专题02 必修三Units 3～4（期末复习讲义）高一英语下学期译林版

专题02 必修三Units 3~4（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点：复习与网络，著名人物科学家等主题相关的重点词汇、短语的能力，更好地运用这些语言知识。 复习难点: 在阅读过程中归纳段落大意、分析长难句、猜测词义等; 总结归纳所选语篇的大意、写作目的、作者的情感态度。 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重 surround, favor, apply, permit, charge在具体语境中的选择，以及refer to, take, bring 的搭配。 句型转换/翻译：常涉及状语从句，定语从句和非谓语动词之间的句型转换。 知识点1 take off突然大受欢迎,迅速流行;开始成功;(飞机)起飞;脱去(衣服等);(突然且出人意料地)离开;休假 take away　 拿走;夺走 take in 吸收;理解;欺骗;收留 take on 具有,呈现;担任,承担;雇用 take over 接管;接任;控制 take up 拿起;占据;开始从事 The large table takes up too much space of the room. 这张大桌子占了房间太大的地方。 The city has taken on a new look over the past few years. 在过去的几年里，这座城市呈现出了新的面貌。 The son took over the company after his father passed away. 父亲去世后，儿子接管了公司。 写出下列句中take off的含义 1．She took off her coat and hung it on the hook before entering the office. ______________ 2．We waited anxiously at the airport as the plane didn’t take off on time. ______________ 3．He decided to take some time off after finishing the tough project. ______________ 知识点2 access n.机会,权利;入径,通道 vt.到达,进入;使用 (1)access to...接近……的机会;进入……的权利 have/get/gain/obtain access to... 可以接近/会见/进入…… (2)accessible adj. 可进入的;可使用的 be accessible to 可进入……;可使用……;易接近……;可见到…… The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, and it's accessible through a computer. Free Internet access at home is a huge step in making online education. 互联网是世界上最大的信息来源，而且可以通过电脑访问。在家免费上网是在线教育的一大进步。 Students must have/get/gain access to good resources.学生必须有机会使用好的资源。 There is no access to the house from the main road.从大路走没有进入这所房子的入口。 access前通常不加冠词；access和accessible后的to都是介词。 例1： Theater classes should be accessible to all children in junior high school.(同义转换) →All children in junior high school should ________ ________ ________ theater classes. 知识点3 bring up使显示在计算机屏幕上,调出;养育;抚养;教育;提出;呕吐 bring about　　 引起;导致(事故、变化等) bring back 使某物恢复;使回忆起某事 bring down 使……降低;使……倒下 bring in 引入;赚得;挣得 bring out 使显现出;公布;出版 bring birth 努力产生好结果、结出好果实 The economic reform brought about great change in the lives of the common people. 经济改革给老百姓的生活带来了巨大的变化。 Generally speaking, increasing supply or decreasing demand can bring down prices. 一般来说，增加供给或减少需求可以降低价格。 I have three part-time jobs, which bring in about ￡14,000 a year. 我有三份兼职工作，每年收入约1.4万英镑。 例1．The government has taken measures to bring the rising housing prices. ​ 例2．Besides, the results of the examinations always bring the worry and anxiety of the students. 例3．These efforts will surely bring good fruit. 例4．This picture often brings many happy memories of my high school days to me. 例5．Our school invited an expert to bring the latest research findings in biology. 例6．It was very difficult for her to bring five children all by herself during the war. 知识点4 aware adj.知道,意识到;察觉到,发觉;有……意识的 (1)be aware that ...　　　　　　 知道，体会到…… be/become aware of 知道/意识到 make sb. aware of/that ... 使某人意识到 (2)awareness n. 认识，意识 raise awareness about/of 提高对……的认识 Someone made him aware of the effects of his actions. If so, he could gradually raise public moral awareness. 有人让他意识到自己行为的后果。如果是这样，他可以逐渐提高公众的道德意识。 I did not become aware of the danger until he warned me.直到他警告我，我才意识到危险。 James was not aware that his own weakness was his greatest enemy.詹姆斯没有意识到他自己的弱点是他最大的敌人。 例1．The government calls on everyone to enhance environmental protection (aware). 例2．The children should be made aware the danger of taking drugs. 知识点5 request vt.请求;要求 n. 要求,请求;要求的事 (1)make requests/a request for　 请求;要求…… at sb.’s request=at the request of sb. 应某人的要求 (2)request sb.to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 request that sb.(should) do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 It is requested that...(should) do sth. 要求/请求…… She requested him to remove the heavy box in her room.  她请求他把她房间里的那个重箱子移走。 I am writing to request you to help me find a Chinese teacher./I am writing to request that you (should) help me find a Chinese teacher. 我给你写信请求你帮我找一位汉语老师。 【易错提示】request用法提醒 request后跟宾语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”的形式表示虚拟,其中should可以省略。 The school requests that students should not bring cell phones to classrooms. →The school ______________________________ cell phones to classrooms. (简单句) →The school ______________________________ bring cell phones to classrooms. (同位语从句) →______________________________ students should not bring cell phones to classrooms in school. (主语从句) 知识点6 addict n.对……入迷的人;瘾君子 (1)addicted 　　adj.入了迷的;上了瘾的;成瘾的 be/become/get addicted to (doing) sth. 沉迷/热爱/迷上(做)某事 (2)addictive adj.(药物等)使人上瘾的 (3)addiction n.上瘾;入迷;嗜好 addiction to... 对……上瘾 Addicted to playing the violin, he didn’t notice a thief walk into his house. 他沉迷于拉小提琴,没有注意到有个小偷走进了他的房子。 Due to his addiction to surfing the Internet, he has lost interest in study. 因为沉迷于上网,他已经失去了学习的兴趣。 addicted, addiction常与介词to连用,后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 addicted常修饰人;addictive意为“使人上瘾的”,常修饰物。 下列短语中,to是介词,后跟名词或动名词: be/become accustomed/used to习惯于/ be related/relevant to与……有关/ be opposed to 反对/ be exposed /to/expose...to 暴露于;接触/be devoted to/devote...to　献身于,致力于/adapt/adjust to 适应/contribute to 促进,有助于;为……做贡献/get down to 着手/开始做/lead to 导致;通往/look forward to 盼望,期盼/object to反对/refer to 谈到;查阅;参考;指的是/stick to 坚持 例1．His (addict) to playing cards has affected his work. 例2．They are (addict) to computer games, which will have a bad effect on their studies.   例3．Those students who are addicted to (play) games all day long always have difficulty in getting on with others. 例4．As far as I’m concerned, it’s not wise for us to be addicted to (play) with smart phones because we may ignore other things in life. 知识点7 appreciate vt.欣赏,赏识;感谢 (1)appreciate doing...　欣赏/感激做…… I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激。 (2)appreciation n.欣赏;感激;理解 in appreciation of 欣赏;感激 (3)appreciative adj.感激的;欣赏的 I really appreciate working with someone who does such a good job.  我真的很乐意和工作做得这么好的人一起工作。 I would appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity.  如果您能给我这个机会,我将不胜感激。 Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you’ve done for us.  请接受这份礼物,感谢你为我们所做的一切。 appreciate后不能用不定式,而要用动名词作宾语。作“感激;感谢”讲时,其宾语不能是人,只能是事或物。 appreciate之后不能直接跟if引导的从句,要先接it再跟if从句。like, hate, dislike, love, depend/rely on等动词(词组)之后接if/when从句有类似用法。 例1．I would like to convey my heartfelt (appreciate) to you for your kind assistance in my English learning. 例2．I would appreciate if you could accept my invitation. 知识点8 cut back on 削减;减少 cut away 切去 cut off 切断;隔绝 cut down 削减;砍伐 cut out 删去;剪出 cut in 插嘴,打断 cut up 切碎 The government has cut back on defense spending. 政府已削减了国防开支。 The gardener cut away the dead branches of the trees. 园艺师把树上的枯枝砍掉了。 We were lost in discussing the topic when Steve cut in.我们正聚精会神地讨论这个话题,这时史蒂夫插嘴了。 例1．丈夫失业几个月了,因此夫妻俩不得不削减开支。 The husband had been out of work for months and as a result, ________________________. 例2．我们将不得不削减我们的花费。 We shall have to ________. 知识点9 intend vi.&vt.想要;计划;意指 (1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算去做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人去做某事 sb. intend(s) that =It is intended that 打算 (2)intended adj.预期的,有意的 be intended for... 为……准备 (3)intention n.意图 with the intention of... 怀着……的意图 China intends to send/sending astronauts to the moon by the year of about 2030. 中国计划在2030年左右将宇航员送上月球。 He wrote the letter with the intention of asking for some advice.  他写了这封信,想征求一些意见。 I had intended to watch the football match last night, but I had an important thing to do. 昨晚我本来打算看足球比赛的,但我有一件重要的事情要做。 intend的过去完成时可以表示过去本来打算做某事,但实际上未做,是一种虚拟语气的用法。有这种用法的动词还有:hope, wish, expect等。 例1．他们本来打算帮忙，但是没有及时到达那里。（intend） They _______________________________ but couldn’t get there in time. 例2．The book is intended for little children. It is popular with us. (同义句转换) →The book ________________ is popular with us. （用定语从句） →The book ________________ is popular with us. （用非谓语动词） 知识点10 refer to 查阅,参考;提到,谈及,提交;指的是 (1)refer...to...　 把……提交给…… refer to...as... 把……称为…… (2)reference n.提及;涉及;参考;参考书 for reference 以备查阅;以供参考 Please complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.  请在不查阅字典的情况下完成这个练习。 Now that the boy has been punished,please don’t refer to that matter again.  既然那个男孩已经被惩罚了,请不要再提那件事了。 例1．说出下列句子refer to 的意思 1．Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. ________ 2．We often referred to the dictionary for new words in reading. ________ 3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to? ________ 知识点11 surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关 (1)surround sb./sth. with /by... 使某人/某物被……包围 be surrounded by/with 被……包围/环绕 (2)surrounding 　　　　n.周围的事物;环境(通常用复数形式)adj.周围的 (3)surroundings n. 环境 The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings． The museum is located in a park which is surrounded by/ with many impressive buildings.博物馆位于一个被大量令人印象深刻的建筑包围的公园内。 Surrounded with a sea of challenges and difficulties, he never gives up. 身处重重挑战与困难之中，他却从未放弃。 例1．