U3 Period Ⅲ Grammar and usage-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

选择性必修第二册 Unit 3　Fit for life Period Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 单元语法：Present perfect continuous tense (现在完成进行时) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases，as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. ②Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years，and their work on robotic limbs has really changed my life. ③Over the past three months I have been testing out the limits of what I can do with my new hand，and it constantly surprises me. ④For example，I have been cooking for my family again since I got my new hand. ⑤Not only can I do more，but I have also become more confident and outgoing. 我的发现： 1．句①、②、③和④中的黑体部分的谓语动词使用的时态为________________。 2．句⑤中的黑体部分的谓语动词使用的时态为____________。 现在完成进行时 现在完成时 [知识精要] 一、现在完成进行时的结构 1．肯定句构成： 主语＋have/has＋been＋现在分词＋其他． 2．否定句构成： 主语＋have/has＋not＋been＋现在分词＋其他． 3．一般疑问句构成： Have/Has＋主语＋been＋现在分词＋其他？ 4．特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋(主语＋) been＋现在分词＋其他？ She has been pruning the roses all morning. 整个上午她一直在修剪玫瑰。 He hasn't been working for me and I haven't had that much contact with him.他没有一直为我工作并且我和他没有过那么多的接触。 Why are your clothes so dirty？What have you been doing? 你的衣服怎么这么脏？ 你都干了些什么？ [即学即练1]——完成句子 ①孩子们一直玩得很开心。 The children ____________________________. ②这家公司一直在试图改善其产品。 The company ________________________ its products. ③我们已经等了他两个小时了。 We ________________________ for two hours. have been having a lot of fun has been trying to improve have been waiting for him 二、现在完成进行时的用法 1．常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。 I'm very tired.I have been checking the students' papers all morning. 我很累。我整个上午都在批改学生们的试卷。 2．表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 I have been calling him many times this morning，but there's no answer. 今天上午我给他打了很多次电话，但一直没有收到答复。 [名师点津]　表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。 这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有love，like，hate，think等。 3．现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 I've read the Four Great Classical Novels. 我已经读过四大名著了。(已经完成) I have been reading the Four Great Classical Novels these days. 这些天我一直在读四大名著。(仍在进行甚至仍将继续) 现在完成时 表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止已经完成，体现动作的结果 现在完成进行时 表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止仍在进行，甚至仍将继续 4．现在完成进行时所用的时间状语 all day/month，this month/week/year，these days，recently/lately，in/over the past/last＋时间段，since＋时间点，for＋时间段等。 Vera has been trying to learn Chinese for years. 维拉努力学汉语已有好几年了。 It has been raining since last Sunday. 自上周日以来就一直在下雨。 [即学即练2]——完成句子 ①中国有2 000年的造纸历史。 The Chinese ________________________ for two thousand years. ②自今年年初以来，这些建筑工人已经建造了3座桥。 The construction workers ______________________ since the beginning of this year. have been making paper have built three bridges ③那个年轻人最近3个月一直在申请专利。 The young man __________________________ in the last three months. ④我从小就喜欢中国传统诗歌。 I ____________________________________ since I was young. has been applying for a patent have liked the traditional Chinese poems 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．You know，I ________________ (look) for a job for three months，and this is my first formal interview. 2．My sister _________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year. 3．The little boy is dirty all over because he ________________ (play) in the mud all morning. have been looking stayed has been playing 4．Here he is! We ________________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night. 5．Jim ________________ (phone) Jenny every night for the past week. 6．Mother is very tired.She ________________ (clean) the house all morning. have been waiting has been phoning has been cleaning 7．Both his parents look sad.Maybe they ________________ (know) what's happened to him. 8．The famous writer ________________ (write) one new book in the past two years. 9．Believe it or not，I ________________ (see) the movie twice. 10．The pagoda ________________ (stand) there since the Tang Dynasty. has been standing have known has been writing have seen Ⅱ.