) back to the late seventeenth century. ②I have had many books on literature ____ date，but none of them are up _____ date. ③As far as I know, they have set the date _____ the meeting. dates to to for ④The festival is held in November every year.It dates back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn. →The festival ____________________________ to celebrate the harvest in autumn is held in November every year.(分词短语作定语) dating back to the Ming Dynasty [名师点津]　　date back to/date from常用于一般现在时，不用于被动语态。常用其现在分词形式作后置定语。 4．switch vi.& vt.转变；交换；调班 n．开关，闸；转变，改变 [教材原文]Some acupuncturists today still use gold and silver needles，but the majority have now switched to stainless steel ones.一些针灸师如今仍在使用金针和银针，但大多数现在已经改用不锈钢针了。 (1)switch to 转换 switch sb./sth.to sb./sth.把……转接/换到…… switch over (to sth.) (使)变换/转换为 switch on 打开，接通；使入迷 switch off 关闭；(使)没兴趣；使停止谈话；切断 switch into 变为 (2)make a switch 转变一下 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)I experienced this when I started switching ______ a zero waste lifestyle five years ago. ②He was tired after the hard work, so he switched the lights _______ and went to bed. ③(心理描写)他们把讨论变成了争论，我想让他们停止谈话。 They ________________________ an argument，and I wanted to ________________． to off switched the discussion to switch them off 5.anxiety n．焦虑；担心；渴望 [教材原文]And it has been used to treat more than just physical problems—acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety too.针刺疗法不仅可以用于治疗生理疾病，针灸师还发现针刺疗法对抑郁症和焦虑症等心理疾病的治疗也有帮助。 (1)with anxiety 焦虑地 (2)anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的；渴望的 be anxious for sb./about sth.为某人/某事担心/忧虑 be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事 be anxious for...渴望…… (3)anxiously adv.焦急地，忧虑地 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She waited for the test results with ____________ (anxious). ②She was anxious ____________ (know) what had happened. ③____________ (anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. ④我非常担心即将到来的考试，以至于晚上睡不着觉。 I'm ________________________________ that I can hardly fall asleep at night. anxiety to know　 Anxiously so anxious about the coming exam [名师点津]　表示渴望(做)某事的常用短语还有long to do sth./for sth.，desire to do sth./for sth.，be eager to do sth./for sth.，be dying to do sth./for sth.等。 句式剖析 1．“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语 [教材原文]They have sent out information advising all parents on how to protect their children's eyes.他们已经发出信息，建议所有父母如何保护孩子的眼睛。 句中“疑问词＋不定式”构成的短语作介词on的宾语。“疑问词＋不定式(短语)”的作用相当于一个名词性从句，常用在某些动词如tell, know, imagine, learn, decide, forget, remember, consider, understand等后面作宾语，另外还可作主语、表语、同位语等。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The boy often tells his friends ________ to do with the daily problems. ②We are considering how ____________ (tell) the man the bad news. ③其中一个策略涉及在哪里陈列商品。 One tactic involves ____________________ the goods. ④他们总是告诉我该做什么和该怎么做。 They always told me ________________ and ________________ it. what to tell where to display what to do 　how to do 2.独立主格结构作状语 [教材原文]Up to now，more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified，each linked to a different part of the body.到目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每个穴位对应身体的一个不同部位。 句中each linked to a different part of the body为独立主格结构作状语，过去分词短语linked to a different part of the body与其逻辑主语 each之间为被动关系。 (1)独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等； (2)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，它独立存在；②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系；③独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开； (3)独立主格结构的构成：①名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式；②名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The party will be held in the garden，weather _________ (permit). ②Much time ____________ (spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems. permitting　 spent ③因为这是我第一次表演，所以我很紧张以至于感觉几乎无法呼吸了。 →________________________________，I was so nervous that I felt I could hardly breathe. →________________________________，I was so nervous that I felt I could hardly breathe. As this was my first performance This being my first performance 3.suggest后的宾语从句 [教材原文]One theory explaining this phenomenon suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain.解释这一现象的一种理论认为，针刺疗法阻止了疼痛信号到达大脑。 