Adjusting to new (surround) can be a challenging experience for some people. 例2．With the mountain peak (surround) by thick mist, we enjoyed a peaceful and mysterious view of nature. 例3．We walked through the ancient city, with tall stone walls (surround) us on both sides. 知识点12 favour vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒 (1)ask a favor of sb. 请某人帮忙/照顾 do a favor for sb.=do sb.a favour给某人恩惠,帮某人忙 in one’s favor 对某人有利 in favor of 支持,赞同 (2)favorite adj.最喜爱的 (3)favorable adj.有利的;良好的;赞成的 What he said just now indicated that he was in favor of the plan. 他刚才说的话表明,他赞成这个计划。 The race will not be so easy, but anything can happen, so I hope we can have some things in our favor.  比赛不会很容易, 但是任何事情都有可能发生,所以我希望有些事情会对我们有利。 Two little boys wanted to ask a favor of their mother.  两个小男孩想让他们的妈妈帮忙。 I am doing a chemistry experiment. Would you do me a favor/do a favor for me to pass me that test tube?  我正在做一个化学实验。请帮忙把那个试管递给我好吗? 例1．Opportunities and success tend to be in favor those who are ready. 知识点13 charge vt. & vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管 (1)in charge (of) 　　 主管;负责;照顾 in the charge of=in one’s charge 由某人负责,由某人管理 take charge of 掌管;负责,看管 free of charge=for free 免费 (2)charge sb.with (doing) sth.因(做)某事控告某人 charge sb.(money) for sth. 向某人索取……的费用 Officials in charge of the camps say the system is now running extremely smoothly.  负责营房的官员说这一体制目前运作得相当顺利。 Challenge yourself and take charge of your own growth in your career.  挑战自己,为自己的职业发展负责。 Visitors can use the hotel facilities free of charge/for free. 游客可以免费使用旅馆的设施。 表示“控告某人(做)某事”还可以用accuse sb.of (doing) sth.结构。注意介词搭配的不同。 例1．写出句中charge的含义 1.My phone battery is low; I need to charge it. 2.The store charges 20 dollars for this T-shirt. 3.She will take charge of the department while the manager is away. 4.The cavalry prepared to charge the enemy lines. 知识点14 apply vt.&vi.应用;申请;涂;有关 (1)apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某事 apply sth.to 把……应用于…… apply to sb./sth. 适用于/运用于…… apply oneself to (doing) sth.集中精力于/专注于(做)某事 (2)application n.请求;申请;申请表;应用 (3) applicant n.申请人 It’s well known that theory should be applied to practice. 众所周知,理论应该应用于实践。 They say the convention does not apply to them. 他们说这条惯例对他们不适用。 I am writing to apply for the voluntary work. 我写信申请志愿者的工作。 Scymanski has applied himself to this task with considerable energy. 赛曼斯基已经花了相当多的精力致力于这项任务。 apply oneself to, apply to, apply sth.to 等短语中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式。 例1：This new teaching (apply) makes abstract grammar rules easier to understand. 例2：The university received over 200 (apply) for the exchange program. 知识点14 permit vt.&vi. 允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n.许可证 (1)permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事 if time permits 如果时间允许 (2)permission n.[U]允许,许可,批准 have permission to do sth. 获得许可做某事 with one’s permission/with the permission of sb. 在某人的许可/准许下 without permission 未经许可 The government does not permit scenic spots to charge tourists arbitrarily.  政府不允许景点向游客乱收费。 If weather permits/Weather permitting, try to go out for a walk after supper.  如果天气允许,晚饭后尽量出去散步。 They cannot leave the country without permission.  没有许可他们不得离开这个国家。 例1：Weather (permit), we will go out for an outing tomorrow. 例2．It’s strange that he should have taken the books without the owner’s (permit). 例3．The government has deliberately prevented its foreign staff from gaining work (permit). 例4．I was the first man (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas. ( 基础通关练 （测试时间： 10 分钟） ) 单句语法填空 1.（2024-2025学年重庆西南大学附属中学校高一下学期期末）The (major) of employees support flexible working hours, according to the survey. 2．The exact date for the conference (arrange) will be set next week. 3．The only access the farm house is across the fields. 4．The movie is so (scare) that I dare not watch it alone at night. 5．The laboratory has a set of specialized (contain) for storing dangerous chemicals safely. 6．We should always learn from the profound (wise) of the older generation. 7．Regular exercise is highly (benefit) to our physical and mental health, helping us stay fit and reducing stress effectively. 8．We should analyze social problems from an objective and (science) point of view. 9．In fact, sometimes authors (involve) in the film adaptation process and may even be the screenwriter. 10．Weather (permit), we’ll hold the sports meeting as scheduled. 11．Although he grew up in a small village with limited access to books, his natural curiosity and constant reading turned him into an (intellect) person. 12．When (apply) for the scholarship, you need to submit a completed form, a personal statement, and proof of academic achievement by the deadline. 13．Active in life, she credits her energy her lifelong practice of Tai Chi. 14. Unluckily, we still have no idea how important it is to raise the (aware) of environmental protection. 15．I’d appreciate if you could put yourself in my shoes and tell me how I can, deal with it. 二、完成句子 1. The leader said to him, “Please write your report as soon as possible.” (改为间接引语) →The leader requested him___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ as soon as possible. 2．努力减少生产产量并降低我们制作和购买的东西的数量是我们的义务。 ________ production and reduce the number of things________. 3. He is in charge of the newspaper’s advertisement section. (同义句转换) →The newspaper’s advertisement section ________. →The newspaper’s advertisement section ________. ( 重难突破练 （测试时间： 20 分钟） ) 一、阅读理解 (2024-2025学年湖南怀化市高一下学期期末考试英语试题) Huang Xuhua, the “father of China’s nuclear submarines (潜艇)”, passed away at the age of 99 due to illness. Born in Guangdong Province in 1926, Huang’s life was like a submarine in the deep sea — silent, but with endless power. In 1958, due to his outstanding political qualities and excellent professional skills, he was secretly called to Beijing. From then, he worked in secrecy for 30years, devoting himself to China’s nuclear submarine program. Together with the first-generation nuclear submarine research team, he focused on research, overcoming difficulties, and pushing forward consistently. Huang’s life was one of outstanding achievements and greatness. From 2017 to 2020, he was awarded national-level honors three times by President Xi Jinping. In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of the Republic and in 2020, he received the highest science and technology award of the nation for 2019. Huang also cared deeply about the long-term development of national science and technology, nuclear submarine work, and the healthy growth of future generations. He donated over 20 million yuan to this field. The development of China’s nuclear submarine technology was a hard journey full of challenges. Huang and his colleagues, through strong determination and tireless efforts, succeeded in building the nation’s first nuclear submarine. Without the development of the submarines, China’s position as a major global power and a strong nation would not have been firmly built in the way it is today, Song Zhongping, a Chinese military expert, told the Global Times. What Huang and the pioneering generation of scientists have left to us is a determined spirit. It is this spirit that will drive us to achieve technological breakthroughs and overcome difficulties in the face of frightening challenges, said Song. 1．Why was Huang’s life like a submarine in the deep sea silently? A．Because his job required secrecy. B．Because submarines were silent. C．Because he was a deaf man. D．Because no one knew his life. 2．According to paragraph 3, which of the following best describes Huang? A．Brave and kind. B．Fruitful and generous. C．Outstanding and patient. D．Creative and responsible. 3．Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A．Song was one of Huang’s colleagues in building submarines. B．The development of the submarines was important for the nation. C．The development of the nation’s nuclear submarines was smooth. D．Huang and his team created the only nuclear submarine in China. 4．What is the main idea of this text? A．The competition between foreign countries and China in science. B．The great importance of advanced technology in national defense. C．The personal life story of Huang, including his hobbies and interests. D．Huang’s contributions to the development of China’s nuclear submarine. 