U4 Period Ⅲ　Grammar and usage-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Period Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 单元语法：Verb-ed forms as attributives，adverbials and objectcomplements (动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①Not allowed to go in， he had to wait outside. ②Surprisingly， I found one of the glasses broken. ③Never invited to his party， she got angry with him. ④He couldn’t find enough funds to get his project started. ⑤The books， written by Jane， are popular with many people. ⑥A watched pot never boils. 我的发现： 1.句①和句③中的过去分词短语在句中作______。 2.句②和句④中的过去分词在句中作____________。 3.句⑤和句⑥中的过去分词短语在句中作______。 状语 宾语补足语 定语 [知识精要] 一、动词-ed形式作定语 动词-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置定语和后置定语两种类型。 1.前置定语 单个的动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。 All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的坏门窗都被修好了。 When we arrived， we each were given a printed question paper. 我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。 2.后置定语 作后置定语的动词-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。 We have read many novels written by this author (＝ that are written by this author). 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。 The meeting， attended by one thousand students (＝which was attended by one thousand students)， was a success. 这次共有1 000名学生出席的会议很成功。 A woman，dressed like a lawyer (＝ who was dressed like a lawyer)， came in and took her seat as judge. 一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。 [名师点津]　如要表示强调，单个的动词-ed形式也可以作后置 定语。 Money spent is more than money earned.入不敷出。 3.动词-ed形式作定语和动词-ing形式作定语的区别 动词-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成，有时有被动意义，而动词 -ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行，有主动意义。 the risen sun升起了的太阳 the rising sun正在升起的太阳 boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水 developed countries发达国家 developing countries发展中国家 fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves正在飘落的叶子 changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况 二、动词-ed形式作状语 1.表示时间 动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Shown the lab (＝ After we had been shown the lab)， we were taken to see the library. 带我们参观了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观了图书馆。 Completely examined by the doctors (＝ After he was completely examined)， he went back to school right away. 经过医生彻底检查以后，他立刻回到了学校。 Once recovered，he went all out to do his work. 一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了他的工作。 Once started，the clock will go half a month and keep good time. 一旦给这只钟表上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。 [名师点津]　有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when或while等词来强调时间概念。 When asked why she was late for class again， she hung her head in shame. 当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。 2.表示原因 动词-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Moved by the heroic deeds (＝ Since they were moved by the heroic deeds)， the children couldn’t help crying. 孩子们被英雄事迹所感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。 Written in haste (＝As it was written in haste)， her letter is very hard to read. 因为写得快，她的信很难被阅读。 Excited by the new discovery (＝Because we were excited by the new discovery)， we decided to go out and celebrate. 我们因为新发现而激动万分，决定出去庆祝一下。 3.表示条件 动词-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Heated (＝If water is heated)， water changes into steam. 水加热后就会变成蒸汽。 Given more time (＝If he was given more time)， he would be able to do better. 假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。 4.表示让步 动词-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 Exhausted by the running (＝Although they were exhausted by the running)， they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 Laughed at by many people (＝Even if he was laughed at by many people)， he continued his research. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 [名师点津]　为了使动词-ed形式表示的条件、让步意义更加明显，可以加上适当的连词。 Even if invited，I won’t go. 即使受到邀请，我也不去。 Though beaten by the opposite team，they did not lose heart. 虽然被对手打败了，但他们并没有丧失信心。 Unless invited，he will not come back to the company. 除非被邀请，他不会回到公司来的。 5.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明 动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。 The teacher stood there，surrounded by the students (＝and he was surrounded by the students). 老师站在那儿，被学生围住了。 He went into the office，followed by some children (＝and he was followed by some children). 他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 　当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般用动词-ed形式作宾语的补足语。 1.在感官动词 see， hear， feel， notice， watch， find 后作宾语补足语。 I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. 昨晚我听了《第九交响乐》的演奏。 We found all the rivers seriously polluted. 我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。 Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。 2.在使役动词 get， have， make， leave， keep 等后作宾语补足语。 (1)动词-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。 Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。 I’ll just get these dishes washed and then I’ll come. 我得先把盘子洗了，然后就来。 [名师点津]　动词 get 后面也可接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，此时，动词和宾语是主动关系。 I couldn’t get the car to start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来。 He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。 It is not hard to get him talking； the problem is stopping him！ 让他说话不难，问题是阻止他。 Can you really get that old clock going again？ 你真的能让那个旧钟表再走起来吗？ (2)动词-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。 He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 为了使别人听清他的讲话他提高了嗓门。 You should make your views known to the public. 你应该让公众知道你的观点。 [名师点津]　动词 make 后的宾语补足语可用不带 to 的动词不定式或动词-ed形式，但不可用动词-ing形式。 【误】Can you make the students understanding the text？ 【正】Can you make the students understand the text？ 【正】Can you make the text understood by the students？ 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？ (3)动词-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。 They all went home， leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都没完成，他们就回家了。 The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 侦探和他的助手整晚都把自己锁在房间里。 3.动词-ed形式也可用在 with (without)结构中，作介词的宾语补足语。 With everything well arranged， he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。 She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture books. 她已经回来了，背包里塞满了有趣的图书。 Without any grain left in the house， the little girl had to go begging. 家里没有粮食，小女孩只好出去讨饭。 Without any more time given， we couldn’t finish the task in three weeks. 如果没有更多的时间的话，我们三个星期之内完成不了任务。 4.在某些动词如 want， need， prefer， would like 等后面，作宾语补足语的不定式的被动形式省略“to be”后，就成了动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。 I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望这事立即得到解决。 I’d prefer this book (to be) translated by my sister. 我宁愿让我妹妹来翻译这本书。 We need the work (to be) finished before Saturday. 我们需要这项工作在周六之前完成。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.___________ (compare) with other professors， she was an excellent speaker. 2.They turned around and stood in the middle of the room， completely ____________ (astonish). 3.________ (give) more time， I could have solved that riddle. 4.When you speak English， be sure to make yourself ____________ (understand). Compared astonished Given understood 5.The experience ________ (gain) in the army was of great value to our study. 6.We should bring in advanced technology from ___________ (develop) countries from time to time. 7.If you want to make yourself ___________ (respect)， you are above all to respect others. gained developed respected 8.__________ (hear) the news， he looked disappointed. 9.At the sight of the ________ scene， all the people present were _______.(move) 10._________ (lock) up， he had no way to escape. Hearing moving moved Locked Ⅱ.用过去分词短语完成下列句子 1.因为陷入了沉思，他几乎撞到了前面的汽车。 _______________， he almost ran into the car in front of him. 2.第一批被编写出来教英语的课本是在16世纪出版的。 The first textbooks ________________________ came out in the 16th century. Lost in thought written for teaching English 3.去年开办的计算机中心深受这所学校的学生们的喜爱。 The computer center， ________________， is very popular among the students in this school. 4.薇薇安的手指卡在自行车链条里了。 Vivien _________________________ in the bicycle chain. opened last year got her fingers trapped 5.一支点燃的蜡烛照亮了地下室。 ___________________ lit up the cellar. 6.昨天那个珍贵的花瓶被发现被盗了。 The valuable vase __________________ yesterday. A lighted candle was found stolen 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Warm milk is the ideal breeding ground for __________ (细菌). 2.He remained the most popular ____________ (政治家) in Arkansas. 3.One in seven ___________ (事故) is caused by sleepy drivers. 4.He left the hotel ____________ (包围) by crowds of journalists. 5.To be honest， he’s _____________ (有才智的) enough but he lacks motivation. bacteria politician accidents surrounded intelligent 6.____________ (闪电) strikes caused scores of fires across the state. 7.All of a sudden， he hit the _______ (金属的) steps with a ringing crash. 8.They ceremoniously cut a piece of ________ (彩带)， declaring the exhibition open. 9.One hot summer afternoon， he was taking a walk when a ______________ (雷雨) started all at once. 10.More people believe that __________ (电的) power lines could present a health risk. Lightning metal ribbon thunderstorm electric Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.We got home only to find the whole house ________ (turn) upside down.Thieves obviously had broken in. 2.Everything ______ (do)， we went home. 3.He was lying on the grass， his hands _________ (cross) under his head. 4.All things ____________ (consider)， the planned trip will have to be called off. 5.______ (put) frankly， I don’t agree with what he said. turned done crossed considered Put 6.________ (give) the general state of his health， it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 7.We moved into a cabin with _____________ (electric) but no running water. 8.He didn’t even have the ______________ (intelligent) to call for an ambulance. 9.Over the years several similar __________ (theory) have been put forward. 10.It was hard to know whether it happened ____ accident or by design. Given electricity intelligence theories by Ⅲ.阅读理解 　　As a young and fearless child， Thomas Alva Edison wanted to know the inner workings of the world around him and was not afraid to dive (潜水) into the river behind his house to find answers.At five， his curiosity to understand fire ended with the family barn burned down.His dangerous curiosity and endless questions drove his father crazy.But his mother saw something else in her son. 　　Edison’s “turnabout” really began at age eight.He was registered at Reverend Engle’s school in 1855.The lessons were likely boring to the little boy.He daydreamed through classes. 　One day， in front of Edison， Reverend Engle complained that the boy was ________ and unable to be taught.Edison ran home in tears.The next day， his mother， Nancy Edison， brought him back to discuss the situation with Reverend Engle.She became angry at the teacher’s ways-Everything was forced on the kids.She said her son was very smart and that she would educate him at home.Surprisingly， this marked the end of Edison’s formal education and the beginning of the great inventor. addled 　　Mrs.Edison equipped her son with works of literature and history as well as science that fed his passion (求知).She encouraged Edison’s hands-on experiments.Young Edison applied what he learned to practice.Despite a few explosions and burns that happened at home， Mrs.Edison encouraged her son to go on in that path. It was the model of discovery and innovation (创新) that Edison learned from his mother that would mark the rest of his creative life.Edison met challenges with his head and hands. 　　The light of Edison， which has lasted more than a century， might never have reached us were it not for an admirable mother who saw the promise in her son where others only saw problems. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Thomas Alva Edison的早年生活和成长经历，特别是他母亲对他成长道路的重大影响。 1.What can we know about young Edison？ A. He was curious about the world around him. B. His carelessness led to a fire in the classroom. C. His action made his teacher quite proud. D. He was forced to drop out of high school. 1 2 3 4 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As a young and fearless child...drove his father crazy.”可知，小时候的爱迪生对周围的一切充满了好奇。故选A。 2.What does the underlined word “addled” in paragraph 3 mean？ A. Nervous.　　　　　　B. Frank. C. Energetic. D. Stupid. 1 2 3 4 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Reverend Engle complained...was very smart”可推知，Reverend Engle抱怨爱迪生很愚蠢，无法被教导。由此可知，addled意为“愚蠢的”。故选D。 3.Why did Nancy Edison decide to educate her son at home？ A. She thought that her son made little progress. B. She couldn’t afford the cost of private education. C. She was dissatisfied with the teaching at school. D. She believed that the school was to be closed. 1 2 3 4 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She became angry...educate him at home.”可知，Nancy Edison对学校的教育方式非常不满，决定在家教导孩子。故选C。 4.What does the author probably expect parents to do？ A. Put homeschooling before everything. B. Focus on the promise their children show. C. Develop their children’s love for experiments. D. Take no notice of mistakes their children made. 1 2 3 4 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“She encouraged Edison’s hands-on...on in that path.”和最后一段的内容可推知，作者希望父母关注孩子身上的潜质。故选B。 Ⅳ.完形填空 　　No two snowflakes are alike？Wilson A. Bentley， a farmer and amateur meteorologist， sought to answer that question， dedicating himself to _______flakes of snow for 50 years. 1 　　Bentley was born in 1865 and _________on a farm.On his 15th birthday，Bentley’s mother gave him an old _________.It was snowing that day， and the boy _________ getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake with the _________.When he was 17， Bentley asked his parents to buy him a new， better microscope and a camera.His father argued that it was a waste of time.Finally，his father gave in.Bentley built a wooden frame to _________the new equipment and then spent 2 years figuring out how to take a picture of a snowflake 2 3 4 5 6 _________a microscope. On January 15，1885，he did it，creating the world’s first photo of snowflake.Every winter for the rest of his life， Bentley studied snowflakes in a(n) _________room in the back of the house.The process was difficult and cold. Outdoors， he collected snowflakes on a wooden tray that was painted _________to observe it.Whenever it snowed， Bentley caught and captured flakes， sometimes working all night.He found that most snowflakes had six sides， __________others looked like triangles， or columns-no two were alike. 8 9 10 7 　　Bentley ________his snowflakes with anyone who was interested.He wrote articles for scientists and for ________such as National Geographic.Occasionally， he felt ________that few people seemed to care about his work.Still，he ________stopped.In 1920，Bentley was elected as one of the first members of the American Meteorological Society， which later ________him its first research grant in 1924. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Bentley将拍摄雪花作为终身爱好和事业的故事。 11 12 13 14 15 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1.A. creating　　　　　　　B. producing C. observing D. cleaning 答案：C 解析：由下文“Bentley studied snowflakes in a(n) 8 room in the back of the house”可知，Bentley花时间“观察”雪花。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2.A. worked B. raised C. ran D. helped 答案：B 解析：由上文“Bentley was born in 1865 and”可知，这里应讲他的成长，他是在农场上被“抚养”大的。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3.A. bag B. camera C. microscope D. tray 答案：C 解析：由下文“a new， better microscope”可知，这里讲母亲给他一个旧的“显微镜”。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4.A. succeeded in B. turned in C. gave up D. gave in 答案：A 解析：由下文“getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake”可知，Bentley“成功”地观察到了雪花。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5.A. time B. frame C. instruction D. instrument 答案：D 解析：由上文“Bentley’s mother gave him an old 3 ”可知，Bentley用这个旧的显微镜“仪器”观察到了雪花。故选D项。 6.A. hold B. fix C. adjust D. buy 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：A 解析：由“a wooden frame”可知，这木制框架是用来“托住”显微镜的。故选A项。 7.A. without B. along C. under D. above 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：C 解析：由上文“getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake with the 5 ”可知，Bentley是“在显微镜下”观察拍摄雪花的。故选 C项。 8.A. old B. unheated C. small D. cozy 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：B 解析：由“snowflakes”可知，只有在“没有暖气”寒冷的地方才能观察雪花，否则雪花会融化。故选B项。 9.A. black B. white C. new D. odd 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：A 解析：由下文“to observe it”可知，雪花是白色的，所以只有在“黑色”背景下才好观察。故选A项。 10.A. or B. and C. so D. but 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：D 解析：由下文“others looked like triangles， or columns”可知，这和前面一句话形成转折关系。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11.A. sold B. shared C. carried D. presented 答案：B 解析：由下文“anyone who was interested”可知，他应该是和有相同爱好的人“分享”自己的发现。故选B项。 12.A. magazines B. newspaper C. colleges D. companies 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：A 解析：由下文National Geographic可知，这是一本“杂志”。故选 A项。 13.A. amazed B. excited C. discouraged D. encouraged 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：C 解析：由下文“few people seemed to care about his work”可知，没人关注他的工作，这会让他“感到沮丧的”。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14.A. always B. once C. ever D. never 答案：D 解析：由“Still”以及上文可知，虽然很少人关注他，他仍然“不”停下来，继续他的爱好。故选D项。 15.A. owed B. awarded C. praised D. considered 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：B 解析：由下文“its first research grant in 1924”可知，这是给他“授予”的奖励。故选B项。 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在北京生活多年的希腊摄影师George Doupas通过自己的照片向西方介绍中国，他也愿意继续充当中国与西方之间的桥梁。 For Greek photographer George Doupas， Beijing is home now. During the past decade，he has been photographing the city， capturing its beauty 1.______________ sharing these photos online and in exhibitions. 1.答案：and 解析：考查连词。 分析句子结构可知，空处连接前后的capturing its beauty和sharing these photos online and in exhibitions，两者在意义上为并列关系，所以空处填and。 　　“This 2.______________ (true)represents Beijing-the old and the new， nicely mixing together，” Doupas said while showing his photograph of the Zhihua Temple， a delicate Ming Dynasty building. It 3.______________ (locate) in front of a modern office building， Galaxy Soho， which features weaving bridges and interlocking passageways. 3.答案：is located 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作主句的谓语。此处讲述了一个客观事实，时态用一般现在时；be located in意为“坐落于，位于”；主语it为第三人称单数。所以空处填 is located。 2.答案：truly 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词represents，应用副词，所以空处填truly。 　　With rich historical heritage， Beijing 4.______________ (be) an important center of traditional Chinese culture since the Ming Dynasty. Doupas often gets 5.______________ (lose) in the city’s splendid ancient architecture. Meanwhile， he is also amazed by the modern city 6.______________ (combine)high-end businesses and various industries. “It is fascinating to see a rapidly-developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past， which is 7.______________ I decided to pursue my career here，” he said. 4.答案：has been 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作本句的谓语。结合时间状语 since the Ming Dynasty可知，时态用现在完成时；主语 Beijing 为第三人称单数，所以空处填has been。 5.答案：lost 解析：考查词性转换。get lost in...意为“迷失在……，陷入……”，为固定表达。 6.答案：combining 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是is amazed，空处在句中作非谓语，与其逻辑主语the modern city之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以空处填combining。 7.答案：why 解析：考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句。结合句意“看到一个快速发展的城市投入了如此多的精力来保护它的过去是很迷人的，那就是我决定在这里追求我的事业的原因”可知，空处填 why。 　　Doupas is determined to continue with his career in China， hoping to serve as 8.______________ bridge between China and the West. The 9.______________ (display)that show his photos about Beijing have attracted a large audience in Greece and the Czech Republic. 8.答案：a 解析：考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处需要限定词修饰可数名词bridge，结合句意“充当中国和西方之间的一座桥梁”可知，此处表示泛指，且bridge的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。 9.答案：displays 解析：考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作主句的主语。根据主句的谓语动词have attracted，或从句的谓语动词show可知，主语为复数，所以空处填displays。 10.答案：with 解析：考查介词。share...with...意为“与……分享……”，为固定表达。 “I call Beijing my home now，” he said. “I’ll keep sharing photos of China 10.______________ the rest of the world.” $$