句中that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain 为suggest的宾语从句，suggest在此处意为“表明，暗示”。 suggest后接宾语从句时，有两种情况： (1)suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，宾语从句要用陈述语气； (2)suggest表示“建议”时， 宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 [即学即练]——完成句子/同义句转换 ①这个决定表明他可能把家属带来。 The decision ________________________________________. ②医生们建议不要把新医院建在山上。 The doctors made a suggestion that ___________________________ ______ on the hill. ③I suggested putting off the sports meeting until the next week. →I suggested that ____________________________________ until the next week. suggested that he might bring his family the new hospital (should) not be the sports meeting (should) be put off set up [名师点津]　在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后的宾语从句以及这些动词的名词形式后面的同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 常见的此类动词：一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三要求(require，demand，request)，四建议(suggest，advise，propose，recommend)。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．We had to find gas stations to get enough ____________ (燃料) to continue our journey. 2．Sometimes he may be ____________ (打扰) by the noise outside the house. 3．New ____________ (证据) is needed to prove his idea and get it accepted by the public. fuel　 disturbed　 evidence 4．You have to get your nose ____________ (检查) by the doctor before taking medicine. 5．I noticed some strange ____________ (现象) before the storm yesterday. 6．The new educational system has gained ____________ (广泛的) attention. examined phenomena widespread 7．One of the tasks of the kindergarten is to teach children how to ________ (处理) daily problems. 8．The doctor started his own _______ (私人诊所) to help more patients for free. 9．In fact, it was originally a ______ (实心的) rock and cut into a hollow. 10．What she did was an ______ (滥用) of her position as manager. tackle clinic solid abuse Ⅱ.选词填空 date back to, go to great lengths to do, suffer from, come up with, take action, switch to, as a result, take the place of, be connected with, at a distance 1．You may feel uncomfortable even when you ________________ the common cold. 2．The death of water plants ________________ the poor quality of water. suffer from is connected with 3．The famous tower ________________ the Qing Dynasty. 4．You can find something interesting if you look at the picture _____________． 5．The young man ________________ a practical plan for the coming term. 6．Robots are not able to ________________ human workers. 7．The wind is strong.________________， you have to stay indoors. dates back to at a distance came up with take the place of As a result 8．The government will ______________ to stop the noise affecting people's rest. 9．She worked as a librarian before ____________ journalism. 10．We should ____________________ help students learn to survive in nature. take action switching to go to great lengths to Ⅲ.完成句子 1．他在课堂上聚精会神地听着，眼睛盯在黑板上。 He was listening attentively in class, ______________________ ______________． 2．有人建议我们在晚会上表演一个节目。 It was suggested that ____________________________________． his eyes fixed on the blackboard we (should) give a performance at the party 3．在考虑上哪所大学之前，学生们应该对大学有一个正确的态度。 Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about ________________________． 4．收到一封邀请我欣赏绘画的信，我感到很兴奋。 Receiving a letter ____________________________________，I was very excited. which college to attend inviting me to appreciate paintings　 5．我们渴望了解农业技术的最新发展。 We ________________________ the latest development of farming technology. are anxious to learn about 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to _______ (live) in the mountainous village alone. 2．Her _________ (anxious) increased with the approach of the exam. 3．I would go to great __________ (length) to fulfill my promise. living anxiety lengths 4．I would like now to switch ____ quite a different subject. 5．________ (date) back to 300 years ago，the stone house is well preserved. 6．We stood there at the door，not knowing what _____ (do) in the lab. 7．The public are worried to see the river has been ____________ (severe) polluted. to Dating severely to do 8．Strange ____________ (phenomenon) of the clouds promise a strong storm. 9．____________ (alcohol) drinks are forbidden to be sold to children. 