U2 Period Ⅲ Grammar and usage-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

选择性必修第二册 Unit 2　Sports culture Period Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 单元语法：Passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses (过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①As my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what had just been achieved. ②Six weeks ago, my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity, and encouraged me to take part. ③I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity. ④Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday. 我的发现： 1．句①和句③宾语从句中的谓语动词使用的时态是______________，语态为___________。 2．句②宾语从句中的谓语动词和句④中的谓语动词使用的时态是____________，语态为____________。 过去完成时　 被动语态 过去进行时　 被动语态 [知识精要] 一、过去进行时的被动语态 1．过去进行时的被动语态的基本结构：was/were being ＋动词的过去分词。有以下三种形式： (1)肯定结构：主语＋was/were being done＋其他成分． (2)否定结构：主语＋was/were not being done＋其他成分． (3)疑问句结构： 一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being done＋其他成分？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋was/were (＋主语) being done＋其他成分？ 2．过去进行时的被动语态的用法： (1)过去进行时的被动语态表示过去正在进行的被动动作。 (2)过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，否则需要用完成时态的被动语态。 (3)少数及物动词的过去进行时的被动语态表示在过去按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。 He was being interviewed by a reporter when you called him up. 当你给他打电话时，他正在接受一位记者的采访。 The watch had been repaired twice when I bought it. 我买那块手表时，它已经被修过两次了。(此时不能用过去进行时) The boys said that some rock music was being played by them next. 那些男孩说接下来将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。 [即学即练1]——完成句子 ①昨天上午8点时这部电影正在被放映。 This film ________________ at 8 a．m.yesterday. ②今天下午我到家时厨房里正在做什么饭？ ________________________ in the kitchen when I got home this afternoon? was being shown What was being cooked 二、过去完成时的被动语态 1．过去完成时的被动语态的基本结构：had ＋been＋动词的过去分词。有以下三种形式： (1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分． (2)否定结构：主语＋ had not been done ＋其他成分． (3)疑问句结构： 一般疑问句：Had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋ had (＋主语)＋ been done ＋其他成分？ The environment had been damaged seriously before the villagers realized that. 在村民们意识到之前环境就已经遭到了严重的破坏。 I was told that the project had not been paid enough attention to. 我被告知这个项目还没有被足够关注。 How many buildings had been decorated by the end of last year? 到去年年底为止，有多少建筑物被装饰了？ 2．过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况： (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，且主语和谓语动词之间为动宾关系，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 (2)在 told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词先于主句谓语动词发生，且表示过去某一被动动作时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态。 (3)根据语意可以判断出动作先发生且主语和谓语动词之间为动宾关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。 By the time he got to the cinema，the first movie had been finished. 他到达电影院时，第一部电影已经播放完了。 He said the production costs had been reduced. 他说生产成本已经降低了。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet. 当任务完成时，他继续在互联网上搜索。 [名师点津]　当从句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 They checked the lock and the door carefully before they left. 他们在离开之前仔细地检查了锁和门。 [即学即练2]——单句语法填空 ①The car ________________ (repair) by the time the children returned from lunch. ②How many buildings ________________ (destroy) when the hurricane ended? ③The classroom ________________ (clean) before the teacher came. had been repaired had been destroyed had been cleaned 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Another bridge ________________ (build) over the river then. 2．Much money ________________ (collect) for the disabled people by yesterday. 3．The name __________________ (mention) several times before the report. 4．Their suggestion ____________________ (discuss) when they appeared. was being built had been collected had been mentioned was being discussed 5．Great efforts ________________ (make) to help the poor during his travel around the country. 6．They found that they ________________ (send) to work in the mountains. 7．Their workshop ________________ (equip) with necessary machines and they could begin the work. 8．The patient ________________ (examine) so he couldn't move then. were being made had been sent had been equipped was being examined Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成被动语态 1．