U3 Period 4 Developing ideas & Other parts-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册同步导学案配套PPT课件（外研版）

选择性必修第四册 Unit 3　The world meets China Period 4　Developing ideas & Other parts 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 精读课文 理解语篇 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 关键能力 互动探究 进阶提升 写作微练 精读课文 理解语篇 READING CHINA The world of Chinese literature is one that is familiar to us all.But have you ever stopped to wonder what works are read outside of China and how they are received？ Today，four Sinologists① and translators share their experience of Chinese literature with us.They are： Part 1　教材原文助读 Petko，aged 43 from Bulgaria Annelous，aged 34 from the Netherlands Joachim，aged 25 from France Mai，aged 28 from Egypt 本句是主从复合句。what和how引导宾语从句，作wonder的并列宾语。 ①Sinologist/saI'nɒlədʒIst/n.[C]汉学家 解读中国 我们都对中国文学再熟悉不过了。可你有没有停下来想过，在中国以外的地方，人们都读过哪些中国文学作品？这些作品受到怎样的评价？今天，四位汉学家、译者将与我们分享他们有关中国文学的经历。他们是： 佩特科，43岁，来自保加利亚 安妮鲁斯，34岁，来自荷兰 若阿基姆，25岁，来自法国 马伊，28岁，来自埃及 Q1：How did you get interested in Chinese literature? Petko：It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy—The Shaolin Temple②.That movie gave me so many reasons to fall in love with③China.I was amazed by Chinese kung fu④，of course—everyone loves kung fu，don't they? I also thought the Chinese language sounded so beautiful，and I found that I liked Chinese music，too—I just loved the movie's theme tune⑤，Song of the Shepherd⑥. Annelous：I became interested in languages at a young age.When I started high school，I began reading books about Chinese history and culture，and this inspired me to choose Chinese Studies⑦ as my academic major⑧ at university. Joachim：When I was 15 years old，my mother bought me a copy of the classic Shi Ji，or Records of the Grand Historian.Prior to⑨ that，the only great historical works I had been exposed to⑩ were Homer's epic poems.Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter⑪ with Chinese classical literature.After reading it，I realised the true genius⑫ of China's “Grand Historian”，Sima Qian.His writing had a profound effect on⑬ me，and I have this to thank for my passion⑭ for Chinese literature. Mai：I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature when I started working as a translator⑮.Most of the translated works of literature in Egypt are from the English­speaking world，so reading Chinese literature was a stimulating and inspiring experience. Q2：How do you select works to translate? Petko：I particularly like classical Chinese literature，especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties.I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber ⑯ the first time I read it，and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian.Now that this dream has come true， my next goal is to translate The Romance⑰ of the Three Kingdoms⑱. the first time引导时间状语从句。 Now that引导原因状语从句。 不定式短语作表语，解释主语内容。 ②temple/'temp(ə)l/n.[C]庙宇，寺院 Shaolin Temple少林寺 ③fall in love with爱上(表示动作) [辨析]　be in love with爱上……(表示状态) ④Chinese kung fu中国功夫 ⑤theme tune主题曲 tune/tjuːn/n.[C]曲调，旋律 ⑥shepherd/'ʃepəd/n.[C]牧羊人 ⑦Chinese Studies汉学 ⑧academic major主修专业 ⑨prior to在……之前，先于…… prior/'praIə/adj.先前的；较早的 It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting crops.种庄稼之前给土壤施肥很重要。 ⑩be exposed to接触，体验 expose vt.使接触，使体验 ⑪encounter n．[C]相遇，邂逅；遭遇；冲突 vt.偶然碰到；遭遇(尤指令人不快或困难的事) an encounter with...与……的相遇 encounter problems/difficulties遇到问题/困难 [拓展]　(1)表示“偶然碰到”的短语还有：come across，run across (2)表示“遇到(困难)”的短语还有：meet with ⑫genius/'dʒiːniəs/n.[C]天才；[U]天才，天赋 ⑬have a profound effect on...对……有重大影响 ⑭passion n．[C]酷爱；[C，U]激情 have a passion for...对……的强烈爱好，酷爱…… ⑮translator n．[C]翻译家 [词链]　translate (vt.& vi.翻译)—translation(n.[U]翻译)—translator(n.) ⑯chamber/'tʃeImbə/n.[C]房间 ⑰romance/rəʊ'mæns/n.[C]传奇故事 ⑱kingdom/'kIŋdəm/n.[C]王国 问题1：你是怎么对中国文学产生兴趣的？ 佩特科：一切都要从我小时候看的一部叫《少林寺》的电影说起。那部电影给了我很多让我爱上中国的理由。我当然为中国功夫所叹服——人人都喜欢功夫，不是吗？我还觉得中文听起来那么美，而且我发现我也喜欢中国的音乐——我特别喜欢那部电影的主题曲《牧羊曲》。 安妮鲁斯：我从小就对语言感兴趣。上高中的时候，我开始读中国历史和文化方面的书，这鼓舞我在大学选择了主修汉学专业。 