10．This ____________ (infect) is transmitted by mosquitoes and we must get rid of them. phenomena Alcoholic infection Ⅱ.完成句子 1．他出去散步了，而我待在家里。 He went out for a walk ________________________． 2．太阳一出来雾就消失了。 ________________________， the fog disappeared. 3．他手里拿着一个包走进了办公室。 He came into the office __________________________． while I stayed at home As the sun rose with a bag in his hand 4．有证据证明，户外活动对我们的健康有好处。 _____________________________ outdoor activities are good for our health. 5．山顶上矗立着一座古老的塔，它的历史可以追溯到一千多年前。 On top of the mountain stands an old tower ______________________ ________ more than 1，000 years ago. There is some evidence that dating back to/that dates back to Ⅲ.阅读理解 A A rare genetic skin condition has been corrected for the first time using a gene therapy that is applied to the skin. About 1 in 800，000 children in the US are born with a severe condition called recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (不良性大疱性表皮松解症 RDEB) that makes their skin extremely weak and likely to be torn and blister (长水疱). “It is very painful，” says Vincenzo Mascoli, 22, who travelled from Italy to the US to have the gene therapy.He had open wounds all over his body, including one covering his entire back that had been there since he was 2 years old.“Sometimes I also get blisters in my eyes and have to keep my eyes closed, and sometimes I get blisters in my throat that make it difficult to eat，” he says.Mascoli and other people with the condition have weak skin because they have an improper version of a collagen (胶原) gene called COL7A1.That means their skin can't produce the collagen proteins needed to give it structure and strength. Peter Marinkovich at Stanford University in California and his colleagues developed a way to insert normal COL7A1 genes into the skin of such individuals so they can start producing collagen properly.“All it does is go into the cell and deliver the gene，” says Marinkovich. The gene therapy was then incorporated into a gel (凝胶) so it could be applied to the skin.It was tested in a late-stage clinical experiment in the US involving 31 children and adults with RDEB, including Mascoli. The treatment was repeated weekly until the wounds closed.After three months, 71% of the wounds treated with the gene therapy had completely healed, compared with 20% of those who had the ineffective gel applied, and there were no serious side effects. A US company called Krystal Biotech has partnered with Marinkovich and his colleagues to develop the gene therapy and will apply in the next few months for approval to make it available to more patients in the US. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种罕见的遗传性皮肤病有了治疗方法，通过应用于皮肤的基因疗法，此类病患者迎来了福音，还介绍了其治疗原理和前景等内容。 2 3 1 4 1．What do we know about RDEB? A．It is a serious skin disease on children. B．It brings unbearable pain to the patients. C．It makes patients' skin weak but seldom blister. D．About 800，000 children in the US suffer from it. 答案：B 细节理解题。由第二段中“About 1 in 800，000 children...epidermolysis bullosa”和第三段中患者Vincenzo Mascoli的话“有时我的眼睛也会起水疱，我不得不闭上眼睛，有时我的喉咙也会起水疱，我很难进食”可知，RDEB给病人带来难以忍受的疼痛。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 2．Why do the patients with RDEB have weak skin? A．They don't have the gene called COL7A1. B．They don't deal with the wounds properly. C．Genes on them fail to provide right proteins. D．They have serious side effects after treatments. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。由第三段中“Mascoli and other people...and strength.”可知，RDEB患者的皮肤比较虚弱，是因为他们身上的胶原蛋白基因COL7A1版本不正确，无法为人体提供正确的蛋白质。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 3．What do we know about the new therapy? A．It was developed by Krystal Biotech. B．It has proved highly effective on all patients. C．It will be applied to patients in a larger scale. D．It has positive effects on patients immediately. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。由最后一段可知，这种新疗法将更大规模地应用于患者。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 4．What is this text probably taken from? A．A biography. B．A course plan. C．A mathematics paper. D．A science magazine. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一种罕见的遗传性皮肤病有了治疗方法，通过应用于皮肤的基因疗法，此类病患者迎来了福音，还介绍了其治疗原理和前景等内容。文章内容与科学研究相关，由此推知，文章应选自“一本科学杂志”。