完成句子 1．自9岁起他就一直收集各式各样的邮票。 He ____________________________________ since he was nine years old. 2．你今天一直在准备数学测试吗？ ______________________ for the math test today? has been collecting all kinds of stamps Have you been preparing 3．这些年他并没有一直在这儿教书。 He __________________________ these years. 4．最近你在看什么书？ ________________________________ recently? 5．露西一直在考虑返回学校，但还没有决定呢。 Lucy ________________________ back to school，but she hasn't decided yet. hasn't been teaching here What book have you been reading has been considering going 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I ________________ (paint) the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. 2．She is very tired.She ________________ (type) letters all day. 3．The biological system ________________ (change) this for billions of years. have been painting has been typing has been changing 4．The dollar ________________ (climb) steadily all week. 5．I ________________ (finish) my homework and I am surfing online. 6．He ___________ (win) three scholarships since he entered university. 7．I ________________ (learn) to drive these days and have no time to go to the cinema. has been climbing have finished　 has won have been learning 8．“I ________________ (dream) of a rural life for decades, but my work hampers (阻碍) me，”Cheng says. 9．—Have you thought of the topic for your composition? —Not yet.I ____________________(consider)it very carefully, but I haven't decided. 10．—What bad weather! I am sick of it here. —So am I．It ________________ (rain)since last Friday.Wish we could see the sun tomorrow. have been dreaming have been considering has been raining Ⅱ.完成句子 1．当然，我一直在尝试用各种各样的方法转移我的注意力，但是白费力气。 Of course, I ________________ distracting my attention in various ways, but in vain. 2．我一直在找我的狗，还没有找到。 I ___________________ my dog and ___________________ yet. have been trying have been looking for　 haven't found it 3．你戴眼镜多少年了？ ________________________________ glasses? 4．自结婚以来他们一直在鼓励彼此更努力地工作。 They ________________________ each other to work harder ever since they got married. 5．他整个晚上一直坐在那儿学习。 He ________________________ studying all evening. How long have you been wearing have been encouraging has been sitting there Ⅲ.阅读理解 The Australian sand octopus (章鱼) was discovered in 1990 and is the only octopus species known to bury itself deep in the sand to hide from enemies.A team of researchers are studying the venom (毒液) of this kind of octopus.They have discovered that the venom may greatly slow cancer growth.And it can also help fight drug resistance in patients with a BRAF-changed skin cancer.BRAF is involved in managing cell growth.A change in it results in abnormal cell growth.These BRAF changes are seen in half of all cases of skin cancers. “We and other groups have previously discovered that other animals—snakes, spiders, bees—have anticancer properties，” said Dr.Maria, the study's lead author.“However, in my current knowledge, the anticancer properties of an octopus species have never been studied or confirmed before.” Current treatments face a few challenges including low response rates, poisoning and side effects, as well as drug resistance.The octopus venom slows the growth of BRAF-changed skin cancer.More importantly, it is safe to be used in large quantities—it is not poisonous.Therefore, in combination with other drugs, the treatments could potentially achieve better and safer patient outcomes. It is very unlikely that the octopus has specifically developed its venom to contain an anticancer substance.According to the researching team, the octopus venom contains over 1，000 unique substances with several functions such as reducing pain and anticancer properties. “In this study, we have shown that the octopus venom specifically targets BRAF-changed skin cancer.The next step is to examine whether similar promising results are applicable for other BRAF-changed cancers，” said Dr.Maria.“Before it can be used on patients, the team will need to perform several rounds of lab testing and clinical trials to understand how it works and its full potential as a drug against skin cancer.