U2 Period Ⅴ Extended reading-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

选择性必修第二册 Unit 2　Sports culture Period Ⅴ　Extended reading & Other parts 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 关键能力 互动探究 精读课文 理解语篇 精读课文 理解语篇 Part 1　教材原文助读   Sports idioms Every language has its idioms，which are groups of words with meaningsdifferent from the meanings of the individual words①.Idioms make language more colourful and expressive.Since sport is an inseparable part of day-to-day life，there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into② everyday language.Let's take a look at some of them! which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。 形容词短语作后置定语。 since引导原因状语从句。 that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。 ①individual words 单个的词 　individual adj.单独的，个别的 ②find one's way into 偶然来到，无意中处于 体育习语 每一种语言都有习语，习语由词组构成，其蕴含的意义往往不能从词组中单个词的意思推测而得。习语使语言更加丰富多彩，富有表现力。由于体育是日常生活中不可分割的一部分，日常用语中已经出现了许多体育习语。让我们来看看其中的一些体育习语吧！ Football Football (or soccer，as it is called in the USA) is one of the most popular sports in the world and many countries have their own football leagues③.The English language is full of idioms which are thought to have come from football. which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。 ③football leagues 足球联赛 　league/liːɡ/n.[C]联赛；等级，级别 足球 足球(美国称为soccer)是世界上最受欢迎的运动之一，许多国家都有自己的足球联赛。英语中充满了被认为来源于足球的习语。 As you know，in a football match，players try to kick or head④ the ball into the opposing⑤ team's goal⑥，which is the net⑦ between two big goalposts fixed to the ground.Can you imagine that every time you have a chance to score，the goalposts are moved⑧？That would be not only difficult，but also upsetting.If someone “moves the goalposts” in everyday life 10，it means they unfairly change the rules or requirements for something.An insurance salesman⑨ who is about to reach his annual sales target 11，only for the company to make the target higher 12，could rightly complain⑩ about the company moving the goalposts 13. as引导非限制性定语从句。 which引导非限制性定语从句。 过去分词短语作后置定语。 every time引导时间状语从句。 10 if引导条件状语从句。 11 who引导定语从句，先行词是an insurance salesman。 12 不定式短语作结果状语。 13 动名词的复合结构。 ④head [熟词生义] vt.用头顶(球) ⑤opposing/ə'pəʊzIŋ/adj.对抗的；相反的 ⑥goal n．[C]球门 ⑦net/net/n.[sing. the net]球门网；[U]网，网状物 ⑧move the goalposts 改变条件(或规则)(指在过程中改变原定的标准，故意让别人为难，含有贬义) ►It sure makes it difficult to get the job done when someone keeps moving the goalposts.总是有人改变规则，当然很难把工作做好了。 ⑨an insurance salesman 保险推销员 　insurance/In'ʃʊərəns； 　In'ʃɔːrəns/n.[U，C]保险；[U]保险业；保险费 　salesman/'seIlzmən/n. 　[C]售货员，推销员 ⑩complain/kəm'pleIn/vi.& vt.抱怨，投诉 正如你们所了解的，在足球比赛中，球员们试图将球踢进或顶进对方的球门，也就是固定在地上的两个大门柱之间的网。你能想象每次你有机会得分时，球门柱就被移动吗？这不仅很难做到，而且也令人不快。如果有人在日常生活中“移动球门柱”，这意味着他们不公平地改变了某事的规则或要求。一位保险推销员即将达到他的年度销售目标，但公司却把目标定得更高，那他就可以有理由抱怨公司是在“移动球门柱”。 Thankfully，goalposts do not really move—but when a player scores an own goal⑪，he or she might wish they did.“Scoring an own goal” in football means accidentally kicking or heading the ball into one's own net，and it is one of the worst things that can happen to a football player.If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally⑫ harms their own interests，they are said to have scored an own goal.You might see this expression in the newspapers when the local council⑬ makes a decision which backfires⑭ terribly! ⑪score an own goal 进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事 ⑫unintentionally 　/ˌʌnIn'tenʃənəli/ 　adv.无意地，非故意地 　[派生构词]un-(否定前缀)＋intention (n.意图)＋-al(形容词后缀)＋-ly (副词后缀)→unintentionally (adv.) ⑬council/'kaʊnsl/n.[C]政务委员会，地方议会；市政服务机构；委员会 ⑭backfire/ˌbæk'faIə(r)/vi.产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果 谢天谢地，球门柱并不会真正移动——但当一名球员把球踢进自家的球门时，他/她可能会希望球门柱会移动就好了。在足球运动中，“进乌龙球”的意思是不小心把球踢进或顶进了己方的球门。对足球运动员来说，这是最糟糕的事情之一。如果有人犯了一个严重的错误，无意中损害了自己的利益，他们就会被说成是“进乌龙球”。当地方议会做出了一个完全适得其反的决定时，你可能会在报纸上看到这种说法！ Baseball Baseball is an old and popular sport that has given the English language many different idioms.You might have heard expressions like “in the ballpark⑮” or “a ballpark estimate”．The venue⑯ where a baseball game is played 14 is called a ballpark.So，even if we do not know exactly 15 where the ball is during the game 16，we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark 17.For this reason，people use the expression “in the ballpark” or “a ballpark estimate” to talk about rough estimates. 14 where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。 15 even if引导让步状语从句。 16 where引导宾语从句。 17 that引导宾语从句。 ⑮ballpark/'bɔːlpɑːk/n.[C]棒球场；[sing.]变动范围 　in the ballpark 差不多 　a ballpark estimate 大致相近的估计 　[类似习语]a ballpark figure 大致数字 　out of the ballpark 相差甚远 ⑯venue/'venjuː/n.[C]活动场地 棒球 棒球是一项古老而流行的运动，它给英语带来了许多不同的习语。你可能听过“差不多”或“大致相近的估计”这样的表达。举行棒球比赛的场地叫作“棒球场”。所以，即使我们不知道球在比赛中的确切位置，我们也可以假设它在球场里的某个地方。因此，商业人士使用短语“差不多”或“大致相近的估计”来谈论粗略的估计。 Another common baseball expression is “throwing someone a curveball⑰”．Curveballs are balls that suddenly turn in the air，and these are of course difficult for the other team to handle⑱.We use this expression to describe things that are unexpected and difficult to respond to⑲.“Three strikes and you are out⑳” is another idiom that comes from baseball.As it suggests 18，in baseball this means that a batter (the person with the baseball bat in his or her hands) is out after making three unsuccessful attempts to hit the ball.This idiom is often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three chances 19. 