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 B The U．S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has approved a new class of hearing aid devices, which do not require a medical exam.That means Americans will be able to buy hearing aids later this year without seeing a doctor or receiving a medical examination. The devices are designed for adults with mild to moderate hearing problems.The FDA estimates that the hearing aids could help nearly 30 million adults in the United States, but only about one-fifth of people with hearing problems use the devices currently. “Today's action by the FDA represents a significant milestone in making hearing aids more cost-effective and accessible，” Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra told reporters on Tuesday.The FDA first proposed the rule change for hearing aids last year and the new rules will take effect in the middle of October.The move follows years of pressure from medical experts and others to make the devices less costly and easier to get. However, cost is still a barrier right now.Americans can pay more than $5，000 for hearing aids, which is for the device itself and fitting services.Private insurance coverage is also limited for the devices.And government insurance for older people, known as Medicare, does not pay for them.Medicare only pays for hearing tests. “The requirement to see a specialist was not only a burden and an annoyance for many consumers but also it actually created a competitive barrier to entry，” said Brian Deese, an economic adviser.Deese added that the government estimates that Americans could save as much as $2，800 for a set of hearing aids if they want to buy them. But FDA officials noted that the savings will depend on when producers launch products and how much they cost.“It's very hard to predict exactly what we'll see and when，” said Dr.Jeffrey Shuren, the FDA's medical device chief.Shuren added officials expected to see increased competition from new producers and new products from existing hearing aid makers. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国食品和药物管理局批准了一种不需要体检的新型助听器。这意味着，今年晚些时候，美国人将无需看医生或接受体检就能购买助听器。 5 6 7 8 5．Who probably use the new hearing aid devices? A．The people who cannot afford medical fee. B．The 20 percent of people who can pay for them. C．The people who needn't be examined by doctors. D．The adults whose hearing problems are not serious. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The devices are designed for adults with mild to moderate hearing problems.(这种设备是为有轻度到中度听力问题的成年人设计的)”可知，听力问题不严重的成年人可能会使用新的助听器。故选D。 5 6 7 8 6．What might the rule change bring? A．Hearing tests for free. B．More pressure from medical experts. C．Lower cost of the hearing devices. D．More private insurance coverage. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The move follows...and easier to get.(多年来，医疗专家和其他人一直在施压，要求降低这种设备的成本，使其更容易获得)”可知，规则的改变会带来低成本的助听器。故选C。 5 6 7 8 7．What may Deese agree with? A．Seeing a specialist was unaccessible. B．Seeing a specialist was a troublesome experience. C．The government will save much medical expense. D．Americans will pay more money for medical care. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。倒数第二段中经济顾问Brian Deese表示“对许多消费者来说，看专家的要求不仅是一种负担和烦恼，而且实际上还制造了进入市场的竞争壁垒”。由此可知，看专家是件麻烦事。故选B。 5 6 7 8 8．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．When the cost will be reduced is uncertain. B．Existing hearing aid makers can benefit most. C．Officials will decide the price of the hearing aids. D．New producers will succeed in the competition. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。最后一段FDA官员指出，节省的费用将取决于生产商推出产品的时间和成本。FDA医疗设备主管杰弗里·舒伦博士说“很难准确预测我们会看到什么，什么时候会看到”。由此可知，成本何时会降低是不确定的。故选A。 5 6 7 8 Ⅳ.阅读七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了药瓶中常常见到的棉球的由来和作用，以及随着药品发展，它仍然被保留下来的原因。 If you get a cotton (棉花) ball out of a brand-new bottle of pills (药片), you may probably wonder what it is used for.This soft ball seemingly only blocks your way to your pills.Adding to the confusion, it's not any kind of special object.It's just a common cotton ball.Then what purpose could it possibly serve? 1 1 2 3 4 5 A．Actually, the idea is not right. B．They're out of place and harmful. C．Many other companies, though, still kept them in. D．