若阿基姆：我15岁的时候，妈妈给我买了一本经典名著《史记》。在那之前，我唯一接触过的历史巨作是《荷马史诗》。《史记》是我接触的第一部中国经典文学作品。阅读《史记》后，我领略了中国“太史公”司马迁的真正才华。他的文章对我影响很大，我也因此十分喜爱中国文学。 马伊：我开始从事翻译工作后，渐渐爱上了中国文学。埃及大多数文学译作来自英语国家，所以阅读中国文学作品是振奋人心、令人鼓舞的经历。 问题2：你是如何选择作品来翻译的？ 佩特科：我特别喜欢中国古典文学，尤其是明清时期的作品。我第一次读到《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。既然这个梦想已经实现了，我的下一个目标是翻译《三国演义》。 Annelous：In the Netherlands，the decision as to⑲ which works of Chinese literature get translated is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists.In addition⑳，publishing houses㉑ tend to㉒ look to㉓ other countries to see which Chinese works have sold well there.I've so far translated the writings of several young Chinese authors，and I'm looking forward to their new works. Joachim: I just go with what I like and what I am interested in.I've translated some poems by Dai Wangshu.Right now，I'm doing research into popular literature in Shanghai at the start of the 20th century. Mai：I don't care if a writer is popular or not.What interests me most is the work itself.I've translated some works by authors such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin.I also keep a close eye on㉔ what's being self­published online by new，young authors—they have some good ideas. 画线部分的句子主干是the decision is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists; as to...translated属于介词短语作后置定语，修饰decision; which works of Chinese literature get translated是which引导的宾语从句，作as to的宾语。 ⑲as to关于 Medical opinions differ as to how to treat the disease.关于如何治疗这种疾病医学界有不同的看法。 ⑳in addition另外 [辨析]　in addition to除了……(＝besides) [近义表达]　moreover，furthermore，what's more等 ㉑publishing house出版社 ㉒tend to do sth.往往会/常常做某事 ㉓look to指望 For truly great men，look to this age alone.数风流人物，还看今朝。 ㉔keep a close eye on密切注意；照看，留神 安妮鲁斯：在荷兰，受敬重的汉学家的意见在很大程度上影响翻译中国文学作品的选择。此外，出版社往往会参考在其他国家哪些中国作品畅销。到目前为止，我已经翻译了许多年轻中国作家的作品，很期待他们的新作品。 若阿基姆：我(翻译作品)只是随着喜好和兴趣走。我翻译过戴望舒的一些诗歌。现在，我正在研究20世纪初上海的通俗文学。 马伊：我不在乎一个作家是否受欢迎。作品本身才最吸引我。我翻译过席慕蓉和毕淑敏等作家的一些作品。我还密切关注新的年轻作者自己在网上发表的作品——他们有一些不错的想法。 Q3：Which works by Chinese writers are popular in your country? Petko：Thirty­six Stratagems㉕ has sold more than 1，000 copies in Bulgaria.When you consider that here the best a writer can usually hope for is to sell a few hundred copies of their work，Thirty­six Stratagems is a best­seller in Bulgaria！ Annelous：Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands，and they are well­received.The people that buy and read these books do so because they want to learn more about Chinese culture and everyday life in China.On the whole，I do have to admit that here，people's knowledge of Chinese literature is rather limited. 画线部分是主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句When you...their work，从句中的consider后是that引导的宾语从句；在宾语从句中，a writer can usually hope for是定语从句，修饰先行词the best。to sell...work是不定式短语作表语。 画线部分是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语(过去分词)”结构，publish与more works之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。 that引导定语从句，修饰the people。 do强调谓语部分have to admit。 ㉕stratagem/'strætədʒəm/n.[C]策略，计谋 Thirty­six Stratagems 《三十六计》 问题3：中国作家的哪些作品在贵国较受欢迎？ 佩特科：《三十六计》在保加利亚卖出了一千多本。当你考虑到，在保加利亚，作者通常期待他们作品卖出的最高数量也才几百本，《三十六计》算是畅销书了！ 安妮鲁斯：每年都有中国作家的更多作品在荷兰出版，它们很受欢迎。人们购买和阅读这些书籍是想要更多地了解中国文化和日常生活。总的来说，我的确不得不承认，在荷兰，人们对中国文学的了解相当有限。 Joachim：Many works by modern writers such as Lu Xun and Shen Congwen have been translated into French.And the novels of some contemporary writers also sell quite well in France.Literature has a lot of significance to the French，and Chinese literary works tend to be highly thought of㉖. Mai：Egyptians like literature that reflects human nature㉗ and experience.A couple of good examples of this are “Fond Memories of Autumn” by Shi Tiesheng and “Street Scene” by Zhou Guoping.I think Egypt and China are closely connected and both have a lot in common.Because of this，Chinese literary works really strike a chord㉘ in the hearts of Egyptian readers. ㉖think highly of...高度评价…… ㉗human nature n．[U]人性 ㉘strike a chord引起共鸣 chord n．