U1 Period 1 Understanding ideas—Reading-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册同步导学案配套PPT课件（外研版）

选择性必修第四册 Unit 1　Looking forwards 【单元知识目标】 核心单词 ambition; correspondent; detective; ultimately; participation; complex; commercial; symbolize; alternative; arise; circumstance; mixture; affection; qualified; fluency; sincerely; refreshment; shift 重点短语 take action; in the face of; come one's way; be forced to do; take a leaf out of/from one's book; make up one's mind; pass up; have second thoughts; put off; reject...out of hand; weigh up; insight into; on a daily basis; arise from; turn down 单元语法 复习动词时态 写作任务 申请信 【单元话题词汇】 Period 1　Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 必备知识 自主学习 课时作业 巩固提升 必备知识 自主学习 Facing the Future For many of us，it's something we already have experienced.One moment，we are lying comfortably in bed，about to fall into a deep sleep.The next，our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future.Will we get into the school of our choice①？ What will we be doing in ten years' time？Can we Part 1　教材原文助读 become the person we really want to be? In the face of ② such questions，how should we approach the future③？ Can we take action④ to shape⑤ it，or should we just accept whatever comes our way⑥？ “find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处用现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表示主动和动作正在进行。 ①of sb.'s choice某人自己选择(或选定)的，常作后置定语。 ②in the face of面对 ③approach the future走近未来 ④take action采取行动 ⑤shape 熟词生义 vt.影响……的发展，决定……的形成 ⑥come one's way意外落在某人头上，偶尔发生在某人身上 面对未来 我们许多人都有过这样的经历。前一刻，我们正惬意地躺在床上，即将进入深度睡眠。但下一刻，我们就睁开了双眼，发现自己在思考，甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的事情——未来。我们能进入心仪的学校吗？十年之后我们会在做什么？我们能够成为真正想成为的人吗？面对这些疑问，我们应该如何走近未来呢？我们能采取行动去影响未来吗？还是应该全然接受现实给予我们的一切？ As many of us already know，having plans in place⑦ for the future is no guarantee⑧ that they will become reality.In this respect⑨，some people are more fortunate than others，as can be illustrated⑩ by comparing the lives of two famous authors，born 40 years apart⑪.Although they shared⑫ the same ambitious⑬ and energetic approach to life⑭，their careers unfolded in contrasting⑮ ways. 本句是主从复合句。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句并在从句中作宾语。主句是主系表结构，v.­ing短语having plans...future作主语，that引导的同位语从句对guarantee作解释说明。 画线部分是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代前面整个主句的内容并在从句中作主语。过去分词短语born 40 years apart作two famous authors的后置定语，相当于定语从句who were born 40 years apart。 ⑦in place准备就绪；在正确位置，准备妥当 We've got a couple of new projects in place.我们有几个准备好的新方案。 [拓展]　out of place不适当；位置不当 ⑧guarantee n．[C]& vt.保证，担保 ⑨in this respect在这方面 [拓展]　in all respects在各个方面(都) ⑩illustrate vt.说明，解释 illustration n．[U]图解，例释；[C]插图 ⑪apart adv.(指空间或时间)相隔，相距 ⑫share 熟词生义vt.& vi. 有同样的感情(或想法、经历等) ⑬ambitious adj.有野心的，有雄心的 ⑭approach to life生活方式，生活态度 ⑮contrasting adj.极不相同的，差异大的 正如我们许多人都已经知道的那样，为未来做好计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。在这方面，一些人比其他人更幸运，通过比较两位年龄相差40岁的著名作家的生活就能证明这一点。虽然他们面对生活时都有同样远大的志向，而且精力充沛，但他们的职业生涯的发展却截然不同。  The American author，Ernest Hemingway，born in 1899，was from early boyhood⑯ single­minded⑰ in his ambition to write.On leaving high school，he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee⑱ reporter.He went on to become foreign correspondent⑲ for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary⑳ experiences in Europe and later Cuba to inform㉑ his writing.In his words，“I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.” Having set himself this goal， he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War，the Spanish Civil War，bullfighting㉒ and deep­sea fishing，amongst others㉓.His novel The Old Man and the Sea，about the three­day epic㉔ struggle between an elderly㉕ fisherman and the biggest fish he had ever caught，won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. on/upon doing...表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。表示“一……就……”的其他方式：immediately/directly/instantly/once＋句子；the moment/minute/instant＋句子；no sooner...than...；hardly/scarcely...when...。 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于After he had set himself this goal. 省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词fish。先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词宜用that，不用which。 ⑯boyhood/'bɔIhʊd/n.