U2 Period Ⅲ Grammar and usage-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第二册 Unit 2　Be sporty， be healthy Period Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 单元语法：Passive voice in the present continuous and present perfect tenses (现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] 第一组 ①It is reported that a new house is being built at present in the disaster area. ②The plan is not being discussed at the meeting now. ③Is the house you bought last month being decorated now? ④What is being done to the machine? 我的发现： 1．以上例句中的时态和语态是_________________________，其谓语构成是： ______________________。 2．以上例句中第①句是该时态的______句式；第②句是______句式；第③句是__________句式；第④句是__________句式。 现在进行时的被动语态 am/is/are＋being done 肯定 否定 一般疑问 特殊疑问 第二组 ①Over time I have been changed quite a lot. ②The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. ③The ink has not been removed from the clothes. ④Have they been sent abroad to study English? ⑤Where has the car been repaired? 我的发现： 1．以上例句中的时态和语态是__________________________。 2．以上例句中第①②句是该时态的______句式；第③句是______句式；第④句是__________句式；第⑤句是______________句式。 现在完成时的被动语态 肯定 否定 一般疑问 特殊疑问 [知识精要] 现在进行时的被动语态 一、概念 现在进行时的被动语态表示主语(某人或某事)“此时此刻正在被进行或遭受”的动作，主语是动作的承受者。 二、构成和形式 1．现在进行时的被动语态的构成：am/is/are＋being done My new house is being decorated.我的新房子正在装修。 2．现在进行时的被动语态的形式 ①肯定式： 主语＋be＋being＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他． Another bridge is being built over the river.这条江上正在修建另一座大桥。 ②否定式： 主语＋be＋not＋being＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他． The engineer is not being treated fairly now.目前这位工程师没有受到公平的待遇。 ③一般疑问式： Be＋主语＋being＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他？ Is the life of pandas being studied by scientists? 科学家们正在研究熊猫的生活习惯吗？ ④特殊疑问式： 特殊疑问词＋be＋主语＋being＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他？ Where is the new science lab being built？新的科技馆正在哪里建造？ 三、用法 1．表示此时此刻正在进行的被动的动作。 My sister is now being interviewed.我妹妹现在正在接受采访。 2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动的动作。 Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.这些天正在进行着许多有趣的实验。(说话时，并不一定正在进行) 3．表示反复进行的被动的动作。 always, frequently, constantly等和现在进行时的被动语态连用时表示反复进行的被动的动作，这种动词形式常用来表示赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is frequently being broken.我感到很吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 [即学即练1]——单句语法填空 ①Now, the problem _________________ (discuss) in the meeting room. ②Wait a minute.The dishes for the dinner ________________ (cook) in the kitchen. ③According to reports, nowadays sharks _______________ (kill) at a surprising rate worldwide per year. is being discussed are being cooked are being killed 现在完成时的被动语态 一、构成和形式 1．肯定式： 主语＋have/has been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他． 2．否定式： 主语＋have/has not been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他． 3．一般疑问式： Have/Has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他？ 4．特殊疑问式： 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他？ 二、用法 1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。 50 five-acre parcels have already been sold.五英亩一块的土地已经售出50块。 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。 Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时。 A few books have been destroyed in the library since last month.自上个月以来，图书馆里的一些书被破坏了。 3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时刻已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You can't go out to play before your homework has been finished.在你的作业完成之前，你不能出去玩。 三、变化 1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 His teacher has already praised him. ＝He has already been praised by his teacher. 他的老师已经表扬过他了。 2．带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。 The company has given him an opportunity to travel abroad recently. ＝He has been given an opportunity to travel abroad recently by the company. ＝An opportunity to travel abroad has been given to him recently by the company. 公司最近给了他一个出国旅游的机会。 [即学即练2]——单句语法填空 ①It's the first time that the old computer ________________ (check) since I bought it. ②Every possible means ____________ (try) to save the injured patient up to now. ③All the preparations for the task _________________ (complete)，and we're ready to start. has been checked has been tried have been completed ④Great changes have taken place in our town because many tall buildings ____________ (set) up. ⑤These new dictionaries are very useful.They sell well and _______________ (sell) out already. have been set have been sold 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.将下列句子改为被动语态 1．