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究人员发现一种章鱼的毒液可能会大大减慢癌症的生长，并有助于对抗患有BRAF变异皮肤癌患者的药物抵抗力。目前，这种章鱼毒液的应用需要进一步的工作。 1．What can we know about BRAF? A．It is a change in cells. B．It controls cell growth. C．It can cause a deadly illness. D．It helps to cure skin cancer. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后四句可知， BRAF控制细胞生长。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 2．What discovery did the team make? A．A medicine to cure cancers. B．A substance contained in animals. C．The medical value of octopus species. D．The anticancer effect of one kind of octopus venom. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三和第四句“他们发现这种毒液可以大大减缓癌症的生长。它还可以帮助对抗患有BRAF变异皮肤癌患者的耐药性”及第二段该研究的主要作者玛丽亚博士说的内容“我们和其他研究小组此前已经发现，蛇、蜘蛛、蜜蜂等其他动物也具有抗癌特性。然而，据我目前所知，章鱼的抗癌特性以前从未被研究或证实过”可知，该团队发现了一种章鱼毒液的抗癌作用。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 3．What is an advantage of the octopus venom to treat skin cancer? A．It is of large quantity. B．It has no side effects. C．It is less expensive. D．It has lower risks. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句可知，章鱼毒液治疗皮肤癌的优势在于它具有较低的风险。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph concerning the octopus venom? A．Its application requires further work. B．It helps treat BRAF-changed cancers. C．Its safety needs more clinical testing. D．It has already been put into wide use. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Before it can be used...against skin cancer.(在将其用于患者之前，该团队将需要进行几轮实验室测试和临床试验，以了解其工作原理及其作为治疗皮肤癌药物的全部潜力)”可知，章鱼毒液的应用需要进一步的工作。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 Ⅳ.完形填空 Sports are important in our family. Both of our sons were high school 1 . So I shouldn't have been 2 when Lauren announced she was going out for the girls' basketball team. But I was because she has Down syndrome (唐氏综合征). My wife and I never told Lauren that she was 3 . We treated her like our other children. We didn't want her to feel disabled. I discussed Lauren's 4 with my wife that evening. She thought Lauren would make the team and she was right. Lauren did make it 5 not all the girls wanted to play. The season's first basketball game 6 . It had a good start, but soon Verden, Lauren's team, was behind. Lauren 7 followed the movement on the court and reacted to every 8 . Even though Lauren wasn't playing, she looked as if she were having the time of her life. I felt 9 for my daughter. Just less than two minutes were left, and Verden was down by seventeen points when Lauren was called in for the game. Lauren 10 the others fairly well. Then they passed Lauren the ball. She 11 it. She shot. She scored！A few minutes later, Lauren 12 us in the stands. “Did you see？I scored! I made a 13 ！” For sixteen years, I'd tried hard to 14 Lauren from feeling like she was different. But watching Lauren in the game, I saw that she really was different not physically or emotionally, but 15 ． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者听闻患有唐氏综合征的女儿Lauren要参加女子篮球队时的顾虑以及观看她参赛后的感想。 2 3 1 4 1．A.students　　　　　 B．teachers C．athletes　 D．clerks 答案：C 根据上文中的“Sports are important in our family.”可以推测，作者的两个儿子都是运动员(athletes)。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.disappointed　 B．surprised C．depressed　 D．embarrassed 答案：B 体育在作者家里很重要。因此，Lauren说自己要去篮球队的时候，作者本不应该感到惊讶，disappointed“失望的”；surprised“惊讶的”；depressed“抑郁的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.normal　 B．ordinary C．different　 D．typical 答案：C 根据下文中的“We treated her like our other children.”可知，我们并没有告诉Lauren她和别人不一样(different)。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.announcement　 B．preference C．arrangement　 D．proposal 答案：A 根据语境可知，此处与“when Lauren announced she was going out for the girls' basketball team”中的announced呼应，故announcement符合语境。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.if　 B．though C．because　 D．so 答案：C 根据句意可知，空前“Lauren成功入选了”和空后“不是所有的女孩都想打篮球”形成了因果关系，且为后因，故选because。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.appeared　 B．remained C．changed　 D．arrived 答案：D 根据下一句“It had a good start, but soon Verden, Lauren's team, was behind.”可知，第一场比赛到来了 (arrived)。