[U](男性的)童年时期，少年时代 [构词法]　­hood是名词后缀，表示“……的状态(或性质)”。如childhood儿童时期，manhood成年(时期)。 ⑰single­minded adj.一心一意的，专心致志的 [构词法]　single­minded是“形容词＋名词­ed形式”构成的复合形容词，常见的还有：short­sighted近视的，warm­hearted热心肠的，good­tempered脾气好的。 ⑱trainee/ˌtreI'niː/n.[C]接受工作培训的人，实习生 trainer n．[C]教员 [构词法]　名词后缀­ee表示“受动者，受益者”，注意与­er的区别。 ⑲correspondent/ˌkɒrI'spɒndənt/n.[C]通讯员，记者 ⑳extraordinary adj. 不一般的，非凡的，卓越的 ㉑inform 熟词生义 vt.对……有影响 ㉒bullfighting/'bʊlfaItIŋ/n.[U]斗牛 bullfighter n．[C]斗牛士 ㉓amongst others其中包括，除了别的以外 amongst prep.在……当中(同among) ㉔epic adj.艰苦卓绝的，漫长而艰难的；史诗般的 ㉕elderly adj.上了年纪的(与old同义) the elderly(＝the old)老人，上了年纪的人 美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年，他从小立志，一心一意想要写作。高中一毕业，他就进入堪萨斯州当地的一家报社做见习记者。此后，他又成为《多伦多星报》的一名驻外记者，根据在欧洲和后来在古巴的独特经历进行创作。用他的话来说，“我决定把我知道的每一件事都写成一个故事。”在立下这一目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛表演和深海捕鱼等事件中的亲身经历，创作了许多小说和短篇故事。他的小说《老人与海》讲述了一位老渔民与一条他捕过的最大的鱼进行了三天艰苦卓绝的搏斗的故事。这部小说于1953年获得普利策小说奖。海明威后来还荣获了诺贝尔文学奖。 By contrast㉖，the young Arthur Conan Doyle，born in Scotland in 1859，had originally worked as a doctor.But Doyle's main ambition was to become a writer of historical㉗ novels.Although some of his historical novels were published，their success was nothing compared to㉘ the stories of his fictional㉙ detective㉚，Sherlock Holmes，which he is still best known for to this day. Interestingly，Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice㉛ in London.After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name，Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to㉜ writing.He still longed to㉝ become known for his historical novels amongst other academic works.The public，however，couldn't get enough of ㉞ Sherlock Holmes.In desperation㉟，Doyle killed off ㊱ the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on㊲ his “serious” writing. However，fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle，under immense pressure㊳，was forced to㊴ bring Holmes back from the dead㊵.Doyle's many historical novels，plays，poems and academic papers have remained largely forgotten，but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining㊶ readers for well over a century㊷. while引导的时间状语从句，while表示“在……期间，当……的时候”。 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a novel。 so that引导的目的状语从句。 ㉖by contrast相比之下 [拓展]　in contrast to 与……相比 ㉗historical/hI'stɒrIk(ə)l/adj.历史题材的；有关历史研究的；(有关)历史的 historical background历史背景 historical documents/research史学文献/研究 historical novels/fiction历史小说 ㉘be nothing compared to...与……相比不值一提 compared to/with...与……相比(作状语) can't/don't compare to/with...不能和……相比 ㉙fictional adj.虚构的，小说(中)的 fiction n．[U]小说 romantic fiction言情小说 ㉚detective/dI'tektIv/n.[C]私家侦探；警探 a detective story/novel侦探故事/小说 ㉛medical practice诊所 practice 熟词生义 n．[U，C](医生、律师的)工作，业务活动，工作地点 a dental/law practice牙医诊所/律师事务所 ㉜devote oneself to(＝be devoted to)致力于，献身于 ㉝long to do sth.渴望做某事 long vi.渴望 ㉞can't get enough of...对……如痴如狂 [拓展]　enough构成的常见搭配： have had enough(of...)(对……)已厌烦透了，受够了 sure enough果然，果真 that's enough行了(用于让某人停止做某事) ㉟in desperation绝望之际，在走投无路的情况下 ㊱kill off除掉，使某事物停止，排除 ㊲focus on集中于 ㊲focus on集 ㊳under immense pressure在巨大的压力下 immense adj.极大的，巨大的 ㊴be forced to do sth.被迫做某事 force vt.强迫，迫使；强行，用力n.[U]武力，暴力；权力，效力；[C]部队 ㊵bring...back from the dead使……起死回生 ㊶entertain vt.& vi.使有兴趣，使快乐；招待，款待 entertain sb.with...用……使某人快乐 ㊷well over a century远超过一个世纪 well adv.大大地，远远地。此处用作程度副词。 Though both of these men were ultimately㊸ successful，their paths to success㊹ were very different，their futures not necessarily turning out㊺ exactly as they planned 10 .So，whatever twists and turns㊻ you might encounter㊼ 11，take a leaf out of the books of ㊽ these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected㊾.As renowned tech innovator Steve Jobs once said，“You can't connect the dots㊿ looking forward 12；you can only connect them looking backwards 51 13 . So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.” 10 独立主格结构，其中as引导方式状语从句。 11 whatever引导的让步状语从句，whatever相当于no matter what。 12 13 现在分词短语作状语。 ㊸ultimately/'ʌltImItli/adv.最后，最终 ultimate adj.最后的，最终的 ultimate goal/target最终的目的/目标 ㊹paths to success成功之路 ㊺turn out……地发展(或发生)，结果…… ㊻twists and turns迂回曲折 ㊼encounter vt.& n．[C]遭遇，邂逅 ㊽take a leaf from/out of the book of sb.＝take a leaf from/out of sb.'s book效仿，模仿(成功之人的举止和行为) ㊾the unexpected意外事件 [拓展]　“the＋adj.”表示一类人或物，如the rich富人，the right正确的事。 ㊿dot/dɒt/n.[C]点，小圆点 51 backwards/'bækwədz/adv.往回，往前面 [拓展]　look backwards回顾过去，向后看 backwards and forwards来来回回 Part 2　语篇研析 1．Read the text and match the main idea with each paragraph. A．Everyone has their way to success. B．Doyle was disappointed with the success of his Holmes stories. C．Doyle's main writing ambition. D．Hemingway achieved his ambition to become a writer. E．Having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. F．What we are most concerned about in life. Para.1____　Para.2____　Para.3____　Para.4____　Para.5____　Para.6____ F E D C B A 2．What's the main idea of the text? A．How to choose future jobs. B．Different people do different jobs. C．Various possibilities for future development. D．People should be optimistic about the future. 答案：C 1．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．As long as we have plans，we must have a great future. B．Even if we have plans，there's no guarantee of our future. C．Our future is determined by luck. D．All successful writers have the same ambition. 答案：B 2．What were Hemingway's novels and stories based on? A．His own experiences. B．Others' experiences. C．Material from books. D．News from newspapers. 答案：A 3．Why did Doyle kill off his famous detective in his novel? A．To bring in a new character. B．To satisfy the readers. C．To focus on his historical novels. D．To make more money. 答案：C 4．What can we learn from the story of Doyle? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Rome was not built in a day. C．Where there is a will，there is a way. D．The future may not turn out exactly as we planned. 答案：D 5．What's the purpose of the text? A．To prove that future doesn't necessarily turn out as planned. B．To call on readers to read their books. C．To compare the differences between the two authors. D．To tell readers to prepare for future whatever happens. 答案：D 1．In this respect，some people are more fortunate than others，as can be illustrated by comparing the lives of two famous authors，born 40 years apart. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。as引导 从句，修饰前面整个句子；“born 40 years apart”为过去分词短语作_______ ，修饰authors。 [翻译]　_________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 非限制性定语 后置定 语 在这方面，一些人比其他人更幸运，通过比较两位年龄相差40岁的著名作家的生活就能证明这一点。 2．Having set himself this goal，he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War，the Spanish Civil War，bullfighting and deep­sea fishing，amongst others. [句式分析]　本句的主干为“he wrote novels and short stories”；“Having set himself this goal”为现在分词的完成式作 ；“based on his...fishing”为过去分词短语作 ，修饰novels and short stories。 状语 后置定语 [翻译]　_________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 在立下这一目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛表演和深海捕鱼等事件中的亲身经历，创作了许多小说和短篇故事。 3．Although some of his historical novels were published，their success was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional detective，Sherlock Holmes，which he is still best known for to this day. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中although引导 从句；“compared to the stories of his fictional detective”为过去分词短语作 ；“which he...this day”为which引导的 从句，修饰the stories。 让步状语 状语 非限制性定语 [翻译]　_________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 虽然他的一些历史小说被出版了，但其成就与他虚构出来的侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事相比微不足道。直到现在，他最广为人知的作品仍是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事。 4．Though both of these men were ultimately successful，their paths to success were very different，their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned. [句式分析]　本句的主干为“their paths to success were very different”；句中though引导 从句；“their futures not necessarily turning out exactly”为独立主格结构作 ；“as they planned”为as引导的 从句。 [翻译]　_________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 让步状语 状语 方式状语 虽然这两个人最终都获得了成功，但他们的成功之路截然不同，他们的未来也不一定完全如他们当初所计划的那样。 As many of us already know，having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become 1.______ (real). The American author，Ernest Hemingway，born in 1899，was from early boyhood single­minded in his ambition to write.Having set 2._______ (he) this goal，he wrote novels and short 3.________ (story) based on his personal experiences. His novel The Old Man and reality himself stories the Sea 4._____ (win) the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 5．