二、完形填空 （2024-2025学年福建省厦门市高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题） Graduation ceremonies are often filled with proud families, smiling seniors and words of encouragement. But at Mansfield ISD’s Summit High School, the Class of 2025 received something 1 — a personal letter from their headmaster. Headmaster Jason Mutterer went above and beyond by personally writing 443 2 letters with specific thanks. Along with each note, he 3 a single dollar bill, symbolizing the power of even the smallest acts of 4 . The letters took him more than 24 hours to 5 , but to Mutterer, it was time well spent. His goal: to show his students that individual kindness 6 , and that together, 443 random (随机的) acts of kindness can start a ripple effect (涟漪效应) and create 7 change in the world. Mutterer 8 his seniors during the school’s graduation ceremony, calling it an absolute honor to 9 this excellent class. Mutterer wanted to 10 them with something. “Inside that letter, there’s a single dollar bill,” Mutterer said. “It might seem 11 , but if 443 kids are doing random acts of kindness every day, it has a huge 12 .” “He made every one of us feel seen and loved,” said one student after the graduation ceremony. “Hopefully we get to 13 the kindness one day and make other people feel important and appreciated.” Mutterer’s parting 14 to his students was more than a goodbye. It was a 15 : to go out into the world and pay it forward. 1．A．strange B．expensive C．extra D．average 2．A．fancy B．typical C．welcoming D．heartfelt 3．A．included B．exchanged C．required D．found 4．A．courage B．kindness C．generosity D．faith 5．A．mail B．answer C．present D．complete 6．A．changes B．matters C．exists D．appears 7．A．sudden B．meaningful C．slight D．rapid 8．A．addressed B．informed C．interviewed D．comforted 9．A．save B．plan C．serve D．attend 10．A．leave B．charge C．compare D．replace 11．A．invaluable B．insignificant C．inaccessible D．illegal 12．A．shock B．issue C．impact D．relief 13．A．make out B．talk about C．track down D．pass on 14．A．gift B．hug C．wave D．question 15．A．burden B．reason C．challenge D．competition 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年重庆市主城区七校联考2高一下学期期末考试） In a surprising cultural crossover, American youths are now exploring Xiaohongshu (RedNote) to document their foraging adventure — 1 unusual trend inspired by China’s “digging wild vegetables” movement. Different from many other social media 2 (phenomenon), what started as a small-scale one has become a worldwide exploration of urban food landscapes. Unlike traditional practices, modern foraging has become a lifestyle choice 3 (drive) by curiosity, sustainability, and digital connection. On Xiaohongshu the posts related to wild food harvesting have gained over 200 million views, 4 changes an old practice into a trendy social activity. The platform has become an unexpected bridge between Chinese and American urban explorers. 5 the original ideas differ — Chinese users often seek local cooking experiences while Americans explore ecological connections, the shared love for wild foods has resulted 6 a unique digital ecosystem. Both communities stress important principles that include: absolute plant identification; sustainable harvesting techniques; avoiding polluted urban areas; and respecting local ecosystems. Cross-cultural exchanges 7 (speed) up with Xiaohongshu’s growth in the past months. 8 (break) traditional limitations, users are building an international knowledge network rather than just sharing recipes. What started as a social media trend represents a 9 (broad) movement: young generations reclaiming traditional knowledge, challenging industrial food systems, and creating 10 (globe) connections through shared experiences. Passage 2 Yuan Longping, 1 (know) as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. He was born in 1930 in Beijing. He realized that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a 2 (short) of food to eat, so he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agriculture College. After graduation, Yuan devoted his life to 3 (find) ways to produce more rice. Through intense effort, he overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice 4 could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid rice enabled farmers 5 (expand) their output greatly. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China consists of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. Till now, not only China but many other countries 6 (help) by Yuan’s innovation. Though Yuan’s hybrids made him quite 7 (wealth), he cared little about money. Instead, he donated much money to support agriculture research. He didn’t lead 8 life of leisure. 9 his later years, Yuan Longping still remained young at heart and full of vision. His legacy (遗产) continues to inspire, 10 the world will always remember his groundbreaking contributions. ( 综合拓展练 （测试时间： 10 分钟） ) Passage 1 （2025新高考I 卷） The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions(排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy - related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel. This energy transition(变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is "a little bit mind - blowing," says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used," says Wipke. 1.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 2. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A. Planes B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships. 3. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. Passage 2 The African Children’s Choir (合唱团) is made up of children who are 7 to 10 years old from Africa. They have incredible voices and spirit that amaze the audience everywhere they go! And they go to a lot of places, all around the world. And not only do they travel a lot, but they perform with some superstar singers and celebrities for heads of state. But this is not what makes the choir so special. Like New York’s PS22, they do not just sing, but truly put their hearts, souls and bodies into their words. But what is unique about the choir is that it offers hope, education and confidence to children who live in extreme poverty. For example, the kids in the choir are mostly from the poorest countries in the world. Many children live in one-room homes and walk more than 2 miles to get water for their family. Most of the children have lost one or both of their parents because of wars or diseases. Through its music and education, the African Children’s Choir changes the lives of its children. It allows them to see the world. It gives them hope and confidence. It shows them that everything is possible. The choir even pays for their education through college. In 30 years, it has educated and changed the lives of over 50, 000 children. And, in turn, the children return to their hometowns with new thoughts and new skills to help improve their family and community. These children are truly helping to build a better Africa. 1．What is special about the choir? A．Its positive influence on poor children. B．Performing together with famous people. C．Its members truly putting their hearts into words. D．Its members focusing on singing beautiful songs. 2．What can we learn about the members of the African Children’s Choir? A．They have no parent. B．They are all ten years old. C．Many of them live a hard life. D．Some of them come from PS22. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The African Children’s Choir makes a lot of money. B．The African Children’s Choir has become very popular. C．The African Children’s Choir is very helpful to its members. D．The African Children’s Choir helps 50,000 children go to college. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell an inspiring story. B．To advertise some choirs. C．To introduce a special choir. D．To encourage us to help African children. ( 18 / 18 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 必修三Units 3~4（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点：复习与网络，著名人物科学家等主题相关的重点词汇、短语的能力，更好地运用这些语言知识。 复习难点: 在阅读过程中归纳段落大意、分析长难句、猜测词义等; 总结归纳所选语篇的大意、写作目的、作者的情感态度。 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重 surround, favor, apply, permit, charge在具体语境中的选择，以及refer to, take, bring 的搭配。 句型转换/翻译：常涉及状语从句，定语从句和非谓语动词之间的句型转换。 知识点1 take off突然大受欢迎,迅速流行;开始成功;(飞机)起飞;脱去(衣服等);(突然且出人意料地)离开;休假 take away　 拿走;夺走 take in 吸收;理解;欺骗;收留 take on 具有,呈现;担任,承担;雇用 take over 接管;接任;控制 take up 拿起;占据;开始从事 The large table takes up too much space of the room. 这张大桌子占了房间太大的地方。 The city has taken on a new look over the past few years. 在过去的几年里，这座城市呈现出了新的面貌。 The son took over the company after his father passed away. 父亲去世后，儿子接管了公司。 写出下列句中take off的含义 1．She took off her coat and hung it on the hook before entering the office. ______________ 2．We waited anxiously at the airport as the plane didn’t take off on time. ______________ 3．He decided to take some time off after finishing the tough project. ______________ 【答案】1．脱掉 2．起飞 3．休假 【详解】1．句意：她脱下外套，将其挂在衣架上，然后走进了办公室。此处take off后接衣物类名词，结合语境表示脱去衣物。 2．句意：我们在机场焦急地等待着，因为飞机没有按时起飞。主语为plane，结合机场场景，take off表示飞机升空，起飞。 3．句意：在完成这个艰巨的项目后，他决定休息一段时间。take time off为固定搭配，结合句意表示暂停工作休息，也就是休假。 知识点2 access n.机会,权利;入径,通道 vt.到达,进入;使用 (1)access to...接近……的机会;进入……的权利 have/get/gain/obtain access to... 可以接近/会见/进入…… (2)accessible adj. 可进入的;可使用的 be accessible to 可进入……;可使用……;易接近……;可见到…… The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, and it's accessible through a computer. Free Internet access at home is a huge step in making online education. 