18 as引导非限制性定语从句。 19 where引导定语从句，先行词为抽象地点名词situations。 ⑰throw sb.a curveball 给某人出难题 ►The workers complained that their boss threw them a curveball.工人们抱怨老板有意刁难他们。 ⑱handle/'hændl/vt.处理，应付；控制，操纵 n．把手，拉手；柄 ⑲respond to 作出反应 ⑳three strikes and you are out 三振出局 　strike n．[C]击球未中 另一个常见的棒球表达是“给某人出难题”。“曲线球”是指在空中突然转向的球，这对对方球队来说当然很难应对。我们用这个表达来描述那些出乎意料和难以应对的事情。“三振出局”是另一个来自棒球的习语。如其字面意思所示，在棒球运动中，击球手(手里拿着棒球棒的人)连续三次都未击中球，就出局了。这个习语经常用来形容人们错失了三次机会的情况。 Boxing English also has a large number of idioms connected with boxing，which has been a popular sport for thousands of years 20.A boxer is not allowed to use his or her fists㉑ to hit the opponent below the waist㉒.Hence comes the idiom “below the belt㉓”． 21 In day-to-day life，if someone makes an unfair and cruel㉔ remark㉕，we can describe it as “below the belt”． 20 which引导非限制性定语从句。 21 此处为完全倒装。 ㉑fist/fIst/n.[C]拳，拳头 ㉒waist/weIst/n.[C]腰，腰部；(衣服的)腰部 ㉓below the belt 不公正的，伤人的(常与be动词或动词hit连用) ㉔cruel/'kruːəl/adj.刻毒伤人的，残酷的 　be cruel to...对……残忍；虐待…… ►Don't be cruel to animals.不要虐待动物。 　[拓展]cruelly adv.残酷地 ㉕remark/rI'mɑːk/n.[C]谈论，言论 vt.& vi. 说起，评论 拳击 拳击是一项流行了几千年的运动，英语中也有很多与其有关的习语。拳击手不允许用他/她的拳头击打对手腰部以下的部位。因此就有了“不公正的，伤人的”这一习语。在日常生活中，如果有人说了不公平且残忍的话，我们可以把它描述为“不公正的，伤人的”。 “Throwing in the towel㉖” is another common idiom that comes from boxing 22 .When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own，the coach will literally㉗ throw a towel into the ring to end the fight.In everyday life，this idiom simply means admitting defeat and giving up. 22 that引导定语从句。 ㉖towel/'taʊəl/n.[C]毛巾，抹布，纸巾 　throw in the towel 认输，承认失败 ㉗literally/'lItərəli/adv.真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上 “认输”是另一个来自拳击的常见习语。当一名拳击手输得很惨，并因为太累或神志不清而无法自己放弃时，教练就会往擂台上扔一条毛巾来结束比赛。在日常生活中，这个习语就是指认输和放弃。 Sport is challenging and so is life 23.However，when you are thrown a curveball，do not throw in the towel—work hard，be careful not to score an own goal，and you are sure to make it㉘ 24 ! 23 “so＋系动词＋主语”倒装结构。 24 “祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。 ㉘make it 获得成功；能够出席；准时到达 运动是具有挑战性的，生活同样也是如此。但是，当你遇到难题时，不要认输——努力，小心别闹乌龙，你一定能获得成功！ Part 2　语篇研析 Ⅰ.理清文章层次结构 colourful and expressive everyday language rules or requirements one's own net rough unexpected wasting three chances unfair and cruel defeat challenging Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案 1．What do we learn about idioms? A．They are easy to understand literally. B．They bring much trouble to people. C．They only exist in written language. D．They make the languages colourful. 答案：D 2．Which of the following can be seen as an act of “moving the goalposts”？ A．To change the target in the process. B．To stick to the rules or requirements. C．To fix two big goalposts to the ground. D．To head the ball into the opposing team's goal. 答案：A 3．If a player scores an own goal，what does he or she feel? A．Very excited.　　　　　 B．Very upset. C．A little delighted. D．A little disappointed. 答案：B 4．Which expression can be used to talk about rough estimates? A．In the ballpark. B．Below the belt. C．Three strikes and you are out. D．Throwing someone a curveball. 答案：A 5．Which of the following is forbidden in a boxing competition? A．To hit below the belt. B．To make cruel remarks. C．To give up when tired. D．To use his or her fists. 答案：A Ⅲ.课文语法填空 There are lots of sports idioms in everyday language.Let's take a look at some of them! The English language is full of idioms 1.____________ are thought to have come from football.“Scoring an own goal” in football means accidentally 2.____________ (kick) or heading the ball into one's own net. that/which kicking Baseball has given the English language many different idioms.The venue where a baseball game is played 3.__________(call) a ballpark.So, even if we do not know 4.________ (exact) where the ball is during the game, we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark.5._______ this reason, people use the expression “in the ballpark” or “a ballpark estimate” to talk about rough estimates.Another common baseball expression is “throwing someone a curveball”．We use this expression 6.____________ (describe) things that are unexpected and difficult to respond to.“Three strikes and you are out” is another idiom that comes from baseball.This idiom is often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three 7.____________(chance). is called exactly For to describe chances English also has 8._____ large number of idioms connected with boxing, which has been a popular sport for thousands of years.“Throwing in the towel” is a common idiom that comes from boxing. Sport is 9.____________(challenge) and so is life.However, when you are thrown a curveball, do not throw in the towel—work hard, be careful not to score an own goal, and you are sure to make 10.____！ a challenging it Ⅳ.句式分析和翻译 1．As you know, in a football match, players try to kick or head the ball into the opposing team's goal, which is the net between two big goalposts fixed to the ground. [句式分析]　此句是____________句。as引导________________从句，修饰整个主句，对其进行说明，as意为“________”。