The nurse had prepared everything when the doctor got to the operating room. →_____________________________________________________ _______________________ 2．Lily was cleaning the classroom at this time last Monday. →_____________________________________________________ _______________ Everything had been prepared by the nurse when the doctor got to the operating room. The classroom was being cleaned by Lily at this time last Monday.　 3．The rescue team had saved those trapped in the mine by 4 o'clock yesterday. →____________________________________________________ _________________ 4．The police were looking into the cause of the accident. →____________________________________________________ Those trapped in the mine had been saved by the rescue team by 4 o'clock yesterday.　 The cause of the accident was being looked into by the police.　 5．The engineers had designed a new bridge to ease the traffic stress. →_____________________________________________________ __________________ A new bridge had been designed by the engineers to ease the traffic stress. 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Half of the English novel________________ (write) already by the author by the end of last week and he may finish it in two weeks. 2．—Did you hear the noise downstairs? What was that? —Yes，I forgot to tell you.A new machine ________________ (test) then. 3．The treasures ________________ (hide) in a secret place so nobody found them. had been written was being tested　 had been hidden 4．Much money ________________ (donate) and it was used to help those in need. 5．His new house ________________ (paint) at that time，so he had to live in his parents' house. 6．Crops ________________ (harvest) and the farmers held a big party to celebrate it. 7．As we ________________ (teach) paper－cutting，we learned a lot about the art form. had been donated was being painted had been harvested were being taught 8．Great harm ________________ (do) to the global climate as the atmosphere became worse. 9．We didn't understand why the house ________________ (abandon) by its owner. 10．The stone ________________ (carve) into a lovely animal and some children were looking at the carving process. was being done　 had been abandoned was being carved Ⅱ.完成句子 1．黑夜降临了，仿佛一盏灯熄灭了，转眼间，白天来临了。 Night came as if a lamp _________________， and in another moment came the day. 2．当他们回到家时，他们发现他们的房子被人闯入，许多贵重物品被盗。 When they got home they found that their house __________________ _________________________________________________. was being turned out had been broken into and a lot of valuable things had been stolen 3．汤姆发现有两个男子在工作，一座小房子正在森林边被建造。 Tom found that two men _____________________________________ beside the forest. 4．当我起床时，早饭已经准备好了，厨房也被打扫干净了。 Breakfast _____________________________________________ when I got up. 5．当我询问那个男孩为什么他被锁在车里时，他大哭起来。 When I asked the boy ______________________________，he burst into tears. were working and a small house was being built had been prepared and the kitchen had been cleaned why he had been locked in the car Ⅲ.阅读理解 Climbing，I once thought，was a very manly activity，but as I found my way into this activity，I came to see that something quite different happens on the rock. Like wild swimming，rock climbing involves you into the landscape.On the rock，I am fully present.Eyes pay close attention，ears are alert(警觉的)，and hands move across the surface.Unlike walking，where I could happily wander about absent-mindedly，in climbing，attentive observation is essential. As an arts student studying English literature，I discovered a new type of reading from outdoor climbing.Going out on to the crags (悬崖)，I saw how you could learn to read the rocks and develop a vocabulary of physical movements.Good climbers knew how to map their bodies on to the stone.Watching them，I wanted to possess that skillful language. My leap happened when I worked for the Cairngorms National Park Authority.Guiding my explorations into this strange new landscape was Nan Shepherd，a lady too.Unlike the goal-directed mindset of many mountaineers，she is not concerned with peaks or personal beats.Shepherd sees the mountain as a total environment and she celebrates the Cairngorms as a place alive with plants，rocks，animals and elements.Through her generous spirit and my own wanderings，I saw that rock climbing need not be a process of testing oneself against anything.Rather，the intensity of focus could release a person into another way of being. Spending so much time in high and stony places has changed my view on the world and our place in it．