U4 Scientists who changed the world 单元基础知识回顾-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元基础知识回顾 Ⅰ.语境识词——写出下列词汇在句中的词性和词义 1.broad /brɔːd/ (1)The hills rise green and sheer above the broad river. __________ (2)The lake is a broad expanse of water surrounded by beautiful willows and poplars. ____________________ adj.宽的 adj.开阔的；广阔的 (3)The first lecture introduces new students to the broad outlines of the subject. ______________________________ (4)A talent is one who has broad general knowledge and skills in several areas.________________________ adj.概括的；一般的；不具体的 adj.广泛的；涉及面广的 2.experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ (1)In doing so， I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.__________ (2)Some people feel that experimenting on animals is wrong. ____________ n.实验 vi.做 试验 3.trial /ˈtraɪəl/ (1)We’re trialling the new drug in several hospitals.________________ (2)The police chief stood trial in New York on Tuesday， charged with abuse of power.________ (3)I was delighted that the company decided to employ me for a trial period.________ vt.测试，试验 n.审判 n.试用 4.household /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ (1)New Year’s Day is around the corner， and households are busy preparing varieties of candies.________________ (2)The sum total of housework should be divided， according to household needs， and be assigned to members， consistent with their will and skill.____________________________ n.一家人，家庭 adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的 5.conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ (1)Experiments show water conducts heat faster than air._________ (2)After the get-together， a guide conducted us around the Great Wall._______________ vt.传导 vt.引导，带领 (3)The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner._____________ (4)Make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _______________ vt.组织，实施 vt.举止，表现 6.illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ (1)Over a hundred diagrams， tables and pictures illustrate the book._____________ (2)In a piece from 2018， Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic：Every 60 seconds， a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean._________ vt.加插图于 vt.说明 7.indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ (1)The Chinese word for fish is “鱼” which sounds the same as “余”(surplus)， indicating plenty of food and wealth._________ (2)Sometimes this expression indicates the end of a meeting.As soon as you hear it， you know the meeting is at an end._______________ (3)The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder， indicating that it’s high time we reflected on ourselves._________ vt.象征 vt.表明，预示 vt.指出 8.favour /ˈfeɪvə(r)/ (1)By contrast， individual travel， whose rate of 2019 doubles that of 2015， is favored by people.___________ (2)Do me a favour and turn the radio down while I’m on the phone， will you？________ vt.较喜欢 n.帮助 (3)She always favours her youngest child (more than the others)._________ (4)80％ of the middle-aged in this city were in favor of the proposal for health care reform.________ vt.偏袒 n.赞同 9.charge /tʃɑːrdʒ / (1)She has charge of the day-to-day running of the business.________ (2)Do you think museums should charge for admission？_________ (3)Several people were arrested but nobody was charged._________ (4)The shaver can be charged up and used when travelling._________ (5)She rejected the charge that the story was untrue.________ n.掌管 vi.收费 vt.起诉 vt.充电 n.谴责 10.standout /stændaʊt/ (1)While all the desserts are pretty good， the clear standout is the lemon pie.____________ (2)Isobel is another standout song.____________ 11.bomb /bɒm/ (1)The city was heavily bombed in the war._________ (2)There was chaos in the theatre when the bomb went off.________ n.突出的物 adj.出色的 vt.轰炸 n.炸弹 12.involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ (1)No matter what you like to do， there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day._____________ (2)The job involves travelling abroad for three months every year._________ (3)These changes will involve everyone on the staff._________ vt.(使)参加 vt.包含 vt.影响 13.credit /ˈkredɪt/ (1)We bought the dishwasher on credit.________ (2)The bank refused further credit to the company.________ (3)He’s a player who rarely seems to get the credit he deserves. _______________ (4)She is a credit to the school.______________________ n.赊购 n.贷款 n.赞扬，认可 n.为……赢得荣誉的人 (5)It was fantastic seeing my name in the credits._______________________ (6)He’s only 30， and he already has four novels to his credit. ________________ (7)The education department offered a “free” course， called Thinking Chess， for three credits._______ (8)$50，000 has been credited to your account.________________ (9)The company is credited with inventing the robot._______________ n.片头字幕，片尾字幕 n.取得……成就 n.学分 vt.存入金额 vt.把……归于 14.moral /ˈmɒrəl/ (1)The doctor was faced with the moral dilemma of whether to tell the patient the truth.____________ (2)The moral of the story is that sometimes a little fear is what we need to stay active and alive.________ adj.道德的 n.寓意 15.apply /əˈplaɪ/ (1)You would pass your exams if you applied yourself._____________ (2)I’m writing to apply for the post of volunteer for our school English association._________ vt.努力学习 vi.申请 (3)The right thing would be to apply direct pressure to the wound._______ (4)The word “unexciting” could never be applied to her novels._______ (5)The problem is how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and to our lives._______________ vt.使用 vt.涉及 vt.应用，运用 16.permit /pəˈmɪt/ (1)If you have no permit， you won’t be permitted to enter this building.__________ (2)Weather permitting，we’ll have the important meeting on schedule._____________________ n.许可证 vi.允许，准许，许可 Ⅱ.语境用词——根据语境填写适当内容 1.deadly (1)In ancient times， people believed that they could be brought back to life after_______ (dead). (2)A________ disease spread in this area， leaving many______.