which引导________________从句，修饰先行词goal；fixed to the ground为过去分词短语作____________，修饰名词goalposts。 [自主翻译]　____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 主从复合　 非限制性定语　 正如　 非限制性定语 后置定语 正如你们所了解的，在足球比赛中，球员们试图将球踢进或顶进对方的球门，也就是固定在地上的两个大门柱之间的网。 2．Can you imagine that every time you have a chance to score, the goalposts are moved? [句式分析]　此句是_________句。 that引导_______从句，且从句中含有every time引导的____________从句；to score为不定式作____________，修饰名词chance，have a chance to do sth.意为“____________”。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ 主从复合 宾语 时间状语　 后置定语　 有机会做某事 你能想象每次你有机会得分时，球门柱就被移动吗？ 3．So, even if we do not know exactly where the ball is during the game, we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark. [句式分析]　本句为__________句。even if引导____________从句；where引导_______从句；that引导________从句。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ____________________________________ 主从复合 让步状语 宾语 宾语 所以，即使我们不知道球在比赛中的确切位置，我们也可以假设它在球场里的某个地方。 4．Hence comes the idiom “below the belt”． [句式分析]　本句为____________句。当副词hence表示时间变化且位于句首时，句子要________。当表示地点的介词短语或here，there，up，down，in，out，away，off，now，then等表示处所、方位和时间变化的副词位于句首，且句子的主语为名词，谓语为be，lie，stand，come，go等表示“存在，位于”或“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时，句子要____________。 完全倒装　 倒装 全部倒装 [自主翻译]　_________________________________________ 因此就有了“不公正的，伤人的”这一习语。 5．Sport is challenging and so is life. [句式分析]　本句为______句。so引起的是_________结构，该结构的构成：____________________________________，意为“……也……”，表示前一句中主语的肯定的情况也适用于后者，在使用时应注意时态和前一句____________。 [自主翻译]　________________________________________ 并列 部分倒装 so＋情态动词/助动词/be动词＋主语 保持一致 运动是具有挑战性的，生活同样也是如此。 关键能力 互动探究 词汇识记 1．walk on air 欢天喜地，得意扬扬 Lily walked on air when she won first prize in the contest.莉莉在比赛中获得第一名时，高兴极了。 2．keep sth.in perspective 正确客观地看待 Use humor and laughter to keep things in perspective and to avoid boredom.利用幽默和笑声来正确客观地看待事情，避免厌倦。 3．celebrity n．名人；名望 4．opponent n．对手，竞争者；反对者 Hard martial arts techniques are more effective if you are more skillful, more powerful and faster than your opponent.如果你比对手更有技巧、更有力、更快，那么硬武术技术就会更有效。 5．humility n．谦逊，谦虚 6．grace n．高雅，文雅；优美；风度，体面   (1)Cats are often admired for their grace and mysteriousness.猫常常因为它们的优雅和神秘而受到赞美。 (2)His father had always taught him to be graceful in defeat.他父亲总是教导他输了也要有风度。 graceful adj.优美的；得体的 7．dignity n．尊严；自尊；高贵 He felt it would be beneath his dignity to comment.他觉得发表评论会有失尊严。 8．bobsleigh n．大雪橇(供两人或两人以上比赛用) 9．unselfish adj.无私的，忘我的   (1)He is selfish and bad-tempered.Thus, he will never be enthusiastic about helping those in trouble.他是一个自私且脾气坏的人。因此他永远都不会热心于帮助那些身处困境的人。 selfish adj.自私的 selfishly adv.自私地 selfishness n．自私自利 (2)As a player, he was unselfish, a true team man.作为一名球员，他是无私的，一个真正的团队成员。 (3)Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.那些自私地拒绝冒这个险的人会让别人受苦。 (4)We've all been guilty of selfishness at some time in our lives.我们一生中都有过自私的时候。 10．idiom n．习语，成语 11．find one's way into偶然来到，无意中处于 The study is one of several ongoing efforts to investigate the unexpected ingredients that find their way into the global water supply.这项研究是正在进行的几项研究之一，旨在调查那些进入全球供水系统的意想不到的成分。 12．league n．联赛；等级，级别 13．opposing adj.对抗的；相反的   (1)Many experts strongly opposed cloning human beings because it violates moral principles.许多专家强烈反对克隆人类，因为它违反了道德原则。 opposed adj.强烈反对的 opposite adj.对面的；相反的 (2)The player from the opposing/opposite side scored a goal at the beginning of the football match.足球比赛一开始，对方的球员就进了一球。 (3)There are a few students in support of the decision but all the rest are opposed.有几个学生支持这个决定，但其余的都反对。 14．net n．(the net) 球门网；网，网状物 15．move the goalposts 改变条件(或规则) It sure makes it difficult to get the job done when someone keeps moving the goalposts.当有人不断地改变目标时，肯定会使工作难以完成。 16．insurance n．保险业；保险；保险费 The company branched out into selling insurance.该公司开展了保险销售业务。 17．salesman n．售货员，推销员 18．complain vi.& vt.抱怨，投诉   The resident physician often complains about his working conditions and I'm tired of his complaints.这个住院医生经常抱怨他的工作条件，我对他的抱怨感到厌烦。 complaint n．抱怨，投诉 19．score an own goal 进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事 There is a heated debate about whether the player who scored an own goal should be removed from the team.对于踢乌龙球的球员是否应该被开除出队展开了激烈的争论。 20．unintentionally adv.无意地，非故意地 They had unintentionally provided wrong information.他们无意中提供了错误的信息。 21．council n．政务委员会，地方议会；市政服务机构；委员会 22．backfire vi.产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果 The President's tactics could backfire.总统的策略可能会适得其反。 23．ballpark n．棒球场；变动范围 24．in the ballpark差不多 My first guess wasn't even in the ballpark.我的第一个猜测差之千里。 25．a ballpark estimate 大致相近的估计 26．venue n．活动场地 27．curveball n．曲线球 28．throw sb. a curveball 给某人出难题 What will you do if your good friend throws you a curveball? 如果你的好朋友和你绕弯子，你会怎么做？ 29．handle vt.处理，应付；控制，操纵n.把手，拉手；柄 (1)We all have to learn to handle stress.我们都得学会应对压力。 (2)You have to know how to handle yourself in this business.你必须知道在这件事上如何控制你自己。 30．three strikes and you are out 三振出局 “Three strikes and you are out” is often used to talk about situations where you miss three chances.“Three strikes and you are out”通常用来形容你错过了三次机会的情况。 31．fist n．拳，拳头 32．waist n．腰，腰部；(衣服的)腰部 33．below the belt不公正的，伤人的 Mentioning his family problems is below the belt.提及他的家庭问题是不公正的。 34．cruel adj.