[C]和弦；弦 文化采风 1．Shi Ji，written by Sima Qian，was the first general history of China ever to be produced.Considered a masterpiece，it covers major events and personalities over a period of about 3，000 years.It has 130 chapters and contains more than 520，000 words. 2．The epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey are the two key works of Ancient Greek literature.Yet，little is known of Homer，the poet who the Ancient Greeks believed to have penned them. 3．Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber，or A Dream of Red Mansions or The Story of the Stone，is considered one of China's Four Great Classical Novels.Believed to be semi­autobiographical，documenting the rise and fall of the writer's family during the Qing Dynasty，it provides a fascinating insight into the life of Chinese society in the 18th century. 若阿基姆：鲁迅、沈从文等现代作家的许多作品被译成了法语。一些当代作家的小说也在法国卖得很好。文学对法国人来说意义重大，中国的文学作品往往获得很高的评价。 马伊：埃及人喜欢反映人性和人生经历的文学。其中，史铁生的《秋天的怀念》和周国平的《街头即景》就是很好的例子。我认为埃及和中国联系紧密，有许多共同之处。正因为如此，中国文学作品才真正引起了埃及读者内心的共鸣。 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．How did Petko get interested in Chinese literature? A．By watching a movie—The Shaolin Temple. B．By reading books about Chinese history and culture. C．By being exposed to Homer's epic poems. D．By working as a translator. 答案：A Part 2　语篇研析 2．How does Joachim select works to translate? A．He is largely influenced by respected Sinologists. B．He chooses classical literature. C．He just goes with what he likes and what he is interested in. D．He cares whether a writer is popular or not. 答案：C 3．What can we know according to the text? A．Thirty­six Stratagems is a best­seller in France. B．Petko has translated Dream of the Red Chamber into Bulgarian. C．Joachim has translated several long stories by Lu Xun. D．Mai is a French translator. 答案：B 4．What's the purpose of the writer in writing this text? A．To see what works are read outside of China and how they are received. B．To arouse readers' interest in Chinese literature. C．To introduce foreign translators. D．To share translations of Chinese literature. 答案：A 关键能力 互动探究 Ⅰ.核心单词 1．temple n．庙宇，寺院 Large amounts of money have been spent on the reconstruction of the ancient temple. 重建这座古庙花了大量的钱。 词汇识记 2．tune n．曲调，旋律 be in/out of tune (with...)(与……)(不)协调/(不)一致 tune in (to sth.)收听(收音机广播节目)；收看(电视节目) Some views of the historian are out of tune with those of the Sinologist. 这位历史学家的一些观点与汉学家的不一致。 3．historian n．历史学家(→history n．历史→historic adj.历史上著名的，历史性的→historical adj.历史的；历史学的) November 20，1978 was a historic day for the historian. 1978年的11月20日对这名历史学家来说是历史性的一天。 4．prior adj.先前的；较早的(→priority n．优先处理的事；优先权) prior to先于……，在……之前 As far as I am concerned, prior to traveling abroad，learning about a foreign country's traditions and customs is a top priority. 我认为在出国旅行之前，了解一个国家的传统和习俗是首要任务。 5．genius n．天才，天赋 I am increasingly convinced that Tom is a genius who has a great talent for ceramics. 我越来越相信汤姆是一个天才，他在陶瓷制品方面很有天赋。 6．kingdom n．王国 Our ancestors built a great kingdom，which won the whole world's respect and admiration. 我们的祖先建立了一个伟大的王国，赢得了全世界的尊敬和钦佩。 7．enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的(→enormously adv.非常，极其) Despite the enormous hardships，they ultimately took a creative approach and solved them perfectly. 尽管面临巨大的困难，但他们最终采取了创造性的方法，并完美地解决了这些困难。 Ⅱ.阅读词汇 1．Sinologist n．汉学家 2．shepherd n．牧羊人 3．chamber n．房间 4．romance n．传奇故事 5．stratagem n．计谋，策略 默写练习 【限时：10分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1． n. 庙宇，寺院 2． n. 曲调，旋律 3． n. 天才，天赋 4． n. 王国 temple tune genius kingdom 5．prior adj. 先前的；较早的→ n．优先处理的事；优先权 6．history n．历史→ n．历史学家→ adj.(有关)历史的→historic adj.历史上著名的 7．enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的→ adv.极其；非常 priority historian historical enormously Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．They insist that the right to live should take (prior) over all other considerations. 2．The price of wine varies (enormous) depending on where it comes from. priority enormously Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1. 