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.attentively　 B．carelessly C．frequently　 D．repeatedly 答案：A 根据下文的“she looked as if she were having the time of her life”可以推断，Lauren很专心地 (attentively) 看着场上的动作。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.team　 B．shot C．game　 D．shout 答案：B 根据文中关键信息词basketball game和“She shot.”可知，此处指Lauren全神贯注地关注着球场上的动作，对每一次投篮(shot)都作出了反应。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.regret　 B．anxiety C．admiration　 D．sympathy 答案：C 根据上一句“Even though Lauren wasn't playing, she looked as if she were having the time of her life.”可知，尽管Lauren没有上场，但她仍然很投入、很享受，这让作者很钦佩 (admiration)。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.kept pace with　 B．gave way to C．put up with　 D．broke away from 答案：A 根据下文中的“She shot. She scored！”可以看出，Lauren可以很好地跟上场上的节奏。keep pace with...“与……步调一致”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.threw B．missed C．cast D．caught 答案：D 此处形成了一套完整的动作：“传球 (passed)——接球 (caught)——投篮 (shot)——得分 (scored)”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.challenged　 B．joined C．left　 D．greeted 答案：B 结合空后Lauren所说的话可以看出，比赛后，Lauren来到了看台和我们会合 (joined)。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.mistake　 B．record C．mess　 D．basket 答案：D 分析语境可知，此处是对“I scored！”的意义重复，“I made a basket！”意为“我进球了”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.excuse　 B．prohibit C．discourage　 D．shelter 答案：D 根据上文中的“We treated her like our other children. We didn't want her to feel disabled.”可知，作者一直在努力保护Lauren，让她不会感到与其他人不同。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.spiritually　 B．consciously C．literally　 D．socially 答案：A 根据文中描述的故事可知，无论上场与否Lauren对比赛都很投入，由此可见，Lauren在精神上 (spiritually) 很特别、很令人钦佩。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了通过在线诊断和自我治疗疾病，美国人正在成为自己的医生。然而，无论人们多么不愿意看医生，扮演医生本身是有风险的。 Americans are becoming their own doctors by diagnosing and self-treating their illnesses online.Some show 1. (resist) to doctors because of high medical costs.Or they stay away because they find themselves no less 2. (relieve) after seeing a doctor. 1．考查词性转换。句意：由于高昂的医疗费用，一些人表现出对医生的抵制。作动词show的宾语，应用名词resistance，不可数。故填resistance。 答案：resistance 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：或者他们远离(医生)是因为他们发现自己在看完医生后丝毫没有减轻痛苦。此处relieve与themselves构成被动关系，故用过去分词relieved，作宾语补足语。故填relieved。 答案：relieved However unwilling people are to see a doctor, playing doctor themselves is 3. (risk).Every day, over six million Americans turn to the Internet 4. medical answers.A survey found that 72 percent of those surveyed believe 5. they read online.But the chances of finding reliable information, free from commercial intentions, 6. (be) only one in ten.Recent studies found faulty facts about disorders, 7. made experts warn that a large amount of inaccurate information exists on the Internet. 3．考查词性转换。句意：无论人们多么不愿意看医生，扮演医生本身是有风险的。作表语，应用形容词risky。故填risky。 答案：risky 4．考查介词。句意：每天，超过600万美国人在互联网上寻求医学答案。短语turn to...for...表示“向……寻求……”。故填for。 答案：for 5．考查宾语从句。句意：一项调查发现，72%的受访者相信他们在网上看到的东西。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指事物，可用what，或表示“无论什么”，用whatever。故填what或whatever。 答案：what/whatever 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是，找到不受商业意图影响的可靠信息的概率只有十分之一。此处陈述事实用一般现在时；主语为the chances，谓语用复数。故填are。 答案：are 7．考查定语从句。句意：最近的研究发现了关于疾病的错误事实，这使得专家们警告说，互联网上存在大量不准确的信息。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。 答案：which 8． (lack) knowledge about how to surf the Web safely is an essential problem.“Navigating through 9. vast search engine poses risks.Many sites may appear authoritative, but it's challenging 10. (determine) the accuracy of the information，” says Dr.Bass from the National Cancer Institute. 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：缺乏关于如何安全上网的知识是一个基本问题。此处作句子的主语，陈述一般性情况，应用动名词形式，且空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Lacking。 答案：Lacking 9．考查固定短语。句意：在一个大型搜索引擎中导航是有风险的。engine为可数名词单数形式，此处为泛指，且vast是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 答案：a 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多网站可能看起来很权威，但确定信息的准确性是具有挑战性的。此处为固定句型：it be＋adj.＋to do sth.，it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to determine。 答案：to determine $$