刻毒伤人的，残酷的   He shows cruelty to those who are against him.That is to say, he is cruel to them.他残忍地对待反对他的人。也就是说，他对他们很残忍。 cruelty n．残忍，残暴的行为 35．remark n．谈论，言论vi.& vt.说起，评论 The scientist remarked that he had found a remarkable way to solve the problem, but others made no remarks about it.这位科学家说他找到了解决这个问题的非凡方法，但其他人对此却不加评论。 36．towel n．毛巾，抹布，纸巾 remarkable adj.非凡的；引人注目的 37．throw in the towel 认输，承认失败 I know the race is tough, but don't throw in the towel.Keep going and you might actually win! 我知道这场比赛很艰难，但不要认输。坚持下去，你可能真的会赢！ 38．literally adv.真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上   Sometimes the literal meaning of a word is different from its actual meaning so we shouldn't translate it literally.有时候一个词的字面意思和它的实际意思不同，所以我们不应该按字面意思翻译。 literal adj.字面意义的，缺乏想象力的 39．iron n．铁；熨斗vt.& vi.(用熨斗)熨，烫平 (1)The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢铁工业对我们的生活很重要。 (2)Did you iron the shirt? It is still damp.你熨衬衫了吗？它还是潮湿的。 默写练习 【限时：15分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．____________ n．名人；名望 2．________ n．政务委员会，地方议会；市政服务机构；委员会 3．____________ n．自尊；尊严；高贵 celebrity council dignity 4．____________ n．习语，成语 5．____________ n．联赛；等级，级别 6．____________ n．保险；保险业；保险费 7．____________ n．活动场地 8．___________ vt.处理，应付；控制，操纵 n．把手，拉手；柄 9．____________ vi.产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果 idiom league insurance venue handle backfire 10．_______ n．铁；熨斗 vt.& vi.(用熨斗)熨，烫平 11．_________ n．谈论，言论 vi.& vt.说起，评论→ ____________ adj.非凡的；引人注目的 12．_____ adj.刻毒伤人的，残酷的→_________ n．残忍；残酷→________ adv.残酷地；残忍地 13．____________ vi.& vt.抱怨，投诉→____________ n．不满；抱怨；埋怨；投诉 iron remark　 remarkable cruel　 cruelty cruelly complain　 complaint 14．__________ adj.无私的，忘我的→ __________ adv.不自私地；无私地→____________ n．无私→ ________ adj.自私的→___________ n．自私 15．____________ adv.无意地，非故意地→____________ adj.故意的；存心的→____________ n．打算；计划；目的 16．____________ n．对手，竞争者；反对者→____________ adj.对抗的；相反的→____________ adj.强烈反对的；截然不同的 17．_______ adv.真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上→ _______ adj.逐字的；字面上的 unselfish unselfishly　 unselfishness　 selfish selfishness unintentionally　 intentional　 intention　 opponent　 opposing　 opposed literally literal Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．Shocked by the ____________ (cruel) of his words，the lady burst into tears. 2．He is ____________ (oppose) to participating in the game to be held in our school. 3．Letters of ____________ (complain) continue to pour in，making the salesman worried. cruelty　 opposed　 complaint 4．It was his ____________ (selfless) and commitment to work that earned him a good reputation. 5．We launched the campaign with the ____________ (intentional) of motivating children to care about the old. selflessness intention Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1．______________欢天喜地，得意扬扬 2．_____________________正确客观地看待 3．___________________偶然来到，无意中处于 4．___________________改变条件(或规则) 5．___________________进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事 walk on air keep sth. in perspective　 find one's way into move the goalposts score an own goal　 6．________________差不多 7．__________________给某人出难题 8．________________________三振出局 9．________________不公正的，伤人的 10．________________认输，承认失败 in the ballpark throw sb. a curveball three strikes and you are out below the belt throw in the towel Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．He ________________ in the last minute of the game. 2．Victory makes the amateur ________________ while failure makes him lost in despair. 3．Mother Nature _______ us ____________ last winter with record－breaking amounts of snow. scored an own goal walk on air threw　 a curveball　 4．Because everyone longs for success，it is difficult for us to ____________ failure ____________． 5．Every day isn't going to be smooth sailing and there will be times when you want to ________________． keep　 in perspective throw in the towel 词汇精研 1．find one's way into 偶然来到，无意中处于 [教材原文]Since sport is an inseparable part of day-to-day life，there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language.由于体育是日常生活中不可分割的一部分，日常用语中已经出现了许多体育习语。 find one's way 找到路；设法到达 make one's way 去，前往，行进 push one's way 挤进去 lose one's way 迷路 inch one's way 缓慢前进 pick one's way 谨慎前进 weave one's way 穿梭前进 [即学即练]——完成句子 ①他到最后竟干起了演艺这一行。 He eventually ____________________ acting. ②在一个陌生的森林中，没有太阳和星星你可能会很容易迷路。 ____________________ easily without the sun or the stars in a strange forest. ③街道上有那么多人，以至于我们不得不从人群中挤过去。 There were so many people in the street that we had to ______________________________． found his way into You may lose your way push our way through the crowd 2．complain vi.& vt.抱怨，投诉 [教材原文]An insurance salesman who is about to reach his annual sales target，only for the company to make the target higher，could rightly complain about the company moving the goalposts.一位保险推销员即将达到他的年度销售目标，但公司却把目标定得更高，那他就可以有理由抱怨公司是在“移动球门柱”。 (1)complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth.(向某人)抱怨/投诉某事 complain (to sb.) that...(向某人)抱怨，诉苦…… (2)complaint n．抱怨；诉苦；疾病 a complaint against/about sb./sth.对……的怨言 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Mother is always complaining _________ not having enough time. ②You have no reason to complain ____________ the food provided by the villagers. ③琼斯太太向医生抱怨说她的背受伤了。 