I have come into physical contact with processes that go way beyond the everyday.Working with gravity，geology (地质学)，rhythms of weather and deep time，I gain an actual relationship with the earth.This connection lies at the heart of my passion for rock climbing.I return to the rocks，because this is where I feel in touch with our land. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者对攀岩的理解及从攀岩中得到的感悟。 1．Why does the author like rock climbing? A．It challenges her to compete with men. B．It allows her a unique attitude toward rock. C．It teaches her how to possess a new language. D．It makes her feel connected with the world. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知，通过研究重力、地质学、天气节奏和深时，作者得知了与地球的真实关系。这种联系正是作者对攀岩的热爱所在。由此可知，作者喜欢攀岩是因为攀岩可以使她与世界产生联系。 2 3 1 4 2．What does the writer find important in climbing? A．Balance.　　　　　　　 B．Concentration. C．Determination. D．Curiosity. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“in climbing，attentive observation is essential”可知，在攀岩的过程中，集中注意力观察周围的情况是极其重要的。 2 3 1 4 3．What does the writer learn from Nan Shepherd? A．Climbing goes together with nature. B．Every mountain top is within reach. C．The best climber is the one having fun. D．You cannot achieve high unless you change. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第四段后四句可知，这位攀岩者并不像其他登山者一样以目标为导向，反而将山视为一个整体的自然环境，她把这个地方视为植物、岩石、动物和其他元素的集合体，这点启发了作者，作者从Shepherd身上学到攀岩不是考验自己的过程，而是让自己与大自然融为一体。 2 3 1 4 4．What does the underlined word“it”in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Time. B．Contact. C．The world. D．My view. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。根据最后一段首句可知，在高处多石的地方待了这么长时间，改变了作者对世界和我们在其中的地位的看法。由此可知，此处指作者通过攀岩改变了对世界和自身在世界中的地位的看法，it指代上文的“世界”。 2 3 1 4 Ⅳ.完形填空 Despite facing numerous blows, Kieran Behan kept going.This remarkable man has 1 the world, not only with his gymnastic skills, but also his unshakable 2 ． Behan had a(n) 3 for gymnastics and became a part of the school team.However, his 4 childhood changed when he was ten, due to an operation.The unfortunate turn of events left him in a 5 ．The doctors told him that he would never walk. 6 ， against all odds, the young Behan returned to the gym 15 months later.Unfortunately, tragedy struck again when he was 12 years old.While working on the high bar at school, Behan 7 and hit the back of his head.This brain injury damaged his inner ear, taking away the two most crucial 8 of a gymnast: balance and coordination.This time, the doctor was even more 9 that he would never walk again.Nevertheless, Behan 10 to believe any of that.Over the next three years, he made 11 to recover.He managed to make a 12 to the gymnastic world. In 2016, Behan made it for the 2016 Olympic Games, his final Olympic appearance.He managed to complete his 13 and came in 38th in the event.Behan said, “If I've 14 anyone out there, then that's a(n) 15 I'm going to be so proud of.To have gone out there and given it my all, you can't really ask for much more.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了基兰·贝汉在经历了两次受伤之后，经过艰苦的训练，他参加了奥运会的体操比赛并获得第38名的好成绩的故事。 2 3 1 4 1．A.challenged B.impressed C．explored D．defended 答案：B 根据上文“Despite facing numerous blows, Kieran Behan kept going.”可知，尽管面临重重打击，基兰·贝汉还是坚持了下来，由此推断出这个了不起的人给世界留下了深刻的印象。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.will B．position C．foundation D．goal 答案：A 根据下文“ Over the next three years, he made 11 to recover.”可知，贝汉经历了两次事故，但是他在接下来的三年里努力恢复，说明他有不可动摇的意志。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.need B．passion C．nose D．idea 答案：B 根据下文“He managed to make a 12 to the gymnastic world.”可知，他在受伤后成功地重返体操界，说明他热爱体操。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.lonely B．unlucky C．imaginative D．peaceful 答案：D 根据上文“Behan had a(n) 3 for gymnastics and became a part of the school team.”可知，贝汉酷爱体操，并成为校队的一员，说明他的童年时光是平静的。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.seat B．mess C．wheelchair D．shelter 答案：C 根据下文“The doctors told him that he would never walk.”可知，医生告诉他，他再也不能走路了，由此推断出他需要用轮椅。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.Yet B．Thus C．Otherwise D．Besides 答案：A 根据上文“The doctors told him that he would never walk.”