互联网是世界上最大的信息来源，而且可以通过电脑访问。在家免费上网是在线教育的一大进步。 Students must have/get/gain access to good resources.学生必须有机会使用好的资源。 There is no access to the house from the main road.从大路走没有进入这所房子的入口。 access前通常不加冠词；access和accessible后的to都是介词。 例1： Theater classes should be accessible to all children in junior high school.(同义转换) →All children in junior high school should ________ ________ ________ theater classes. 【答案】 have access to 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：所有的初中学生都应该上戏剧课。be accessible to=have access to，should后接动词原形，故填have access to。 知识点3 bring up使显示在计算机屏幕上,调出;养育;抚养;教育;提出;呕吐 bring about　　 引起;导致(事故、变化等) bring back 使某物恢复;使回忆起某事 bring down 使……降低;使……倒下 bring in 引入;赚得;挣得 bring out 使显现出;公布;出版 bring birth 努力产生好结果、结出好果实 The economic reform brought about great change in the lives of the common people. 经济改革给老百姓的生活带来了巨大的变化。 Generally speaking, increasing supply or decreasing demand can bring down prices. 一般来说，增加供给或减少需求可以降低价格。 I have three part-time jobs, which bring in about ￡14,000 a year. 我有三份兼职工作，每年收入约1.4万英镑。 例1．The government has taken measures to bring the rising housing prices. ​ 【答案】down 【详解】句意：政府已经采取措施来降低不断上涨的房价。bring down为固定短语，意为“降低，使下降”。 例2．Besides, the results of the examinations always bring the worry and anxiety of the students. 【答案】about 【详解】考查介词。句意：此外，考试结果总是会引起学生的担忧和焦虑。结合句意可知，此处为固定短语bring about“导致，引起”。故填about。 例3．These efforts will surely bring good fruit. 【答案】forth 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：这些努力必将结出丰硕的果实。“bring forth”是固定短语，意为“产生；结出（果实）”，符合语境中“努力产生好结果、结出好果实” 的含义。故填forth。 例4．This picture often brings many happy memories of my high school days to me. 【答案】back 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这张照片常常让我回想起高中时代的许多美好回忆。“bring back”是固定短语，意为“使回忆起、带回”，符合语境。故填back。 例5．Our school invited an expert to bring the latest research findings in biology. 【答案】in 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我们学校邀请了一位专家带来生物学方面的最新研究成果。根据句意可知，句子表达“带来”的含义，需要用bring in来表达，意为“引入”或“带来”（新知识、新观点等），符合语境。故填in。 例6．It was very difficult for her to bring five children all by herself during the war. 【答案】up 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在战争期间，她一个人抚养五个孩子是很困难的。由five children可知，此处表示“她一个人抚养五个孩子”，bring up是固定短语，意为“抚养”，因此空格处用up。故填up。 知识点4 aware adj.知道,意识到;察觉到,发觉;有……意识的 (1)be aware that ...　　　　　　 知道，体会到…… be/become aware of 知道/意识到 make sb. aware of/that ... 使某人意识到 (2)awareness n. 认识，意识 raise awareness about/of 提高对……的认识 Someone made him aware of the effects of his actions. If so, he could gradually raise public moral awareness. 有人让他意识到自己行为的后果。如果是这样，他可以逐渐提高公众的道德意识。 I did not become aware of the danger until he warned me.直到他警告我，我才意识到危险。 James was not aware that his own weakness was his greatest enemy.詹姆斯没有意识到他自己的弱点是他最大的敌人。 例1．The government calls on everyone to enhance environmental protection (aware). 【答案】awareness 【详解】句意：政府呼吁人们提高环境保护意识。空处应填入名词，与protection构成名词短语，作enhance的宾语，aware的名词形式为awareness，意为“意识”。 例2．The children should be made aware the danger of taking drugs. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：应该让孩子们意识到吸毒的危险。be aware of...为固定搭配，意为“意识到……”。故填of。 知识点5 request vt.请求;要求 n. 要求,请求;要求的事 (1)make requests/a request for　 请求;要求…… at sb.’s request=at the request of sb. 应某人的要求 (2)request sb.to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 request that sb.(should) do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 It is requested that...(should) do sth. 要求/请求…… She requested him to remove the heavy box in her room.  她请求他把她房间里的那个重箱子移走。 I am writing to request you to help me find a Chinese teacher./I am writing to request that you (should) help me find a Chinese teacher. 我给你写信请求你帮我找一位汉语老师。 【易错提示】request用法提醒 request后跟宾语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”的形式表示虚拟,其中should可以省略。 The school requests that students should not bring cell phones to classrooms. →The school ______________________________ cell phones to classrooms. (简单句) →The school ______________________________ bring cell phones to classrooms. (同位语从句) →______________________________ students should not bring cell phones to classrooms in school. (主语从句) 【答案】 requests students not to bring makes a request that students should not It is requested that 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：学校要求学生不要把手机带到教室。原句用的是request that+宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，“要求某人不做某事”可以用固定搭配request sb. not to do sth.，也可以把request当成名词，写成同位语从句，即make a request that+同位语从句，同位语从句也需要用虚拟语气，that不做任何成分，也可以写成主语从句，即it is requested that...，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，that引导的主语从句也需要用虚拟语气，故填①requests students not to bring；②makes a request that students should not；③It is requested that。 知识点6 addict n.对……入迷的人;瘾君子 (1)addicted 　　adj.入了迷的;上了瘾的;成瘾的 be/become/get addicted to (doing) sth. 沉迷/热爱/迷上(做)某事 (2)addictive adj.(药物等)使人上瘾的 (3)addiction n.上瘾;入迷;嗜好 addiction to... 对……上瘾 Addicted to playing the violin, he didn’t notice a thief walk into his house. 他沉迷于拉小提琴,没有注意到有个小偷走进了他的房子。 Due to his addiction to surfing the Internet, he has lost interest in study. 因为沉迷于上网,他已经失去了学习的兴趣。 addicted, addiction常与介词to连用,后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 addicted常修饰人;addictive意为“使人上瘾的”,常修饰物。 下列短语中,to是介词,后跟名词或动名词: be/become accustomed/used to习惯于/ be related/relevant to与……有关/ be opposed to 反对/ be exposed /to/expose...to 暴露于;接触/be devoted to/devote...to　献身于,致力于/adapt/adjust to 适应/contribute to 促进,有助于;为……做贡献/get down to 着手/开始做/lead to 导致;通往/look forward to 盼望,期盼/object to反对/refer to 谈到;查阅;参考;指的是/stick to 坚持 例1．His (addict) to playing cards has affected his work. 【答案】addiction 【详解】考查名词。句意：他沉迷打牌已经影响了工作。在句中作主语，填addict的名词形式addiction“瘾，入迷”，addiction to ...表示“对……的沉迷/上瘾”符合语境。故填addiction。 例2．They are (addict) to computer games, which will have a bad effect on their studies.   【答案】addicted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们沉迷于电脑游戏，这会对他们的学习产生不良影响。分析句子结构可知，这里考查be addicted to，意为“沉迷于……”，为固定短语，此处应用形容词 addicted，表“上瘾的”，在句中作表语，符合语境。故填addicted。 例3．Those students who are addicted to (play) games all day long always have difficulty in getting on with others. 【答案】playing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那些整天沉迷于电子游戏的学生总是难以与他人友好相处。短语be addicted to doing sth.表示“沉迷于做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填playing。 例4．As far as I’m concerned, it’s not wise for us to be addicted to (play) with smart phones because we may ignore other things in life. 【答案】playing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：就我而言，我们沉迷于玩手机是不明智的，因为我们可能会忽视生活中的其他事情。be addicted to是固定短语，其中to是介词，后接动词时要用动名词形式，所以填playing，在句中作介词to的宾语。故填playing。 知识点7 appreciate vt.欣赏,赏识;感谢 (1)appreciate doing...　欣赏/感激做…… I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激。 (2)appreciation n.欣赏;感激;理解 in appreciation of 欣赏;感激 (3)appreciative adj.感激的;欣赏的 I really appreciate working with someone who does such a good job.  我真的很乐意和工作做得这么好的人一起工作。 I would appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity.  如果您能给我这个机会,我将不胜感激。 Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you’ve done for us.  请接受这份礼物,感谢你为我们所做的一切。 appreciate后不能用不定式,而要用动名词作宾语。作“感激;感谢”讲时,其宾语不能是人,只能是事或物。 appreciate之后不能直接跟if引导的从句,要先接it再跟if从句。like, hate, dislike, love, depend/rely on等动词(词组)之后接if/when从句有类似用法。 例1．I would like to convey my heartfelt (appreciate) to you for your kind assistance in my English learning. 【答案】appreciation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我想衷心感谢你在我英语学习中给予的热心帮助。此处为名词作宾语，appreciate的名词为appreciation意为“感激，感谢”符合句意，且为不可数名词。 故填appreciation。 例2．I would appreciate if you could accept my invitation. 【答案】it 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：如果你能接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处考查固定句型I would appreciate it if...，意为“如果……我将不胜感激”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的if从句。故填it。 知识点8 cut back on 削减;减少 cut away 切去 cut off 切断;隔绝 cut down 削减;砍伐 cut out 删去;剪出 cut in 插嘴,打断 cut up 切碎 The government has cut back on defense spending. 政府已削减了国防开支。 The gardener cut away the dead branches of the trees. 园艺师把树上的枯枝砍掉了。 We were lost in discussing the topic when Steve cut in.我们正聚精会神地讨论这个话题,这时史蒂夫插嘴了。 例1．丈夫失业几个月了,因此夫妻俩不得不削减开支。 The husband had been out of work for months and as a result, ________________________. 【答案】the couple had to cut back on their spending 【详解】考查一般过去时。该句是并列句，由并列连词and连接；and后面是一般过去时，“削减开支”翻译为cut back on ；“夫妻俩不得不削减开支”翻译为the couple had to cut back on their spending。故答案为the couple had to cut back on their spending。 例2．我们将不得不削减我们的花费。 We shall have to ________. 【答案】cut back on our expenses 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据句意及提示短语可知，“削减”译为cut back on，照应空前的“have to”，应为动词原形；“我们的花费”译为our expenses，expense作“花费，开销”时，常用复数。故填cut back on our expenses。 知识点9 intend vi.&vt.想要;计划;意指 (1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算去做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人去做某事 sb. intend(s) that =It is intended that 打算 (2)intended adj.