Mrs.Jones ____________________________________________． about/of about/of complained to the doctor that her back was hurt 3.in the ballpark 差不多 [教材原文]You might have heard expressions like “in the ballpark” or “a ballpark estimate”．你可能听过“差不多”或“大致相近的估计”这样的表达。 a ballpark estimate大致相近的估计 a ballpark figure 大致数字 out of the ballpark相差甚远 put sb./sth.in the ballpark 使某人某物能够参与进来 [即学即练]——完成句子/同义句转换 ①我想差不多是6到8个点数。 I'd say that six to eight points would ________________________． ②请给我们一个大致相近的估计，以便我们知道该做什么。 Please ________________________ so that we can know what to do. ③恐怕你的估计相差甚远，你得精确些。 I'm afraid your estimate ____________________ and you have to be exact. be in the ballpark give us a ballpark estimate is out of the ballpark ④The newcomer is one member of our class，and we must get him to participate. →The newcomer is one member of our class，and we must ________________________． put him in the ballpark 4．remark n．谈论，言论 vi.& vt.说起，评论 [教材原文]In day-to-day life，if someone makes an unfair and cruel remark，we can describe it as “below the belt”．在日常生活中，如果有人说了不公平且残忍的话，我们可以把它描述为“不公正的，伤人的”。 (1)remark on/upon 就……发表意见/评论 remark that...谈到；说起 (2)make a remark on/about 就……发表意见；对……评头论足 (3)remarkable adj.异常的；非凡的；值得注意的；卓越的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The president made a ____________ (remark) speech on New Year's Eve. ②对别人的相貌评头论足是没有礼貌的。 →It's impolite to ________________________ the appearance of others.(remark n．) →It's impolite to ____________ the appearance of others.(remark v．) remarkable make a remark on/about remark on/upon 句式剖析 1．whether...or...引导让步状语从句 [教材原文]Whether you come first or last，it is important to remember that at any sporting event，you face two opponents: your fellow competitors and yourself.无论你是第一名还是最后一名，重要的是要记住，在任何体育赛事中，你都面临着两个对手：与你同场竞技的人和你自己。 句中whether you come first or last为whether...or...引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论……还是……”；主句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构，而其中that at...yourself为宾语从句。 (1)whether...or...引导让步状语从句，提供两种对比情况； (2)whether...or...后面可以接不定式、形容词或其他短语。 [即学即练]——完成句子/句型转换 ①无论你喜不喜欢这个工作，你都不得不完成它。 ______________________________，you have to finish it. ②I show everything on my face，whether I am angry or pleased. →I show everything on my face，________________________． Whether you like or dislike the job whether angry or pleased 2.every time引导时间状语从句 [教材原文]Can you imagine that every time you have a chance to score，the goalposts are moved？你能想象每次你有机会得分时，球门柱就被移动吗？ 本句是一个主从复合句；that引导的是宾语从句，作imagine的宾语，其中every time引导的是时间状语从句，表示“每次/每当……”，相当于whenever。 (1)以time为中心词构成的名词短语可直接作连词，引导时间状语从句。the first time意为“第一次……”；the next time意为“下一次……”；the last time意为“最后一次……”；each time意为“每次……”；any time意为“任何时候……”。 (2)以下两种情况也可引导时间状语从句： ①the moment/minute/instant/second一……就…… ②由“年、月、日”“春、夏、秋、冬”构成的名词短语： the year/month/day 那年/月/天 the spring/summer/autumn/winter那年春天/夏天/秋天/冬天 [即学即练]——完成句子 ①我第一次去那里时，他们住在一个小房子里，有狗、鸭子和其他动物。 ________________________，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and other animals. The first time I went there ②但是下次当你发现自己和陌生人在一起的时候，你就会觉得闲聊是值得的。 But __________________________________________，you will consider that small talk is worth the trouble. ③我一闭上眼睛就睡着了。 ____________________________，I fell asleep. the next time you find yourself among strangers The moment I closed my eyes 3．主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式 [教材原文]We use this expression to describe things that are unexpected and difficult to respond to.我们用这个表达来描述那些出乎意料和难以应对的事情。 句中that...respond to 是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，其中关系代词that指代先行词things，是respond to的逻辑宾语。在该句型中不定式常常用主动形式表示被动意义。 (1)用于“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”句型的常见形容词有difficult，easy，comfortable，convenient，hard，cheap，expensive，pleasant等； (2)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive ____________ (perform) consistently over a large area. ②The teacher has explained the problem so it is easy to deal ______． to perform with ③The children's books are written in a simple language，so children can understand them easily. →The children's books are written in a simple language，so ________________________________________．(it作形式主语) →The children's books are written in a simple language，so ________________________________________．(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do) it is easy for children to understand them they are easy for children to understand 4.where引导的定语从句 [教材原文]This idiom is often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three chances.这个习语经常用来形容人们错失了三次机会的情况。 句中where...chances为定语从句，修饰先行词situations；关系副词where在定语从句中作状语。 (1)定语从句中缺少地点状语时用where引导； (2)where修饰的先行词可以是具体的地点名词，也可以是抽象名词，如activity，case，point，state，stage，situation，atmosphere，position，friendship等。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. ②Their child is at the stage ____________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. where where ③家长应注意子女难以适应新环境的情况。 Parents should pay attention to the cases ______________________ ____________________________________. where their children have difficulty adapting to new surroundings 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．He caught the chance to beat all his ____________ (对手) and won the gold medal. 