The truth is that it used to have an important function. E．It was the first time that people had found the cotton balls' secret. F．Moreover, many companies thought there was no need to remove them. G．It did so to prevent the pills from shaking around and potentially breaking. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 上文“This soft ball...it possibly serve？”引出人们对药片中棉球的作用的困惑，因此D项符合语境，指出棉球曾经有重要的功能，承接上文，其中的function呼应上文的purpose。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 The first-ever cotton balls started showing up in pill bottles in the early 1900s.A famous medical company was the first one to add them. 2 It worried that the customers might end up taking too much or too little medicine due to the small pieces. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Actually, the idea is not right. B．They're out of place and harmful. C．Many other companies, though, still kept them in. D．The truth is that it used to have an important function. E．It was the first time that people had found the cotton balls' secret. F．Moreover, many companies thought there was no need to remove them. G．It did so to prevent the pills from shaking around and potentially breaking. 答案：G 上文“The first-ever cotton balls...one to add them.”介绍棉球的首次使用，下文“It worried that... the small pieces.”说明该公司的担心，因此G项符合语境，解释首次使用棉球的原因，承上启下，其中的It指代上文的medical company，shaking around and potentially breaking和下文的the small pieces呼应。故选G。 1 2 3 4 5 Decades later, pill coatings made the cotton balls useless.The coatings on pills ensured they were no longer in danger of breaking apart in the bottle.The company itself actually stopped putting cotton balls in the bottles just decades ago. 3 Why? It had become a custom. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Actually, the idea is not right. B．They're out of place and harmful. C．Many other companies, though, still kept them in. D．The truth is that it used to have an important function. E．It was the first time that people had found the cotton balls' secret. F．Moreover, many companies thought there was no need to remove them. G．It did so to prevent the pills from shaking around and potentially breaking. 答案：C 上文“The company itself actually stopped putting cotton balls in the bottles just decades ago.”介绍该公司停止使用棉球，下文“Why? It had become a custom.”从习俗的角度对一个问题给出解释，因此C项符合语境，介绍有些公司仍然使用棉球，和上文构成转折，引出下文的问题和解释，其中的them指代上文的cotton balls。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 According to a report, consumers expected to see the cotton balls there and most didn't know they were useless. 4 They might be an annoyance, surely.But customers have been used to the cotton balls.Many have believed their pills are somehow safer or fresher because of them. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Actually, the idea is not right. B．They're out of place and harmful. C．Many other companies, though, still kept them in. D．The truth is that it used to have an important function. E．It was the first time that people had found the cotton balls' secret. F．Moreover, many companies thought there was no need to remove them. G．It did so to prevent the pills from shaking around and potentially breaking. 答案：F 上文“According to a report, consumers expected to see the cotton balls there and most didn't know they were useless.”指出消费者对棉球的期望心理，因此F项符合语境，指出许多公司认为不必取消棉球，是对上文的补充说明，其中的them指代上文的the cotton balls。故选F。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 5 The cotton balls don't preserve quality or freshness in any way.And in fact, they might have the opposite effect.It's said that the cotton can actually draw moisture (潮气) into the bottle.Too much moisture could affect pills' effect. 1 2 3 4 5 A．Actually, the idea is not right. B．They're out of place and harmful. C．Many other companies, though, still kept them in. D．The truth is that it used to have an important function. E．It was the first time that people had found the cotton balls' secret. F．Moreover, many companies thought there was no need to remove them. G．It did so to prevent the pills from shaking around and potentially breaking. 答案：A 空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。下文“The cotton balls...have the opposite effect.”说明棉球甚至不利于保持质量和新鲜度，因此A项符合语境，和前一段的最后一句构成转折，契合段落内容。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 $$