预期的,有意的 be intended for... 为……准备 (3)intention n.意图 with the intention of... 怀着……的意图 China intends to send/sending astronauts to the moon by the year of about 2030. 中国计划在2030年左右将宇航员送上月球。 He wrote the letter with the intention of asking for some advice.  他写了这封信,想征求一些意见。 I had intended to watch the football match last night, but I had an important thing to do. 昨晚我本来打算看足球比赛的,但我有一件重要的事情要做。 intend的过去完成时可以表示过去本来打算做某事,但实际上未做,是一种虚拟语气的用法。有这种用法的动词还有:hope, wish, expect等。 例1．他们本来打算帮忙，但是没有及时到达那里。（intend） They _______________________________ but couldn’t get there in time. 【答案】had intended to help 【详解】考查动词时态。根据原文句意及提示词可知，表示“打算帮忙”可用短语intend to help。根据后半句动词时态可知，“couldn’t get there in time”表示过去没有及时到达那里，但“打算帮忙”是在“到达之前”发生的，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时had done结构。故填had intended to help。 例2．The book is intended for little children. It is popular with us. (同义句转换) →The book ________________ is popular with us. （用定语从句） →The book ________________ is popular with us. （用非谓语动词） 【答案】 which/that is intended for little children intended for little children 【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：这本书是专门为孩子写的，非常受我们的欢迎。1.分析句子可知，主语是the book，系动词是is，表语是popular，主语the book在定语从句中作主语，因此使用which或that引导定语从句，从句中动词是is intended for。2.分析句子可知，主语是the book，系动词是is，表语是popular，因此横线处可使用非谓语动词形式作后置定语，且逻辑主语the book与intend之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填①which/that is intended for little children②intended for little children。 知识点10 refer to 查阅,参考;提到,谈及,提交;指的是 (1)refer...to...　 把……提交给…… refer to...as... 把……称为…… (2)reference n.提及;涉及;参考;参考书 for reference 以备查阅;以供参考 Please complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.  请在不查阅字典的情况下完成这个练习。 Now that the boy has been punished,please don’t refer to that matter again.  既然那个男孩已经被惩罚了,请不要再提那件事了。 例1．说出下列句子refer to 的意思 1．Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. ________ 2．We often referred to the dictionary for new words in reading. ________ 3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to? ________ 【答案】1．参考 2．查阅 3．指的是 【解析】1．考查动词短语。句意：当你为考试而学习时，你的笔记是很好的参考材料。根据“Your notes are excellent materials”以及“when you are studying for a test”可知，此处指笔记是可供参考的材料，refer to意为“参考”。故答案为“参考”。 2．考查动词短语。句意：我们在阅读时经常查阅字典来查找新单词。根据“for new words in reading”可知，此处指查阅字典，refer to意为“查阅”。故答案为“查阅”。 3．考查动词短语。句意：第3段中划线的“conversation”一词指的是什么？根据“What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3”可知，此处是问“conversation”这个词指的是什么，refer to意为“指的是”。故答案为“指的是”。 知识点11 surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关 (1)surround sb./sth. with /by... 使某人/某物被……包围 be surrounded by/with 被……包围/环绕 (2)surrounding 　　　　n.周围的事物;环境(通常用复数形式)adj.周围的 (3)surroundings n. 环境 The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings． The museum is located in a park which is surrounded by/ with many impressive buildings.博物馆位于一个被大量令人印象深刻的建筑包围的公园内。 Surrounded with a sea of challenges and difficulties, he never gives up. 身处重重挑战与困难之中，他却从未放弃。 例1．Adjusting to new (surround) can be a challenging experience for some people. 【答案】surroundings 【详解】句意：适应新的环境对一些人来说可能是一段具有挑战性的经历。空处需填名词作宾语，surround为动词，意为“包围、环绕”，其名词形式为surroundings表示“环境、周围的事物”，通常以复数形式出现。 例2．With the mountain peak (surround) by thick mist, we enjoyed a peaceful and mysterious view of nature. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】句意：山峰被浓雾环绕，我们欣赏到了大自然宁静而神秘的景色。此处为with的复合结构“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”，宾语the mountain peak与动词surround之间为被动关系，需用过去分词surrounded作宾语补足语，表示“被……环绕”。 例3．We walked through the ancient city, with tall stone walls (surround) us on both sides. 【答案】surrounding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们走过这座古城，两边高高的石墙环绕着我们。surround(环绕)是with的复合结构中宾语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语tall stone walls之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填surrounding。 知识点12 favour vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒 (1)ask a favor of sb. 请某人帮忙/照顾 do a favor for sb.=do sb.a favour给某人恩惠,帮某人忙 in one’s favor 对某人有利 in favor of 支持,赞同 (2)favorite adj.最喜爱的 (3)favorable adj.有利的;良好的;赞成的 What he said just now indicated that he was in favor of the plan. 他刚才说的话表明,他赞成这个计划。 The race will not be so easy, but anything can happen, so I hope we can have some things in our favor.  比赛不会很容易, 但是任何事情都有可能发生,所以我希望有些事情会对我们有利。 Two little boys wanted to ask a favor of their mother.  两个小男孩想让他们的妈妈帮忙。 I am doing a chemistry experiment. Would you do me a favor/do a favor for me to pass me that test tube?  我正在做一个化学实验。请帮忙把那个试管递给我好吗? 例1．Opportunities and success tend to be in favor those who are ready. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：机会和成功往往青睐那些有准备的人。固定短语in favor of，意为“支持，赞成”，所以空处应用介词of。故填of。 知识点13 charge vt. & vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管 (1)in charge (of) 　　 主管;负责;照顾 in the charge of=in one’s charge 由某人负责,由某人管理 take charge of 掌管;负责,看管 free of charge=for free 免费 (2)charge sb.with (doing) sth.因(做)某事控告某人 charge sb.(money) for sth. 向某人索取……的费用 Officials in charge of the camps say the system is now running extremely smoothly.  负责营房的官员说这一体制目前运作得相当顺利。 Challenge yourself and take charge of your own growth in your career.  挑战自己,为自己的职业发展负责。 Visitors can use the hotel facilities free of charge/for free. 游客可以免费使用旅馆的设施。 表示“控告某人(做)某事”还可以用accuse sb.of (doing) sth.结构。注意介词搭配的不同。 例1．写出句中charge的含义 1.My phone battery is low; I need to charge it. 2.The store charges 20 dollars for this T-shirt. 3.She will take charge of the department while the manager is away. 4.The cavalry prepared to charge the enemy lines. 【答案】1．给……充电 2．要价 3．负责 4．冲锋 【详解】1．考查单词释义。句意：我的手机电量低了，需要充电。根据“My phone battery is low”可知，此处指给电池充电，故译为“给……充电”。 2．考查单词释义。句意：这家商店这件T恤要价20美元。根据“20 dollars”可知，此处指要价，故译为“要价”。 3．考查单词释义。句意：经理不在时，她将负责这个部门。根据“the department”可知，此处指负责这个部门。take charge of意为“负责，掌管”，为固定搭配，所以charge译为“负责”。 4．考查单词释义。句意：骑兵准备向敌军防线冲锋。根据“the enemy lines”可知，此处指向敌军防线冲锋，故译为“冲锋”。 知识点14 apply vt.&vi.应用;申请;涂;有关 (1)apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某事 apply sth.to 把……应用于…… apply to sb./sth. 适用于/运用于…… apply oneself to (doing) sth.集中精力于/专注于(做)某事 (2)application n.请求;申请;申请表;应用 (3) applicant n.申请人 It’s well known that theory should be applied to practice. 众所周知,理论应该应用于实践。 They say the convention does not apply to them. 他们说这条惯例对他们不适用。 I am writing to apply for the voluntary work. 我写信申请志愿者的工作。 Scymanski has applied himself to this task with considerable energy. 赛曼斯基已经花了相当多的精力致力于这项任务。 apply oneself to, apply to, apply sth.to 等短语中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式。 例1：This new teaching (apply) makes abstract grammar rules easier to understand. 【答案】application 【详解】句意：新的教学应用让抽象的语法规则很容易就能懂。此处在句中作主语，故应用名词application“应用”，且谓语动词为第三人称单数形式makes，故此处应用名词的单数形式。 例2：The university received over 200 (apply) for the exchange program. 【答案】applications 【详解】考查名词。句意：这所大学收到了200多份交换生项目的申请。由空前基数词200可知，后面需要用名词复数，apply为动词，其名词为application（申请），复数形式为applications。故填applications。 知识点14 permit vt.&vi. 允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n.许可证 (1)permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事 if time permits 如果时间允许 (2)permission n.[U]允许,许可,批准 have permission to do sth. 获得许可做某事 with one’s permission/with the permission of sb. 在某人的许可/准许下 without permission 未经许可 The government does not permit scenic spots to charge tourists arbitrarily.  政府不允许景点向游客乱收费。 If weather permits/Weather permitting, try to go out for a walk after supper.  如果天气允许,晚饭后尽量出去散步。 They cannot leave the country without permission.  没有许可他们不得离开这个国家。 例1：Weather (permit), we will go out for an outing tomorrow. 【答案】permitting 【详解】句意：天气允许的话，我们明天就出去郊游。句中已有谓语动词will go，空处应用非谓语动词和weather构成独立主格结构，weather与permit为主动关系，因此用现在分词。 例2．It’s strange that he should have taken the books without the owner’s (permit). 【答案】permission 【详解】句意：真奇怪，他竟然未经主人允许就拿走了那些书。空处作without的宾语，被the owner’s修饰，permit的名词形式permission符合题意，意为“允许，准许”，是不可数名词。 例3．The government has deliberately prevented its foreign staff from gaining work (permit). 【答案】permits 【详解】句意：政府故意阻止其外籍员工获得工作许可证。本空作动词gain的宾语，用名词permit“许可证”的复数形式permits，表示不止一个工作许可证。 例4．I was the first man (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas. 【答案】permitted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我是第一个被允许拍摄照顾熊猫的特殊小组的人。此句已有谓语动词was，空处需填非谓语形式，permit与man是被动关系，此处为过去分词短语作后置定语。故填permitted。 ( 基础通关练 （测试时间： 10 分钟） ) 单句语法填空 1.（2024-2025学年重庆西南大学附属中学校高一下学期期末）The (major) of employees support flexible working hours, according to the survey. 【答案】majority 【详解】考查名词。句意：根据调查，大多数员工支持弹性工作制。本空在句子中作主语，表示“大多数”，用名词majority，the majority of...表示“……中的大多数”。故填majority。 2．The exact date for the conference (arrange) will be set next week. 【答案】arrangements 【详解】考查名词。句意：会议安排的确切日期将于下周确定。空格处用名词作宾语，arrange的名词形式arrangement“安排”符合题意，常用复数，故填arrangements。 3．The only access the farm house is across the fields. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：通往农舍的唯一通道是穿过田野。名词access与介词to的固定搭配 access to 意为“去……的通路，通向……的入口”,符合句意。故填to。 4．The movie is so (scare) that I dare not watch it alone at night. 