___ contrast，the young Arthur Conan Doyle，born in Scotland in 1859，had originally worked as 6.___ doctor.But Doyle's main ambition was 7.__________ (become) a writer of historical novels.Although some of his historical novels were published，their success was nothing 8._________ (compare) to the stories of his fictional detective，Sherlock Holmes，9.______ he is still best known for to this day. won By a to become compared which Though both of these men were 10._________ (ultimate) successful，their paths to success were very different，their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned. ultimately 课时作业 巩固提升 阅读理解 A I major in Mechanical Engineering and Political Science.When someone hears what I study，I'm usually met with two reactions.The first is a small smile with the word “overachiever” on the tip of their tongue.The second is a look of confusion，followed by an exaggerated (夸张的) “Why？” The short answer: I want to be a problem solver，and engineering teaches me how to become that type of person.In addition，I also want to be able to look at the bigger picture. It's the beginning of a new year，and numerous first­years have plans for double or triple majors.However，as most of us quickly realize after that first fall semester，college is a lot! We are unavoidably forced to make up our minds—do we keep trying to make our double or triple majors work or do we completely switch gears? The thing I wished someone told me on day one is that if you're passionate about something，it's not going to feel like work.Political Science can be challenging，but to me，it's fun to read the Constitution (宪法) and see the impact each word has on our interpretation. This may sound hard to accept，but if you are double or triply majoring because you think you're in a race with your peers，you're only running yourself into the ground.Don't double or triply major if you are doing it for a mark on your résumé (简历) ultimately，because then your life will be a living hell for the next four years.What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have—whether it is in your study，your career，or something else your study and career will enable you to do. Always think about your “why” when it comes to the schedule double or triple majors entail，because at the end of the day，it's going to be you doing the homework—so try to enjoy what you're doing along the ride for what it's worth. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了大学生不要为了竞争而盲目地选择多个专业，而是要因为热情而去选择多个专业。 2 3 1 4 1．How do people tend to feel about the author's majors? A．Satisfied or confused. B．Amazed or concerned. C．Impressed or puzzled. D．Ashamed or challenged. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。结合第一段第二、三、四句“When someone hears...‘Why？’”可知，人们对作者所学专业的两种反应是“a small smile with the word ‘overachiever’ on the tip of their tongue”和“a look of confusion，followed by an exaggerated‘Why？’”，即赞美和困惑。对比选项可知，C项“印象深刻的或困惑的”符合文义，且C项中的puzzled (困惑的)与第一段中的confusion (困惑)对应。故选C。 2 3 1 4 2．What enables the author to enjoy learning Political Science? A．His enthusiasm for the major. B．His career planning for the future. C．The influence of learning engineering. D．The value of studying the Constitution. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。结合第二段最后一句“Political Science can be challenging，but to me，it's fun to read...and see...”和第三段最后一句“What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have...”可知，是热情使得作者喜欢学习政治学。A项中的“enthusiasm”与第三段最后一句中的“passion”是近义词，也对应第二段最后一句中的fun。故选A。 2 3 1 4 3．What causes the hard situation of students with multiple majors? A．Adjusting the schedule for majors constantly. B．Pursuing multiple majors out of competitive motivation. C．Making random choices without sufficient consideration. D．Estimating the difficulty of multiple majoring inaccurately. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but if you are double or triply majoring because you think you're in a race with your peers，you're only running yourself into the ground”和“Don't double or triply major if you are doing it for a mark on your résumé ultimately，because then your life will be a living hell for the next four years.”可知，在作者看来，选择多个专业让大学生们处于糟糕状况中的原因是他们只是为了跟同龄人竞争。