在……之前；先于…… 2. 暴露于…… 3. 密切关注 4. 总的来说 5. 在(某人)心中引起共鸣 prior to be exposed to keep a close eye on on the whole strike a chord Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子。 1． the meeting，we need to prepare all the necessary documents in order to ensure a smooth and productive discussion. 2． ，I'm in favour of your proposal，but I think it will be better if it can be more detailed. 3．His speech with the audience，who were deeply moved by his words. Prior to On the whole struck a chord 4．He was astonished to find that his personal information had been the public on the Internet without his consent (同意). 5．I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother him. exposed to kept a close eye on 词汇精研 1.expose v．揭露；暴露 [教材原文] Prior to that，the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer's epic poems. 在那之前，我唯一接触过的历史巨作是《荷马史诗》。 (1)expose...to...使……暴露于/接触到…… (be) exposed to...暴露于……；处于……危险中 (2)exposure n．暴露；揭露 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①(译林选必三U1)As you are exposed diverse cultures，you may feel transported through time and space. ② (expose) to foreign cultures can help you have a better understanding of local cultures and customs. → can help you have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(动名词短语作主语) to Exposure Exposing yourself to/Being exposed to foreign cultures → ，you can have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(分词短语作状语) Exposed to/Exposing yourself to foreign cultures 2.tend v．往往会，趋向；照顾 [教材原文] In addition，publishing houses tend to look to other countries to see which Chinese works have sold well there. 此外，出版社往往会参考在其他国家哪些中国作品畅销。 (1)tend to do往往会做 tend (to) sb.照顾某人 (2)tendency n．倾向，趋势 have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As we can see，emojis have a (tend) to pop up all over the place. ②如果你提前了解唐朝的历史，你往往会发现你很容易学会唐诗。 If you understand the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，_____ ____________________________________. (建议信) tendency you will tend to find it easy to learn Tang poetry 3.keep an eye on照看，照料；留意，留神 [教材原文] I also keep a close eye on what's being self­published online by new，young authors—they have some good ideas. 我还密切关注新的年轻作者自己在网上发表的作品——他们有一些不错的想法。 keep an eye out/open (for)密切注意，提防，警觉 have an eye for对……有鉴赏力 look sb.in the eye(s)直视/正视某人 catch one's eye引起某人的注意 fix/keep one's eyes on注视，盯着看 shut/close one's eyes to对……视而不见 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 ①(译林必修三U3)With eyes no longer (fix) on our phones，we had a chance to really enjoy each other's company. ②When shaking hands with someone，it's polite ________________ ______ (直视他们) and give them a firm grip，showing respect and sincerity. fixed to look them in the eye(s) ③John often (对自己的缺点视而不见)，failing to recognize the mistakes he makes and blaming others for any problems that arise. ④突然，飞在天空中的一个东西吸引了他的注意，那是一只他从来都没见过的大鸟。 (动作描写) Suddenly ．It was a big bird he had never seen before. shuts/closes his eyes to his own shortcomings something flying in the sky caught his eye 句式剖析 If only...“要是……就好了；但愿” [教材原文] If only there was greater awareness of Chinese language and literature in my country. 要是我的国家有更多的人了解中国语言和文学就好了。 if only意为“但愿，要是……就好了”，其后的句子多用虚拟语气。具体用法如下： (1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时用“if only sb./sth.＋did/were...” (2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时用“if only sb./sth.＋had done...” (3)表示与将来事实相反的愿望用“if only sb./sth.＋would/could do...” [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow.If only she __________________ (come) to see me off. ②—Johnson，come and look at the sea! It's beautiful，isn't it? —Absolutely! If only I (live) by the sea now! could/would come lived ③我僵在那里，眼里含着后悔的泪水。要是我没和安妮吵架那该多好啊！ I froze there，with regretful tears in my eyes. ___________________ ！(心理描写) [名师点津]　only if 意为“只有”，引导条件状语从句，only 表示强调；当 only if位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 Only if a teacher has given permission can a student enter the room.