【答案】scary 【详解】句意：这部电影太恐怖了，以至于我晚上不敢独自观看。作表语，主语为movie，用形容词scary。 5．The laboratory has a set of specialized (contain) for storing dangerous chemicals safely. 【答案】containers 【详解】句意：这个实验室有一套专门用来安全存放危险化学品的容器。空处作宾语，需填名词container，a set of修饰可数名词复数形式，空处需填containers。 6．We should always learn from the profound (wise) of the older generation. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】句意：我们应该总是从老一辈的深刻智慧中学习。提示词作宾语，且有形容词profound修饰，应用名词wisdom，意为“智慧”，不可数名词。 7．Regular exercise is highly (benefit) to our physical and mental health, helping us stay fit and reducing stress effectively. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】句意：经常锻炼对我们的身心健康非常有益，有助于我们保持健康并有效减轻压力。空处作表语，需填形容词beneficial。 8．We should analyze social problems from an objective and (science) point of view. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意：我们应以客观、科学的视角分析社会问题。修饰名词point用形容词scientific，作定语。 9．In fact, sometimes authors (involve) in the film adaptation process and may even be the screenwriter. 【答案】are involved 【详解】句意：事实上，有时作者会参与电影改编的过程，甚至可能会担任编剧。be involved in“参与”是固定搭配，根据sometimes可知，此处描述一般情况，应用一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。 10．Weather (permit), we’ll hold the sports meeting as scheduled. 【答案】permitting 【详解】句意：如果天气允许，我们将按计划举行运动会。句中已有谓语will hold，空处作非谓语动词，weather与permit之间是主动关系，应用现在分词permitting，与weather构成独立主格结构。 11．Although he grew up in a small village with limited access to books, his natural curiosity and constant reading turned him into an (intellect) person. 【答案】intellectual 【详解】句意：尽管他在一个书籍匮乏的小村庄长大，但天生的好奇心和坚持阅读让他成为了一位聪慧的人。空处修饰名词person，需使用形容词作定语，intellect对应的形容词为intellectual，含义为“聪慧的，有学识的”。 12．When (apply) for the scholarship, you need to submit a completed form, a personal statement, and proof of academic achievement by the deadline. 【答案】applying 【详解】句意：申请奖学金时，你需在截止日期前提交完整表格、个人陈述以及学业证明。此处为when引导的时间状语从句省略结构，从句主语和主句主语一致，谓语动词中含有be动词时，可以省略“主语+be动词”，apply与主语you为主动关系，使用现在分词形式applying。 13．Active in life, she credits her energy her lifelong practice of Tai Chi. 【答案】to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她生活积极，把自己的精力归功于终身练习太极。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语credit sth. to sth. 表示“把……归功于……”，满足句意要求。故填to。 14. Unluckily, we still have no idea how important it is to raise the (aware) of environmental protection. 【答案】awareness 【详解】考查名词。句意：不幸的是，我们仍然不知道提高环境保护意识是多么重要。空处作动词raise的宾语，表示“意识”用名词awareness，为不可数名词。故填awareness。 15．I’d appreciate if you could put yourself in my shoes and tell me how I can, deal with it. 【答案】it 【详解】考查it用法。句意：要是你能设身处地为我着想，并且告诉我该如何处理这件事的话，我将不胜感激。分析句子可知，appreciate表示“感激；感谢” 时，通常不直接跟宾语从句，而是用 “appreciate it + if /when 从句”这种结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的“if /when” 引导的从句。故填it。 二、完成句子 1. The leader said to him, “Please write your report as soon as possible.” (改为间接引语) →The leader requested him___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ as soon as possible. 【答案】 to write his report 【详解】考查不定式。句意：领导对他说:“请尽快写报告。”直接引语改为间接引语，祈使句中的动词变为不定式，please去掉，并将say改为request，tell，order等表示命令的动词，由上文的him，直接引语中的物主代词your改为his，故填①to② write ③his④ report。 2．努力减少生产产量并降低我们制作和购买的东西的数量是我们的义务。 ________ production and reduce the number of things________. 【答案】 It is our duty to try to cut back on we make and buy. 【详解】考查固定短语、固定句型和定语从句。表示“……是我们的义务”用固定句型It is our duty to do sth.；表示“努力做某事”应用try to do sth.，此处使用动词不定式作真正的主语；表示“减少”用动词短语cut back on；表示“我们作和购买的”使用定语从句，此处引导词that作宾语，可以省略；表示“我们”应用we作主语；表示“制作和购买”应用make and buy，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语是we，谓语动词使用原形。故填①It is our duty to try to cut back on②we make and buy。 3. He is in charge of the newspaper’s advertisement section. (同义句转换) →The newspaper’s advertisement section ________. →The newspaper’s advertisement section ________. 【答案】 is in the charge of him is in his charge 【详解】考查时态和介词短语。句意：他负责报纸的广告部。原句中he做主语，用be in charge of sth。此处考查sth为主语，后接be in one's charge，或者be in the charge of sb，意为“由……负责；由……掌管”；原句为一般现在时态，设空所在的句子主语The newspaper’s advertisement section为单数，故be用is。故填①is in the charge of him；②is in his charge。 ( 重难突破练 （测试时间： 20 分钟） ) 一、阅读理解 湖南怀化市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题 Huang Xuhua, the “father of China’s nuclear submarines (潜艇)”, passed away at the age of 99 due to illness. Born in Guangdong Province in 1926, Huang’s life was like a submarine in the deep sea — silent, but with endless power. In 1958, due to his outstanding political qualities and excellent professional skills, he was secretly called to Beijing. From then, he worked in secrecy for 30years, devoting himself to China’s nuclear submarine program. Together with the first-generation nuclear submarine research team, he focused on research, overcoming difficulties, and pushing forward consistently. Huang’s life was one of outstanding achievements and greatness. From 2017 to 2020, he was awarded national-level honors three times by President Xi Jinping. In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of the Republic and in 2020, he received the highest science and technology award of the nation for 2019. Huang also cared deeply about the long-term development of national science and technology, nuclear submarine work, and the healthy growth of future generations. He donated over 20 million yuan to this field. The development of China’s nuclear submarine technology was a hard journey full of challenges. Huang and his colleagues, through strong determination and tireless efforts, succeeded in building the nation’s first nuclear submarine. Without the development of the submarines, China’s position as a major global power and a strong nation would not have been firmly built in the way it is today, Song Zhongping, a Chinese military expert, told the Global Times. What Huang and the pioneering generation of scientists have left to us is a determined spirit. It is this spirit that will drive us to achieve technological breakthroughs and overcome difficulties in the face of frightening challenges, said Song. 1．Why was Huang’s life like a submarine in the deep sea silently? A．Because his job required secrecy. B．Because submarines were silent. C．Because he was a deaf man. D．Because no one knew his life. 2．According to paragraph 3, which of the following best describes Huang? A．Brave and kind. B．Fruitful and generous. C．Outstanding and patient. D．Creative and responsible. 3．Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A．Song was one of Huang’s colleagues in building submarines. B．The development of the submarines was important for the nation. C．The development of the nation’s nuclear submarines was smooth. D．Huang and his team created the only nuclear submarine in China. 4．What is the main idea of this text? A．The competition between foreign countries and China in science. B．The great importance of advanced technology in national defense. C．The personal life story of Huang, including his hobbies and interests. D．Huang’s contributions to the development of China’s nuclear submarine. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华99岁病逝，他隐姓埋名30年投身核潜艇事业，获多项国家级荣誉，其精神激励后人攻克技术难关。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“From then, he worked in secrecy for 30years, devoting himself to China’s nuclear submarine program.(从那以后，他秘密工作了30年，全身心投入到中国的核潜艇项目中)”可知，黄的生活像深海中的潜艇那样悄然无声是因为他的工作需要保密。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Huang’s life was one of outstanding achievements and greatness. From 2017 to 2020, he was awarded national-level honors three times by President Xi Jinping. In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of the Republic and in 2020, he received the highest science and technology award of the nation for 2019. Huang also cared deeply about the long-term development of national science and technology, nuclear submarine work, and the healthy growth of future generations. He donated over 20 million yuan to this field.(黄先生的一生充满了非凡的成就与伟大的事迹。2019年，他荣获共和国勋章；2020年，他又因2019年的杰出贡献而获得了国家最高科学技术奖。黄先生还非常关注国家科技的长远发展、核潜艇工作以及下一代的健康成长。他向该领域捐赠了超过2000万元)”可知，黄先生有成果且慷慨大方。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Without the development of the submarines, China’s position as a major global power and a strong nation would not have been firmly built in the way it is today, Song Zhongping, a Chinese military expert, told the Global Times.(如果没有核潜艇的研发，中国作为全球重要大国和强大国家的地位就不会像如今这般稳固，中国军事专家宋忠平对《环球时报》说道)”可知，潜艇的研发对国家而言非常重要。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“What Huang and the pioneering generation of scientists have left to us is a determined spirit. It is this spirit that will drive us to achieve technological breakthroughs and overcome difficulties in the face of frightening challenges, said Song.(宋教授表示：“黄老师以及那批开创性的科学家们留给我们的，是一种坚定的精神。正是这种精神将激励我们实现技术突破，并在面对严峻挑战时克服重重困难。”)”以及文章主要说明了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华99岁病逝，他隐姓埋名30年投身核潜艇事业，获多项国家级荣誉，其精神激励后人攻克技术难关。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是黄旭华对中国核潜艇发展的贡献。