The workers could not find the manager anywhere in the factory. →______________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Our government is taking effective measures to control the air pollution. →______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The manager couldn't be found anywhere in the factory by the workers. Effective measures are being taken by our government to control the air pollution. 3．Have you found ways to make waste water clean? →______________________________________________________4．She has already returned this book to the library. →______________________________________________________5．We have seen him lie on the ground. →______________________________________________________ Have ways been found to make waste water clean by you? This book has already been returned to the library by her. He has been seen to lie on the ground by us. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．他们正在为奥运会做准备。 __________________________ for the Olympic Games by them. 2．据报道，河南的那个墓仍然正在被挖掘中。 It is reported that ________________________ in Henan. 3．什么时候去哪里度带薪假还没有决定。 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _________________ yet. Preparations are being made the tomb is still being dug has not been decided 4．虽然我们不知道讨论了什么，但可以感觉到话题变了。 Though we don't know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic ________________． 5．到目前为止，那本书已被翻译成至少20种外语。 That book __________________ into at least 20 foreign languages so far. has been changed has been translated 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The school library ________________ (decorate) these days, so you can't borrow any books from it. 2．It's the first time that the little girl ______________ (take) to the zoo. 3．He is seriously ill，and ________________ (treat) in hospital now. 4．More than 50，000 yuan ____________________ (raise) for the poor family since the group was founded. is being decorated has been taken is being treated has been raised 5．The day __________________ (regard) as the beginning of the holiday shopping season for years. 6．We want to sit at the table near the window but it _______________ (take) already. 7．Till now，three films __________________ (show) in that small village this month. 8．There is so much noise upstairs—a party ________________ (hold) by some young people. has been regarded has been taken have been shown is being held Ⅱ.完成句子 1．那个国家的环境正被严重地污染着，以至于所有人都难以忍受。 The environment in that country ______________________ so badly that all the people can't stand it. 2．男孩们已被多次告知不要在那个湖里游泳，但都没有什么作用。 The boys ________________________ not to swim in that lake, but it doesn't make any difference. is being polluted have been told many times 3．我们很高兴得知李涛因在数学竞赛中取得了高分而被北京大学录取了。 We are glad to be told that Li Tao ________________________ Peking University for his top scores in the Maths Contest. 4．那座桥正在被重建，但我受不了这噪声。 That bridge __________________，but I can't stand the noise. has been admitted to is being rebuilt 5．正在为这个项目筹集资金，我们将能达成预定的目标。 Money __________________ for the project and we will reach the expected goal. is being collected Ⅲ.阅读理解 Simon James is a super-trail runner (越野跑步者) who encourages people to reconnect with nature in the name of exercise.He has completed Super Trail in the Alps, the Andes and the Himalayas.A late-night bet with a client (客户) got him tied to running. “In 2006, a business client challenged me one evening in a bar to a 36-hour walk across 54 miles of the West Highland Way, and I foolishly said ‘yes’，” James said.“He then rang me the next day to tell me we would be running it.” At the time, James was 20 kilograms overweight and the longest he had run before that was just under 8 miles, but he managed to finish that run and has never looked back. According to a report, two-thirds of adults in the U．K.are overweight, one-fifth suffering from depression (抑郁).The huge influence caused by modern lifestyle has worsened these issues.We are aware of the importance of exercise in everyday life, and no amount of virtual meetings can make up for direct social contact.James said, “Only one thing can fix these problems—trail running.” What is unique about trail running, he explained, is that “it reconnects us to our beautiful nature and connects our physical, mental and spiritual aspects, as well as providing us with an experience which can connect us to other people”． Inspired, he quit his city life of working 16-hour-plus-days as a banker, and spent more time in trails and mountains. James is now in charge of the trail running company Run the Wild.He said every run has been a gift following a physical operation in 2015, even though his doctor told that he could hardly run again.He said, “The outdoors is such a great place for us all to experience.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Simon James从与客户的赌约开始自己的越野跑之旅，之后投入这项运动中，成了超级越野跑者，并创办了Run the Wild公司。他感受到这项运动有助于人与自然建立联系，改善身心健康，促进社交联系，因此鼓励人们参与这项运动，重新与自然建立联系。 