B项中的“out of competitive motivation”是 “in a race with...”和“for a mark on your résumé”的语义转换。故选B。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To promote the concept of multiple majoring. B．To explain the reasons for choosing a double major. C．To compare the gains and losses of multiple majoring. D．To stress the significance of passion in multiple majoring. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。通过作者选多个专业的事例，再结合第三段最后一句“What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have—whether it is in your study，your career，or something else...”和最后一段中的“Always think about your ‘why’ when it comes to the schedule double or triple majors entail”和“try to enjoy what you're doing along the ride for what it's worth”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议人们要带着热情去选择专业。D项“为了强调热情在主修多专业这件事上的重要性”符合文义，故选D。 B Until decades ago，our visions of the future were largely positive.We thought science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity，leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.However，as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us，from epidemic flu to climate change，we might even tend to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. Yet such depression is misplaced.The fossil record shows that many species have existed for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a look at our species in the universe，and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens of thousands of years.Look up Homo sapiens (智人) in the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)，and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern because the species is widely distributed，adaptable，currently increasing，and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.” So what does our deep future hold? Many researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about the question.The potential evolution of today's technology is complicated，so it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the possibilities of the bright future. Our future is quite rosy because it shows many promising possibilities of achievement.Besides，we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans and to improve those to come.Take a longer view and we can say with considerable assurance that the past holds the key to the future: by analyzing the past，we can make evidence­based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants (后代) will find themselves. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章从几个方面论述了人类的未来是光明灿烂的。 5 6 7 8 5．What can we know about human beings according to IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species? A．They control the world's development. B．They severely threaten the environment. C．They are strong enough to continue existing. D．Their overall population will decrease. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Look up Homo sapiens in the ‘Red List’ of threatened species...there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”可知，世界自然保护联盟的《濒危物种红色名录》提到人类足够强大，可以继续生存下去。 5 6 7 8 6．What does the underlined word “rosy” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Dangerous.　　　　　　　 B．Annoying. C．Hopeful. D．Undisturbed. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“because it shows many promising possibilities of achievement”可推知，画线词rosy意为“有希望的”，与hopeful同义。 5 6 7 8 7．What should we do to ensure the future of mankind? A．Explore our planet's abundant resources. B．Draw upon our experience from the past. C．Build our ambition to reshape history. D．Increase the population of the world. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Take a longer view and we can say with considerable assurance that the past holds the key to the future”可知，我们应该通过借鉴过去的经验来确保人类的未来。 5 6 7 8 8．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．The Bright and Promising Future of Mankind B．Science and Technology Connected with Humans C．The Fully and Highly Evolved Human Species D．Different Researches Conducted on Our Future 答案：A 5 6 7 8 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段第一句“Until decades ago，our visions of the future were largely positive.”和最后一段第一句“Our future is quite rosy because it shows many promising possibilities of achievement.”可知，文章论述的是人类光明灿烂的未来，A项最适合作为本文的标题。 $$