和下文“the young Behan returned to the gym 15 months later”可知，贝汉在被告知不能行走后的15个月后重新返回体育馆，前后句之间构成内容上的转折，应用yet表示转折关系。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.hung B．slipped C．jumped D．swung 答案：B 根据下文“hit the back of his head”可知，他摔伤了后脑勺，由此推断出在学校练习高杠时，贝汉滑倒了，故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.hobbies B．features C．skills D．qualities 答案：C 根据下文“balance and coordination”可知，平衡和协调是体操运动员最重要的两项技能。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.nervous B．puzzled C．certain D．depressed 答案：C 根据下文“he would never walk again”可知，他再也不能走路了是医生对于他受伤后情况的确定的诊断。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.tried B．tended C．started D．refused 答案：D 根据下文“Over the next three years, he made 11 to recover.”可知，在接下来的三年里他努力恢复，说明贝汉拒绝相信这一切。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.efforts B．suggestions C．arrangements D．promises 答案：A 根据下文“In 2016, Behan made it for the 2016 Olympic Games”可知，2016年，贝汉参加了2016年奥运会，由此推断出他努力进行恢复。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.difference B．comeback C．presentation D．breakthrough 答案：B 根据下文“In 2016, Behan made it for the 2016 Olympic Games”可知，2016年，贝汉参加了2016年奥运会，由此推断出他成功地重返体操界。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.drill B．mission C．routine D．course 答案：C 根据下文“came in 38th in the event”可知，他在比赛中获得了第38名，说明他成功地完成了自己的动作。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.inspired B．hurt C．misunderstood D．admired 答案：A 根据下文“then that's a(n) 15 I'm going to be so proud of”可知，那么这是一种祝福，他会为此感到自豪，说明他认为激励他人后他会感到自豪。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.trick B．story C．ambition D．blessing 答案：D 根据上文“If I've 14 anyone out there”可知，贝汉认为如果他激励了那里的任何人，那么这是一种让他感到自豪的祝福。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了杭州第19届亚运会开幕式的盛况。 Hangzhou, known for its beautiful scenery in history, is also a place where great 1. (event) are often held.The opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games 2. (hold) at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium in Hangzhou 3. Saturday evening.People were amazed by the display of Chinese aesthetics 4. (exhibit) at the opening ceremony. 1．考查名词单复数。句意：杭州，在历史上以其美丽的风景而闻名，也是一个经常举办大型活动的地方。event是可数名词，作主语，由空后are可知，应用其名词复数形式。故填events。 答案：events 2．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在周六晚上，第19届亚运会开幕式在杭州奥体中心体育场举行。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少谓语动词，根据Saturday evening可知，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；the opening ceremony和hold之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；主语是单数，be动词使用was。故填was held。 答案：was held 3．考查介词。句意：在周六晚上，第19届亚运会开幕式在杭州奥体中心体育场举行。在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上，介词用on。故填on。 答案：on 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们对开幕式上展示的中国美学感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词were amazed，故空处需填非谓语动词，Chinese aesthetics和exhibit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填exhibited。 答案：exhibited Viewers noticed that as the athletes made 5. (they) entrance into the field, the screen beneath their feet manifested pictures of different flowers and patterns.The entry of the Chinese team was accompanied by a breathtaking visual representation of the motherland's mountains and rivers. 5．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：观众注意到，当运动员进入赛场时，他们脚下的屏幕上显示着不同的花朵和图案的图片。根据entrance可知，空处需填形容词性物主代词，故填their。 答案：their The atmosphere at the opening ceremony reached 6. peak of excitement when the digital torchbearer (火炬手) lit the main cauldron, 7. marked a historic moment in the Asian Games' history. 6．考查冠词。句意：当数字火炬手点燃主火炬时，开幕式的气氛达到了顶峰，标志着亚运会历史上的一个历史性时刻。根据peak可知，空处需填冠词修饰名词，此处泛指“一个……的顶峰”，故用不定冠词，peak的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 答案：a 7．考查定语从句。句意：当数字火炬手点燃主火炬时，开幕式的气氛达到了顶峰，标志着亚运会历史上的一个历史性时刻。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代前面提到的事情，故用which引导。故填which。 答案：which The opening ceremony drew inspiration from 8. (tradition)cultures, attracting the world's tourists to China.It was the representations 9. showed that today's China is developing 10. (quick). 8．考查词性转换。句意：开幕式从传统文化中汲取灵感，吸引了世界各地的游客来到中国。根据cultures可知，空处需填形容词traditional“传统的”，作定语。故填traditional。 答案：traditional 9．考查强调句。句意：正是这些呈现出的东西表明今天的中国正在迅速发展。分析句子结构可知，此处是强调句型，强调the representations。故填that。 答案：that 10．考查词性转换。句意：正是这些呈现出的东西表明今天的中国正在迅速发展。根据developing可知，空处需填副词quickly“迅速地”，作状语，修饰动词。故填quickly。 答案：quickly $$