(dead) (3)The experts survived in ______________________ (致命的冒险). death deadly deaths the deadly adventure 2.survival (1)Illegal hunting is threatening the __________ (survive) of the species so we must take some measures. (2)It is necessary we master some basic skills， which will greatly increase our chances of_________.Luckily， I________the terrible car crash last week and I was the only________of the accident.(survive) survival survival survived survivor (3)Some strange customs have________________________(从更早些时候流传下来的). (4)It’s said that the woman_____________________________ (比她的丈夫多活了10年). survived from earlier times survived her husband by 10 years 3.broad (1)The president_________(broad) got what he wanted out of his meeting. (2)Mike often go abroad to_________(broad) his horizons. broadly broaden 4.intend (1)He returned with the___________(intend) of spending the Spring Festival with his family. (2)I intend____________________(study) in London during the summer vacation. (3)I don’t think she intended me_________(hear) the remark. (4)But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly_____________ _______(不是发给他的)， he did something special. intention studying/to study to hear wasn’t intended for him 5.refer to (1)A common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence is that it refers ____a person’s positive qualities. (2)Mr. Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural _____________(refer)，making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan， seen from Western eyes. to references (3)Johnson referred to the discovery____ a major breakthrough in medical science. (4)I’m writing to request further details __________________________ ________________________ (关于您近期的广告). (5)He went straight to the bedroom，____________________________ __________________ (没有提及刚刚发生的事情). as in/with reference to your recent advertisement making no reference to what had just happened 6.experiment (1)Many people do not like the idea of_____________(experiment) on animals. (2)Several countries have experimented______name-blind applications. experiments with 7.limited (1)A man’s life is_________，but there is no_______to serving the people.I will devote my_________ life to the___________job of serving the people.(limit) (2)_________________(有限的资源) are restricting our capacity for developing new products. limited limit limited limitless Limited resources (3)The teaching of history should not____________ (限制) dates and figures. (4)My wife and I______________(设定了一个限额) how much we spend on clothes. be limited to set a limit on 8.postpone It was an unpopular decision to postpone__________(build) the new hospital. building 9.speed up (1)With a serpentine line， a long delay at one register won’t unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it.Instead， it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed_____checkout overall. (2)Then， on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab， each man walked for an hour____an average speed that， in theory， should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. up at (3)The tasters move down the line______surprising speed， tasting from a spoon and deciding what is a fair price for each tea. (4)The weeks__________________(转眼就过去了) and soon it was time to go back to school. (5)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience， especially if you are travelling_______________(以高速). with sped/speeded by at high speed 10.pay off (1)When almost everyone has a mobile phone， why are more than half of Australian homes still paying_____a landline (座机)？ (2)He couldn’t reasonably be expected to pay______the loan all at once. (3)The hours he spent on the playground and doing sit-ups have paid _____. (4)You must___________________________(注意这个问题) before everything. for back off pay attention to this problem 11.beneficial (1)This new railway________this area in many ways.It is_________to the people living in this area.For the_________of more people， we should build more railways.(benefit) benefits beneficial benefit (2)The new regulation will benefit everyone concerned. →The new regulation will____________everyone concerned.(beneficial adj.) →Everyone concerned will____________the new regulation.(benefit v.) →The new regulation will be_____________everyone concerned.(benefit n.) be beneficial to benefit from of benefit to 12.conduct (1)A study_________(conduct) in Youngstown， Ohio， for example， discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. (2)For my part， I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great ___________ (conduct) or even a good one. conducted conductor 13.illustrate (1)To give a definition of a word is more different than to give an ____________(illustrate) of its use. (2)Let me give another example___________(illustrate) the challenges he is faced with. illustration to illustrate 14.surround (1)I always dream of having a house____________by trees and flowers.If we can live in such beautiful______________，we must have a happy feeling every day.The__________________things always have an effect on our mood. (surround) surrounded surroundings surrounding (2)He found his daughter_______________(围绕) letters and books and looking a little worried.　 (3)Luckily， I quickly adapted to____________________(新的环境) and everything returned to normal in no time. (4)There were magnificent views of the_________________________ (周围乡村). surrounded by the new surroundings surrounding countryside 15.indicate (1)A firm handshake is generally regarded as an____________(indicate) that someone is confident. (2)The soldier came back again，____________(indicate) he didn’t give up. indication indicating 16.intelligent (1)______________(intelligence) systems can assist in translating cultural content， making it accessible to a global audience. (2)We should owe our success to hard work rather than______________ (intelligent). Intelligent intelligence 17.favour (1)Could you do me______favour and pick up Sam from school today？ (2)As an examiner， she showed no favour________any candidate. (3)I’m all_______favour of equal pay for equal work. a to in (4)She was willing to bend the rules____Mary’s favour. (5)She made a____________(favour) impression on his parents. (6)__________________(寻求帮忙) of the President of the United States was no casual matter， especially for a seventeen-year-old girl. in favorable Asking a favour 18.charge (1)At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny－usually two or three cents_____________—and some of the older well－known papers __________five or six cents.(charge) (2)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and_________ (charge) toward me. was charged charged charges (3)We have to make a small charge_____refreshments. (4)He forgot the_________(charge) for his mobile phone. for charger (5)父亲退休后由儿子掌管公司。 →The son_________________the company after his father’s retirement. →The son_________________the company after his father’s retirement. →The company_____________________________________after his father’s retirement. →The company___________________________after his father’s retirement. took charge of was in charge of was under/in the charge of the son was in/under the son’s charge 19.involve (1)We need to examine all the costs__________(involve) in the project first. (2)I told him about the activities____which I was involved. (3)An example at hand is the_____________(involve) of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. (4)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves ________ (spend) quite a lot of time with students. involved in involvement spending 20.credit (1)It is important to do what you have promised， or you may ____________ (失去信任). (2)The invention of the industrial robot______________ (归功于) the team. lose credit is credited to 21.apply (1)It’s well known that theory should be applied___practice. (2)They say the convention does not apply____them. (3)I am writing to apply_____the voluntary work. to to for (4)Recently more than one hundred people submitted their___________ (apply) forms for the job.Finally only five___________(apply) were left after the interview.The manager hoped they could apply what they have learnt at college_____the job and they could apply____________(they) to the new job. (5)John has____________________(致力于)this task with considerable energy. application applicants to themselves applied himself to 22.let sb. down (1)The company now has a large number of workers who feel badly let ______. (2)Most families spare some fireworks from the Spring Festival and let them_____in the Lantern Festival. down off (3)When she caught sight of the snake， she let_____a cry of horror. (4)Englishmen themselves， let_______foreigners， are often uncertain what is slang(俚语) and what isn’t. (5)She let go_____Mona’s hand and took a sip of her drink. out alone of 23.ignorance (1)How much， though？ How__________(ignore) are we？ The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me. (2)We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant _________their value. ignorant of/about (3)他不知道父母为他创造一个良好学习氛围的良苦用心。 →He____________________his parents’ intention of creating a good study atmosphere for him. →He_____________________his parents’ intention of creating a good study atmosphere for him. was ignorant of/about was in ignorance of 24. take it for granted (1)But often drivers just pass by，_______________________________ ________ (把人体交通标志视为理所当然). (2)We must____________________(把……考虑在内)that the school library has not purchased new books for a long time. (3)____________ (放松点).Don’t be so sensitive. taking the human traffic signal for granted take into consideration Take it easy 25.permit (1)My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their____________(permit). (2)_____her dad’s permission， she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. permission With (3)She had asked the government_____permission to move the books to a safe place， but they refused. (4)Permit me__________(offer) you my sincere congratulations. (5)如果天气允许的话，在午间试着出去走走。 →_____________________，try to go out for a walk at lunchtime.(if从句) →_____________________，try to go out for a walk at lunchtime.(独立主格结构) for to offer If weather permits Weather permitting 26.declare (1)Germany declared war_____________France on 3 August 1914. (2)As witnesses to the accident， we were asked to make written ______________(declare) of what we had seen. (3)_____was declared that the art festival was a huge success. on/against declarations It 27.put forward (1)I can_____________(容忍) the house being untidy，but I hate it if it’s not clean. (2)She finished_______________________(把牛奶收好) and charged up her mobile phone. (3)First he opened a shop and then he________(张贴) a sign outside the shop to attract customers. put up with putting the milk away put up Ⅲ.完成句子 1.他养成了一种晚饭后去散步的习惯。(it作形式宾语) He____________________________after dinner. 2.他们很可能会因为这个过错而被公司解雇。(be likely to) They___________________________________because of the fault. makes it a rule to go for a walk are likely to be fired by the company 3.直到他遇到这次困难，他才意识到团队合作的重要性。(含“not until”的强调句) It was________________________________he realized the importance of team work. not until he met with the difficulty that 4.汤姆是一个聪明而勤奋的学生。他总是第一个回答问题。(to do作后置定语) Tom is a clever and diligent student.He is always the first ____________ _________. 5.我希望以上这些建议会对你有所帮助。(be of＋抽象名词) I hope these suggestions above all will____________________. to answer questions be of some help to you Ⅳ.单元语法 1.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph_______(take). 2.Our school offers students a course specially__________(design) to help them succeed academically and personally. taken designed 3.To solve the problem of water pollution， I’d like to look at a study_________ (conduct) in 2020. 4.Get your answers_________(check) before you hand in the papers. 5._______________(disappoint) at her son’s study，the woman began to cry. conducted checked Disappointed $$