只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进入这个房间。 If only I had not quarreled with Anne 进阶提升 写作微练 课文词汇 1．Sinologist n．汉学家 2．temple n．庙宇，寺院 3．tune n．曲调，旋律 4．historian n．历史学家 个人情感 5．prior adj.先前的；较早的 6．genius n．天才，天赋 7．romance n．传奇故事 8．kingdom n．王国 补充词汇 9．poem n．诗，诗歌 10．poet n．诗人 11．novel n．小说 12．drama n．戏剧 课文原句 1．I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it，and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian. 我第一次读到《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。 2．Now that this dream has come true，my next goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. 既然这个梦想已经实现了，我的下一个目标就是翻译《三国演义》。 3．Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands，and they are well­received. 每年都有中国作家的更多作品在荷兰出版，它们很受欢迎。 4．On the whole，I do have to admit that here，people's knowledge of Chinese literature is rather limited. 总的来说，我的确不得不承认，在荷兰，人们对中国文学的了解相当有限。 其他表达 5．The work has seen Cao Xueqin's rich cultural deposits. 这部作品见证了曹雪芹丰厚的文化底蕴。 6．The work is familiar to us Chinese，and even is very well­received abroad. 这部作品在中国广为人知，甚至在国外也广受欢迎。 7．In China，it is regarded as one of the greatest masterpieces of fiction and does have a profound effect on the literature in China and around the world. 在中国，它被认为是小说中最伟大的杰作之一。它确实对中国文学和世界文学产生了深远的影响。 1．中国文学为世人所熟知，很多人第一次读中国文学作品就会立刻爱上它们。 ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Chinese literature is known to the world，and many people will immediately fall in love with Chinese literary works as soon as they read them for the first time. 2．这本小说展现了中国文学的魅力，许多人都被其吸引。 ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ This novel shows the fascination of Chinese literature and many people are attracted by it. 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Because of its rich history and splendid appearance，the Great Wall attracts a lot of tourists，scientists，and ________ (历史学家). 2．The shy girl was encouraged by her friends to show her ______ (天赋) for art in the school's art exhibition. 3．Standing on the top of the mountain，the _______ (寺庙) has witnessed many changes in this area. historians genius temple 4．I am almost tone­deaf (五音不全的)—only with great effort can I figure out the simplest _____ (曲调)，and serious music is no more than an arrangement of noises. 5．He had _________ (巨大的) faith in me，and it was this，more than anything else，that inspired me to make music my career. 6．Although not essential，some ______ (先前的) knowledge is of great help in understanding and mastering the new concepts quickly. tune enormous prior Ⅱ.完成句子 1．既然你已经满十八周岁了，你就应该自己做一些决定。 ____________________________________，you should make some decisions by yourself. 2．我建议你在考试前一周复习你所学的内容。 I suggest that you (should) go over what you have learned during the week ________________． Now that you have been eighteen years old prior to the exams 3．这座古庙见证了过去二十年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。 The old temple _______________________________ in the past twenty years. 4．我们已请邻居在我们外出时帮我们照看一下房子。 We've asked the neighbours to ______________________ for us while we are away. has seen great changes of the village keep an eye on the house 5．迈克接触中国文化已经很长时间了，所以他对中国文化非常了解。 Mike _______________________________ for a long time，so he knows Chinese culture very well. has been exposed to Chinese culture 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．If a person places money prior anything else，it's very likely that he cannot enjoy the happiness in life. 2． (expose) to the sunlight for a long time in summer，you will get sunburnt. 3．George is organized，easy­going，hard­working，and intelligent.In a word，I can't think too (high) of him. 4．Parents need to keep an eye their children the whole time while they are playing in the park. to Exposed highly on 5． the whole，she had lived modestly，with a notable lack of ostentation. 6．Standards in health care have improved (enormous) compared to 40 years ago. 7．