故选D。 二、完形填空 （2024-2025学年福建省厦门市高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题） Graduation ceremonies are often filled with proud families, smiling seniors and words of encouragement. But at Mansfield ISD’s Summit High School, the Class of 2025 received something 1 — a personal letter from their headmaster. Headmaster Jason Mutterer went above and beyond by personally writing 443 2 letters with specific thanks. Along with each note, he 3 a single dollar bill, symbolizing the power of even the smallest acts of 4 . The letters took him more than 24 hours to 5 , but to Mutterer, it was time well spent. His goal: to show his students that individual kindness 6 , and that together, 443 random (随机的) acts of kindness can start a ripple effect (涟漪效应) and create 7 change in the world. Mutterer 8 his seniors during the school’s graduation ceremony, calling it an absolute honor to 9 this excellent class. Mutterer wanted to 10 them with something. “Inside that letter, there’s a single dollar bill,” Mutterer said. “It might seem 11 , but if 443 kids are doing random acts of kindness every day, it has a huge 12 .” “He made every one of us feel seen and loved,” said one student after the graduation ceremony. “Hopefully we get to 13 the kindness one day and make other people feel important and appreciated.” Mutterer’s parting 14 to his students was more than a goodbye. It was a 15 : to go out into the world and pay it forward. 1．A．strange B．expensive C．extra D．average 2．A．fancy B．typical C．welcoming D．heartfelt 3．A．included B．exchanged C．required D．found 4．A．courage B．kindness C．generosity D．faith 5．A．mail B．answer C．present D．complete 6．A．changes B．matters C．exists D．appears 7．A．sudden B．meaningful C．slight D．rapid 8．A．addressed B．informed C．interviewed D．comforted 9．A．save B．plan C．serve D．attend 10．A．leave B．charge C．compare D．replace 11．A．invaluable B．insignificant C．inaccessible D．illegal 12．A．shock B．issue C．impact D．relief 13．A．make out B．talk about C．track down D．pass on 14．A．gift B．hug C．wave D．question 15．A．burden B．reason C．challenge D．competition 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mansfield ISD的Summit高中校长Jason Mutterer在毕业典礼上给每位毕业生写了一封充满心意的信，并附上一张一美元纸币，以此鼓励学生们传递善意，创造有意义的影响。 【详解】 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在Mansfield ISD的Summit高中，2025届的毕业生收到了一些额外的礼物——校长给他们的亲笔信。A. strange奇怪的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. extra额外的，附加的；D. average平均的。根据前文“Graduation ceremonies are often filled with proud families, smiling seniors and words of encouragement.”和后文“a personal letter from their headmaster”可知，Summit高中2025届毕业生的毕业典礼上除了有常规的东西外，还收到了校长给他们的亲笔信，这是一份额外的礼物。故选C项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：校长Jason Mutterer不遗余力，亲自写了443封真挚的感谢信，每一封都表达了具体谢意。A. fancy花哨的；B. typical典型的；C. welcoming欢迎的；D. heartfelt衷心的，真挚的。根据常识和后文“letters with specific thanks”可推知，校长写给学生们的信充满真挚的感谢。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随信还包含一张一美元钞票，象征着即使是最微小的善举也有力量。A. included包括，包含；B. exchanged交换；C. required要求；D. found发现。根据前文“Along with each note”可知，美元纸币是随信附上的，也就是包含一张一美元钞票。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随信还包含一张一美元钞票，象征着即使是最微小的善举也有力量。A. courage勇气；B. kindness善意，善举；C. generosity慷慨；D. faith信仰。根据后文“443 random (随机的) acts of kindness”可知，此处指的是善举。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些信花了他超过24小时才完成，但对Mutterer来说，这时间是值得花的。A. mail邮寄；B. answer回答；C. present呈现；D. complete完成。根据前文“The letters took him more than 24 hours”可知，此处指写这些信花了他超过24小时才完成。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的目标：向他的学生们表明，个人的善举很重要，443次随机的善举可以产生涟漪效应，并在世界上创造有意义的变化。A. changes改变；B. matters重要；C. exists存在；D. appears出现。根据后文“443 random (随机的) acts of kindness can start a ripple effect”可知，校长想通过写信告诉学生们个人的善举很重要，可以产生涟漪效应。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的目标：向他的学生们表明，个人的善举很重要，443次随机的善举可以产生涟漪效应，并在世界上创造有意义的变化。A. sudden突然的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. slight轻微的；D. rapid快速的。根据前文“443 random (随机的) acts of kindness can start a ripple effect”可知，443次随机的善举可以产生涟漪效应，从而在世界上创造有意义的变化。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mutterer在学校毕业典礼上向毕业生们发表讲话，称能够为这个优秀的集体服务是一种绝对的荣誉。A. addressed向……发表讲话；B. informed通知；C. interviewed采访；D. comforted安慰。根据常识和后文“his seniors during the school’s graduation ceremony”可知，校长要在毕业典礼上向毕业生们发表讲话。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mutterer在学校毕业典礼上向毕业生们发表讲话，称能够为这个优秀的集体服务是一种绝对的荣誉。A. save拯救；B. plan计划；C. serve服务；D. attend参加。根据前文“an absolute honor”可推知，校长把为这个优秀的集体服务视为一种荣誉。故选C项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mutterer想给他们留下一些东西。A. leave留下；B. charge收费；C. compare比较；D. replace代替。根据后文校长的话“Inside that letter, there’s a single dollar bill”和“but if 443 kids are doing random acts of kindness every day, it has a huge ____ .”可推知，校长想通过这一美元传递给学生们一些观念，即想给他们留下一些东西。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这似乎微不足道，但如果443个孩子每天都在做随机的善举，那就会产生巨大的影响。A. invaluable无价的；B. insignificant微不足道的；C. inaccessible难以达到的；D. illegal非法的。根据后文“but if 443 kids are doing random acts of kindness every day, it has a huge ____ .”可知，前后句为转折关系，前文指一美元似乎微不足道。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这似乎微不足道，但如果443个孩子每天都在做随机的善举，那就会产生巨大的影响。A. shock震惊；B. issue问题；C. impact影响；D. relief宽慰。根据前文“if 443 kids are doing random acts of kindness every day”可推知，如果443个孩子每天都在做随机的善举，那就会产生巨大的影响。故选C项。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：希望有一天我们能把这份善意传递下去，让别人感到自己很重要，受到重视。A. make out辨认出；B. talk about谈论；C. track down追踪；D. pass on传递。根据后文“the kindness one day and make other people feel important and appreciated”可知，此处指把这份善意传递下去并影响其他人。故选D项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mutterer给学生的临别礼物不仅仅是一句再见。A. gift礼物；B. hug拥抱；C. wave挥手；D. question问题。根据前文“But at Mansfield ISD’s Summit High School, the Class of 2025 received something ____ — a personal letter from their headmaster.”和“Headmaster Jason Mutterer went above and beyond by personally writing 443 ____ letters with specific thanks.”可知，校长给学生的临别信和一美元纸币是一份特殊的临别礼物。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个挑战：走出去，把这份善意传递下去。A. burden负担；B. reason原因；C. challenge挑战；D. competition比赛。根据后文“to go out into the world and pay it forward”可知，校长鼓励学生走出去，把这份善意传递下去，这是一个挑战。故选C项。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年重庆市主城区七校联考2高一下学期期末考试） In a surprising cultural crossover, American youths are now exploring Xiaohongshu (RedNote) to document their foraging adventure — 1 unusual trend inspired by China’s “digging wild vegetables” movement. Different from many other social media 2 (phenomenon), what started as a small-scale one has become a worldwide exploration of urban food landscapes. Unlike traditional practices, modern foraging has become a lifestyle choice 3 (drive) by curiosity, sustainability, and digital connection. On Xiaohongshu the posts related to wild food harvesting have gained over 200 million views, 4 changes an old practice into a trendy social activity. The platform has become an unexpected bridge between Chinese and American urban explorers. 5 the original ideas differ — Chinese users often seek local cooking experiences while Americans explore ecological connections, the shared love for wild foods has resulted 6 a unique digital ecosystem. Both communities stress important principles that include: absolute plant identification; sustainable harvesting techniques; avoiding polluted urban areas; and respecting local ecosystems. Cross-cultural exchanges 7 (speed) up with Xiaohongshu’s growth in the past months. 8 (break) traditional limitations, users are building an international knowledge network rather than just sharing recipes. What started as a social media trend represents a 9 (broad) movement: young generations reclaiming traditional knowledge, challenging industrial food systems, and creating 10 (globe) connections through shared experiences. 【答案】1．an 2．phenomena 3．driven 4．which 5．Although/Though/While 6．in 7．have been sped/have been speeded/have sped/have speeded 8．To break 9．broader 10．global 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中美年轻人通过小红书平台在“觅食”这一活动上产生的跨文化交流，以及这一趋势所代表的更广泛意义。 1．考查冠词。句意：在一场令人惊讶的文化交融中，美国年轻人现在正在探索小红书，记录他们的觅食冒险 —— 这一不同寻常的趋势受到中国“挖野菜”运动的启发。trend为可数名词，根据句意可知，此处泛指“一种不同寻常的趋势”，应用不定冠词来修饰，且unusual发音是以元音音素开头，所以应用an。故填an。 2．考查名词。句意：与许多其他社交媒体现象不同，这一起初小规模的活动已成为对城市食物景观的全球性探索。根据空格前的“many other”可知，此处应用名词复数形式作宾语。故填phenomena。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：与传统做法不同，现代觅食已成为一种受好奇心、可持续性和数字连接驱动的生活方式选择。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词has become，所以此处应用drive的非谓语动词形式，因其与lifestyle choice之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填driven。 4．考查定语从句。句意：在小红书上，与野生食物收获相关的帖子浏览量已超过2亿次，这一现象将一种古老的做法变成了一种时尚的社交活动。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用which来引导。故填which。 5．考查状语从句。句意：尽管最初的想法有所不同 —— 中国用户经常寻求当地烹饪体验，而美国人则探索生态联系，但对野生食物的共同热爱形成了一个独特的数字生态系统。根据句意可知，前后句之间为让步关系，因此可用although/though/while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Although/Though/While。 