2．Even though he is in trouble，he deals with problems with ____________ (自尊). 3．I can't stand people who are ____________ (残忍的) to animals. opponents dignity cruel 4．We held completely ____________ (相反的) points of view but we got along well. 5．The old man taught us how to ____________ (处理) such a hard problem. 6．People were ____________ (确实地) starving for a chance to improve themselves. opposing handle literally 7．We should be ____________ (无私的) and generous in helping those in need. 8．After joining in some _________ (联赛), I gradually gained some fame. 9．My son broke his favorite vase ____________ (无意地) and burst into tears. 10．I learned a lot of _________ (成语) when I read the novel. unselfish leagues unintentionally idioms Ⅱ.选词填空 in the ballpark，walk on air，keep...in perspective，move the goalposts，find one's way into，in praise of，score an own goal，throw sb.a curveball，below the belt，throw in the towel 1．The football player was fired as he ________________ and caused his team to lose the match. 2．He ________________ for getting a high mark. scored an own goal walked on air 3．It's not an exact figure，but it's ________________． 4．Though you have lost the game，you can use humor and laughter to __________________． 5．The workers ________________ and said they wanted more money. 6．You are ________________________ by asking me to do what I can't. in the ballpark keep it in perspective moved the goalposts throwing me a curveball 7．The boy often hits ________________，so nobody likes to make friends with him. 8．We won't ________________ even if we fail ten times. 9．A great party is to be held _____________ the contributions that the heroes have made. 10．The guide ________________ a cave and found the missing sheep. below the belt throw in the towel in praise of　 found his way into Ⅲ.完成句子 1．在我们的日常生活中，我们经常遇到人们乐于帮助陌生人的情况。 In our daily life，we often come across a number of cases _______________________________________. where people are willing to help strangers 2．不管天气晴朗还是下雨，我都跟朋友们一起去上学。 I will go to school with my friends，________________________． 3．我第一次遇到他时，他正在一家大公司里当秘书。 ________________________，he was working as a secretary in a big company. whether it is sunny or rainy The first time I met him 4．那个球员又进了一个乌龙球，这让我难以相信。 The player ____________________ again，which ___________________________． 5．即使你感觉他们已经改变了规则，说伤人的话也是错误的。 It is wrong to _______________________ even though you feel ____________________________________． scored an own goal was hard for me to believe hit below the belt they have moved the goalposts 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. 2．The teacher reminded his students not to remark ____________ the failure of Lily in the match. 3．We are impressed by the ____________ (cruel) of the competition in our life. where on/upon cruelty 4．I have to work with a man who is hard ________ (get) along with. 5．I decide to forgive the boy，as he knocked down my bike ____________ (intention). 6．We admire Jack for his ____________ (selfish) devotion to caring for people's health. 7．The ____________ (oppose) sides of the quarrel are advised to have an open－minded talk. to get unintentionally unselfish opposing 8．Those ____________ (remark) persons set good examples for us with their great courage and determination. 9．We are asked to write poems ____ praise of the heroes in the fight against the flood. 10．The boy complained that his brother threw him _____ curveball by asking him to cook. remarkable in a Ⅱ.完成句子 1．约翰希望能流利地说中文，但事实上他几乎不会说。(wish后的宾语从句) John wishes he ____________________________， but in fact he speaks little of it. 2．我们队获胜的消息使我们非常高兴。(make的复合结构) The news that our team had won ________________________． could speak Chinese fluently made us very happy 3．正如报告所建议的，关键是找出疾病的原因并努力有效地解决它。(as引导的定语从句) ________________________， it is key to find out the cause of the disease and work to address it effectively. 4．我喜欢读书，我妈妈也喜欢。(so的倒装句) I enjoy reading books and ____________________． 5．这火被认为是从楼上的一间房开始的。 (be thought to do sth.) The fire ________________________ in an upstairs room. As the report suggests so does my mother is thought to have started Ⅲ.阅读理解 A Lauren Price has come a long way from a taxi driver to an Olympic champion. She pursued her Olympic dream all the way to winning the middleweight gold medal at the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. “When I look back now，I have to pinch (掐) myself at times，because I still think it's mad that I won the Olympics，” Price told the media. Raised by her grandparents，she was always encouraged to play sports. “They've always backed me. If it hadn't been for them，I wouldn't have achieved anything，” Price said. Her grandma used to say to her, “Reach for the moon and if you fall short，you'll land on the stars.” She began with football. But Price was also a high-standard kickboxer and was then talent-scouted by a taekwondo coach before she switched to boxing. “For me the big turning point was as a child being inspired by Kelly Holmes. I remember watching her on TV and I was like，‘Oh, I want to go to the Olympics’，” Price recalled. “I had that dream over the years. I just worked hard. I believe if you put the effort in，you'll get to where you want to be.” When Price was breaking into the Welsh boxing team，funding was extremely limited. So she worked as a driver for a taxi company when she was still a teenager. “I was training from Monday to Thursday and then I was driving a taxi on Friday and Saturday nights. I'd start work at 5 pm and I'd finish at 4 am in the morning，picking up all the drunken passengers，” she remembered. That was a different kind of education. “It's quite funny now when I look back，” Price smiled. Ultimately，she excelled as a boxer. Price won every major gold medal going, despite the difficulties of competing against bigger opponents outside of her weight class. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Lauren Price在经过漫长的不懈努力后终于在东京奥运会的拳击项目中赢得了中量级金牌，她的成功离不开祖父母的支持与鼓励。 2 3 1 4 1．Which event did Price compete in at the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics? A．Football.　　　　　　　　 B．Kickboxing. C．Taekwondo. D．Boxing. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Price在东京奥运会上赢得了中量级金牌；又根据下文的叙述可知，Price曾经是一名自由搏击运动员，后来转向了拳击并最终成了一名出色的拳击手且赢得了所有重要比赛的金牌，由此可知，Price在东京奥运会上参加的是拳击比赛，故选D。 2 3 1 4 2．Who inspired Price to go to the Olympics? A．Her grandmother. B．An athlete. C．A coach. D．A passenger. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“For me the big turning point was as a child being inspired by Kelly Holmes...‘Oh, I want to go to the Olympics’”可知，Price想参加奥运会是因为她在电视上看到了Kelly Holmes, Kelly Holmes是一名运动员，即Price的奥运之梦是受到一名运动员的启发，故选B。 2 3 1 4 3．Which of the following contributed most to Price's success? A．Determination. B．Luck. C．Education. D．Talent. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第五段中的“I had that dream over the years. I just worked hard. I believe if you put the effort in，you'll get to where you want to be.”可知，Price之所以能够取得成功，个人的决心起着很重要的作用。 2 3 1 4 4．In which section of a newspaper can we find the text? A．Entertainment. B．Opinions. C．Sports. D．Destinations. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 文章出处题。文章讲述了Price的奥运冠军之路。根据常识可知，此类文章应出现在报纸的运动栏目中，故选C。 2 3 1 4 B “Second place is just the first loser” is a well-known saying from the legendary NASCAR champion Dale Earnhardt.Or as my late father put it jokingly, “It's not enough to win.Your friends have to lose, too.” We may not want others to know our thoughts, but many of us think this way, because we are born to compete with each other.However, if left unmanaged, this can create conflicts between ourselves and others.Fortunately, there is a way to solve this problem: instead of always going for gold, aim for the bronze (铜牌). To expand on the wisdom of Earnhardt, although second place may be the first loser, third place can be the real winner, at least when it comes to happiness and longevity．A 1995 study discovered that bronze winners appeared consistently happier on average than silver medalists, while another research in 2018 studied U．S.athletes in the Olympics from 1904 to 1936 and found that those whose best performance was silver lived to 72 on average.Gold medalists beat this by living to 76.But the first prize went to the bronze winners, who lived to 78. The social concepts of upward and downward comparison help explain the difference.Silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they compare themselves only with the champions.In contrast, the bronze winners compare downwards with those who have never made it onto the podium (领奖台) at all.Therefore, they feel better about themselves and thus, happier.The emotion shows up in improved health and lifespan.In fact, researchers have found that comparing ourselves with the unlucky people is a reliable technique for reducing a negative mood.The comparison is not from a feeling of ill will, but because rewards in life are relative. The worldly happiness strategy of working for gold every day is foolish.Stop spending most of your time feeling like a silver medalist: always pursuing and relying your happiness on a single outcome.Rather, aim for healthy competitions in which you do your best without the expectation of being the absolute winner. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过分析获得奖牌对人生的影响论述了谁才是最大的赢家。 5 6 7 8 5．What does the joke from the author's father imply? A．Everyone has his or her secret. B．Winning and losing are quite common. C．Defeat is embarrassing in a competition. D．A true friend always stands by your side. 答案：B 推理判断题。根据第一段可推知，作者父亲的笑话暗示了赢和输是很常见的。故选B。 5 6 7 8 6．What does the underlined word “longevity” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Long lifetime. B．Enough pleasure. C．Slow growth. D．Constant pursuit. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知，第三名的寿命最长。由此可知，画线词longevity与long lifetime意思一致。故选A。 5 6 7 8 7．What can we learn about downward comparison from paragraph 4? A．It brings some shyness. B．It prevents conflicts. C．It improves well-being. D．It reflects negative intentions. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可推知，向下比较能提高幸福感。故选C。 5 6 7 8 8．What is the best title for the text? A．The Key to Being a Winner B．The Path to Worldly Happiness C．The Wisdom of Dale Earnhardt D．The Victory of Coming in Third 答案：D 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。