Through TV，kids have regular to violence.It is bad to kids to such things and we should make kids to some good books.(expose) On enormously exposure expose exposed 8．(北师大选必二U5)She was sometimes troublesome，stubborn and angry，and had a (tend) to break things when no one understood her. 9．(译林选必一U4)These travelling experiences also nourished his love of nature and inspired him to write numerous poems in the __________ (romance) style. tendency romantic 10． (history) have long been puzzled by dots，lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls，bones，and the ivory tusks of mammoths (猛犸象). Historians Ⅱ.完成句子/同义句转换 1．既然我们已经接受了挑战，我们不妨来碰一碰运气。 (now that) ，we might as well take a chance. 2．我现在联系不到他。要是我知道他的住址就好了。 (if only) I can't reach him right now. ． Now that we have accepted the challenge If only I knew his address 3．我看的那个节目确实对我影响很大，激励我以更大的决心和勇气去追求我的梦想。 (强调谓语) The show which I watched me，inspiring me to pursue my dreams with more determination and courage. 4．He became interested in the young teacher's lesson when he attended his class for the first time. →He became interested in the young teacher's lesson _______________ ． did have a profound effect on the first time he attended his class Ⅲ.阅读理解 Fujian Tulou，the special residential architecture of Fujian Province，was included on UNESCO's World Heritage List during the 32nd session of the World Heritage Committee in Quebec，Canada. In the fourth century，Han Chinese living in the Central Plains area began to migrate south，gradually gathering in Fujian and forming the Hakka communities.In order to defend against enemies，the Hakkas chose to live in compact (紧凑的) communities，and the tulou was their preferred houses.Tens of thousands of such earthen structures were constructed in Fujian Province. Most tulou are to be found in the valleys，and some are in the depths of the great mountains.Most of them are three to four storeys high，and look like circular blockhouses (堡垒).Rooms on the first floor are used as kitchens，rooms on the second floor are used as barns (谷仓)，and rooms on the third and fourth floors are for bedrooms and living rooms.For defensive purposes，the rooms on the first floor have no windows. Raw materials for the tulou were obtained locally.The main building material of the tulou was a mixture of clay，sand，lime and water，and egg whites，brown sugar and rice water were added as adhesive agents (黏合剂).These things then formed the walls.Once they dried，the walls were so hard that driving a nail into them would have been difficult.Fir branches，which are extremely strong and do not rot，were used to strengthen them，and many centuries later they have remained their original look. Tulou are located in a region where earthquakes happen frequently，and their circular construction helps them resist the regular shocks. The design even inspired one famous Peruvian architect，who paid several visits to Yongding，to build a tulou back home.Not long later，an earthquake struck only 10 kilometers away，and while all the houses around the earthen building fell down，his tulou remained. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了福建省特殊的住宅建筑——福建土楼，它已被列入联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》。 1．What can we know about the tulou from the text? A．The tulou is a special residential architecture of Han Chinese in Fujian. B．The tulou was once the place where the Hakkas chose to live together. C．The tulou is also modern people's preferred houses. D．The tulou looks like circular blockhouses but is easy to fall down in an earthquake. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“gradually gathering in...communities”和“In order to defend against enemies，the Hakkas chose to live in compact communities，and the tulou was their preferred houses.”可知，土楼曾经是客家人选择一起居住的地方。故选B。 2 3 1 4 2．What can we infer from the third paragraph? A．Most tulou are to be found in urban areas. B．The Hakkas might live an organized and harmonious life. C．