6．考查介词。句意：尽管最初的想法有所不同 —— 中国用户经常寻求当地烹饪体验，而美国人则探索生态联系，但对野生食物的共同热爱形成了一个独特的数字生态系统。result in为固定搭配，表示“导致，结果是”。故填in。 7．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：随着小红书在过去几个月里的成长，跨文化交流正在加速。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，根据时间状语“in the past months”可知，应用现在完成时，speed可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，表示“使加速”或“加速”，所以可用主动语态也可用被动语态，且其过去分词有sped和speede两种形式；主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been sped/speeded或have sped/speeded。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了打破传统限制，用户正在建立一个国际知识网络，而不仅仅是分享食谱。根据语意可知，此处表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To break。 9．考查形容词比较级。句意：这一社交媒体趋势始于一场更广泛的运动：年轻一代重新获得传统知识，挑战工业食品体系，并通过共享体验建立全球联系。根据句意可知，此处表示“更广泛的”，应用形容词比较级作定语，修饰名词movement。故填broader。 10．考查形容词。句意：这一社交媒体趋势始于一场更广泛的运动：年轻一代重新获得传统知识，挑战工业食品体系，并通过共享体验建立全球联系。修饰名词connections应用globe的形容词形式global，作定语。故填global。 Passage 2 Yuan Longping, 1 (know) as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. He was born in 1930 in Beijing. He realized that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a 2 (short) of food to eat, so he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agriculture College. After graduation, Yuan devoted his life to 3 (find) ways to produce more rice. Through intense effort, he overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice 4 could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid rice enabled farmers 5 (expand) their output greatly. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China consists of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. Till now, not only China but many other countries 6 (help) by Yuan’s innovation. Though Yuan’s hybrids made him quite 7 (wealth), he cared little about money. Instead, he donated much money to support agriculture research. He didn’t lead 8 life of leisure. 9 his later years, Yuan Longping still remained young at heart and full of vision. His legacy (遗产) continues to inspire, 10 the world will always remember his groundbreaking contributions. 【答案】1．known 2．shortage 3．finding 4．that 5．to expand 6．have been helped 7．wealthy 8．a 9．In/During 10．and 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平对农业的贡献。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。短语be known as表示“被称为”，此处过去分词作定语修饰Yuan Longping。故填known。 2．考查名词。句意：他意识到农民们常常收成不佳，有时甚至会面临食物短缺的问题，于是他决定学习农业知识，并在西南农业学院接受了教育。短语a shortage of表示“缺乏”。故填shortage。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：毕业后，袁先生便全身心投入到寻找增产水稻的方法中去。短语devote one’s life to doing sth.表示“全身心投入做某事”。故填finding。 4．考查定语从句。句意：经过不懈的努力，他克服了重重技术难题，于1974年培育出了第一种可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。定语从句修饰先行词hybrid rice，在从句作主语，指物，且由序数词修饰，只能用that引导，故填that。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种杂交水稻使农民的产量大幅提高。此处为短语enable sb. to do sth.表示“使某人能够做某事”。故填to expand。 6．考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，不仅中国，许多其他国家也都从袁的创新中受益。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文Till now可知为现在完成时的被动语态，not only…but (also)…句型遵循就近原则，谓语与many other countries保持一致，助动词用have。故填have been helped。 7．考查形容词。句意：尽管袁的杂交水稻使他变得非常富有，但他对金钱却并不怎么在意。作宾补，表示“富有的”用形容词wealthy。故填wealthy。 8．考查冠词。句意：他并非过着悠闲自在的生活。短语lead a life of表示“过着……的生活”。故填a。 9．考查介词。句意：在晚年的时候，袁隆平的心灵依然年轻，思想依然充满远见。表示“在……晚年时候”可用in或during，首字母大写。故填In/During。 10．考查连词。句意：他的功绩至今仍激励着人们，全世界也将永远铭记他那些开创性的贡献。结合前后文语境可知His legacy continues to inspire与the world will always remember his groundbreaking contributions.为并列关系，用连词and。故填and。 ( 综合拓展练 （测试时间： 10 分钟） ) Passage 1 （2025新高考I 卷） The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions(排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy - related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel. This energy transition(变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is "a little bit mind - blowing," says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used," says Wipke. 1.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 2. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A. Planes B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships. 3. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. 【答案】1-3 CCB 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。探讨交通运输领域的碳排放问题。 1. C 事实细节题。根据第一个图表可知，ROAD VEHICLES包括ROAD (PASSENGER)和ROAD (GOODS)两部分，它们在2018年全球交通领域的温室气体排放总量中的比重分别是45.1%和29.4%，相加即为ROAD VEHICLES的比重74.5%。 2. C 推理判断题。根据第二个图表可知PLANES-Synthetic hydrocarbons部分，航空领域脱碳困难；TRUCKS-Hydrogen fuel cells部分，生产绿色氢气造价很高；TRAINS-Electricity部分，目前部分火车已经实现了电气化，其他火车也可以通过相对简单的方式实现电气化；SHIPS-Liquid ammonia部分，液氨则不容易点燃，而且需要重新设计发动机。因此综合对比，C项正确。 3. B 事实细节题。根据关键词Wipke定位到文章最后一段，再根据末句We need to speed up the development of green energy...可知，Wipke建议加速绿色能源的开发与利用，即加大对可再生能源的投入。 Passage 2 The African Children’s Choir (合唱团) is made up of children who are 7 to 10 years old from Africa. They have incredible voices and spirit that amaze the audience everywhere they go! And they go to a lot of places, all around the world. And not only do they travel a lot, but they perform with some superstar singers and celebrities for heads of state. But this is not what makes the choir so special. Like New York’s PS22, they do not just sing, but truly put their hearts, souls and bodies into their words. But what is unique about the choir is that it offers hope, education and confidence to children who live in extreme poverty. For example, the kids in the choir are mostly from the poorest countries in the world. Many children live in one-room homes and walk more than 2 miles to get water for their family. Most of the children have lost one or both of their parents because of wars or diseases. Through its music and education, the African Children’s Choir changes the lives of its children. It allows them to see the world. It gives them hope and confidence. It shows them that everything is possible. The choir even pays for their education through college. In 30 years, it has educated and changed the lives of over 50, 000 children. And, in turn, the children return to their hometowns with new thoughts and new skills to help improve their family and community. These children are truly helping to build a better Africa. 1．What is special about the choir? A．Its positive influence on poor children. B．Performing together with famous people. C．Its members truly putting their hearts into words. D．Its members focusing on singing beautiful songs. 2．What can we learn about the members of the African Children’s Choir? A．They have no parent. B．They are all ten years old. C．Many of them live a hard life. D．Some of them come from PS22. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The African Children’s Choir makes a lot of money. B．The African Children’s Choir has become very popular. C．The African Children’s Choir is very helpful to its members. D．The African Children’s Choir helps 50,000 children go to college. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell an inspiring story. B．To advertise some choirs. C．To introduce a special choir. D．To encourage us to help African children. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲儿童合唱团，该合唱团由来自非洲的7到10岁儿童组成，他们不仅歌声动人，更重要的是合唱团为身处极端贫困中的孩子们提供了希望、教育与信心，改变了数万名孩子的人生，助力他们建设更好的非洲。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But what is unique about the choir is that it offers hope, education and confidence to children who live in extreme poverty.(但这个合唱团的独特之处在于，它为生活在极端贫困中的孩子们提供了希望、教育和信心)”可知，这个合唱团的特别之处在于它对贫困儿童产生的积极影响。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“For example, the kids in the choir are mostly from the poorest countries in the world. Many children live in one-room homes and walk more than 2 miles to get water for their family. Most of the children have lost one or both of their parents because of wars or diseases.(例如，合唱团的孩子们大多来自世界上最贫穷的国家。许多孩子住在单间房屋里，要步行两英里多为家人取水。大多数孩子因战争或疾病失去了单亲或双亲)”可知，合唱团的许多成员过着艰苦的生活。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“Through its music and education, the African Children’s Choir changes the lives of its children. It allows them to see the world. It gives them hope and confidence. It shows them that everything is possible. The choir even pays for their education through college.(通过音乐和教育，非洲儿童合唱团改变了孩子们的生活。它让他们看到世界，给予他们希望和信心，让他们明白一切皆有可能。合唱团甚至为他们支付大学教育费用)”可知，非洲儿童合唱团通过音乐和教育改变了孩子们的生活，让他们看到世界，给予他们希望和信心，让他们明白一切皆有可能，可推理出非洲儿童合唱团对其成员非常有帮助。故选C项。 4．推理判断题题。根据第一段“The African Children’s Choir (合唱团) is made up of children who are 7 to 10 years old from Africa. They have incredible voices and spirit that amaze the audience everywhere they go!( 非洲儿童合唱团由来自非洲、年龄在7至10岁的孩子们组成。他们拥有令人惊叹的嗓音与精神风貌，所到之处总能让观众为之震撼)”、第三段“But what is unique about the choir is that it offers hope, education and confidence to children who live in extreme poverty.(但这个合唱团的独特之处在于，它为生活在极端贫困中的孩子们提供了希望、教育和信心)”等内容可知，文章介绍了非洲儿童合唱团的成员构成和特点，说明其演出经历，介绍了其独特之处，最后讲述合唱团对孩子们的积极影响。由此可推理出，本文的写作目的是介绍一个特别的合唱团。故选C项。 ( 29 / 30 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $