U2 Period Ⅱ Welcome to the unit -【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第三册 UNIT 2　Natural disasters Period Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading——Language points 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 词汇识记 1.county n.郡，县 To date，the county has built a total of 13 grass farms. 迄今为止，该县共建设了13个草场。 2.injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 Jack injured his leg when he was playing basketball yesterday.The doctor said that his injury was very serious. 杰克昨天打篮球时伤了腿。医生说他的伤很严重。 injured adj.受伤的 injury n.伤害 3.disaster n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败 There were 7，348 major natural disasters around the world，resulting in USD 2，970 billion in economic loss. 全球共发生重大自然灾害7 348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。 4.at large整个，全部；在逃的 To our comfort，the murderer who had been at large for twenty years was finally arrested by the police. 使我们感到安慰的是，那个逍遥法外20年的杀人犯终于被警方逮捕了。 5.reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 A schoolgirl saved her father’s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic reaction which stopped his heart.The doctor said that her father is likely to react to some special smell. 一名女学生在父亲发生严重的过敏反应导致心脏停止跳动后，用脚踢了他的胸部，救了他的命。医生说她的父亲可能对某种特殊气味有反应。 react vi.作出反应，回应 6.crash n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击； 崩溃 The computer has crashed five times in the last few minutes and I will get it repaired tomorrow. 这台电脑在过去几分钟内死机了五次，我明天要把它修好。 There were no survivors on that plane which crashed in an area of dense jungle. 那架飞机在茂密的丛林中坠毁，机上无一人生还。 7.signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信 号灯 We overlook all sorts of warning signals about our own health. 我们忽视了各种关于自身健康的警告信号。 The monitor signalled regularly to warn people of any danger. 监测器定期发出信号，警告人们有危险。 8.exit vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出 n.出口，通道；离开 They set sail again，and saw what looked like an exit，but it was blocked by rocks which had fallen down from the ceiling. 他们再次扬帆起航，看到了一个像是出口的东西，但它被从天花板上掉下来的石块堵住了。 9.orderly adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的 Since safety always comes first，please queue up in lines to enter the hall orderly and do not push each other. 安全第一，请有序入场，请勿相互推搡。 The house had been kept in good order. 这所房子一直保持良好。 order vt.& n.命令；订货；秩序；顺序 10.stair n.楼梯；梯级 The old man took a deep breath，and began to climb the stairs. 老人深吸一口气，开始爬楼梯。 11.roll n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身； 卷起 We were driving on the road when a big rock rolled down the hill and we only just escaped being hit. 我们正在路上开车，突然一块大石头从山上滚下来，我们差点儿没被砸着。 roll call点名 After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. 在点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 12.confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 The official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million. 这名官员证实，这些画作是原作，价值高达5 000万美元。 We hope that the enclosed draft contract will be acceptable to you and we look forward to receiving your confirmation. 我们希望贵方能接受随函附上的合同草案，并期待收到贵方的 确认。 confirmation n.证实，确认，批准 13.safe and sound安然无恙的 To my great relief，I found all the children safe and sound after the earthquake. 让我宽慰的是，地震过后，我发现所有的孩子都安然无恙。 14.hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 Ann was so moved that tears filled her eyes.She said thanks and hugged Lily. 安非常感动，以至于眼里充满了泪水。她说了声谢谢，然后拥抱了莉莉。 15.procedure n.程序，步骤，手续 The patient demonstrated remarkable tolerance during the painful medical procedure. 病人在痛苦的医疗过程中表现出非凡的忍耐力。 16.tsunami n.海啸 17.odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 Many immigrants headed to California to seek their fortune but ended up doing diverse odd jobs to earn a living. 许多移民前往加利福尼亚寻求发财机会，但最终却做了各种各样的零工来谋生。 18.bubble n.泡沫，泡，气泡 19.occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 A great deal of talking and listening that occurs under casual circumstances may seem to be aimless. 在偶然情况下发生的大量的交谈和倾听似乎是没有目的的。 occur to被想到，浮现在脑中 occurrence n.发生；发生的事情 I was about to give up working on the problem when a bright idea occurred to me，by which I gained full marks in the test. 我正要放弃做这道题的时候，我想到了一个好主意，由此我在考试中得了满分。 20.keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静 Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and trying to look optimistic. 许多人认为积极思考主要是保持头脑清醒和努力看起来乐观。 21.relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 Relieved，Tom sat in the chair and watched TV in the room. 汤姆松了一口气，坐在椅子上，在房间里看电视。 It’s known that yoga can relieve our pressure. 众所周知，瑜伽可以减轻我们的压力。 relieve vt.减轻或解除(痛苦、困苦或忧虑等) relieved adj.感到宽慰的，放心的 22.typhoon n.台风 23.destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的 Under such conditions，the destructive effects of bacteria are diminished. 在这样的条件下，细菌的破坏作用减弱了。 destroy v.破坏 destruction n.破坏 I gave some money to John，whose house was destroyed in the flood. 我给了约翰一些钱，他的房子在洪水中被毁了。 The destruction of the rainforest will lead to the habitat loss of many animals. 热带雨林的破坏将导致许多动物的栖息地丧失。 24.pole n.柱，杆；极 25.inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知 William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from which we can learn without repeating them. 威廉·哈斯蒂曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习，不必重蹈覆辙。 information n.信息 informed adj.有学问的；有见识的 默写练习 【限时：15分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1.______ n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 2.____ vi.& vt.出去，离去，退场；退出 n.出口，通道；离开 3.____ n.楼梯；梯级 4.___ n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vt.& vi.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 crash exit stair roll 5._____ vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 6.__________ n.程序，步骤，手续 7.____ adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 8.______ vi.发生，出现；存在于 9.______ vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 10.______ vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→______ n.受伤，伤害→_______ adj.受伤的 hug procedure odd occur signal injure injury injured 11._______ n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败→__________ adj.灾难性的 12.________ n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→_____ vi.反应； 回应 13._______ adj.有秩序的；有条理的，整齐的→ _________ adj.混乱的，没有条理的→ _____ vt.& n.命令；订货；秩序；顺序 14._______ vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准→____________ n.确认；证实；批准 disaster disastrous reaction react orderly disorderly order confirm confirmation 15._____ n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→_______ vt.使减轻；减缓；使放心→_______adj.感到宽慰的，放心的 16._______ vt.破坏，毁坏→ ___________ n.破坏，毁坏→ __________ adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的 17._______ vt.了解，熟悉；通知→________adj.了解情况的；见多识广的→ __________ n.信息，消息 relief relieve relieved destruct destruction destructive inform informed information Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1.I made friends with the natives，and their ________ (react) amazed me. 2.Two players are out of the team because of ______ (injure). 3.Besides，they often get some useful __________ (inform) from the Internet. reaction injury information 4.Meanwhile，the sharp contrast between the man’s intention to camp and the harsh reality accurately reflects the mass human __________ (destruct) of nature. 5.It was a _____ (relieve) and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle of the road. destruction relief Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1._______ 整个，全部 2.________ 点名 3._____________ 安然无恙的 4._______ 被想到，浮现在脑中 5._______________ (在困境中)保持冷静 6._________ 抓紧，不放手 7.______ 以防万一 at large roll call safe and sound occur to keep one’s head hold on to in case 8.__________________ 警告某人某事 9.____________ 使某人宽慰的是 10._______________ 告知某人某事 warn sb.of/about sth. to one’s relief inform sb.of sth. Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1.Whatever danger you meet with，be sure to ______________. 2.That new policy could be good news for the market _______. 3.The climber _________ the rope to stop himself slipping down. 4.It was such a miracle that everyone on board was _____________ despite the hurricane. 5.It was considerate of Michael to ___________ his arriving late in case we got worried. keep your head at large held on to safe and sound inform us of 词汇精研 1.injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 (injury n.受伤，伤害 injured adj.受伤的) be/get badly/seriously injured 严重受伤 the injured伤员 do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人 [教材原文] Only 5 students suffered slight injuries，despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. 尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受了轻伤。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①This kind of chemical poison will do an injury ___ people’s health. ②I heard that the _______ (injure) in the car crash were sent to the nearest hospital at once. ③Watch out for _______ (injure) while exercising.Always stop the moment you feel any pain. to injured injuries ④(心理描写)尽管腿受伤了，他还是决定跑完马拉松。 →Though _________________________，he was determined to finish the marathon. →Though ________________，he was determined to finish the marathon.(非谓语动词作状语) he was/got injured in the leg injured in the leg 2.reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 (react vi.反应) (1)a reaction to对……的反应 (2)react to对……起反应；对……作出回应 react against反抗 [教材原文] Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks，head first，and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速、正确--他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①I don’t know what his reaction __ that consequence was at the time. ②Local residents often reacted _______ the officials，which made them very upset. ③How would the great man have reacted to _______ (win) the Booker？ ④Her parents’ ________ (react) to the news was surprisingly calm. to against winning reaction ⑤你认为他对你的建议会有什么反应？ →How do you think ___________________________？(react) →What do you think _____________________________？(reaction) [名师点津]　a reaction to与react to中的to均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 he will react to your suggestion his reaction to your suggestion will be 3.crash n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击； 崩溃 crash into...撞上…… crash through猛烈冲破 crash (...) into/onto...撞上…… [教材原文] There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground，but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly. 尽管玻璃破碎和物体落地发出阵阵巨响，但是学生们仍然一动不动，沉着安静地等待着。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①A truck went out of control and crashed ____ the back of a bus. ②It crashed ________ a wooden fence and disappeared. ③两人回忆说，大约凌晨1：30时听到一声巨响。 Two people recalled hearing ___________ at about 1：30 a.m. into through a loud crash 4.signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信 号灯 signal (to) sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事 traffic signals交通信号灯 [教材原文] She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning _______ (signal) that we really have changed our planet. ②He signalled to us ______ (join) him. ③胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的报警信号。 Chest pains can be _______________ of heart problems. signals to join a warning signal 5.confirm vt.证实，确认；批准；使确信(confirmation n.证实；确认) confirm sb.in sth.使某人确信某事 confirm sb.as...任命某人担任…… confirm that/wh-...证实…… It has been confirmed that...已经证实…… [教材原文] After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Has everyone confirmed ____ they’re coming？ ②His words confirmed me __ my belief that our cause was right. that in ③He was confirmed ___ captain for the rest of the season. ④Once the registration form is received and processed，we will send a ____________ (confirm) email within two business days. ⑤已经证实，水对于生命的发展十分重要。 ______________________water is fundamental to the development of life. as confirmation It has been confirmed that 6.occur vi.发生，出现；存在于(occurence n.出现) sth.occurs to sb.某事(主意或想法)被某人(突然)想到 It occurs to sb.that...某人(突然)想到…… It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人(突然)想到做某事 [教材原文] It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①A perfect idea ________ (occur) to me that the students could exit the classroom in an orderly line in that situation. ②It never occurred to me ________ (watch) the performance of the dolphin. occurred to watch ③(人物描写)妈妈突然想起她把帐篷落在我们前一天晚上住的旅馆里了。 →______________________ she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.(occur) →_______________ she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.(hit) →__________________ she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.(strike) It occurred to Mother that It hit Mother that It struck Mother that [名师点津]　 (1)表示“发生”的动词(词组)occur，happen，take place，break out等都是不及物动词(词组)，都不能用于被动语态。 (2)以下动词的过去式及分词要双写r： occur—occurred—occurred—occurring prefer—preferred—preferred—preferring refer—referred—referred—referring infer—inferred—inferred—inferring 7.relief n.宽慰；轻松；消除，减轻；救济(relieve vt.解除；减轻 relieved adj.感到宽慰的；放心的) (1)in relief如释重负；松了口气 to one’s relief使某人欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth.做某事是令人欣慰的。 What a relief！ 终于放心了！ sigh with relief松了口气 (2)relieve sb. of sth.缓解/减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等) [教材原文] To her great relief，the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile ___ relief. ②My family members have greatly relieved me ____ the economic burden. in of ③Once the helicopter landed，we got onto it in no time，excited and ________ (relief). ④(心理描写)令我们感到欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到了家，安然无恙。 ___________，the missing child returned home ten days later，safe and sound. relieved To our relief [名师点津]　to one’s relief 意为“使某人欣慰的是”，为了强调，可在to前面加much或者在relief前加great，意为“使某人非常欣慰的是”。有相同用法的词还有surprise，joy，regret等。 8.inform vt.通知；了解，熟悉(information n.信息) inform sb.of sth.通知/报告某人某事 inform sb.that...通知某人…… keep sb.informed of...使某人随时了解…… [教材原文] Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 记得让自己了解正在发生的事情。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空 ①For further __________ (inform) on the diet，write to us at this address. ②I informed my wife ____ my safely arriving at the destination. ③I’m happy to inform you ____ the application has been confirmed. ④Every night it goes on the web，keeping parents and the world ________ (inform) of the happenings at Pali. information of that informed 句式剖析 1.sb.be doing sth. when...某人正在做某事，这时…… (1)本句是一个主从复合句；head teacher 为句子主语Alice Brown的同位语；句中含有“sb.be doing sth.when...”句型，表示“某人正在做某事，这时……”。 (2)在“sb.be doing sth.when...”句型中，when作并列连词，引出一个突然发生的动作，when相当于and then或and at that time。 (3)类似的表达还有： sb.was on the point of doing...when...某人正要做……这时…… sb.had just done...when...某人刚做完……这时…… sb.was about to do...when...某人正要做……这时…… [教材原文] Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake. 地面开始晃动时，弗尔蒙特小学的校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Last Monday，I ___________ (walk) in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. was walking ②(人物描写)I was wondering whether to participate _____ my English teacher came by，telling me that it was a good chance to display my talent. ③She had just finished her homework _____ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. when when ④(动作描写)坐在教室里，我正要把书拿出来，这时我突然眩 晕了。 Seated in the classroom，I __________________________________ ____________________________ when suddenly I became faint. was about to take my books out/was on the point of taking my books out 2.the moment...一……就…… (1)本句是一个主从复合句；the moment后面接句子，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。 (2)the moment意为“一……就……”，与其意义相近的其他表达方式还有： ①名词词组 the minute/instant ②副词 immediately，directly，instantly ③连词短语as soon as，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...句型，其中主句用过去完成时，when和than引导的从句用一般过去时。当hardly，no sooner置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装，即把助动词、系动词、情态动词提到主语之前。 [教材原文] The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 地震停止的瞬间，布朗女士意识到这是他们逃出教室的最好 时机。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Much to my surprise，she burst into tears ________ (instant) she read the letter. instantly ②(动作描写)我一到家，就拿出手提箱，把我的必需品，包括一些衣服和食物，装进里面。 → __________________________ I took out my suitcase and packed my necessities into it，including some clothes and food.(no sooner...than...) → _________________________ I took out my suitcase and packed my necessities into it，including some clothes and food.(hardly... when...) No sooner had I got home than Hardly had I got home when 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The rise in inflation is a clear ______ (信号) that the policies are not working. 2.X-rays have _________ (证实) that he has not broken any bones. 3.The company _______ (倒闭) with debts of ￡50 million. 4.I tried shaking him but there was no _______ (反应). 5.There were no _______ (受伤) in the crash，which was the best out of the worst. signal confirmed crashed reaction injuries 6.We had to carry the piano up three flights of _____ (台阶). 7.Making a complaint is quite a simple _________ (程序). 8.The area has been declared to be a ________ (灾难) zone by the government. 9.He ________ (拥抱) the hot-water bottle to his chest. 10.More than 600，000 people were displaced by the _______ (海啸). stairs procedure disaster hugged tsunami Ⅱ.选词填空 occur to，keep one’s head，safe and sound，roll call，inform sb.of...，at large 1.It was a miracle that the missing boy arrived home _____________. 2.This in turn will spur job creation in the economy _______. 3.She was able to _____________ and not panic. safe and sound at large keep her head occur to，keep one’s head，safe and sound，roll call，inform sb.of...，at large 4.I hope you will write to me from time to time and ____________ your progress. 5.We had to stand in the snow every morning for _______. 6.It never __________ me that he might be in trouble. inform me of roll call occurred to Ⅲ.完成句子 1.她示意他跟她走。 She ________________________ her. 2.他把他的决定告诉了我。 He ______________ his decision. 3.他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。 ______________________ she would refuse his invitation. signalled (to) him to follow informed me of It didn’t occur to him that 4.不要遇到一点困难就打退堂鼓。 Don’t back up ____________________________________. 5.我正要离开办公室时，忽然电话铃响了。 __________________________ when the telephone rang. the moment you meet with a little difficulty I was about to leave my office 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Local residents have reacted angrily __ the news. 2.The siren was a signal for everyone _______ (leave) the building. 3.The ship crashed ____ the infamous Sker Point rocks and broke into three pieces. 4.We should proceed in an _______ (order) way，advance step by step in our studies，and not reach for what is beyond our grasp. to to leave into orderly 5.We keep them ________ (inform) of any changes as they arise. 6.His expression confirmed me ___ my suspicion. 7.To our great _____ (relieve)，he recovered enough to continue the next day. 8.___occurred to me that my uncle，an expert，could offer me some strategies. informed in relief It Ⅱ.单句写作(应用文写作——地震) 1.几年前，我们县发生了一场地震。(county) __________________________________________________________ 2.几乎所有的家庭都安然无恙。(safe and sound) __________________________________________________________ 3.整个受灾地区只有少数人受伤。(injure；at large) __________________________________________________________ A few years ago，there was an earthquake in our county. Almost all families were safe and sound. Only a few people were injured in the disaster area at large. 4.当史密斯听到巨大的撞击声时，他意识到正在发生地震。(crash；it occurred to sb. that...) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.他头脑冷静，迅速作出反应。(keep one’s head；reaction) __________________________________________________________ When Smith heard the loud crashes，it occurred to him that an earthquake was happening. He kept his head and made a quick reaction. Ⅲ.阅读理解 A 　　Are flash floods becoming more serious？ According to the Environment Agency (EA) around 5.2 million properties in England alone are at risk of flooding.Climate change is bringing more unpredictable weather patterns，wetter weather and rising sea levels.Therefore protecting your home from flooding has never been more important.Here are some things you can do. 　　First，stay informed.Download the Met Office weather app and allow notices.This app will provide you with real-time weather warnings allowing you to take appropriate measures.Depending on the severity of the warning this could range from ensuring you have a good supply of drinking water to leaving.Extreme weather events are an unstoppable force—sometimes leaving the area will be your only safe option. 　　Second，know the level of risk by looking at flood maps.You may be required to have flood insurance if you live in a high-risk area. 　　Third，create an emergency plan.If you need to leave in a hurry，do you have a place to stay？ Also，could you weather the storm？ Make sure you always keep emergency supplies to last several days，including a first-aid case.Having a way of recharging your mobile phone is worth considering too. 　　But be particularly careful when travelling by car.Don’t drive through flooded streets-it’s difficult to judge the water depth，and roadways hidden below the water can collapse.If floodwaters cause your vehicle to lose control，give it up and seek the higher ground.Rapidly rising water can sweep the vehicle away.Know your surroundings and head to the higher ground，and listen to the radio updates when in a flood. 　　Plan for the worst； hope for the best.In March of this year，the Met Office predicted that extreme rainfall events could be four times as frequent by 2080 compared to the 1980s.In the face of increasing climate-related challenges，adopting a proactive approach to flood protection seems increasingly advisable. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。由于气候变化，突发性山洪变得更加严重，文章介绍了应对这种自然灾害的一些措施。 1.Why does the author ask the question in paragraph 1？ A. To confirm an idea. B. To introduce a topic. C. To conclude the text. D. To express some doubts. 1 2 3 4 答案：B 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Are flash floods...been more important.”可知，作者先提出问题，然后说明洪水的确变得更加严重，再引出保护自己免受洪水侵袭的话题。由此可知，作者提出问题的目的在于引出话题。故选B项。 2.What are the drivers especially advised to do if travelling？ A. Avoid the flooded streets in particular. B. Get rid of necessary supplies if necessary. C. Purchase flood insurance in full measure. D. Keep the weather app updated over time. 1 2 3 4 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But be particularly...water can collapse.”可知，司机们被特别建议在出行时避开被水淹没的街道。故选A项。 3.What kind of writing skills does the author use in the last paragraph？ A. By analyzing causes. B. By listing relevant data. C. By describing processes. D. By making comparisons. 1 2 3 4 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In March of this year... compared to the 1980s.”可知，作者使用了作比较的写作方法，来突显极端降雨明显增多。故选D项。 4.What is the best title for the text？ A. What Is a Flash Flood？ B. Do Flash Floods Need Controlling？ C. Are Flash Floods Becoming More Serious？ D. How to Protect Ourselves from Flash Floods？ 1 2 3 4 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了应对愈发严重的突发性山洪的一些措施。因此，D项“如何保护自己免受突发性山洪侵袭？”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 B 　　Soot (煤烟) pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica，a new study suggests，raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit. 　　“It really makes us question whether our presence is really needed，” says Alia Khan，one of the authors of the new study. “We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica，which is enhancing snow and ice melting.” 　　Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels. Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮)，vehicles，airplanes and electrical generators，although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe. The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black T-shirt does on a warm day. The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting that is already happening more quickly because of global warming. When snow and ice are uncovered，they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat. 　　“These are the mirrors on our planet，” says Sonia Nagorski，a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast.“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits，they are less reflective. That means more heat is trapped on Earth，speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.” 　　As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year，Khan says she is troubled by her own research results. On the one hand，she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there are disappearing.“But then when we come to the conclusion like this it really does make us think twice about how frequently we need to visit the continent，”she says，“and what kind of regulation should be placed on tourism as well.” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric，for example，or limiting the number of visitors each year. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，这些年，人类对南极洲的频繁参观导致煤烟污染加重，而这正在加速南极洲的冰雪融化，由此引发思考：如何保护这块脆弱的大陆免受越来越多想要来参观的人们的影响呢？ 5.What are the feelings expressed in Khan’s words in paragraph 2？ A. Doubt and concern. B. Confidence and courage. C. Anger and disappointment. D. Optimism and certainty. 5 6 7 8 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It really makes us question whether our presence is really needed”可推测出，Khan对于去南极洲表示怀疑；再根据第二段中的“We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica，which is enhancing snow and ice melting.”可知，Khan已经注意到我们已经给南极洲留下了大量的黑碳足迹，这会加速其冰雪融化。故Khan的话既表达了对人们去南极洲的怀疑，也表达了对所产生问题的担心，故选A。 5 6 7 8 6.Which of the following is a major source of soot in Antarctica？ A. Burnt plants. B. Tourist vehicles. C. Black carbon elsewhere. D. Fossil fuels underneath Antarctica. 5 6 7 8 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships... some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe.”可知，南极洲煤烟的主要来源是游客使用的交通工具，故选B。 5 6 7 8 7.What does Nagorski say about soot？ A. It causes Antarctic surface temperature to rise. B. It is increasing in amount because of wind. C. It reflects a large volume of sunlight. D. It is like a big mirror on Earth. 5 6 7 8 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits... speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.”可知，当南极洲表面被覆盖了一层煤烟之后，冰雪的反射效率就会降低，更多的热量就会被地球吸收，从而导致全球变暖，因此A项“它引起南极洲的表面温度上升”正确，故 选A。 5 6 7 8 8.What might Khan do in the future？ A. Help design scientific research regulations. B. Use electric cars for her daily transportation. C. Collect more data about Antarctica. D. Reduce her visits to Antarctica. 5 6 7 8 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But then when we come to the conclusion like this ... for example，or limiting the number of visitors each year.”可知，Khan在重新考虑要多久去一次南极洲，由此可推测出，为了保护当地环境，Khan会减少未来去南极洲的次数，故选D。 5 6 7 8 Ⅳ.完形填空 　　On December 26，2004，a 10-minute-long earthquake with a 9.3 magnitude took place in the Indian Ocean.This earthquake，which is the third 　1　 ever recorded in history，caused powerful tsunamis (海啸) that reached many countries’ 　2　.About 230，000 people were 　3　 by the disaster.Hundreds of thousands of others were injured 　4　 disappeared.One of them is a little 　5　 named Wati. 　　The tsunami 　6　 her hometown of Aceh when she was only 3 years old.Like so many others，the huge waves separated her from her family，and she was 　7　 to an unknown town.After days of 　8　，her family eventually gave up and thought she had 　9　. 　　However，Wati had been 　10　 by a stranger who found her on the street after the tsunami.The stranger had tried to find her family，but Wati could not 　11　 the names of her parents and only knew that she had a grandfather named Ibraham. 　　 　12　 later，a taxi driver who heard Wati’s story happened to know an old man with that name in a nearby town and decided to take her to him.Although the old man did not 　13　 her at first，he took Wati to see his 　14　. 　　“When I saw my mother，I knew it was her，” said the 15-year-old Wati.“I just knew.” 　　The parents recognized their daughter 　15　 because of the birthmark on the body. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在经历地震引起的海啸之后，Wati与家人失散，经过多年后，与家人重聚的故事。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1.A. weakest　　　　　　　　 B. strongest C. quickest D. deepest 答案：B 解析：根据上文“On December 26，2004...in the Indian Ocean.”可知，这次地震是历史上有记录以来第三强的地震。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2.A. castles B. parks C. goals D. shores 答案：D 解析：根据“caused powerful tsunamis”可知，海啸波及了许多国家的海岸。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3.A. frightened B. saved C. killed D. helped 答案：C 解析：根据上文“This earthquake，which...reached many countries’ 2.”可知，由于地震强度大，并引起了海啸，杀死了大约23万人。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4.A. or B. and C. but D. so 答案：A 解析：根据“injured”和“disappeared”可知，受伤和失踪是两种情况，需用or连接。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5.A. boy B. pet C. girl D. town 答案：C 解析：根据下文“when she was only 3 years old”可知，Wati是一个小女孩。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6.A. hit B. cut C. pushed D. missed 答案：A 解析：根据下文“Like so many others，the huge waves separated her from her family”可知，海啸袭击了她的家乡。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7.A. sold B. washed C. invited D. asked 答案：B 解析：根据“the huge waves separated her from her family”可知，她被巨浪冲到了一个不知名的小镇。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8.A. wait B. walk C. fight D. search 答案：D 解析：根据上文“the huge waves separated her from her family”可知，Wati失踪了，因此家人寻找她。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9.A. died B. won C. run away D. checked in 答案：A 解析：根据“After days of 　8　，her family eventually gave up”可知，家人放弃寻找她，认为她已经死了。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10.A. hidden B. rescued C. bought D. refused 答案：B 解析：根据“by a stranger who found her on the street after the tsunami”可知，Wati被一个陌生人救了。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11.A. write B. show C. remember D. see 答案：C 解析：根据“but”和“only knew that she had a grandfather named Ibraham”可知，Wati不记得父母的名字。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12.A. Days B. Weeks C. Months D. Years 答案：D 解析：根据上文“when she was only 3 years old”和“said the 15-year-old Wati”可知，此处表示经过多年以后。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13.A. know B. recognize C. want D. understand 答案：B 解析：根据“Although the old man did not”可知，老人一开始没有认出她。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14.A. daughter B. mother C. son D. father 答案：A 解析：根据“‘When I saw my mother，I knew it was her，’said the 15-year-old Wati.”可知，老人带Wati去见自己的女儿，也就是Wati的妈妈。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15.A. anxiously B. calmly C. officially D. immediately 答案：D 解析：根据“because of the birthmark on the body”可知，Wati的父母因为她身上的胎记立刻认出了她。故选D。 $$