People live on the second floor in the tulou. D．No windows are on the first floor to keep the tulou strong. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。此题可通过排除法快速得出答案。根据第三段第一句“Most tulou are to be found in the valleys，and some are in the depths of the great mountains.”可知，土楼不在城市里，排除A项；根据第三段中的“rooms on the third and fourth floors are for bedrooms and living rooms”可知，人们住在土楼的第三、四层，排除C项；根据第三段最后一句“For defensive purposes，the rooms on the first floor have no windows.”可知，土楼的一楼没有窗户是为了防御，排除D项。根据第三段的描述可知，这样大规模的样式一致的房子建在了一起，且每层的功能明确，由此推测，客家人是有组织的；人们住在一起，说明人们能和谐共处。由此推断，客家人可能过着有组织的、和谐的生活。故选B。 2 3 1 4 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．The Hakkas built tulou when they lived in the Central Plains area. B．Raw materials for the tulou were obtained from far away. C．It is difficult to dig a hole in the walls of the tulou. D．Fir branches may help tulou resist the regular shocks. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Once they dried，the walls were so hard that driving a nail into them would have been difficult.”可知，土楼的墙干了之后特别硬，在上边钉钉子都很困难。由此可知，在土楼的墙上挖一个洞是很难的。故选C。 2 3 1 4 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．One Thing on the UNESCO's World Heritage List B．The Function of Tulou C．Yongding County and the Hakkas D．The Special Earthen Architecture of Fujian 答案：D 2 3 1 4 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了福建土楼是福建省特殊的住宅建筑，已被列入联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》，还介绍了它的历史、地理位置、功能、特点、建造材料等。由此可知，D项 (福建的特殊土建筑)为本文的最佳标题。故选D。 2 3 1 4 Ⅳ.阅读七选五 Chinatowns in major cities around the world are not only home to a growing number of Chinese people but also have their own special traditions and ways of life. Millions of Chinese left their home country to go and live abroad.And most of them went to other countries mainly to make money. 1 2 They lived a hard life.Then Chinatowns were founded in some countries.When the Chinese arrived in foreign cities they could live in Chinatowns，where they followed their own traditions and spoke their own language.Many Chinese people have become successful businessmen.Today，Chinatowns are not only tourist destinations，but places where people can get great food and listen to Chinese music. 3 In Chinatowns，shop and street signs are often in two languages.People sell all sorts of things，including handicrafts and traditional Chinese medicine. 4 New York's Chinatown is the largest in the world.For one and a half centuries thousands of Chinese have lived in the southern part of Manhattan.San Francisco is home to the oldest Chinatown in the US. 5 Liverpool，England，grew into a big Chinatown as thousands of Chinese arrived at Britain's most important harbor (港口) in the 19th century. A．Each Chinatown is like a small “China” in a foreign city. B．There are many famous Chinatowns in the world's major cities. C．After these immigrants left their countries，they built a new home here. D．There are two schools and a library in the Chinatown，as well as a city park. E．It was the central place to the Chinese coming across the Pacific Ocean to America. F．In the US，thousands of Chinese helped to build the railroads across the continent. G．But in past centuries the Chinese abroad were treated badly and seen as cheap labour. [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了唐人街的一些情况。 1．答案：F 解析：根据上文“Millions of Chinese left...to make money.”可知，大多数人为了赚钱而出国，选项F中的“the US”属于“other countries”，与上文呼应，符合语境，故选F。 2．答案：G 解析：根据下文“They lived a hard life.Then Chinatowns were founded in some countries.”可知，华人在国外生活艰难，选项G的内容也是“a hard life”的体现，故选G。 3．答案：A 解析：根据上文“Today，Chinatowns are not...listen to Chinese music”可知，此处介绍了唐人街如今的情况，选项A承接上文，故选A。 4．答案：B 解析：根据下文“New York's Chinatown is the largest in the world...San Francisco is home to the oldest Chinatown in the US.”可知，本段主要介绍各个城市著名的唐人街，故选B。 5．答案：E 解析：根据上文“San Francisco is home to the oldest Chinatown in the US.”可知，下文将继续介绍旧金山的唐人街的情况，选项E中的It 指代上文中的San Francisco，故选 E。 $$