1．How did Simon James take part in trail running? A．He was inspired by a friend. B．He tried to deal with his health issue. C．He made a bet with a client. D．He had a passion for workout. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Simon James参与越野跑是因为他和客户打了个赌。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 2．What do we know about trail running? A．It focuses largely on overweight British people. B．It has little influence on people's mental health. C．It connects people through virtual community. D．It helps to build the social connection for people. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，越野跑提供了一种将我们与其他人联系起来的体验，即有助于建立人们的社会联系。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 3．Which word can best describe Simon? A．Courageous.　　　　　　 B．Sociable. C．Kind-hearted. D．Determined. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第三段和最后一段中的“He said every run...hardly run again.”可知，虽然当时身体状况不理想，但Simon James第一次进行长距离越野跑就成功坚持了下来，而且在接受手术后也一直在跑步，尽管他的医生告诉他很难再跑步了。所以，他是一个意志坚定的人。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 4．What can be the best title for this text? A．A Unique Experience B．A Trail to Nature C．A Running Wonder D．Depression Disorders 答案：B 2 3 1 4 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章围绕Simon James的越野跑经历展开，他从与客户的赌约开始自己的越野跑之旅，之后投入这项运动中，成了超级越野跑者，并创办了Run the Wild公司。他感受到这项运动有助于人与自然建立联系，改善身心健康，促进社交联系，因此鼓励人们参与这项运动，重新与自然建立联系。因此，B项既概括了Simon James个人的越野跑经历，也体现了他对其他人参与越野跑并亲近自然的期待，最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 Ⅳ.完形填空 At 35，Yong Duckworth is the oldest student at Chrisney Elementary School in Chrisney，Indiana.Duckworth attended first grade last September， 1 to learn English.Since arriving in the US 13 years ago from the Republic of Korea，Duckworth had 2 private teachers and adult (成人) education classes.Nothing 3 ． Then Duckworth called Chrisney headmaster (校长) Leroy Meyer.“I could hardly 4 her，”says Meyer.“The best I could make out was that she 5 someone to help her learn English.She wanted to know the 6 by age 40，so she could open her own business.” After 7 to find a private teacher for Duckworth.Meyer suggested that she attend first grade at Chrisney.Duckworth 8 at once. Duckworth's experiences at Chrisney have been 9 ones.She is as much a mother as a classmate to the other students.During story hour they sit around Duckworth.She asks them to 10 “please” and “thank you”，and hugs (拥抱) them when they need 11 ． Duckworth studied English in junior high but 12 learned to speak fluently.She once opened a clothes shop，but her business failed because of her language problems.“Too much people hurt me because I speak 13 English，”says Duckworth.“In the Republic of Korea I had many people tell me I'm a smart lady.Here broken English makes me 14 ．” These days，her 4-year-old son，Simon，is her main motivation (动机) to learn English.“Duckworth knows she's going to have a challenge (挑战) 15 Simon，”says Duckworth's husband Ben.“He's going to start coming home with questions and she's going to have to be able to answer them.” “I worry some day he asks me，‘Mom，what is this？’If I can't tell him，I'm sad，”says Duckworth. “Duckworth is having a great influence on young students at Chrisney，”Meyer says.“When they see an older person going to school，they realize how important education is.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了35岁的Duckworth在克里斯尼小学与孩子们一起学习英语的故事。 2 3 1 4 1．A.promising B．hoping C．hating D．refusing 答案：B 句意：Duckworth去年9月上了一年级，希望学习英语。promise承诺；hope希望；hate讨厌；refuse拒绝。根据“Duckworth attended first grade last September”和第二段中“she 5 someone to help her learn English”可知，Duckworth希望学习英语。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.forgotten B．noticed C．tried D．continued 答案：C 句意：13年前从韩国来到美国的Duckworth曾尝试过私人教师辅导和成人教育课。forget忘记；notice注意到；try尝试；continue继续。根据“private teachers and adult education classes”可知，Duckworth尝试过私人教师辅导和成人教育课。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.appeared B．happened C．mattered D．worked 答案：D 句意：但没什么效果。appear出现；happen发生；matter要紧；work奏效。根据上文和下文“Then Duckworth called Chrisney headmaster Leroy Meyer.”可知，Duckworth尝试过私人教师辅导和成人教育课，但是都没有奏效，最后只能向学校校长Leroy Meyer求助。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.accept B．remember C．understand D．believe 答案：C 句意：“我几乎听不懂她的话，”Meyer说。accept接受；remember记住；understand理解；believe相信。根据“The best I could make out”可知，校长听不懂Duckworth所说的话。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.wanted B．invited C．forced D．encouraged 答案：A 句意：我仅仅能理解她想要有人帮她学英语。want想要；invite邀请；force强迫；encourage鼓励。根据下文“She wanted to know”可知，Duckworth想要一个人帮助她学英语。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.school B．language C．students D．teachers 答案：B 句意：她想在40岁的时候学会英语，这样她就可以开自己的公司了。school学校；language语言；student学生；teacher老师。