本文主要围绕“第三名是真正赢家”这一观点展开论述，通过引用以前的研究论证了其观点的合理性，并从“向上比较”和“向下比较”的差异对其进行了解释。由此可知，The Victory of Coming in Third(获得第三名的胜利)适合作为本文最佳标题。故选D。 5 6 7 8 Ⅳ.阅读七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际大学生体育联合会的相关内容，包括它的成立时间、目的、规则以及它举办的活动等。 The International University Sports Federation (FISU) was founded in 1949. 1 FISU believes sports help students be healthy, get valuable experiences and become active members in our global society. 1 2 3 4 5 A．The education is important. B．But it doesn't mean all can take part. C．It tries to offer students the chance to play sports. D．The FISU World University Championships are single sport competitions. E．Its responsibility is towards millions of university students across the world. F．Across the totality of its events, the FISU sports program covers more than 60 sports. G．In addition to the sports competitions, FISU stages educational events and programs. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 下文“FISU believes sports...in our global society.”提到了体育运动的好处，C项中play sports是关键词，与下文呼应，且It指代上文提到的The International University Sports Federation，C项符合语境。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 At the heart of the university sports movement lie FISU's sports events—the summer edition of the FISU World University Games, the winter edition of the FISU World University Games, the FISU World University Championships, and the FISU University World Cups. 2 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．The education is important. B．But it doesn't mean all can take part. C．It tries to offer students the chance to play sports. D．The FISU World University Championships are single sport competitions. E．Its responsibility is towards millions of university students across the world. F．Across the totality of its events, the FISU sports program covers more than 60 sports. G．In addition to the sports competitions, FISU stages educational events and programs. 答案：F 上文“At the heart...FISU University World Cups.”提到了大学生体育运动的各种赛事，F项中sports program是关键词，与上文的sports events呼应，F项能承接上文，符合语境。故选F项。 1 2 3 4 5 The FISU World University Games are the largest global sports events for student-athletes.Held every two years in different cities around the world, they bring together thousands of athletes from over 150 countries. 3 They are also held every two years and give many host cities all over the world a chance to host a major international sports event.The FISU University World Cups are unique international sports events that see student-athletes compete for their university teams rather than national teams. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．The education is important. B．But it doesn't mean all can take part. C．It tries to offer students the chance to play sports. D．The FISU World University Championships are single sport competitions. E．Its responsibility is towards millions of university students across the world. F．Across the totality of its events, the FISU sports program covers more than 60 sports. G．In addition to the sports competitions, FISU stages educational events and programs. 答案：D 根据空前内容和下文“The FISU University World Cups...rather than national teams.”可知，本段介绍了几个赛事，空处应是介绍另一个赛事，D项符合语境。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 With high-level competition, FISU sports events are recognized as stepping stones for other major events at the international level.They're open to university student-athletes. 4 They should have not been out of university for more than a year, and they are between the ages of 17 and 25. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．The education is important. B．But it doesn't mean all can take part. C．It tries to offer students the chance to play sports. D．The FISU World University Championships are single sport competitions. E．Its responsibility is towards millions of university students across the world. F．Across the totality of its events, the FISU sports program covers more than 60 sports. G．In addition to the sports competitions, FISU stages educational events and programs. 答案：B 上文“They're open to university student-athletes.”提到了向大学生运动员开放，下文“They should have not...ages of 17 and 25.”提到了申请人的具体条件，B项中But是关键词，与上文形成转折关系，并引起下文，符合语境。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 5 The events like the FISU World Forum and the FISU World Conference cover different topics and draw a group of highly skilled people.FISU education focuses on helping students develop useful skills to increase their level of participation in society. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．The education is important. B．But it doesn't mean all can take part. C．It tries to offer students the chance to play sports. D．The FISU World University Championships are single sport competitions. E．Its responsibility is towards millions of university students across the world. F．Across the totality of its events, the FISU sports program covers more than 60 sports. G．In addition to the sports competitions, FISU stages educational events and programs. 答案：G 下文“The events like...participation in society.”提到了FISU还举办其他活动和项目，G项中In addition to是关键词，承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。 1 2 3 4 5 $$