根据上文“help her learn English”可知，Duckworth想要在40岁学会英语这门语言。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.deciding B．managing C．failing D．regretting 答案：C 句意：在为Duckworth寻找私人教师失败之后，Meyer建议她去克里斯尼读一年级。decide决定；manage(设法)完成；fail失败；regret后悔。根据下文“Meyer suggested that she attend first grade at Chrisney.”可知，寻找私人教师失败了。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.returned B．stopped C．doubted D．agreed 答案：D 句意：Duckworth立刻同意了。return返回；stop停止；doubt怀疑；agree同意。根据“Duckworth's experiences at Chrisney have been 9 ones.”可知，Duckworth同意了校长的提议。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.common B．happy C．correct D．awful 答案：B 句意：Duckworth在克里斯尼的经历很愉快。common常见的；happy开心的；correct正确的；awful糟糕的。根据下文“She is as much a mother as a classmate to the other students.During story hour they sit around Duckworth.”可知，Duckworth在小学的生活是开心的。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.say B．suggest C．report D．discuss 答案：A 句意：她让孩子们说“请”和“谢谢”，并在他们需要安慰时拥抱他们。say说；suggest建议；report报道；discuss讨论。根据“please”及“thank you”可知，此处表示说礼貌用语。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.comfort B．pleasure C．advice D．service 答案：A 句意同上一题。comfort安慰；pleasure乐趣；advice建议；service服务。根据“hugs”可知，孩子们需要安慰时，Duckworth会给他们拥抱。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.also B．already C．only D．never 答案：D 句意：Duckworth在初中时学过英语，但从未学会流利地说英语。also也；already已经；only仅仅；never从不。根据下文“She once opened a clothes shop，but her business failed because of her language problems.”可知，Duckworth从没有学会流利地说英语。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.modern B．same C．poor D．simple 答案：C 句意：Duckworth说：“太多的人因为我英语说得不好而伤害我。”modern现代的；same相同的；poor不擅长的；simple简单的。根据“because of her language problems”可知，Duckworth对于英语是不熟悉、不擅长的。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.down B．big C．through D．hot 答案：A 句意：在这里，蹩脚的英语让我低落。down情绪低落的；big大的；through直通的；hot炎热的。根据“broken English”可知，蹩脚的英语让Duckworth感到失落和沮丧。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.ordering B．raising C．changing D．hearing 答案：B 句意：Duckworth知道，她养育Simon将会是一个挑战。order命令；raise养育；change改变；hear听见。结合本段中的“her 4-year-old son，Simon，is her main motivation to learn English”可知，Duckworth心里明白，对她来说，英语水平不高，养育儿子将会具有挑战性。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了锻炼的很多积极作用，比如减压、缓和关系、防止脑功能退化和提高睡眠质量等。 Working out helps you deal with stress in your job, relationships or any area of life.It is 1. (possible) because exercise is a form of stress itself and helps your body deal with it 2. a better way.Australian researchers found that those 3. did 30 minutes of aerobic exercise three times a week responded better to stress and had 4. (low) blood pressure. 1．考查词性转换。句意： 这可能是因为锻炼本身就是一种压力，可以帮助你的身体更好地应对压力。设空处修饰because引导的原因状语从句，应用副词。故填possibly。 答案：possibly 2．考查介词。句意同上。in a better way意为“以一种更好的方式”。故填in。 答案：in 3．考查定语从句。句意： 澳大利亚研究人员发现，每周进行三次30分钟有氧运动的人对压力的反应更好，血压也更低。空处引导定语从句，先行词those，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 答案：who 4．考查形容词的比较级。句意同上。空处和better并列，需填形容词的比较级作定语。故填lower。 答案：lower Even 5. little exercise, from an easy 10-minute walk to intense aerobics, seems to decrease your feeling of anxiety.Exercise 6. (routine) make you smarter now and lessen the possibility 7. you'll lose brain function at your age.According to a recent animal study, exercise can actually help the brain develop new cells.In the last few years, it 8. (show) in several studies that regular aerobic exercise can improve the quality of sleep.Naturally, this can make you less tired and be able to function better during the day. 5．考查冠词。句意： 即使是很小的运动，从简单的10分钟步行到剧烈的有氧运动，似乎也能减少你的焦虑感。根据下文的“from an easy 10-minute walk to intense aerobics (从10分钟的步行到高强度的有氧运动)”可知，这里指的是“一点儿锻炼”。exercise作“锻炼”讲时是不可数名词，用a little表示“一点，稍微”。 故填a。 答案：a 6．考查名词的单复数。句意： 日常锻炼让你现在更聪明，减少你在这个年龄失去大脑功能的可能性。空处需填名词作主语，routine为可数名词，结合“make”可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填routines。 答案：routines 7．考查同位语从句。句意同上。设空处引导的从句是possibility的同位语从句，解释其内容，并且从句中不缺少任何成分。故填that。 答案：that 8．考查动词的时态和语态。句意： 在过去的几年里，一些研究表明，有规律的有氧运动可以改善睡眠质量。根据句子的时间状语“In the last few years”可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时，句子真正的主语是that regular aerobic exercise can improve the quality of sleep，it为形式主语，show与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此处要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been shown。 答案：has been shown Finally, there's one more reason to keep 9. (exercise).When you work out regularly, your body simply functions better and you are healthier and less likely 10. (suffer) painful physical condition. 9．考查非谓语动词。句意： 最后，还有一个坚持锻炼的理由。keep doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“坚持做某事”。故填exercising。 答案：exercising 10．考查非谓语动词。句意： 当你经常锻炼时，你的身体机能会更好，你会更健康，就更不容易遭受身体上的痛苦了。be likely to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“很可能做某事”。故填to suffer。 答案：to suffer $$